CN109823703B - Passive cold chain package design method - Google Patents
Passive cold chain package design method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109823703B CN109823703B CN201910059215.3A CN201910059215A CN109823703B CN 109823703 B CN109823703 B CN 109823703B CN 201910059215 A CN201910059215 A CN 201910059215A CN 109823703 B CN109823703 B CN 109823703B
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Abstract
The invention is suitable for the field of cold chain package design, and provides a passive cold chain package design method, which comprises the following steps: determining the total package size, the temperature control interval, the heat preservation time and the logistics environment temperature according to the physicochemical performance of the packaged object and the cold chain package requirement; selecting the type of a coolant according to a temperature control interval of a product, and selecting a heat insulation material of a heat insulation container in a cold chain package according to the heat insulation duration and the price cost of the product; simulating the distribution condition of the temperature field in the heat preservation box under different placing modes by using Fluent software, and comparing and determining the placing mode of the coolant; and testing and verifying the cold chain packaging scheme of the product according to the determined usage amount of the cold storage agent and the placement mode of the cold storage agent to obtain a final cold chain packaging scheme. The method can calculate and adjust according to actual real conditions, determine a more effective cold chain packaging scheme, greatly reduce the labor and material costs on the premise of ensuring the packaging reliability, and improve the packaging operation efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cold chain package design, and particularly relates to a passive cold chain package design method.
Background
In the modern transportation industry, cold chain transportation is an important item, and many medicines, vaccines and refrigerated foods must be subjected to cold chain packaging in transportation, so the quality of the cold chain packaging is directly related to the quality of the transported products. In the design of cold chain package in the prior art, the determination of the usage amount and the placement position of the coolant in the package is realized by setting a configuration table, and different configuration types are selected according to different external environments. However, the prior art does not relate to the selection problem of the coolant, and the configuration table is a specific configuration scheme obtained for certain specific situations and cannot be adjusted according to the actual real situation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a passive cold chain package design method, and aims to solve the problem that the existing design scheme cannot be adjusted according to actual conditions.
The invention is realized in such a way that a passive cold chain package design method comprises the following steps:
step S1: determining the total package size, the temperature control interval, the heat preservation time and the logistics environment temperature according to the physicochemical performance of the packaged object and the cold chain package requirement;
step S2: selecting the type of a coolant according to a temperature control interval of a product, and selecting a heat insulation material of a heat insulation container in a cold chain package according to the heat insulation duration and the price cost of the product;
step S3: using formulas
Calculating the usage amount of the coolant in the cold chain package;
step S4: simulating the distribution condition of the temperature field in the heat preservation box under different placing modes by using Fluent software, and comparing and determining the placing mode of the coolant;
step S5: testing and verifying the cold chain packaging scheme of the product according to the determined usage amount of the cold storage agent and the placement mode of the cold storage agent to obtain a final cold chain packaging scheme;
in the formula, m is the usage amount of the coolant, T is the phase change temperature of the selected coolant, H is the phase change latent heat of the selected coolant, T is the heat preservation duration, lambda is the heat conductivity coefficient of the selected heat preservation material, a, b, c and d are the length, width, height and thickness of the heat preservation container respectively, and T is the length, width, height and thickness of the heat preservation containerOuter coverIs the ambient temperature of the stream.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the physical and chemical properties of the product in the step S1 include the original package size of the packaged object, the storage temperature interval, the required heat preservation time and the product cost value.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the packaging object belongs to a temperature-sensitive product.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in step S2, the phase transition temperature of the coolant needs to be within the temperature control range of the packaging object.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: in step S2, the heat insulation material is one of EPE, EPP, EPS, XPS, EPU and VIP.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the arrangement modes of the coolant in the step S4 include top pendulum, side pendulum, bottom pendulum and up-down pendulum.
The further technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the cold chain package comprises a packaging box body, a heat preservation container, a cold storage agent and a packaging object.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can calculate and adjust according to actual real conditions, determine a more effective cold chain packaging scheme, greatly reduce the labor and material costs on the premise of ensuring the packaging reliability, and improve the packaging operation efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a Fluent software simulation diagram of a temperature field of a coolant top swing provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a temperature test graph of a cold chain packaging scheme provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of a passive cold chain package design method provided by the present invention, the method comprising the steps of:
step S1: determining the total package size, the temperature control interval, the heat preservation time and the logistics environment temperature according to the physicochemical performance of the packaged object and the cold chain package requirement;
preferably, the physical and chemical properties of the product in step S1 include the original package size of the packaged object, the storage temperature interval, the required heat preservation time and the product cost value.
Preferably, the packaging object belongs to a temperature-sensitive product.
The cold chain packaging objects are temperature sensitive products, such as refrigerated foods, marine products, fresh products, medicines, biological agents, vaccines and the like, which are all products with quality change caused by temperature change. In actual transportation, a large number of packages are required, so in designing, the overall package size is first determined by the initial package of the packaged object. Meanwhile, the storage temperature intervals required by different packaging objects are different, the temperature control intervals of the cold chain packaging are different, and the heat preservation time length and the temperature required to be kept in the logistics transportation are determined according to the characteristics of the packaging objects and the requirements of customers.
Step S2: selecting the type of a coolant according to a temperature control interval of a product, and selecting a heat insulation material of a heat insulation container in a cold chain package according to the heat insulation duration and the price cost of the product;
preferably, the phase transition temperature of the coolant in step S2 is within the temperature control zone of the packaging object.
Preferably, in step S2, the thermal insulation material is one of EPE, EPP, EPS, XPS, EPU, and VIP.
The phase change temperature of the coolant is a temperature interval of the coolant during working, and the coolant can keep the ambient temperature of the packaging object, so that the phase change temperature of the coolant is ensured to be in the temperature control interval of the packaging object, and the phase change temperature of the coolant cannot exceed or be lower than the optimal temperature of the packaging object, so that the packaging object is not damaged.
The heat-insulating material of heat-insulating container adopts one of EPE, EPP, EPS, XPS, EPU, VIP, the heat-insulating material's selection needs compromise the heat preservation heat-proof quality and the price cost of material, and the temperature control interval according to the packing product, heat preservation time or customer's demand judge select suitable heat-insulating material. The heat conductivity coefficient of the heat insulation material is EPE, EPP, EPS, XPS, EPU and VIP in sequence, and the smaller the heat conductivity coefficient is, the better the heat insulation performance is; the price cost is that EPE is more than EPS and less than XPS and less than EPP and less than EPU and less than VIP in turn, the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat-insulating material is shown in the following table,
for example, the temperature control interval of common vaccines is 2-8 ℃, the value of vaccine products is high, the temperature control requirement is high, the required heat preservation time can be 24h, 48h and 72h, and the heat preservation materials can be XPS, EPU and VIP sequentially.
Step S3: using formulas
Calculating the usage amount of the coolant in the cold chain package;
in the formula, m is the usage amount of the coolant, T is the phase change temperature of the selected coolant, H is the phase change latent heat of the selected coolant, T is the heat preservation duration, lambda is the heat conductivity coefficient of the selected heat preservation material, a, b, c and d are the length, width, height and thickness of the heat preservation container respectively, and T is the length, width, height and thickness of the heat preservation containerOuter coverIs the ambient temperature of the stream.
The minimum usage of the coolant that utilizes this formula can calculate can be according to the packing size of difference, the temperature interval of different products among the actual operation, different commodity circulation ambient temperature, factors such as different coolant types calculate the coolant usage that is suitable for passive cold chain packing at present, need not set up configuration table and inquiry configuration table, has promoted the design efficiency of cold chain packing.
Step S4: simulating the distribution condition of the temperature field in the heat preservation box under different placing modes by using Fluent software, and comparing and determining the placing mode of the coolant;
preferably, in step S4, the placement modes of the coolant include top swing, side swing, bottom swing, and top and bottom swing.
The arrangement mode of the cold storage agent in the cold chain package comprises a top pendulum, a side pendulum, a bottom pendulum and an upper pendulum and a lower pendulum, wherein the top pendulum is arranged at the top and 4 sides of the heat preservation container for the cold storage agent, the side pendulum is arranged at the 4 sides of the heat preservation container for the cold storage agent, the bottom pendulum is arranged at the bottom and 4 sides of the heat preservation container for the cold storage agent, and the upper pendulum and the lower pendulum are arranged at the top and the bottom of the heat preservation container for the cold storage agent. And (3) performing simulation on the types of the determined cold-storage agents and the placement of the dosage in different positions in the package by using Fluent software, comparing and analyzing the temperature field distribution condition in the heat-insulating container, and selecting the placement mode of the cold-storage agent with the most uniform temperature field distribution.
Step S5: testing and verifying the cold chain packaging scheme of the product according to the determined usage amount of the cold storage agent and the placement mode of the cold storage agent to obtain a final cold chain packaging scheme;
preferably, the cold chain package includes a package box, a heat-insulating container, a coolant, and a package object.
The overall cold chain package obtained by the method comprises a box body, a heat preservation container, a cold storage agent and a packaging object, wherein the box body is an external package, and can be a stable and difficult-to-damage box body such as a corrugated case. The heat-insulating container is made of heat-insulating materials and is matched with the box body. And placing the packaged product and the coolant in the heat-insulating container, and finally sealing the box body to finish cold chain packaging. Through the measurement to temperature and external logistics temperature in the cold chain packing that the design was accomplished, can draw two temperature curves, can verify through contrastive analysis whether qualified this cold chain packing, whether can protect the unchangeable destruction of quality of packing product to reach final scheme.
Taking a vaccine cold chain package as an example, the external size of a single box of vaccine is 12 x 5mm, the external size of the whole box (100 boxes) is 36 x 30cm, the temperature control interval is 2-8 ℃, the heat preservation time is 24h, and the ambient temperature of external logistics is not higher than 28 ℃.
According to the requirements of vaccine cold chain packaging, the temperature control interval is 2-8 ℃, so that a cold storage agent with a common phase transition temperature of 5 ℃ on the market is selected, the long time requirement and the price cost of heat preservation are comprehensively considered, and an XPS heat preservation material is selected, so that the main physical parameters of the cold storage agent and the heat preservation material are as follows:
| material | Phase transition temperature | Latent heat of phase change | Coefficient of thermal conductivity |
| Cold- |
5℃ | 220J/g | - |
| XPS | - | - | 0.028W/(m*k) |
Further, the size of the insulated container made of XPS material can be obtained from the outer size of the vaccine as follows:
evaluating the usage amount of the coolant according to a temperature control packaging phase change heat transfer model:
wherein: t is 24 h;
λ＝0.028W/(m*k)；
Touter cover＝28℃；
T＝5℃；
H＝220J/g；
a＝0.52m；
b＝0.46m；
c＝0.44m；
d＝0.05m。
Substituting the relevant parameters to obtain the usage amount m of the cold storage agent which is 6.78 kg.
Furthermore, the Fluent software is adopted to simulate the distribution condition of the temperature fields in the heat preservation box under different placing modes of the coolant, so that the placing mode with the most uniform distribution of the temperature fields in the heat preservation container is obtained, wherein the heat preservation container is placed in a top swinging mode, namely the coolant is placed on the top and 4 side surfaces of the heat preservation container, the distribution of the temperature fields is more uniform, and the distribution of the temperature fields is shown in a figure 2;
and finally, sampling and testing the cold chain packaging scheme, verifying the feasibility of the scheme, and actually testing a temperature curve chart as shown in fig. 3, wherein the upper line is a temperature curve of the logistics environment temperature, and the lower line is a temperature curve of the XPS heat preservation container.
In summary, the cold chain packaging for the vaccine can adopt a phase-change temperature cold storage agent of 5 ℃, the usage amount of the cold storage agent is at least 6.78kg, the cold storage agent is packaged in a top swing mode, and an insulation container is made by combining an XPS insulation material.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A passive cold chain package design method, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
step S1: determining the total package size, the temperature control interval, the heat preservation time and the logistics environment temperature according to the physicochemical performance of the packaged object and the cold chain package requirement;
step S2: selecting the type of a coolant according to a temperature control interval of a product, and selecting a heat insulation material of a heat insulation container in a cold chain package according to the heat insulation duration and the price cost of the product;
step S3: using formulas
Calculating the usage amount of the coolant in the cold chain package;
step S4: simulating the distribution condition of the temperature field in the heat preservation box under different placing modes by using Fluent software, and comparing and determining the placing mode of the coolant;
step S5: testing and verifying the cold chain packaging scheme of the product according to the determined usage amount of the cold storage agent and the placement mode of the cold storage agent to obtain a final cold chain packaging scheme;
in the formula, m is the usage amount of the coolant, T is the phase change temperature of the selected coolant, H is the phase change latent heat of the selected coolant, T is the heat preservation duration, lambda is the heat conductivity coefficient of the selected heat preservation material, a, b, c and d are the length, width, height and thickness of the heat preservation container respectively, and T is the length, width, height and thickness of the heat preservation containerOuter coverIs the ambient temperature of the stream.
2. The design method of the passive cold chain package according to claim 1, wherein the physical and chemical properties of the package object in the step S1 include an original package size, a storage temperature range, a required heat preservation time and a product cost value of the package object.
3. A passive cold chain packaging design method according to claim 2, characterized in that the packaging object belongs to a temperature sensitive product.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the phase transition temperature of the coolant in step S2 is within the temperature control range of the packaged object.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insulation material in step S2 is one of EPE, EPP, EPS, XPS, EPU, and VIP.
6. The design method of the passive cold chain package according to claim 1, wherein the placement modes of the coolant in step S4 include top swing, side swing, bottom swing, and top and bottom swing.
7. A design method of a passive cold chain package according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cold chain package comprises a package box body, a heat preservation container, a cold storage agent and a package object.
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Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1483643A (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2004-03-24 | 清华大学 | Temp management method for cold-keeping transportation |
| CN101256046A (en) * | 2008-04-08 | 2008-09-03 | 李援朝 | Combined use method for a suit of cold-storage heat-preserving equipment |
| CN102490991A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2012-06-13 | 上海蔚景实业有限公司 | Insulation can configuration method |
| FR2969586B1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2013-09-27 | Air Liquide | DEVICE FOR TRANSPORTING AND DISPENSING THERMOSENSITIVE PRODUCTS |
| CN103359397B (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-10-28 | 广州赛能冷藏科技有限公司 | The method for making of cold chain transportation packing chest |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1483643A (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2004-03-24 | 清华大学 | Temp management method for cold-keeping transportation |
| CN101256046A (en) * | 2008-04-08 | 2008-09-03 | 李援朝 | Combined use method for a suit of cold-storage heat-preserving equipment |
| FR2969586B1 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2013-09-27 | Air Liquide | DEVICE FOR TRANSPORTING AND DISPENSING THERMOSENSITIVE PRODUCTS |
| CN102490991A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2012-06-13 | 上海蔚景实业有限公司 | Insulation can configuration method |
| CN103359397B (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-10-28 | 广州赛能冷藏科技有限公司 | The method for making of cold chain transportation packing chest |
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