CN1458723B - Power source protector - Google Patents
Power source protector Download PDFInfo
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- CN1458723B CN1458723B CN 02119351 CN02119351A CN1458723B CN 1458723 B CN1458723 B CN 1458723B CN 02119351 CN02119351 CN 02119351 CN 02119351 A CN02119351 A CN 02119351A CN 1458723 B CN1458723 B CN 1458723B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power supply protection device includes a switch unit for switching off AC supply in line with the current break control signal, a burst wave protection unit for outputting the current break control signal when burst wave occurs, a current leakage protection unit for outputting the current break control signal during current leakage, and an overcurrent protection unit for outputting the currentbreak control signal based on the current value or energy when overcurrent happens. This invention has the functions of burst wave, current leakage and overcurrent protections, as compared with traditional protection device, the power supply protection device has smaller volume and lower cost for providing more accurate, safer protection by overcurrent detection based on energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of apparatus for protecting power supply.
Background technology
Along with making rapid progress of science and technology, electrical appliance is also more and more relied in grass-roots daily life for counsel, and for example computer, washing machine, microwave oven, air conditioner and refrigerator or the like bring the greatest convenience of the common people and improved the quality of life.Yet The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it up, and along with power consumption increases, possible danger also is bigger.Unusual phenomenon takes place in general electricity consumption overcurrent (overload), leakage current (leakage) and surging (surge).Overcurrent is meant that the total electricity of employed electrical equipment is excessive, the danger that causes live wire to cock off.Leakage current often betides high humidity environment, as the bathroom etc., makes the electric current human body of flowing through cause electric shock, and the sensation of electric shock is generally promptly arranged more than 8mA.Surging is meant has of short duration high pressure to occur suddenly, causes electrical equipment to be damaged.The conventional power source protective device is to develop corresponding apparatus for protecting power supply separately at these abnormity of power supply phenomenons; for example constitute surge protection means to avoid the surging infringement, form protective device for the also useful fuse of overcurrent, mechanical type overcurrent switch (Mechanical Overload Switch) or with the circuit method for detecting in addition with fuse (fuse).Yet the conventional power source protective device only can be protected a kind of problem in the problems referred to above respectively; if need multiple abnormity of power supply phenomenon had the apparatus for protecting power supply that protective effect then need be purchased multiple difference in functionality simultaneously; make purchase cost increase, also increased the difficulty of construction power protection system.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to propose a kind of apparatus for protecting power supply that can have protective effect to multiple abnormity of power supply phenomenon simultaneously.
Technical scheme provided by the present invention is: a kind of apparatus for protecting power supply, it comprises power switch unit and a plurality of abnormity of power supply phenomenon protected location, as surging protected location, leakage current protected location and overcurrent protection unit etc.Wherein, power switch unit and AC power couple, in order to cut off the power supply of AC power according to the control signal that opens circuit.Surging protected location and AC power and power switch unit couple, and in order to avoiding the generation of surging, the voltage that detects AC power when the surging protected location is during greater than the surging threshold value, and the surging protected location is promptly exported the control signal that opens circuit.Leakage current protected location and AC power and power switch unit couple; in order to avoid AC power to produce leakage current; wherein; the leakage current protected location receives the live wire of AC power and the electric current difference between the ground wire; and with the leakage current threshold value relatively; if the difference of the current value of live wire and ground wire greater than the leakage current threshold value, is promptly exported the control signal that opens circuit.Overcurrent protection unit and AC power and power switch unit couple, and produce overcurrent in order to avoid AC power, and wherein, whether the overcurrent protection unit exports the control signal that opens circuit according to the current value of AC power output or the energy decision of AC power output.
Apparatus for protecting power supply disclosed in this invention can have protective effect as surging, leakage current, overcurrent etc. simultaneously simultaneously to multiple abnormity of power supply phenomenon, and is littler compared with the volume of conventional power source protective device, more can save cost.And can also carry out overcurrent detecting according to energy for overcurrent, thereby more accurate safe protection can be provided.
Description of drawings
For the present invention's above-mentioned purpose, feature and advantage can be become apparent, a preferred embodiment cited below particularly, and cooperate appended graphicly, elaborate.
Fig. 1 is the circuit block diagram of preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the further detailed circuit calcspar of preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The number in the figure explanation:
100: apparatus for protecting power supply 160: the overcurrent protection unit
110: power switch unit 164: analog/digital converter
120: surging protected location 166: integrator
122: voltage sensor 170: the overload time calculator
124,144,168: noise filter 20 172: the abnormal time calculator
126: surging comparator 174: comparator immediately
140: leakage current protected location 176: unusual comparator
142,162: current inductor 178: the overload comparator
146: leakage current compares 180: appliance and electronic
Embodiment
Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, it is depicted as the calcspar of a kind of apparatus for protecting power supply of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.Apparatus for protecting power supply 100 couples with AC power AC and appliance and electronic 180, in order to cut off the electricity supply when unusual power supply takes place with protection appliance and electronic 180.Apparatus for protecting power supply 100 comprises power switch unit 110, surging protected location 120, leakage current protected location 140, overcurrent protection unit 160.Power switch unit 110 couples with AC power AC, when power switch unit 110 receives the power supply that the control signal C that opens circuit promptly cuts off AC power AC.
Surging protected location 120 couples with AC power AC and power switch unit 110, in order to avoid the generation of surging.This surging protected location 120 receives the voltage of AC power AC, AC power AC voltage and surging threshold value Sth is compared, if AC power AC voltage greater than surging threshold value Sth, is promptly exported the control signal C that opens circuit.
Leakage current protected location 140 couples with AC power AC and power switch unit 110, produces leakage current in order to avoid AC power AC.The current value that this leakage current protected location 140 receives between live wire F and ground wire G is if the difference of the electric current between live wire F and ground wire G greater than leakage current threshold value Lth, is promptly exported the control signal C that opens circuit.
Please refer to Fig. 2, it is depicted as apparatus for protecting power supply 100 further detailed block diagram.AC power AC comprises live wire F and ground wire G.Surging protected location 120 comprises voltage sensor 122, noise filter 124 and surging comparator 126.Voltage sensor 122 couples with AC power AC, in order to the voltage of reception AC power AC and via being converted to voltage signal Ds behind the noise filter 124 filtration noises.Surging comparator 126 is in order to comparative voltage signal Ds and surging threshold value Sth, if voltage signal Ds promptly exports the control signal C that opens circuit greater than surging threshold value Sth.Wherein, surging comparator 126 is a digital comparator.
Leakage current protected location 140 comprises current inductor 142, noise filter 144 and leakage current comparator 146.Current inductor 142 couples with AC power AC, in order to receiving the current value of live wire F and ground wire G, and exports noise filter 144 to, output leakage current amplifying signal A behind noise filter 144 filtration noises after the difference amplification with the electric current of live wire F and ground wire G.Leakage current comparator 146 couples with power switch unit 110, in order to compare leakage current amplifying signal A and leakage current threshold value Lth, if leakage current amplifying signal A promptly exports the control signal C that opens circuit greater than leakage current threshold value Lth.Generally speaking, human body promptly has the sensation of electric shock for the electric current between the 8mA to 22mA, so leakage current threshold value Lth can be corresponding to it this interval.Wherein, leakage current comparator 146 is analog comparator.
Therefore and the electric current between 10A to 20A still is unlikely to cause danger in blink, can look the energy of being accumulated in a period of time and determines to take the safeguard measure of unusual or long term overloading of short time.For example time of promptly existing greater than the electric current tolerable of 18A time of existing of the electric current tolerable of 12A, therefore determining whether cutting off the power supply according to the energy that is discharged in a period of time to obtain better protection effect.Present embodiment is by unusual element of short time and long term overloading element; calculate the energy that AC power AC is discharged in short time interval Ts and long-time interval T l respectively; with this as the foundation that whether opens circuit; so that the safeguard measure of unusual and long term overloading of short time to be provided, and be not limited to be divided into two kinds of time intervals.
Unusual element of short time comprises current inductor 162, analog/digital converter 164, integrator 166, abnormal time calculator 172 and unusual amplifier 176.Integrator 166 receiving digital signals Da, with after digital signal Da square to time interval Δ t integration, with output energy signal E.Abnormal time calculator 172 received energy signal E calculate energy SI and output that a short time interval Ts is accumulated.Unusual comparator 176 is in order to compare energy SI and unusual threshold value OS, if energy SI greater than unusual threshold value OS, promptly exports the control signal C that opens circuit.Wherein, short time interval Ts is approximately between 3 seconds to 5 seconds.
The long term overloading element comprises current inductor 162, analog/digital converter 164, integrator 166, overload time calculator 170 and overload comparator 178.Overload time calculator 170 received energy signal E, and calculate energy LI and the output that long-time interval T l accumulates.Overload comparator 178 is in order to compare energy LI and overload current threshold value OL; If energy LI promptly exports the control signal C that opens circuit greater than overload current threshold value OL.Wherein, long-time interval T l is approximately between 3 minutes to 5 minutes.Wherein, current inductor in this example 162 and analog/digital converter 164 are by breaking element, unusual element of short time and long term overloading element are shared immediately; Integrator 166 is shared by unusual element of short time and long term overloading element institute.
Traditional apparatus for protecting power supply can provide surging protection, leakage current protection to need to be made up of the apparatus for protecting power supply of three various objectives with the purpose of overcurrent protection if need reach; and the present invention can be integrated these three kinds of apparatus for protecting power supply; therefore volume can be reduced, more cost can be saved.And overcurrent protection of the present invention unit can according to the energy that is consumed in the time interval what as whether unusual basis for estimation, therefore can provide more accurate safer function of power protection.
Claims (19)
1. an apparatus for protecting power supply couples with an AC power, and this AC power comprises a live wire and a ground wire, it is characterized in that: this device comprises
One power switch unit couples with this AC power, in order to cut off this ac power supply according to the control signal that opens circuit;
One leakage current protected location, couple with this AC power and this power switch unit, in order to avoid this AC power to produce leakage current, wherein, this leakage current protected location receives the current value of this live wire and this ground wire and compares with a leakage current threshold value, if the current value difference of this live wire and this ground wire is promptly exported this control signal that opens circuit greater than this leakage current threshold value; This leakage current protected location comprises:
One current inductor couples with this AC power, in order to export one second current value according to the live wire of this AC power and the electric current difference of ground wire; And
One leakage current comparator receives this second current value, if this second current value is promptly exported this control signal that opens circuit greater than this leakage current threshold value;
One overcurrent protection unit, couple with this AC power and this power switch unit, in order to avoid this AC power to produce overcurrent, wherein, whether this overcurrent protection unit exports this control signal that opens circuit according to one of the current value of this AC power output and energy of this AC power output with decision; This overcurrent protection unit comprises:
One assembly that cuts off the power supply immediately, when this component inspection that cuts off the power supply immediately to the current value of this AC power greater than one immediately during threshold value, promptly export this control signal that opens circuit, this assembly that cuts off the power supply immediately comprises:
One current inductor couples with this AC power, in order to export one first current value of this AC power;
One analog/digital converter receives this first current value and is converted to a digital signal; And
One comparator immediately couples with this analog/digital converter and this power switch unit, in order to this digital signal relatively and this threshold value immediately, if this digital signal greater than this immediately threshold value promptly export this control signal that opens circuit.
2. apparatus for protecting power supply according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this assembly that cuts off the power supply immediately comprises that also a noise filter element is with this digital signal filtering noise information.
3. apparatus for protecting power supply according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: this overcurrent protection unit comprises unusual assembly of a short time; the energy of exporting in a short time interval to this AC power when unusual component inspection of this short time is during greater than a unusual threshold value; promptly export this control signal that opens circuit, this short time, unusual assembly comprised
One current inductor couples with this AC power, in order to export one first current value of this AC power;
One analog/digital converter receives this first current value and is converted to a digital signal;
One integrator receives this digital signal, with after the digital signal square to a time interval integral, to export an energy signal;
One abnormal time calculator receives this energy signal, calculates a short time energy and output that a short time interval is accumulated; And
One unusual comparator is in order to relatively should a short time energy and a unusual threshold value, if this short time energy is promptly exported this control signal that opens circuit greater than this unusual threshold value.
4. apparatus for protecting power supply according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: this overcurrent protection unit comprises a long term overloading assembly; when this long term overloading component inspection to this AC power one long-time at interval in the energy of output when transshipping threshold value greater than one; promptly export this control signal that opens circuit, this long term overloading assembly comprises
One current inductor couples with this AC power, in order to export one first current value of this AC power;
One analog/digital converter receives this first current value and is converted to a digital signal;
One integrator receives this digital signal, with after the digital signal square to a time interval integral, to export an energy signal;
One overload time calculator, the received energy signal calculates a long-time long-time energy of being accumulated at interval and an output; And
One overload comparator transships threshold value in order to this long-time energy relatively and this, promptly exports this control signal that opens circuit as if this long-time energy greater than this overload threshold value.
5. apparatus for protecting power supply according to claim 1 is characterized in that: this leakage current protected location also comprises the noise of a noise filter with this second current value of filtering.
6. an apparatus for protecting power supply couples with an AC power, and this AC power comprises a live wire and a ground wire, it is characterized in that: this device comprises
One power switch unit couples with this AC power, in order to open circuit control signal and cut off the power supply of this AC power according to one;
One surging protected location, couple with this AC power and this power switch unit, in order to avoiding the generation of surging, the voltage that detects this AC power when this surging protected location is during greater than a surging threshold value, and this surging protected location is promptly exported this control signal that opens circuit; This surging protected location comprises:
One voltage sensor is in order to the voltage that receives this AC power and be converted to a voltage signal; And
One surging comparator receives this voltage signal and this surging threshold value, if this voltage signal is promptly exported this control signal that opens circuit greater than this surging threshold value;
One leakage current protected location, couple with this AC power and this power switch unit, in order to avoid this AC power to produce leakage current, wherein, this leakage current protected location receives the current value of this live wire and this ground wire and compares with a leakage current threshold value, if the current value difference of this live wire and this ground wire is promptly exported this control signal that opens circuit greater than this leakage current threshold value; This leakage current protected location comprises:
One current inductor couples with this AC power, in order to export one second current value according to the live wire of this AC power and the electric current difference of ground wire; And
One leakage current comparator receives this second current value, if this second current value is promptly exported this control signal that opens circuit greater than this leakage current threshold value;
One overcurrent protection unit, couple with this AC power and this power switch unit, in order to avoid this AC power to produce overcurrent, wherein, whether this overcurrent protection unit exports this control signal that opens circuit according to one of the current value of this AC power output and energy of this AC power output with decision; This overcurrent protection unit comprises:
One assembly that cuts off the power supply immediately, when this component inspection that cuts off the power supply immediately to the current value of this AC power greater than one immediately during threshold value, promptly export this control signal that opens circuit, this assembly that cuts off the power supply immediately comprises:
One current inductor couples with this AC power, in order to export one first current value of this AC power;
One analog/digital converter receives this first current value and is converted to a digital signal; And
One comparator immediately couples with this analog/digital converter and this power switch unit, in order to this digital signal relatively and this threshold value immediately, if this digital signal greater than this immediately threshold value promptly export this control signal that opens circuit.
7. apparatus for protecting power supply according to claim 6 is characterized in that; This assembly that cuts off the power supply immediately comprises that also a noise filter element is with this digital signal filtering noise information.
8. apparatus for protecting power supply according to claim 6; it is characterized in that: this overcurrent protection unit comprises unusual assembly of a short time; the energy of exporting in a short time interval to this AC power when unusual component inspection of this short time is during greater than a unusual threshold value; promptly export this control signal that opens circuit, this short time, unusual assembly comprised:
One current inductor couples with this AC power, in order to export one first current value of this AC power;
One analog/digital converter receives this first current value and is converted to a digital signal;
One integrator receives this digital signal, with after the digital signal square to a time interval integral, to export an energy signal;
One abnormal time calculator receives this energy signal, calculates a short time energy and output that a short time interval is accumulated; And
One unusual comparator is in order to relatively should a short time energy and a unusual threshold value, if this short time energy is promptly exported this control signal that opens circuit greater than this unusual threshold value.
9. apparatus for protecting power supply according to claim 6; it is characterized in that: this overcurrent protection unit comprises a long term overloading assembly; when this long term overloading component inspection to this AC power in one long-time at interval in the energy of output when transshipping threshold value greater than one; promptly export this control signal that opens circuit, this long term overloading assembly comprises
One current inductor couples with this AC power, in order to export one first current value of this AC power;
One analog/digital converter receives this first current value and is converted to a digital signal;
One integrator receives this digital signal, with after the digital signal square to a time interval integral, to export an energy signal;
One overload time calculator receives this energy signal, calculates a long-time long-time energy of being accumulated at interval and an output; And
One overload comparator transships threshold value in order to this long-time energy relatively and, promptly exports this control signal that opens circuit as if this long-time energy greater than this overload threshold value.
10. apparatus for protecting power supply according to claim 6 is characterized in that: this leakage current protected location also comprises the noise of a noise filter with this second current value of filtering.
11. apparatus for protecting power supply according to claim 6 is characterized in that: this surging protected location also comprises the noise of a noise filter with this voltage signal of filtering.
12. an apparatus for protecting power supply couples with an AC power, this AC power comprises a live wire and a ground wire, it is characterized in that: this device comprises
One power switch unit couples with this AC power, in order to open circuit control signal and cut off the power supply of this AC power according to one;
One surging protected location, couple with this AC power and this power switch unit, in order to avoiding the generation of surging, the voltage that detects this AC power when this surging protected location is during greater than a surging threshold value, and this surging protected location is promptly exported this control signal that opens circuit; This surging protected location comprises:
One voltage sensor is in order to the voltage that receives this AC power and be converted to a voltage signal; And
One surging comparator receives this voltage signal and this surging threshold value, if this voltage signal is promptly exported this control signal that opens circuit greater than this surging threshold value;
One leakage current protected location, couple with this AC power and this power switch unit, in order to avoid this AC power to produce leakage current, wherein, this leakage current protected location receives the current value of this live wire and this ground wire and compares with a leakage current threshold value, if the difference of the current value of this live wire and this ground wire is promptly exported this control signal that opens circuit greater than this leakage current threshold value; This leakage current protected location comprises:
One current inductor couples with this AC power, in order to export one second current value according to the live wire of this AC power and the electric current difference of ground wire; And
One leakage current comparator receives this second current value, if this second current value is promptly exported this control signal that opens circuit greater than this leakage current threshold value.
13. apparatus for protecting power supply according to claim 12 is characterized in that: this leakage current protected location also comprises the noise of a noise filter with this second current value of filtering.
14. apparatus for protecting power supply according to claim 12 is characterized in that: this surging protected location also comprises the noise of a noise filter with this voltage signal of filtering.
15. an apparatus for protecting power supply couples with an AC power, this AC power comprises a live wire and a ground wire, it is characterized in that: this device comprises
One power switch unit couples with this AC power, in order to open circuit control signal and cut off the power supply of this AC power according to one;
One surging protected location, couple with this AC power and this power switch unit, in order to avoiding the generation of surging, the voltage that detects this AC power when this surging protected location is during greater than a surging threshold value, and this surging protected location is promptly exported this control signal that opens circuit; This surging protected location comprises
One voltage sensor is in order to the voltage that receives this AC power and be converted to a voltage signal; And
One surging comparator receives this voltage signal and this surging threshold value, if this voltage signal is promptly exported this control signal that opens circuit greater than this surging threshold value;
One overcurrent protection unit, couple with this AC power and this power switch unit, in order to avoid this AC power to produce overcurrent, wherein, whether this overcurrent protection unit exports this control signal that opens circuit according to one of the current value of this AC power output and energy of this AC power output with decision; This overcurrent protection unit comprises the assembly that cuts off the power supply immediately, when this component inspection that cuts off the power supply immediately to the current value of this AC power greater than one immediately during threshold value, promptly export this control signal that opens circuit, this assembly that cuts off the power supply immediately comprises
One current inductor couples with this AC power, in order to export one first current value of this AC power;
One analog/digital converter receives this first current value and is converted to a digital signal; And
One comparator immediately couples with this analog/digital converter and this power switch unit, in order to this digital signal relatively and this threshold value immediately, if this digital signal greater than this immediately threshold value promptly export this control signal that opens circuit.
16. apparatus for protecting power supply according to claim 15 is characterized in that: this assembly that cuts off the power supply immediately comprises that a noise filtering unit is with this digital signal filtering noise.
17. apparatus for protecting power supply according to claim 15; it is characterized in that: this overcurrent protection unit comprises unusual assembly of a short time; the energy of exporting in a short time interval to this AC power when unusual component inspection of this short time is during greater than a unusual threshold value; promptly export this control signal that opens circuit, this short time, unusual assembly comprised
One current inductor couples with this AC power, in order to export one first current value of this AC power;
One analog/digital converter receives this first current value and is converted to a digital signal;
One integrator receives this digital signal, with after the digital signal square to a time interval integral, to export an energy signal;
One abnormal time calculator receives this energy signal, calculates a short time energy and output that a short time interval is accumulated; And
One unusual comparator is in order to relatively should a short time energy and a unusual threshold value, if this short time energy is promptly exported this control signal that opens circuit greater than this unusual threshold value.
18. apparatus for protecting power supply according to claim 15; it is characterized in that: this overcurrent protection unit comprises a long term overloading assembly; when this long term overloading component inspection to this AC power in one long-time at interval in the energy of output when transshipping threshold value greater than one; promptly export this control signal that opens circuit, this long term overloading assembly comprises
One current inductor couples with this AC power, in order to export one first current value of this AC power;
One analog/digital converter receives this first current value and is converted to a digital signal;
One integrator receives this digital signal, with after the digital signal square to a time interval integral, to export an energy signal;
One overload time calculator receives this energy signal, calculates a long-time long-time energy of being accumulated at interval and an output; And
One overload comparator transships threshold value in order to this long-time energy relatively and, promptly exports this control signal that opens circuit as if this long-time energy greater than this overload threshold value.
19. apparatus for protecting power supply according to claim 15 is characterized in that: this surging protected location also comprises the noise of a noise filter with this voltage signal of filtering.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02119351 CN1458723B (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2002-05-13 | Power source protector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02119351 CN1458723B (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2002-05-13 | Power source protector |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1458723A CN1458723A (en) | 2003-11-26 |
| CN1458723B true CN1458723B (en) | 2011-06-22 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02119351 Expired - Lifetime CN1458723B (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2002-05-13 | Power source protector |
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| CN (1) | CN1458723B (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7342762B2 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2008-03-11 | Littelfuse, Inc. | Resettable circuit protection apparatus |
| CN103715661A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-04-09 | 柳州腾龙煤电科技股份有限公司 | Power supply protection device used in geological exploration field |
| CN105587674B (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2018-07-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of monitoring guard method of magnetic force pump power and device |
| CN104362583B (en) * | 2014-11-14 | 2019-03-26 | 厦门大洋通信有限公司 | Burst current detection switch |
| TWI622239B (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2018-04-21 | 國立高雄應用科技大學 | Power switch |
| CN109066995A (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2018-12-21 | 星微科技（天津）有限公司 | A kind of electric intelligent monitoring control mould group and monitoring and control method based on Internet of Things |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN88200719U (en) * | 1988-01-29 | 1988-11-23 | 过江 | Electronic protector |
| CN2336499Y (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 1999-09-01 | 赵孝尧 | Safety protector for domestic electric appliances |
-
2002
- 2002-05-13 CN CN 02119351 patent/CN1458723B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN88200719U (en) * | 1988-01-29 | 1988-11-23 | 过江 | Electronic protector |
| CN2336499Y (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 1999-09-01 | 赵孝尧 | Safety protector for domestic electric appliances |
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| CN1458723A (en) | 2003-11-26 |
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