CN1470657A - Steel making and iron making superlow zine dust recovery and treatment process - Google Patents

Steel making and iron making superlow zine dust recovery and treatment process Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1470657A
CN1470657A CNA021361916A CN02136191A CN1470657A CN 1470657 A CN1470657 A CN 1470657A CN A021361916 A CNA021361916 A CN A021361916A CN 02136191 A CN02136191 A CN 02136191A CN 1470657 A CN1470657 A CN 1470657A
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zinc
iron
furnace
gas
making
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陈素琼
郑越
张佩盈
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Shanghai Meishan Baosteel Group Co Ltd
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Shanghai Meishan Baosteel Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

To the ultralow zinc content (Zinc content is less than 10%) and iron-containing (Fe content is 30%-50%) sludge and dust produced in the couse of smelting iron and smelting steel the enough reductant, catalyst and ball-forming agent can be added, fully mixing uniformly and pressed into the pelletizing with certain strength, then a king of "ultralow zinc iron-containing dust sludge smoke treatment recovery furnace" can be used to make the pelletizing directly be heated and reduced by means of fuel to obtain molten iron and recover crude zinc product, and the by-product-CO gas produced by recovering iron and zinc can be used as high-temp. reduction gas for circulation utilization.

Description

Recovery processing technology of iron-making and steel-making ultra-low zinc dust and mud
(I) technical field
The invention relates to a process method for recovering iron and zinc in iron-containing sludge and dust generated in the iron-making or steel-making process, in particular to a process for recovering and treating ultralow zinc dust and mud in iron-making and steel-making.
(II) background of the invention
At present, the dust and mud amount generated in the iron making and steel making process is 1 to 1.5 percent of the steel and iron yield, according to statistics: in 2001, the steel and iron yield in China exceeds 1.4 hundred million tons, the generated dust and mud is at least 280 ten thousand tons, and the sludge which is not treated in the past is added, if the sludge is not stacked, a large amount of land owned by China is occupied; meanwhile, the dust and mud contain some elements harmful to human health, the dust and mud fly upwards to cause air pollution in dry and windy seasons, and the dust and mud flow into rivers to cause water pollution in rainy and windy seasons, so that the dust and mud which are byproducts of steel products are treated by various methods and are increasingly valued.
The zinc content of dust mud generated in iron making and steel making is generally in the range of 0.1-5%, even if the blast furnace gas mud is returned to sintering cycle for use, the zinc content in the gas mud is generally not more than 10%, and the dust mud generated in iron making and steel making belongs to the category of ultra-low zinc in terms of the zinc content. Analyzing the physical and chemical characteristics of zinc and iron elements in dust and sludge generated in iron making and steel making:
1) the zinc and the iron mainly exist in oxide forms, and the specificgravities of the oxides are different but not different;
2) the granularity of the zinc oxide is smaller than that of the iron oxide, and is mostly smaller than 20 mu m, and the granularity of the iron oxide is mostly between 30 and 60 mu m;
3) the zinc and iron oxides have magnetic difference;
4) the blast furnace gas mud and the steelmaking sludge have high viscosity.
In view of the physicochemical characteristics of zinc and iron elements in the dust and mud, physical methods such as magnetic separation, wet cyclone separation and the like respectively appear in the world. Practice proves that the dust and mud generated by iron making and steel making are separated by a magnetic separation and wet cyclone, the zinc is not thoroughly removed, sintering is carried out, and the hidden danger of zinc enrichment and nodulation still exists in the blast furnace smelting process; meanwhile, the zinc-rich sludge generated after separation is difficult to treat and even needs to be stacked, and the pollution to the environment is continued. At present, the two methods cannot be popularized and applied.
Disclosure of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the zinc in the sludge is thoroughly removed, and dust and mud generated in iron making and steel making are eliminated.
The main principles of the invention include zinc, iron reduction and condensation of zinc vapour.
1. The reduction principle of zinc and iron is as follows:
analysis of standard free enthalpy of formation Δ G of oxides0 GeneratingT picture to understand iron and zinc reduction. The higher the oxygen level, the weaker the affinity of themetal with oxygen, and the easier the MO is to reduce; the lower the oxygen level, the stronger the affinity, and the more difficult the reduction of MO.
Zinc is a heavy metal with high affinity to oxygen, and Zn-ZnO has a low equilibrium oxygen level (see FIG. 2). However, after the boiling point of zinc (1180K), the entropy increase of zinc is large when liquid zinc is changed into gas zinc, so that the curve of oxygen level along with the change of temperature is increased quickly, the slope is large, and ZnO is possibly reduced by carbon at high temperature.
ZnO is reduced by carbon, in fact by CO:
(1)
ΔG0=178020-111.67T
on the other hand, the CO consumed by the reduction can be supplemented by the gasification reaction of carbon, namely:
(2)
ΔΔG0=170460-174.43T
by adding the two reaction formulae together, the carbon-reduced product shown below is obtained
The reaction formula is as follows:
(3)
the zinc is refined by reducing volatilization with carbon, the oxide competing with the reduction of zinc oxide is the oxide of iron, the reduction balance of iron oxide:
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
the reduction reaction of ZnO is endothermic, the higher the temperature, even if P isCO2/PCOThat is, although the reduction is weak, ZnO can be reduced, and the temperature is required to reduce ZnO at atmospheric pressure to be at least 1170K. Meanwhile, because the dust and sludge for iron making and steel making contain certain CaO, the activity of ZnO is improved, and ZnO can be reduced better.
2. Condensation principle of zinc vapor:
the condensation of the zinc vapour is carried out by cooling the zinc-containing furnace gases from the reaction temperature, due to the carbon gasification reaction So that the reaction gas after leaving the charge level contains PCO2/PCOThe ratio does not vary much. When the zinc-containing furnace gas is cooled, CO in the zinc-containing furnace gas2Will react completely with the equivalent amount of zinc vapor causing reoxidation of the zinc vapor. The generated ZnO has harmful effect on the condensation process, so that the zinc liquid drops are wrapped by a layer of ZnO, the liquid drops are prevented from being further converged into large drops, and the condensation effect of condensing zinc vapor into liquid zinc is reduced.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the recovery processing technology of the iron-making and steel-making ultra-low zinc dust mud comprises the collection of the mud and the dust, and is characterized by comprising the following process steps: sufficient reducing agent, catalyst and balling agent are added into the sludge and dust with ultra-low zinc (Zn less than 10 percent) and iron (Fe 30-50 percent) produced in the iron-making or steel-making process, the mixture is fully and evenly mixed and pressed into pellets with certain strength, the pellets are directly heated and reduced by fuel by a high-temperature recovery furnace, and finally, molten iron and recovered crude zinc products are obtained.
In order to supplement the required heat, the iron and the zinc in the ultra-low zinc iron-containing dust mud are completely reduced in a high-temperature recovery furnace, so as to achieve the technical purposes of zinc fuming recovery and molten iron refining, and when the dust mud is used for pelletizing, an excessive reducing agent is intentionally added; in addition, after pelletizing, the dust and mud are dried at 873K-973K for standby; simultaneously, preheating coke for furnace charge to about 1073K-1400K before entering the furnace; the temperature of air blown into the furnace is increased to 1200-1400K as much as possible, so that the pulverized coal is conveyed by high-temperature compressed air and sprayed into a molten pool in the furnace, a 'melt column' is moved when the bubbles rise through the molten pool, and the bubbles are crushed and reduced under the action of melt static pressure when the bubbles are heated and expanded, so that a large amount of bubbles carrying the pulverized coal are formed in the molten pool, the bubbles are rapidly heated by high-temperature furnace burden, carbon particles suspended in the bubbles are rapidly combusted, a large amount of heat is released, the high temperature of 1400-1600K in the molten pool is maintained, and a large amount of CO gas is generated.
To prevent CO2The process of the invention needs to pay attention to the control of material distribution in an ultra-low zinc iron-containing dust and mud fuming recovery furnace, the material layer is formed by arranging pellets made of sludge and coke at intervals, so that the atmosphere in the furnace keeps reducibility, the temperature of flue gas needs to be kept above 1273K, and the furnace top adopts a high-temperature sealing technology; meanwhile, in the flue gas recovery system, the flue gas firstly enters a graphite electrode heating and reducing chamber to ensure that zinc vapor, CO and CO are generated2The mixed gas or the zinc smoke dust coated with ZnO on the surface is further reduced, and the steam is directly led into a lead-rain condenser at high temperature as much as possible, so that the condensation and collection of zinc in furnace gas containing low zinc content are realized.
The specific process steps of the invention are as follows:
1. the blast furnace gas mud water or the converter sludge water with the water content of more than 90 percent is filtered by a plate filter press to form sludge with the water content of less than 20 percent, blast furnace gas ash or electric furnace dust is mixed to control the water content in the sludge between 12 and 15 percent, stirring and mixing in a stirrer, conveying the pug into a wheel mill, adding other corresponding reducing agent C, catalyst CaO, balling flocculant and the like while rolling, wherein the adding amount of the reducing agent C is 15-25 percent of the total amount, the adding amount of the catalyst CaO is 7-14 percent of the total amount, the adding amount of the balling flocculant is 0.5-2 percent of the total amount, the wheel rolling time is not less than 5 minutes, after the materials are fully mixed, conveying the materials to a ball press to press into pellets, conveying the pellets into a drying furnace, drying the water of the pellets within the temperature range of 873K-973K, and then putting the dried pellets into a heat-preservation buffer bin for later use.
2. Conveying the medium temperature pellets to an ultra-low zinc iron-containing dust and mud fuming recovery furnace by a belt for heating and reduction, obtaining molten iron and iron slag at the lower part of the furnace, separating the iron and the slag, casting the molten iron into iron blocks by a molten iron tank and a water quenching slag tray to replace scrap steel for steelmaking, quenching the slag by water, and using the iron blocks as a cement admixture, wherein zinc is completely reduced at the middle lower part of the furnace by zinc steam, CO2When the mixed gas flows to the upper part of the furnace body in a form of equal gas, the atmosphere in the furnace is mainly reduced in order to ensure that the zinc vapor is not oxidized any more, therefore, the material layer is formed by arranging pellets made of sludge and coke at intervals, the temperature of the flue gas is required to be kept above 1273K at the flue gas recovery position of the furnace, the furnace top adopts a high-temperature sealing technology, in the flue gas recovery system, the flue gas firstly enters a graphite electrode heating and reducing chamber to ensure that the zinc vapor, CO and CO are enabled to flow into the upper part of the furnace body2After the mixed gas is further reduced, when the gas passes through a graphite electrode heating reduction chamber, the mixed gas passes through a lead-rain condenser which is formed by a large amount of circulating lead liquid and splashes, furnace gas is quenched to a condensation temperature, and the activity of the condensed zinc is reduced by utilizing certain solubility of the zinc in the liquid lead, so that the zinc is prevented from being reduced by CO in the furnace gas2And oxidizing to obtain a lead-zinc mixture, distilling and separating to prepare pure zinc, and introducing the gas washed by the lead rain condenser, which mainly contains CO high-temperature gas, into a furnace gas recovery washing system for recovery and cyclic utilization.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the energy consumption is low, the zero emission of the iron-making and steel-making dust and mudcan be realized, and the problem of environmental pollution caused by the iron-making and steel-making dust and mud is thoroughly solved.
(IV) description of the drawings
The attached drawing is a process flow schematic diagram of the invention:
in the figure: 1-a stirrer, 2-a wheel mill, 3-a ball press, 4-a drying furnace, 5-a heat preservation buffer bin, 6-a high-temperature recovery furnace, 7-a hot metal tank and a water quenching slag tray, 8-a graphite electrode heating reduction chamber, 9-a lead rain condenser and 10-a furnace gas recovery and washing system.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
Example (b): referring to the attached drawings, the blast furnace gas muddy water or the converter sludge water with the water content of more than 90 percent is taken on site, the zinc content is 3.10 percent, the TFe content is 42.77 percent, the C content is 18.44 percent, filter-pressing the mixture into sludge with water content less than 20 percent by a plate filter press, doping blast furnace gas ash or electric furnace dust into the sludge to control the water content in the sludge between 12 and 15 percent, stirring and mixing in a stirrer 1, then conveying the pug into a wheel mill 2, adding other corresponding catalysts CaO, a balling flocculant and the like while rolling, wherein the adding amount of the catalyst is 6 percent of the total amount, the adding amount of the balling flocculant is 0.5 percent of the total amount, and the sludge contains 18.44 percent of C, so no reducing agent is added, the mixture is sent to a ball press machine 3 to be pressed into pellets after the wheel rolling time is 10 minutes, the pelletsare sent to a drying furnace 4, drying the water of the pellets in the temperature range of 873K-973K, and then putting the dried pellets into a heat-preservation buffer bin 5 for later use. Conveying the medium-temperature pellets to a high-temperature recovery furnace 6 by a belt for heating and reducing, obtaining molten iron and iron slag at the lower part of the furnace, casting the molten iron into iron blocks 7 after separating the iron and the slag, replacing scrap steel for steelmaking, quenching the slag with water, using the slag as a cement admixture, completely reducing zinc at the middle lower part of the furnace, and using zinc vapor, CO and CO2When the mixed gas flows to the upper part of the furnace body in a form of equal gas, the atmosphere in the furnace is mainly reduced in order to ensure that the zinc vapor is not oxidized any more, therefore, the material layer is formed by placing pellets made of sludge and coke at intervals, the temperature of the flue gas is required to be kept above 1273K at the flue gas recovery position of the furnace, the furnace top adopts a high-temperature sealing technology, in the flue gas recovery system, the flue gas firstly enters a graphite electrode heating and reducing chamber 8 to ensure that the zinc vapor, CO and CO are heated and reduced in a furnace top mode, and the furnace top2The mixed gas is further reduced, after the gas passes through a graphite electrode heating reduction chamber, the mixed gas passes through a lead rain condenser 9 which is formed by a large amount of circulating lead liquid and splashes, furnace gas is quenched to a condensation temperature, and the activity of the condensed zinc is reduced by utilizing certain solubility of the zinc in the liquid lead, so that the condition that the activity of the condensed zinc is reduced is ensuredZinc is not carried by CO in furnace gas2And oxidizing to obtain a lead-zinc mixture, distilling and separating, wherein the gas washed by the splashing lead rain 9 contains about 20% of CO and is low-calorific-value coal gas, and is recycled by a furnace gas recycling and washing system 10 to be used as preheating blast. The treated pellet contains 0.04% of zinc and the zinc removal rate reaches 95.3%.

Claims (4)

1. The recovery processing technology of the iron-making and steel-making ultra-low zinc dust mud comprises the collection of the mud and the dust, and is characterized by comprising the following process steps: sufficient reducing agent, catalyst and balling agent are added into the ultra-low zinc (Zn is less than 10 percent) and the iron-containing (Fe is 30 to 50 percent) sludge and dust generated in the iron-making or steel-making process, the mixture is fully and uniformly mixed and pressed into pellets with certain strength, the pellets are directly heated and reduced by fuel by utilizing an ultra-low zinc iron-containing dust and mud fuming recovery furnace, and finally, molten iron and a recovered crude zinc product are obtained.
2. The process for recycling and treating the ultralow zinc dust and mud in iron making and steel making according to claim 1 is characterized in that ① blast furnace gas mud water or converter sludge water containing more than 90% of water is subjected to filter pressing through a plate filter press to form sludge containing less than 20% of water, ② blast furnace gas dust or electric furnace dust is mixed into the sludge to control the water content in the sludge to be between 12% and 15%, the mixture is stirred and mixed in a stirrer [1], ③ then the sludge is conveyed to a wheel mill [2]while other corresponding reducing agents C, catalysts CaO, balling flocculants and the like are added, the adding amount of the reducing agents C is 15 to 25% of the total amount, the adding amount of the catalysts CaO is 7 to 14% of the total amount, the adding amount of the balling flocculants is 0.5 to 2% of the total amount, the material is conveyed to a ball mill [3]for pressing into pellets after being sufficiently and uniformly mixed, ④ the pellets are conveyed to a drying furnace [4], the water is dried in a ball mill [5]at a temperature range of 873K to be used.
3. Iron and steel making ultra-low zinc dust and sludge recovery system as claimed in claim 1The collecting and treating process is characterized in that the pellet heating and reducing process is specifically characterized in that ① conveys the standby intermediate-temperature pellets to an ultra-low zinc iron-containing dust and mud fuming recovery furnace through a belt [6]]The molten iron and the iron slag are obtained at the lower part of the furnace by medium heating reduction, and the molten iron and the slag are separated and then pass through a molten iron tank and a water quenching slag tray [7]]Casting molten iron into iron blocks to replace scrap steel, quenching slag to obtain cement admixture ② in the lower part of the furnace, reducing zinc completely with zinc vapor, CO and CO2When the mixed gas flows to the upper part of the furnace body in a form of equal gas, the atmosphere in the furnace is mainly reduced in order to ensure that the zinc vapor is not oxidized any more, ③, therefore, the material layer is formed by arranging pellets made of sludge and coke at intervals, the temperature of ④ flue gas is required to be kept above 1273K at the flue gas recovery position of the furnace, the furnace top adopts a high-temperature sealing technology, and in a ⑤ flue gas recovery system, the flue gas firstly enters a graphite electrode heating reduction chamber [8]]Making zinc vapor, CO2The mixed gas is further reduced, and after the gas passes through a graphite electrode heating reduction chamber (8), the mixed gas passes through a lead rain condenser (9) formed by a large amount of circulating lead liquid]Quenching the furnace gas to a condensation temperature, and reducing the activity of the condensed zinc by utilizing a certain solubility of the zinc in the liquid lead, thereby ensuring that the zinc is not absorbed by CO in the furnace gas2Oxidizing to obtain lead-zinc mixture, distilling and separating to obtain pure zinc, ⑥ passing through lead rain condenser [9]to wash the gas, mainly containing CO high temperature gas, entering furnace gas recovery washing system [10]]And recycling and reusing.
4. The iron-making and steel-making ultra-low zinc dust and sludge recovery processing technology as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that: the coke is preheated to 1073K-1400K before entering the furnace, and the temperature of the air blown into the furnace is controlled to 1200K-1400K.
CNA021361916A 2002-07-25 2002-07-25 Steel making and iron making superlow zine dust recovery and treatment process Pending CN1470657A (en)

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102031361A (en) * 2009-09-30 2011-04-27 鞍钢股份有限公司 Method for comprehensively treating and utilizing dust sludge
CN102270777A (en) * 2010-06-03 2011-12-07 林秋丰 Reduction method for zinc oxide of zinc-air fuel cell
CN102534199A (en) * 2012-01-18 2012-07-04 中南大学 Comprehensive utilization process of zinc-containing iron dust
CN103740939A (en) * 2013-12-27 2014-04-23 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 Method for producing molten iron and recovering zinc by utilizing zinc-containing dust or sludge in steelworks
CN104276842A (en) * 2013-07-03 2015-01-14 济南大学 Ironmaking sludge based particle electrode and preparation method thereof
CN104276845A (en) * 2013-07-03 2015-01-14 济南大学 Gas mud based particle electrode and preparation method thereof
CN105447514A (en) * 2015-11-18 2016-03-30 北京航空航天大学 Metal identification method based on information entropy
CN105838876A (en) * 2016-05-10 2016-08-10 北京科技大学 Method for recovering and treating zinc-containing dust through blast furnace slag sensible heat
CN106399675A (en) * 2016-09-27 2017-02-15 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 Sintering agglomeration method for titanium concentrate and consolidation agent applied in same
CN106853982A (en) * 2017-01-20 2017-06-16 河北长力金属制品有限公司 A kind of preparation method of high-purity zinc oxide
CN107641711A (en) * 2017-11-20 2018-01-30 宝钢集团新疆八钢铁有限公司 Utilize steel rolling oily sludge and the method for blast furnace dust production revolving furnace slag pressing agent
CN109385534A (en) * 2018-12-17 2019-02-26 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 Processing method containing zinc and alkali halide dust
CN109536700A (en) * 2018-11-26 2019-03-29 贵州大学 A method of comprehensive utilization steel-making dust enriched iron
CN114262619A (en) * 2022-01-06 2022-04-01 大连理工大学 Device and method for preparing high-content straight-chain alkane product by low-consumption pyrolysis of modified dust and mud compatible oily sludge

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102031361B (en) * 2009-09-30 2013-03-13 鞍钢股份有限公司 Method for comprehensively treating and utilizing dust sludge
CN102031361A (en) * 2009-09-30 2011-04-27 鞍钢股份有限公司 Method for comprehensively treating and utilizing dust sludge
CN102270777A (en) * 2010-06-03 2011-12-07 林秋丰 Reduction method for zinc oxide of zinc-air fuel cell
CN102534199A (en) * 2012-01-18 2012-07-04 中南大学 Comprehensive utilization process of zinc-containing iron dust
CN104276845B (en) * 2013-07-03 2016-04-20 济南大学 A kind of gas mud basal granule sub-electrode and preparation method thereof
CN104276842A (en) * 2013-07-03 2015-01-14 济南大学 Ironmaking sludge based particle electrode and preparation method thereof
CN104276845A (en) * 2013-07-03 2015-01-14 济南大学 Gas mud based particle electrode and preparation method thereof
CN104276842B (en) * 2013-07-03 2016-12-07 济南大学 A kind of ironmaking sludge basal granule sub-electrode and preparation method thereof
CN103740939A (en) * 2013-12-27 2014-04-23 中冶京诚工程技术有限公司 Method for producing molten iron and recovering zinc by utilizing zinc-containing dust or sludge in steelworks
CN105447514A (en) * 2015-11-18 2016-03-30 北京航空航天大学 Metal identification method based on information entropy
CN105447514B (en) * 2015-11-18 2018-11-23 北京航空航天大学 A kind of metal recognition methods based on comentropy
CN105838876A (en) * 2016-05-10 2016-08-10 北京科技大学 Method for recovering and treating zinc-containing dust through blast furnace slag sensible heat
CN106399675A (en) * 2016-09-27 2017-02-15 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 Sintering agglomeration method for titanium concentrate and consolidation agent applied in same
CN106399675B (en) * 2016-09-27 2018-11-16 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 A kind of consolidating agent of the sintering for agglumeration method and its application of ilmenite concentrate
CN106853982A (en) * 2017-01-20 2017-06-16 河北长力金属制品有限公司 A kind of preparation method of high-purity zinc oxide
CN107641711A (en) * 2017-11-20 2018-01-30 宝钢集团新疆八钢铁有限公司 Utilize steel rolling oily sludge and the method for blast furnace dust production revolving furnace slag pressing agent
CN109536700A (en) * 2018-11-26 2019-03-29 贵州大学 A method of comprehensive utilization steel-making dust enriched iron
CN109385534A (en) * 2018-12-17 2019-02-26 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 Processing method containing zinc and alkali halide dust
CN114262619A (en) * 2022-01-06 2022-04-01 大连理工大学 Device and method for preparing high-content straight-chain alkane product by low-consumption pyrolysis of modified dust and mud compatible oily sludge

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