CN1470719A

CN1470719A - Dynamic water resource development technical system

Info

Publication number: CN1470719A
Application number: CNA021255563A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张福增
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-07-22
Filing date: 2002-07-22
Publication date: 2004-01-28

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dynamic water resource development technology system, which is characterized by that it can convert the surface water into the underground water resource which can not be lost, can not be evaporated, can not be polluted and can not be seeped. Its concrete technical scheme is that in the river upstream area and plain area lots of completely-closed underground water-storing structure can be built, said water-storing structure is formed from several components of water penetration layer, water-storing space, top cover, support and four walls, water penetration output hole, water well for monitoring water quality and water quantity and water-supplying working surface for delivering water.

Description

Dynamic water resource development technical system

Technical field

The invention belongs to hydrotechnics.This invention is mainly derived from my latest scientific research--dynamic water resource research viewpoint, with this a kind of new water resources development and utilization angle is proposed, and the water resource development technical that makes new advances from this angle design, i.e. dynamic water resource development technical system.

Background technology

Because the present invention is mainly derived from new scientific achievement--dynamic water resource research, so, when introducing technical background, must relate to the following new viewpoint.

1, the scientific process of water resource motion

The so-called water circulation of water cycle process is exactly the macroscopic motion process of water: at first be evaporation stage, solar energy is evaporation of seawater steam; Next is the delivery stage, and air-flow is transported to the sky, land to steam, produces precipitation by the cold and heat air effect; Be the face of land carrying stage then, the evaporation of a precipitation part, a part is stored by the lake, and other flows back to the ocean with the river that permeates the ground, river, face of land form, has finished all processes of water circulation.

In the several stages of water circulation, the solar energy evaporation ocean stage is the basis of water circulation and the initial reason of water circulation, the quantity of its decision air-flow delivery aqueous vapor; Air-flow is to the quantity of the quantity decision land of continent delivery aqueous vapor precipitation; What of surface water resources are the quantity of land precipitation determine.In this three phases, the variable maximum, with human relation maximum be land carrying stage behind the precipitation.In the carrying stage, precipitation carries out nature by evaporation, lake, river and distributes, and then determines traditional water resource scale.

With national water resources communique in 2000 was that example describes according to 2000 " water resources in china communique ", and the rainfall in China total amount was 5.97 trillion tons in 1999, formed 2.72 trillion tons of the face of land (river, lake) water resources, accounted for 45.6% of total amount; The water resource that permeates the ground is 8,387 hundred million tons, accounts for 14% of total amount; The precipitation and evaporation total amount is 2.41 trillion tons, accounts for 40.4% of total amount, and this is the basic result that precipitation distributes naturally.In surface water resources, there are own characteristics in some areas, can't develop as the flood conventional art in the river, and it has accounted for a big chunk of water resource; For another example, the evaporation capacity of dry area in north china is far longer than national average evaporation capacity, accounts for 82% of amount of precipitation as the evaporation capacity of the Huanghe valley, and the ratio that forms water resource only accounts for 18%.These master datas are basic bases of regional development water resource.

2, two kinds of different water resource viewpoints

Before dynamic water resource research, the idea of traditional water resource is: epigeospheres such as rivers and lakes and phreatic water can be at any time for human water resource of taking.These water resources are visible, tangible, can ready accesses upon use in fixing place, and according to its these characteristics, we are called the Static Water resource to it.Traditional static Water Resources Branch is position slightly in the end of water cycle process, is the sub-fraction of rainfall resource.

The dynamic water resource notion then is: a country, the water yield summation that is in the water circulation state is a dynamic water resource.Different with the Static Water resource, the motion of dynamic water resource is rapid, variation is quick, though can see sometimes, the transient flow mistake is as flood peak; Sometimes the mankind are difficult to see, as the soil water-containing that is evaporated, and are a kind of of three northern areas of China individual event water resource quantity maximum.Because of these water resource motions are rapid, can not take at any time, according to its these characteristics, we are referred to as dynamic water resource.The scope of dynamic water resource mainly comprises Yun Zhongshui, precipitation and follow-up form thereof.The follow-up form of so-called precipitation mainly refers to evaporation and two kinds of forms of runoff (comprising the lake) of forming behind the precipitation.Calculate by the Static Water resource, the average for many years gross amount of water resources of China is 2.81 trillion tons, and calculates by the viewpoint of dynamic water resource: China's gross amount of water resources for many years is 6.43 trillion tons, is 2.29 times of Static Water resource.And in the area of most of drought and water shortage of North China and northwest, the dynamic water resource total amount is more than 5 times of Static Water resource.As seen these areas are not to be real lack of water, but lack advanced water resource development technical.

3, with Tianjin be the example explanation

Tianjin is the minimum area of China's water resource, and the Static Water total resources is less than 3,000,000,000 tons, and water resource is less than 300 tons per capita.And calculate by dynamic water resource, more than the average annual amount of precipitation 600mm in Tianjin, 1.1 ten thousand square kilometres of the gross areas, gross amount of water resources are near 7,000,000,000 tons, and water resource is nearly 700 tons per capita.Such water resource scale as long as advanced water resource development technical is arranged, can solve water shortage problem fully on the spot.

By top analysis as can be seen, the Tianjin that the northern China lack of water is the most serious, dynamic water resource also can satisfy the water requirement of Tianjin fully, the crucial topic whether advanced development technique is arranged, Here it is key content of the present invention.

Summary of the invention

1, the technical problem that will solve

Catalogue of the present invention be: thoroughly change directly situation to the passive water intaking of nature, take the initiative exploitation, a large amount of store, transportation measures as required, form water resource production, storage, conveying, feed system, finally reach and solve a large amount of groundwater abstractions by novel water resources development and cause the land subsidence problem, solve water resource pollution problem etc. by the short-term exploitation, and fundamentally thoroughly solve the serious water shortage problem of China.

2, three of dynamic water resource development philosophy

The one, the short-term development philosophy, promptly in the Plain, the intensive area of urban population, strive being developed to water resource behind the precipitation at once, eliminate the invalid loss of river process and evaporation process, can guarantee to solve on the spot problem of water consumption like this.

The 2nd, the upstream development philosophy mainly is meant the upstream of water circulation load bearing process.Do like this and can shorten the water resource carrying route, alleviate the process of water resource pollution, harmful mineralising.The upstream exploitation mainly comprises two kinds of methods.A kind of is after the upper river exploitation, is carried downwards by special pipeline, rather than passes through the river course.The secondth, the water resource of evaporation in exploitation is ploughed, China's three northern areas of China bare area farming, amount of precipitation reaches 2-3 times of crop water supply volume, and local arid phenomenon also often takes place.As long as the control of arable land evaporation technique has been arranged, the place of three northern areas of China annual precipitation more than 250mm just all can irrigate and can normally carry out agricultural production, but this technology will be declared patent in addition, and presents will not relate to.

The 3rd, a large amount of safe storage principles are promptly pressed underground water and are preserved form, build totally-enclosed property underground storage structure in a large number, guarantee that the storage great amount of water resources is non-leakage, run off, do not evaporate, ready access upon use.

3, adopt the water method

The core of dynamic water resource development technical, build exactly do not evaporate, do not run off, non-leakage totally-enclosed property water storage structure.And directly develop the rainfall resource of plains region, or the direct Application and Development of precipitation that runs off because of evaporation, flood with this water storage structure.

The construction of water storage structure water storage structure is the technological core of this invention.Say that briefly the water storage structure of dynamic water resource exploitation is exactly a totally-enclosed property water storage space that manually build, underground.Water storage structure mainly is made of following five parts.

The one, permeable layer (Fig. 1 .1), main effect is to guarantee precipitation or river accurately to the water storage structure motion, and plays a role in filtering.The top of permeable layer is the soil layer about 1 meter, preferably has sandy soil character; Lower floor should be the thick fine sand layer of gravel of 1-2 rice.To requirements in water quality, also can adopt the more material of science according to the water user.

The 2nd, concrete ceiling (Fig. 1 .2), promptly the concrete top cover on water storage space top mainly is to support the seepage floor material.Also can according to the water retention capacity size or service time length select other respective substance.

The 3rd, retaining bearing structure (Fig. 1 .3), the i.e. construction of the end of water storage space, wall and support post, crossbeam.The most handy free of contamination concrete structure of material also will carry out inside and outside general antiseepage with contamination-free and handle.The space size of retaining bearing structure (Fig. 1 .4) decision water retention capacity.

The 4th, the output facility is promptly built output seepage mouth (Fig. 1 .5) in suitable place, and seepage mouth should be firm concrete structure, and fine sand is filled up in the centre.Also to build the multi-functional well (Fig. 1 .6) that a bite can be observed water level and be checked water quality in addition in the outside of seepage mouth.

The 5th, output services face (Fig. 1 .7) comprises the output channel that is picked out by seepage mouth, regulates water supply valve, and work plane.So that administrative staff at the work plane operated valve, adjust water supply time and output.

Water sampling system mountain area, mountain area water sampling system is promptly by building some water storage structures (Fig. 2) successively with the basin direction in river course, gully.The mountain area is adopted the gathering surface of water and will be finished by basin face (Fig. 2 .2), calculates according to basin face area and adopts the water yield; Longshore current territory direction is built aqueduct, the water resource input channel of gathering in each water storage structure, is sent to the place (Fig. 2 .3) of water then by pipeline.The construction of mountain area water sampling system, note 2 points: the one, water storage structure is built densely populated place, is had till the place of industrial and mining enterprises, influences water quality in order to avoid collect polluted source; The 2nd, note not using chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals on the basin face that catchments, so that guarantee to adopt water quality.The characteristics that water is adopted in the mountain area are to adopt water to easily, and the water delivery investment is bigger.

Water sampling system Plain, Plain water sampling system is different with the mountain region, has the basin face that can rely on of basin face to build water storage structure, does not have the necessary self-built water surface (Fig. 3) of adopting of basin face.Self-built method of adopting the water surface is: approximately build an artificial basin face (Fig. 3 .1) for every square kilometre, build water storage structure (Fig. 3 .2) in the middle of the face of basin; The degree of depth of 0.5-3 rice under the soil of basin face is built the skill shape penetrating passage of being made up of fine sand stone (Fig. 3 .3).Passage is more shallow in the edge of basin face, and along with extending to the water storage structure of centre, passage is downward-sloping gradually, so as after the precipitation infiltration fast to water storage space motion (Fig. 3 .4).Opposite with the mountain area water sampling system, difficulty of water construction is adopted in the region of no relief, and the water transport structure construction is easy, even can build the water delivery network (Fig. 4) of unified control, and the water yield, storage capacity and use amount are adopted in overall control.

4, beneficial effect

Adopt the water form with the Static Water resource and compare, the sharpest edges that dynamic water resource is adopted the water technology are: it has changed human in water circulation end passive slightly collection nature water resource, with adopting at any time the directly water use model of supply; Become in water circulation upstream active production and store great lot of water resources,, also form production, storage, the conveying of water resource, the network of supply as production, conveying, the supply system of electric power.The final tradition that changes is directly to adopting water naturally, supply rainy season more, dry season the water supply form of confession less.Make human water no longer be subjected to the interference of rainy season, dry season supplying water and fluctuating.Concrete advantage is as follows.

The one, enlarged human governable gross amount of water resources, progressively ease people is to the traditional water resource--river and phreatic dependence, the final problem that solves the human shortage of water resources that faces.

The 2nd, the short-term exploitation, it is fast to adopt water, and technology is simple and direct.The unique main channel of human freshwater resources is exactly a precipitation, and the traditional water resource is just to go exploitation through multiple motion behind the precipitation, and the centre has been passed through as many unfavorable processes such as pollution, mineralisings.This can be referred to as long line development.And dynamic water resource is directly developed precipitation, and each comes water system can come into operation with building at once; Do not suspend and establish water sampling system and adopt the water total capacity and just not stop to increase, investment repayment speed is quickish.Each water sampling system works alone, even there are indivedual water sampling systems to break down, also do not influence other water sampling system and uses, and be to put things right once and for all.And the long-range water transfer resemble the south water to north is just different, and dam and water delivery line construction project are great, and be time-consuming a lot of.In construction or the use, any part is out of joint, and whole water delivery engineering all can not use.

The 3rd, the saving fund is gathered the used fund of water resource of same quantity, and the fund that dynamic water resource is adopted the water Technology Need is lower than 10% of the south water to north.And build up the back and put things right once and for all, do not need substantially to inject capital into again and keep in repair or keep operation.And the whole engineering construction phase of the south water to north need be dropped into a large amount of construction funds, also needs input personnel nurse and maintenance fund in a large number after putting into production.The pumping plant of promoting to a higher rank in addition in addition, costly all the year round.

The 4th, it is good, pollution-free that dynamic water resource is adopted water water quality.Because the dynamic water resource water sampling system is a short-term exploitation natural precipitation, intermediate link is few also can be controlled, so can not be subjected to any pollution substantially except that acid rain.The south water to north is open channel water delivery and long lines water delivery, and water transport moving-wire road is oversize, is subjected to polluting inevitable.

The 5th, can alleviate the geological disaster that the water resources development of China causes.Traditional water development of resources mode, particularly take out cone of groundwater and the land subsidence that underground water causes excessively, generally take place in China.And the dynamic water resource exploitation can be alleviated the phreatic present situation of dependence that human survival causes, and perhaps no longer uses underground water, conserves underground water source for a long time, and cone of groundwater and geological disaster have just no longer taken place.

The 6th, help improvement of the ecological environment, adopt dynamic water resource can alleviate to the hydropenic pressure in the face of land, save a large amount of surface water, will play significant role to recovering three Norths ecology.And after the water surface is adopted in the plains region construction, forbid to use chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals, and must produce pollution-free food, also promoted ecological agriculture construction.

Description of drawings

Now in conjunction with the accompanying drawings invention is described further.Accompanying drawing has 4 width of cloth: Fig. 1, totally-enclosed underground storage structure chart, comprises a. side cross-sectional view and b. plane structure chart; Fig. 2, mountain area water sampling system figure; Fig. 3, Plain water sampling system figure and (3.4) dendritic penetrating passage detailed drawing; Fig. 4, Plain water supply network figure.

Fig. 1 is the essential structure of totally-enclosed underground storage structure.The superiors of water storage structure are permeable layer (Fig. 1 .1), comprise top soil horizon and bottom grit layer, and precipitation or river filter by the soil and the grit of permeable layer, to water storage space (Fig. 1 .4) seepage.Water storage space is made up of concrete top cover (Fig. 1 .2), the end, wall, column, crossbeam (Fig. 1 .3), and crossbeam and column constitute the framework that involves mutually, supports top cover.Water source in the water storage space, by exporting seepage mouth (Fig. 1 .5) with fine sand and little gravel pack, water enters well (Fig. 1 .6) after filtration.From well, pick out output channel at last and enter work plane (Fig. 1 .7), and water is sent to the water delivery total pipeline, realize purpose to urban water supply by work plane control.Fig. 1 .4.1,1.4.2,1.4.3 are height, length, the width of water storage space.

Fig. 2 is the mountain area water sampling system, and promptly some totally-enclosed underground storage structures (all rectangles among the figure) are built in gully, following current territory, each water storage structure be connected with aqueduct (Fig. 2 .1).Gathering surface will be chosen in factory (Fig. 2 .5) and densely populated upstream, villages and small towns (Fig. 2 .6), i.e. the left side of dotted line (Fig. 2 .2) among the figure is to guarantee to gather the quality at water source.Water source input total pipeline (Fig. 2 .4), urban water supply (Fig. 2 .3) downstream in the water storage structure.

Fig. 3 is that water system is come in the Plain, represents 1 square kilometre the artificial water surface (Fig. 3 .1) of adopting in the big square frame, and the edge of adopting the water surface can be repaiied short earth dam and separate with the non-water surface of adopting.Adopt the dendritic penetrating passage (Fig. 3 .3) that infiltrates behind the generation precipitation on the water surface from all directions, (Fig. 3 .6) converges (Fig. 3 .5) to main skill by the side skill, moves to water storage structure then.Dendritic penetrating passage its outer edges place is more shallow far from the face of land, and the degree of depth wants dark near water storage structure, 3 meters apart from the face of land (Fig. 3 .4 detailed drawing) less than 1 meter.The movement velocity that middle drop more than 2 meters can be accelerated to seep water.

Fig. 4 is the plains region water system, each square is represented a underground storage structure (Fig. 4 .1) among the figure, these water storage structures send water by water supply line (Fig. 4 .2) to water system (Fig. 4 .3), and water system is given the user (Fig. 4 .4) of city all directions again water.All water storage structures in the water supply network of Plain contour basic identical, water system could calculate that roughly the water yield is stored according to SEA LEVEL VARIATION, water yield production and water yield supply situation.

Embodiment

The water source cost of producing with dynamic water resource development technical is very low.If build 300 yuan of the every square meter construction costs of water storage structure, structure space is high 10 meters, annual production three times can be produced 30 tons of water resources every year, 10 yuan per ton of average cost.Can not use 50 years if this does not execute, the cost of production of water so per ton has only 0.20 yuan.Add and carry and supply process that water cost per ton can be above 0.40 yuan.Compare for 1.75 yuan to the water price of Tianjin with the national south water to north, have massive profits to earn.This can attract the great amount of water resources construction investment.

The one, original national traditional water Resources Construction investment is changed into the dynamic water resource development investment, build water source manufacturing enterprise or water source and carry supply enterprise.As nation-building power plant and power transmission and transformation line.

The 2nd, the encouragement enterprise investment is built water source manufacturing enterprise, takes whose investment, the principle who is benefited, and a large amount of productions, storage of water resource, price flows to water source supply department.

The 3rd, encourage personal investment to build water resource manufacturing enterprise, method is identical with enterprise construction water source production facility.

Adopt above-mentioned three kinds of methods, the present invention will soon obtain the support of social each side, smooth implementation.

Claims

1, totally-enclosed property underground storage structure

Totally-enclosed property underground storage structure (Fig. 1) is the core of this invention, and this water storage structure mainly comprises five parts.The one, permeable layer (Fig. 1 .1), main effect is to guarantee precipitation or river accurately to the water storage structure motion, and plays a role in filtering, and the top of permeable layer is the soil layer about 1 meter, preferably has sandy soil character, and lower floor should be the thick fine sand layer of gravel of 1-2 rice.The 2nd, concrete top cover (Fig. 1 .2), promptly the concrete top cover on water storage space top mainly is to support the permeable layer material.The 3rd, retaining bearing structure (Fig. 1 .3) comprises the end, wall and support post, the crossbeam of water storage space, and needs to carry out the antiseepage processing with contamination-free.The 4th, the output facility is promptly built output seepage mouth (Fig. 1 .5) in suitable place, and seepage mouth should be firm concrete structure, and the fine sand gravel is filled up in the centre.Also to build the multi-functional well (Fig. 1 .6) that a bite can be observed water level and be checked water quality in addition in the outside of seepage mouth.The 5th, output services face (Fig. 1 .7) comprises the output channel that is picked out by seepage mouth and regulates water supply valve, so that administrative staff at the work plane operated valve, adjust water supply time and output as required.Totally-enclosed property underground storage structure is the comprehensive work system that is made of these five parts.

2, mountain area water sampling system

Mountain area water sampling system (Fig. 2) is the combined system that is made of some totally-enclosed property underground storage structures and aqueduct, and native system is built some totally-enclosed property underground storage structures (Fig. 2 .1) successively along the basin direction in river course, gully.The gathering surface of mountain area water sampling system, to finish by natural basin face (Fig. 2 .2), longshore current territory direction is built aqueduct (Fig. 2 .4), the water resource input channel of gathering in each water storage structure, is sent to city water supply department (Fig. 2 .3) by aqueduct then.

3, Plain water sampling system

Plain water sampling system (Fig. 3), the dynamic water resource development technical system of forming by the artificial gathering surfaces of some totally-enclosed property (Fig. 3 .1), underground storage structure (Fig. 3 .2), dendritic water transport channel (Fig. 3 .3).The content of manually adopting the water surface is: approximately build an artificial basin face (Fig. 3 .1) collection precipitation for every square kilometre; Build the underground storage structure in the middle of the face of basin; The degree of depth of 1-3 rice under the soil of basin face is laid the dendritic penetrating passage of being made up of the fine sand gravel; Passage is more shallow in the edge of basin face, along with underground storage extensibility of structure to the centre, passage is downward-sloping gradually, make after the precipitation infiltration fast to water storage space motion (Fig. 3 .4 partial, detailed view), under the contour essentially identical situation of some underground storage structures, city water supply department (Fig. 4) can unify to control the variation of adopting the water yield, storage capacity and use amount.