Background technology
At present, synthetic high polymer is usually through for example polymerisation in bulk of various polymerisations, polymerisation in solution, polymerisation such as emulsion polymerisation or suspension polymerisation prepares various high polymers, yet the polymerizate that obtains through various polymerisations, its viscosity is generally very high, but all contain all kinds of solvents that in polymerization process, uses, water, various auxiliary agents, and unreacted monomer and byproduct of reaction, must carry out so-called post processing, with above-mentioned solvent, water, the floor level of impact polymer performance not or environmental requirement is removed or be reduced to material such as unreacted monomer and auxiliary agent from polymer, the process that removes these materials is called the devolatilisation process, is called for short devolatilization.Along with social progress and the people attention to environmental protection, to the solvent free improvement, some waterborne polymerics have also proposed stricter devolatilization requirement to many polymerization processes.On the other hand, sometimes for the needs on some modification and the processing technology, in polymer melt or logistics, add some low molecular compounds, so that polymer and other inorganic, organic reinforcers and the various various additives that help to process or make processed mixture have required final performance carry out is mixing, and behind mixing process, need these unwanted volatizable material are separated.In addition, some technological requirement is used and the immiscible low boilers of polymer, the auxiliary agent that needs in the product etc. is separated after the dissolving from the polymer of thickness, as adopt existing common technical process and equipment, flow process complexity then, equipment is huge, wastes time and energy, and producing a large amount of waste liquids, these processes all require to use new technology and equipment to improve.
" flash distillation exhaust technique " is to realize a kind of effective ways of " devolatilization ".It is by the screw rod function, make polymer fluid be in high pressure and be higher than the state of volatile ingredient boiling temperature, enter exhaust section, when this pressure reduces suddenly or is negative pressure, under bigger flash distillation motive force effect, for example low boilers, moisture and low-molecular material sharply gasify, and break through the resistance of melt parcel and discharge outside the body with gaseous state.The process of this " flash distillation exhaust " can make the interior remaining volatile content of melt reduce to minimum through repeatedly repeating.
In the double screw extruder that uses,, rotation and incorgruous rotation are in the same way arranged at present usually according to the direction of rotation of two screw rods; And engagement type, two types of double screw extruders of non-engagement type are arranged according to the screw engages mode.These two types of double screw extruders are effective equipment of can high efficiency finishing the processes such as chemical reaction, blended homogenizing, devolatilization, washing and cohesion of various middle and high viscosity logistics systems.But co-rotating twin screw extruder is big to the material shear action, to some performance such as hot strength, the tearing toughness of product, stretch modulus etc. surely and have adverse influence.Incorgruous non-engaging twin-screw extruder self-cleaning is relatively poor, carries weak effect, causes residence time of material long, and the dispersion Combination is relatively poor, and some performance of product is also had adverse influence.Therefore limited their aborning application separately.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective of double screw extruder in the above-mentioned prior art, collect the experience accumulation of being engaged in double screw extruder design, exploitation, research and a large amount of suitability for industrialized production and application practice for many years through the inventor, develop a kind of double screw extruder that is used for middle and high viscosity system with best devolatilization, mixing and conveying effect.
Provided by the invention being used for, the double screw extruder of high viscosity systems comprises drive motors 1, shaft coupling 2, gear-box 3, charging system 4, mixing and conveying system 5, gas extraction system 6 and extrude pelletizing system 7, machine barrel 11, it is characterized in that placing on two screw rods 8 in the machine barrel and engagement type screwing element 9 and non-engagement type screwing element 10 are arranged with any permutation and combination method while tandem, but two screw rod cocurrent and parallel rotations or incorgruous flat to rotation, screw diameter is 15~400mm, be preferably 15~300mm, the screw rod effective L D ratio is 8~100, be preferably 12~60, screw rod centre-to-centre spacing is 15~400mm, the screw engages degree of depth 3~70mm, pitch 8~550mm, screw head several 1~6, engagement type screwing element and the total length of non-engagement type screwing element are than 0.2~100 in the machine barrel, the main ingredient charge door of described charging system is 1~6, the devolatilization exhaust (liquid) of described devolatilization exhaust (liquid) system mouthful quantity is 1~5, and the quantity and the position of charge door and devolatilization exhaust (liquid) mouth can be arranged on the diverse location of machine barrel according to the needs of technical process.
Be used for according to provided by the invention, in the double screw extruder of high viscosity systems, place on two screw rods in the machine barrel with any permutation and combination method tandem engagement type screwing element and non-engagement type screwing element simultaneously, be meant the number that to adjust assembled arrangement engagement or non-engagement type screwing element according to arts demand, length and ordering etc., for example comprise the combination of or one group of engagement type screwing element and one or one group non-engagement type screwing element, the combination of one or one group of non-engagement type screwing element and one or one group engagement type screwing element, the combination of engagement type screwing element-non-engagement type screwing element-engagement type screwing element, non-engagement type screwing element-engagement type screwing element-non-engagement type screwing element and Multiple Combination arrangement etc., for example when conveying that needs strength imparting material or shear effect, can arrange the engagement type screwing element and suitably increase its length; When needing the exhaust effect of strength imparting material, can arrange non-engagement type screwing element and suitably increase its length.Again in conjunction with the two screw rods direction of rotation in the same way or incorgruous, constitute the distinctive double screw extruder that significantly is different from prior art of the present invention thus, have the series of double screw extruder efficiently of best devolatilization, blending and conveying effect.Describedly place two screw rods in the machine barrel can adopt as shown in Figure 2 two kinds of connected modes, a kind of is various engagement type screwing elements 9 of tandem or non-engagement type screwing element 10 on mandrel 12, and another kind is that engagement type screwing element 9 or non-engagement type screw element 10 are directly by being threaded.Two screw rods must be arranged in the same way identical screwing element in identical position, wherein engagement type screwing element and the total length of non-engagement type screwing element are than changing according to the process conditions such as the variations such as temperature, pressure of applicable system, generally in 0.2~100 scope; Length, number and the ordering of each section engagement simultaneously and non-engagement type screwing element depends primarily on the technical process and the condition of institute's applicable system, for example the form of screwing element is as engagement or non-engagement type, charging aperture position, the number set, as 1~6, charging rate and temperature, factors such as each zone temperatures, pressure and devolatilization exhaust port pressure.Described devolatilization exhaust (liquid) system can be according to character that is excluded material and product needed, 1~5 in one or more snippets devolatilization exhaust (liquid) section and corresponding devolatilization exhaust (liquid) mouth is set, for example the first devolatilization exhaust (liquid) section is carried out the pre-devolatilization of normal pressure or pressurization, second exhaust section carries out the secondary devolatilization under the vacuum etc., makes that fugitive constituent reaches the product specification requirement in the final products.According to the applicable system arts demand, also can intert the suitable general utility functions screwing element of cooperation at the interelement of the same type of engagement and non-thread engagement interelement or engagement, non-engagement, as cylinder, inverse block, gear block etc., make double screw extruder group of the present invention can be widely used in various polymerisations and various arts demands such as polymer modification, devolatilization, washing and cohesion, can adapt in the current production processes of polyalcohol " become more meticulous ", the requirement of " greenization " development trend.
A scheme that is used for the double screw extruder of middle and high viscosity system provided by the invention is the double screw extruder of non-engagement type screwing element of incorgruous rotation and the combination of engagement type screwing element, as Fig. 3.Promptly the leading portion at Heterodromy double-screw extruder adopts non-engagement type screwing element to carry out the devolatilization processing, make it have good mixing property, shear little to material, material surface regeneration area is big, the capacious characteristics in region of engagement, make it have the big free volume of steam, be easy to realize the optimum efficiency of exhaust devolatilization at exhaust section; Adopt the engagement type screwing element at back segment, utilize its good transportation performance and self-cleaning effect, the material after avoiding devolatilization is finished is stranded in the cylindrical shell for a long time.This shows, this counter rotation twin screw extruder by engagement type screwing element and the combination of non-engagement type screwing element has had both the advantage of engagement type and two kinds of counter rotation twin screw extruders of non-engagement type, overcome shortcoming separately simultaneously, on a counter rotation twin screw extruder, realized the dual-use function characteristics of two kinds of double screw extruders in the prior art.
Another scheme that is used for the double screw extruder of middle and high viscosity system provided by the invention is the Heterodromy double-screw extruder of incorgruous rotation engagement type screwing element+incorgruous non-engagement type screwing element+incorgruous engagement type screwing element combination, as Fig. 4.Promptly the leading portion at Heterodromy double-screw extruder adopts the engagement type screwing element to strengthen the charging conveying, reaches the effect of optimal transport performance, and increases the material shear action, makes it rapid intensification; The stage casing is adopted non-engagement type screwing element to carry out devolatilization and is handled, and makes it have good mixing property, shears little to material, material surface regeneration area is big, the capacious characteristics in region of engagement make it have the big free volume of steam at exhaust section, strengthen the effect of exhaust devolatilization; Back segment after devolatilization is finished adopts the engagement type screwing element, utilizes its good transportation performance and self-cleaning effect, and the material after devolatilization is finished transfers out body as early as possible.The extruder that this compound mode constitutes possesses the advantage of engagement type and two kinds of counter rotation twin screw extruders of non-engagement type simultaneously, has overcome shortcoming separately, realizes the dual-use function characteristics of two kinds of double screw extruders in the prior art on a double screw extruder.This structure also can be applicable to the washing process of material, as Fig. 5, material E adds from A section charge door, adopting the engagement type screwing element to strengthen charging carries, inject washing agent F at B section rear portion, as water, low-molecular materials such as alcohol, soluble impurity in the product is separated with insoluble product, the B section is non-engagement type screwing element, the miscible cleaning function time is long, because the C section is the region of engagement, melt pressure is greater than the non-region of engagement of B section, low viscous wash solution can flow to the B section, B section top is provided with a twin-screw filter D, and the low viscosity solution G after the washing can be forced to extract out by filter, and the twin-screw filter stops full-bodied material to be drawn out of simultaneously, screw rod continues forward material, accelerates in C section region of engagement to carry.Such double screw extruder can be finished this technical process that is called " washing " or removes low-molecular material in the polymer efficiently, and can save the washer solvent more than 90%.
The operation principle that clearance meshing screwing elements such as employing of the present invention combine with non-thread engagement element, the advantage of comprehensive utilization co-rotating twin screw extruder and Heterodromy double-screw extruder, engagement type screwing element and non-engagement type screwing element are combined on same the extruder, make the double screw extruder of this structure of new generation have each advantage of engagement type double screw extruder and non-engagement type double screw extruder simultaneously, avoided the deficiency of various types again, make material in machine barrel, have best time of staying distribution and optimal stress, time of staying distribution character is a key factor that influences the final quality of product, makes that like this quality of final products is an optimization.
The invention provides the double screw extruder series that is used for middle and high viscosity system and can high efficiencyly finish the processes such as chemical reaction, blended homogenizing, devolatilization, washing and cohesion of various middle and high viscosity logistics systems such as resin, elastomer, adhesive, coating etc., and make the polymer melt of having finished the devolatilization process discharge body rapidly, avoid long-time in machine barrel, the stop and influence the quality of product.Because the engagement and the optimum organization of two kinds of screwing elements of non-engagement, the whole system production cost is low, and production procedure lack, can be gathered multi-function in integral whole, the production efficiency height, to produce the three wastes few, good product quality, and be easy to realize serialization and maximization production.
A kind of being used for middle and high viscosity provided by the invention is that the chemical reaction of system of feature and the twin-screw that removes remaining low-molecular material squeeze machine and go out equipment, mainly is applicable to the reaction of macromolecular material in plastics, rubber, coating and the adhesives industry, mixing, washing and devolatilization process.Be particularly useful for reaction, mixing, washing, cohesion and the devolatilization of the heterogeneous system that body, solution and emulsion polymerisation form.
The specific embodiment
The present invention further specifies the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with following specific embodiments, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to specific embodiments.The double screw extruder that is used for middle and high viscosity system provided by the invention comprises drive motors 1, shaft coupling 2, gear-box 3, charging system 4, carry hybrid system 5, devolatilization gas extraction system 6 and extrude pelletizing system 7, described conveying hybrid system 5 mainly is made up of cylindrical shell 11, screw mandrel 12, screwing element 9,10, screw rod temperature control system (not shown).Motor 1 is sent to gear-box 3 by shaft coupling 2 with power, and gear-box 3 is connected to for two output shafts, output shaft to carry hybrid system 5, output shaft to drive screw mandrel with in the same way or incorgruous rotation power distribution.The present embodiment has been used the Heterodromy double-screw extruder of screw diameter as 80mm.The screw rod effective L D ratio is 60, and machine barrel divides 10 sections temperature controls, and screw rod centre-to-centre spacing is 80mm, and depth of thread engagement is 9mm, pitch is 80mm, and screw head is several 1~2, and 2 of charge doors are set, 3 of devolatilization exhaust outlets, the engagement type screwing element is 2: 3 with the ratio of non-engagement type screwing element in the machine barrel, as Fig. 3.Power supply is connected in the operation beginning earlier, each zone temperatures is set, heat up, when treating that barrel temperature reaches design temperature, starter motor, under suitable temperature and pressure condition, 50% MPS ethylbenzene solution added by certain speed and become owner of in the charge door, in preceding 6 sections cylindrical shells, arrange non-engagement type screwing element, at the 5th section cylindrical shell first exhaust outlet is set and carries out pre-devolatilization, can remove 50%~60% fugitive constituent, at the 6th section cylindrical shell second charge door is set, add and help the devolatilization agent, in the 7th to the 10th section cylindrical shell, arrange the engagement type screwing element, second exhaust outlet is set at the 7th section cylindrical shell, remove 40%~30% fugitive constituent, the product utilization engagement type screwing element that has removed a large amount of fugitive constituents accelerates to extrude transporting velocity, and finishes removing of last a small amount of fugitive constituent at the 3rd exhaust outlet of the 9th section cylindrical shell, meet the requirements of product from discharging opening to extruding pelletization system 7, finish whole process, the finished product volatile content can reach 0.03%.