CN1452657A - Lubricated granules - Google Patents
Lubricated granules Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1452657A CN1452657A CN01815335A CN01815335A CN1452657A CN 1452657 A CN1452657 A CN 1452657A CN 01815335 A CN01815335 A CN 01815335A CN 01815335 A CN01815335 A CN 01815335A CN 1452657 A CN1452657 A CN 1452657A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- particle
- lubricant
- activeconstituents
- enzyme
- particulate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 108060007951 sulfatase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108010075550 termamyl Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000035924 thermogenesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003627 tricarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001221 xylan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004823 xylans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/98—Preparation of granular or free-flowing enzyme compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0039—Coated compositions or coated components in the compositions, (micro)capsules
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
- C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
- C11D3/38672—Granulated or coated enzymes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
An active-containing granule is provided which comprises a lubricant on the outer surface of the granule, wherein the lubricant is in liquid form at 25 DEG C and has a viscosity of less than 5000 centipoise at 25 DEG C.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to comprise the particle of activeconstituents and external lubrication layer, wherein said external lubrication layer suppresses activeconstituents and form dust from particle.
Background of invention
The particle that comprises activeconstituents such as enzyme has been used decades in many industrial circles.Developed some technology such particle is provided.Providing an active purpose with the particulate form is to generate in order to prevent or to suppress active, because active meeting cause Health cost to handling active people.Usually this can achieve the goal by the particle that contains activeconstituents is provided, and the wherein said particle that contains activeconstituents comprises and contains activated core and derma layer.The particle that contains activeconstituents generally is made up of core and bag tegillum, and the key character that wherein wraps tegillum is that the bag tegillum can reduce the dust generation when handling particle.
WO96/16151 relates to the enzyme granulate with non-aqueous liquid or oily mixture and anti-hard caking agent bag quilt.
WO01/04279 and WO00/01793 (not open at priority date) also disclose the particle that comprises lubricant.
Summary of the invention
We have researched and developed the particle that also includes lubricant film except that comprising tegillum on the particle outside surface.
Therefore, the present invention relates on the particle outside surface, comprise the particle that contains activeconstituents of lubricant, it is characterized in that:
(a) lubricant in the time of 25 ℃ for liquid and 25 ℃ the time viscosity be lower than 5000 centipoises, or
(b) when using velocimeter, the blade tip circumferential speed is 50 rev/mins, and helix angle is 3 ° (compact models), when using 46mm rotor and weighing 170 gram particles to the 50mm test container, to measure, lubricated granules is compared with unlubricated particle, and the former relative friction coefficient is lower than 80%, or
(c) lubricant is a mineral oil
Or their combination.
On the other hand, the present invention relates to produce particulate method of the present invention, comprise grains of composition of the present invention and particulate purposes of the present invention.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
The particle that comprises activeconstituents such as enzyme is a dried particles, and it is when handling, because individual particle collides easy generation wearing and tearing mutually and tears (collision and friction) and make particle surface " polishing ".It is believed that this can cause bag by damaged or even particle disintegrate, when being dried active composition such as zymoprotein, then it can be released and form the dust of health risk.But for example move with respect to other particulate and limit these to handle infringement be inappropriate by reducing individual particle, particulate is handled because particle also should have good mobile and mixing ability becomes easily, and wherein said particle disposal needs individual particle to move relatively freely.
Do not fettered by this theory, we think that lubricant is administered to the particle outside surface can make individual particle " lubricate ", just reduce intergranular friction, provide particle good flowing and the mixing ability, reduce the frictional force that causes particle breakage and active dust to discharge simultaneously.Further lubricant also can weaken the adhesivity as tackiness agent in the bag tegillum that has applied lubricant thereon, thereby prevents that further particle from condensing.Therefore, defined here lubricant can play the effect of coagulation-prevention agent and wetting agent and reduce dust to form and the particle breakage.
Except lubricant, the particle that contains activeconstituents of the present invention comprises core and one or more bag tegillums that contains activeconstituents suitably, and this is known in the art.
Definition
The term lubricant can be regarded as any non-aquo compound of liquid or mixture of compound of forming under 25 ℃ and normal atmosphere.Preferably it has the viscosity that is lower than 5000 centipoises with this understanding.
Core
Core comprises activeconstituents, is preferably enzyme.Core can be by arbitrary mode or any material construction that core material required function characteristic is provided except activeconstituents, and for example core can be made up of the material that allows activeconstituents to be easy to discharge after importing water-bearing media.
Preferred core construct comprises:
-spray-dired core particle, it contains the liquor of enzyme by spraying drying, and the solution droplet drying that contains active substance thus contains activated particulate matter and prepares until formation.Can in this way prepare very little particle (Michael S.Showell (editor); Strong dirt-removing agent (Powdered detergents); Tensio-active agent science series (Surfactant ScienceSeries); 1998; 71 volumes; The 140-142 page or leaf; Marcel Dekker).
-stacked core particle, wherein activeconstituents as one deck bag by on preformed core particle or be adsorbed onto the surface of core particle.If can find the available core particle with required size, then the particle of the required size of tool can obtain by this method.This series products has description herein in for example WO97/23606 and WO97/39116 (quoting as a reference).
The core particle of-extruding or corning wherein contains the paste compacting granulating of activeconstituents or push and cut into particle, subsequent drying by aperture under pressure.Such particle has suitable size usually, has limited the pressure that allows to be applied to extruded hole because can make the material (being generally the plate that has boring) of extruded hole therein.Very high squeeze also can increase the thermogenesis in the paste that contains activeconstituents and can damage activeconstituents (Michael S.Showell (editor) when using aperture; The strong dirt-removing agent; The tensio-active agent science series; 1998; 71 volumes; The 140-142 page or leaf; MarcelDekker).
-the powder that contains activeconstituents is fixed on the one-tenth particulate state core particle that solidifies in the wax-matrix.Become granular particles usually by reactive powder is suspended in the wax of fusing, and suspended substance is for example sprayed into cooling room by spinning-disc atomizer with it make the drop fast setting prepare (MichaelS.Showell (editor); The strong dirt-removing agent; The tensio-active agent science series; 1998; 71 volumes; The 140-142 page or leaf; Marcel Dekker).
-by adding the composite grain particle of active substance, liquid and dry powder composite preparation in the particulate component.With suitable proportion mixing liquid and powder, and along with dry powder composition behind the moisture of dry powder absorption liquid begins to adhere to and condense, and particle will form the particle that contains activeconstituents.Such method is 4,106, among 991 (NOVO NORDISK) and pertinent literature EP 170360B1 (NOVONORDISK), EP304332B1 (NOVO NORDISK), EP304331 (NOVONORDISK), WO90/09440 (NOVO NORDISK) and the WO90/09428 (NOVONORDISK) description is arranged, they all are incorporated herein by reference.
Nucleus can be those compositions well known in the art, and it includes but not limited to:
Activeconstituents
Activeconstituents can be that arbitrary its purposes is benefited from and is shaped to the particulate activeconstituents.Such activeconstituents can be a medicine.
Term " activeconstituents " comprises the composition that all are such, and it discharges the composition of the purpose that can play this processing of improvement for when the work in-process particulate application from particle.Suitable activeconstituents is a deactivation material/or for cause the material of other composition inactivation in containing grains of composition.
Activeconstituents can be natural inorganic thing such as bleach or be organism.Preferred activeconstituents is medical active material or agrochemicals such as weedicide, sterilant, sterilant and/or the mycocide of biological active materials such as catalytically active material (such as enzyme), human body or animal body.Such compound is generally very sensitive and be suitable for obtaining by chemical process or microbial fermentation to surrounding environment.Most preferred activeconstituents is peptide or polypeptide, as enzyme.
Thereby the enzyme in the context of the invention can be any combination that granulation can be used for the enzyme or the different enzymes of specific end use of benefiting from.Therefore when speaking of " enzyme ", be generally understood as the combination that comprises one or more enzymes.
Be to be understood that enzyme variants (for example by recombinant technology production) is also included within the scope of term " enzyme ".The example of this type of enzyme variants is for example at EP251, and 446 (Genencor), WO91/00345 (NovoNordisk), EP525 disclose among 610 (Solvay) and the WO94/02618 (Gist-Brocades NV).
The suggestion (1992) of enzyme classification that uses in this specification sheets and claims and international biological chemistry and the nomenclature council of molecular biology association (Recommendations (1992) of theNomenclature Committee of the International Union of Biochemistry andMolecular Biology), Academic Press, Inc., the enzyme classification unanimity in 1992.
Therefore the enzyme type that can suitably mix in the particle of the present invention comprises oxydo-reductase (EC1.-.-.-), transferring enzyme (EC 2.-.-.-), lytic enzyme (EC 3.-.-.-), lyase (EC 4.-.-.-), isomerase (EC 5.-.-.-) and ligase enzyme (EC 6.-.-.-).
Preferred oxydo-reductase is peroxidase (EC 1.11.1), laccase (EC 1.10.3.2) and notatin (EC 1.1.3.4) in the context of the invention, and preferred transferring enzyme is the transferring enzyme in following arbitrary subclass:
A) transferring enzyme (EC 2.1) of transfer one carbon-based group;
B) transferring enzyme (EC 2.2) of transfer aldehydes or ketones residue; Acyltransferase (EC 2.3);
C) glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4);
D) shifting is not the transferring enzyme (EC 2.5) of the alkyl or aryl of methyl; And
E) transferring enzyme (EC 2.6) of transfer nitrogen-containing group.
Most preferred transferring enzyme type is a trans-glutaminases (protein-glutamine gamma glutamyltransferase in the context of the invention; EC 2.3.2.13).
The further embodiment of suitable trans-glutaminases has description in WO96/06931 (Novo NordiskA/S).
Preferred lytic enzyme is in the context of the invention: carboxylic ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.-), as lipase (EC 3.1.1.3); Phytase (EC 3.1.3.-) is as 3-Phytase (EC3.1.3.8) and 6-phytase (EC 3.1.3.26); Glycosylase (EC 3.2, are included in here in the group that is called " carbohydrase ") is as α-Dian Fenmei (EC 3.2.1.1); Peptase (EC 3.4, are also referred to as proteolytic enzyme); And other carbonylic hydrolase.
In this article, term " carbohydrase " not only is used for representing to decompose especially, and five yuan of enzymes with the sugar chain (for example starch) of six-membered ring structure (are Glycosylase, EC 3.2), but also be used for representing the enzyme of isomerization carbohydrate, as turning to enzyme such as the six-membered ring structure isomery of D-glucose such as the five-membered ring structure of D-fructose.
Relevant carbohydrase comprises following enzyme (EC number in bracket):
α-Dian Fenmei (3.2.1.1), beta-amylase (3.2.1.2), dextran 1,4-alpha-glucosidase (3.2.1.3), cellulase (3.2.1.4), interior-1,3 (4)-beta-glucanases (3.2.1.6), interior-1,4-beta-xylanase (3.2.1.8), dextranase (3.2.1.11), chitinase (3.2.1.14), polygalacturonase (3.2.1.15), N,O-Diacetylmuramidase (3.2.1.17), beta-glucosidase enzyme (3.2.1.21), alpha-galactosidase (3.2.1.22), beta-galactosidase enzymes (3.2.1.23), amylo-1:4,1:6-transglucosidase, 6-Polyglucosidase (3.2.1.33), xylan 1,4-xylobiase (3.2.1.37), dextran interior-1,3-β-D-Polyglucosidase (3.2.1.39), Schardinger dextrin interior 1,6-alpha-glucosidase (3.2.1.41), sucrose alpha-glucosidase (3.2.1.48), dextran interior 1,3-alpha-glucosidase (3.2.1.59), dextran 1,4-beta-glucosidase enzyme (3.2.1.74), dextran interior-1,6-beta-glucosidase enzyme (3.2.1.75), in the pectinose 1,5-α-L-alglucerase (3.2.1.99), Sumylact L (3.2.1.108), chitosanase (3.2.1.132) and xylose isomerase (5.3.1.5).
The example of commercially available oxydo-reductase (EC 1.-.-.-) comprises Gluzyme
TM(enzyme that can obtain from Novo Nordisk A/S).
The example of commercially available proteolytic enzyme (peptase) comprises Kannase
TM, Everlase
TM, Esperase
TM, Alcalase
TM, Neutrase
TM, Durazym
TM, Savinase
TM, Pyrase
TM, trypsinase NOVO (PTN), Bio-Feed
TMPro and Clear-Lens
TMPro (all can be, Bagsvaerd obtains) from the Novo Nordisk A/S of Denmark.
Other commercially available proteolytic enzyme comprises Maxatase
TM, Maxacal
TM, Maxapem
TM, Opticlean
TMAnd Purafect
TM(can obtain) from Genencor International Inc. or Gist-Brocades.
The example of commercially available lipase comprises Lipoprime
TMLipolase
TM, Lipolase
TMUltra, Lipozyme
TM, Palatase
TM, Novozym
TM435 and Lecitase
TM(all can obtain) from Novo Nordisk A/S.
Other commercially available lipase comprises Lumafast
TM(from pseudomonas mendocina (Pseudomonas mendocina) lipase of GenencorInternational Inc.); Lipomax
TM(from pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes (Ps.Pseudoalcaligenes) lipase of Gist-Brocades or Genencor InternationalInc.); And from the genus bacillus kind lipase of Solvay enzyme.
The example of commercially available carbohydrase comprises α-Gal
TM, Bio-Feed
TMα, Bio-Feed
TMβ, Bio-Feed
TMPlus, Bio-Feed
TMPlus, Novozyme
TM188, Celluclast
TM, Cellusoft
TM, Ceremyl
TM, Citrozym
TM, Denimax
TM, Dezyme
TM, Dextrozyme
TM, Finizym
TM, Fungamyl
TM, Gamanase
TM, Glucanex
TM, Lactozym
TM, Maltogenas
TM, Pentopan
TM, Pectinex
TM, Promozyme
TM, Pulpzyme
TM, Novamyl
TM, Termamyl
TM, AMG
TM(amyloglucosidase Novo), Maltogenase
TM, Sweetzyme
TMAnd Aquazym
TM(all can obtain) from Novo Nordisk A/S.
The enzyme amount of desiring to mix in the particle of the present invention depends on the particulate intended purpose.Enzyme content is amount high as far as possible or for being suitable in a lot of the application.
Enzyme content in the particle of the present invention (with the shared percentage calculation of pure enzyme protein in every particle weight) generally accounts for the about 0.5% to 50% of enzyme containing granule weight, but high level also is fit to as 50-90%w/w.
When for example mixing proteolytic enzyme (peptase) in the particle of the present invention, final particulate enzymic activity (proteolytic activity) is general in the scope of 1-20KNPU/g.This protease activity unit is thousand promises and proteolytic enzyme units/gram sample (Kilo Novo Protease Units per gram; KNPU/g).Activity is with respect to the known KNPU/g determination of activity of enzyme standard.The enzyme standard is standardized by the generating rate (μ mol/ minute) of measuring the free amine group that quantitative enzymic digestion dimethyl casein (DMC) is discharged in the solution.Generating rate be by the free amine group that generated of record with added 2,4, the simultaneous reaction between 6-trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS) is monitored at the linear extension of the absorbancy at 420nm place.The digestion of DMC and color reaction carry out in the borate buffer of 50 ℃ of pH8.3, react after 9 minutes and measure 3 minutes.Can obtain folder AF 220/1 by asking for to Denmark Novo Nordisk A/S, this document is sandwiched in herein and quotes as a reference.
Similarly, when for example being α-Dian Fenmei, enzymic activity is generally 10-500KNU/g.Activity is with respect to the known KNU/g determination of activity of enzyme standard.The enzyme standard be by measure in the solution α-and the assistance of beta-glucosidase enzyme under the generating rate (μ mol/ minute) of quantitative α-Dian Fenmei digestion 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-2-chloro-4-nitrophenols that the b-D-maltoheptaosid substrate discharges and standardized.Carrying out the test kit of α-Dian Fenmei detection can commercially buy.The diffusing page or leaf explanation AF318/1-GB that the explanation that α-Dian Fenmei detects can obtain from asking for to Denmark Novo Nordisk A/S finds.For for example lipase, scope generally is fit in the activity of 50-400 KLU/g.
The enzyme of using in granulating is generally and contains enzyme liquid.Containing enzyme liquid can enzyme enriched material form use as purified product, and in this purified product, enzyme is as crystallization and/or amorphous protein dissolution or be scattered in the aqueous liquid, or contains enzyme liquid and can be the fermenting broth form.Water in the liquid can be used as the liquid reagent in the granulating (seeing above).
Preformed core particle
When particle of the present invention prepares on the preformed core particle by the activeconstituents layer is put on, preformed core particle is preferably based on the core particle of carbohydrate or based on the core particle of salt, the former is as the particle of plant flour or product (cassava, cassava, cereal flour, sugar, dextrin etc.) formation, the latter prepares as the alkaline or alkaline-earth salts from vitriol, sulphite, phosphoric acid salt, phosphonate, nitrate, muriate or carbonate, or from preparing as the simple organic acid salt that is preferably Citrate trianion, malonate or acetate.
Weighting material
Suitable weighting material is water-soluble and/or water-insoluble inorganic salt such as levigated basic sulfatase, basic carbonate and/or alkaline chloride, clay such as kaolin (Speswhite for example
TM, English pottery soil), wilkinite, talcum, zeolite and/or silicate.
Tackiness agent
Suitable binder is to have high-melting-point or do not have fusing point at all and be the tackiness agent of non-waxy characteristic, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone, dextrin, polyvinyl alcohol, derivatived cellulose such as hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose gum or CMC.Suitable binder is a carbohydrate binder, as the Glucidex 21D that can obtain from French Roquette Freres.
Filamentary material
Pure or the impure Mierocrystalline cellulose of fibers form can be sawdust, pure fibrous cellulose, cotton or other forms of pure or impure fibrous cellulose.Also can use flocculating aids based on fibrous cellulose.The fibrous cellulose that several brands are arranged on the market is as CEPO and ARBOCELL.In the publication " Cepo cellulose powder (CepoCellulose Powder) " of Svenska Tr mjolsfabrikerna AB, point out that the cellulosic maximum staple length of Cepo S/20 is about 500 μ m, average fiber length is about 160 μ m, maximum fiber width is about 50 μ m, and the average fiber width is about 30 μ m.Point out that also the cellulosic maximum staple length of CEPO SS/200 is about 150 μ m, average fiber length is about 50 μ m, and maximum fiber width is about 45 μ m, and the average fiber width is about 25 μ m.The Mierocrystalline cellulose of this size is fit to purpose of the present invention very much.Word " Cepo " and " Arbocel " are trade marks.Preferred fibrous cellulose is Arbocel
TMBFC200.Also can use as the synthon of describing among EP 304331 B1, and generally by polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, especially nylon, polyethylene polymer formula (polyvinylformat), poly-(methyl) acrylic compound manufacturing.
Liquid reagent
Liquid reagent is used for conventional mixing granulating, so that the conventional branch particle that is granulated into forms or be combined into particle.Liquid reagent is water and/or waxy substance.Liquid reagent always uses with liquid phase in granulating but is curable subsequently; If there is waxy substance, so this waxy substance is dissolved or dispersed in the water or fusing.Term used herein " waxy substance " is meant the material with following all characteristics: 1) fusing point is between 30 to 100 ℃, preferably between 40 to 60 ℃, 2) this material has firm and non-friable characteristic, and 3) this material at room temperature has certain plasticity-.Water and waxy substance are liquid reagent, and promptly they all are activated in the particle forming process; Waxy substance keeps as integral part in final particle, and most of water is removed in drying step.The example of waxy substance be polyoxyethylene glycol, Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), ethoxylized fatty alcohol, higher fatty acid single, two and Witepsol W-S 55 such as monostearin, alkyl aryl ethoxylates and coconut monoethanol amide.
If use a large amount of waxy substances, then should add the water of relatively small amount, vice versa.Therefore, liquid reagent can only be water, only for waxy substance or be the mixture of water and wax.When using the mixture of water and wax, can any order add entry and wax, wax behind for example first water, or water behind the first wax, or solution or the suspension of wax in water.When using the mixture of water and wax, wax also can be dissolved in or insoluble (but can disperse) in water.If water is as liquid reagent, then water may not be a final blending particulate part, because most of water has been removed in composite grain drying subsequently usually.
Active stabilizer or activity protecting agent
Enzyme stabilizers or protective material can be divided into several classes: the salt of the transition metal ion of alkalescence or neutral material, reductive agent, antioxidant and/or beginning.All can unite use for similar with other or inhomogeneous protective material for every kind.Thereby being can effectively neutralize oxygenant for example, the protectant example of alkalescence provides alkalimetal silicate, carbonate or the supercarbonate of chemical scavenging effect.The example of restitutive protection's agent is sulphite, thiosulfite or thiosulphate, and the example of antioxidant is methionine(Met), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) or fourth hydroxyanisol (BHA).Most preferred reagent is thiosulphate, as Sulfothiorine.Enzyme stabilizers also can be that borate, borax, formate, dicarboxylic acid and tricarboxylic acid and reversibility enzyme inhibitors are as the organic compound of band sulfydryl or the boric acid of alkylation or arylation.
Linking agent
Linking agent can be the tensio-active agent of activity compatible, as ethoxylated alcohol, especially has the alcohol of 10 to 80 oxyethyl groups.
Further, suspension agent, medium (being used for increasing bleaching action as using in washing after particle breakdown) and/or solvent can be mixed granular core.
The bag tegillum
One or more can be wrapped tegillum and be applied to particle of the present invention,, for example protect the activeconstituents in the core so that the particulate desired characteristic to be provided.The composition of bag tegillum can be the composition of using in the above-mentioned core suitably, preferably except enzyme.
Conventional bag as known in the art is applied to as the bag quilt, as the bag tegillum described in WO89/08694, WO89/08695,270608 B1 and/or the PA 1,998 00876 (at the undocumented Denmark of priority date of the present invention priority application).Other example of conventional capsulating material can be at US4,106,991, EP170360, EP304332, EP304331, EP458849, EP458845, WO97/39116, WO92/12645A, WO89/08695, WO89/08694, WO87/07292, WO91/06638, WO92/13030, WO93/07260, WO93/07263, WO96/38527, WO96/16151, WO97/23606, US5,324,649, US4,689,297, EP206417, EP193829, DE4344215, DE4322229A, DD263790, find among JP61162185A and/or the JP58179492.
In a specific embodiment bag tegillum can comprise a spot of can with the protective material of the composition reaction that makes active inactivation (unfavorable) to activity; described composition is for entering particle from environmental matrices; promptly before this composition begins contact and makes active inactivation, thereby protective material can make it not damage activity as neutralization, reduction or with composition reaction.The typical composition that can make active inactivation is an oxygenant, as perborate, percarbonate, organic peracid etc.
Protective material can be divided into several classes: the salt of the transition metal ion of alkalescence or neutral material, reductive agent, antioxidant and/or beginning.Every kind of protective material can be united use for similar with other or inhomogeneous protective material.The protectant example of alkalescence be by effective neutralization for example oxygenant thereby alkalimetal silicate, carbonate or the supercarbonate of chemical scavenging effect are provided.The example of restitutive protection's agent is sulphite, thiosulfite or thiosulphate, and the example of antioxidant is methionine(Met), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) or fourth hydroxyanisol (BHA).Most preferred reagent is thiosulphate, as Sulfothiorine.Protectant amount can be the 5-40%w/w of bag quilt in the bag quilt, is preferably 5-30%, as 10-20%.
Bag is sealed by forming the particle that successive uniform bed basically will contain activeconstituents.
The bag quilt can be according to any function in the multiple function of purposes enforcement particulate of particle expection.For example bag can be played following one or more effects:
(i) containing the part that active dust forms in the particle of activeconstituents reduces;
(ii) protect the oxidation of the activeconstituents antagonism albic material/system (for example perborate, percarbonate, organic peracid etc.) in the particle that contains activeconstituents;
(iii) when particle imports liquid medium (as water-bearing media), dissolve with desired rate;
(iv) provide particle better physical strength.
Bag can further be comprised one or more following reagent: antioxidant, chlorine scavenger, softening agent, pigment, additional enzyme and perfume compound.
Useful softening agent comprises as: polyvalent alcohol as sugar, sugar alcohol in the bag tegillum of the context of the invention, or molecular weight is less than 1000 polyoxyethylene glycol (PEGs); Urea, phthalic ester such as dibutyl phthalate or dimethyl phthalate; And water.
Suitable pigment includes but not limited to the combination of ground whitening agent (as titanium dioxide or kaolin), coloured pigment, water-soluble colorant and one or more pigments and water-soluble colorant.
Particle of the present invention is in a preferred embodiment of the invention quoted as a reference in addition with the protectiveness bag tegillum bag quilt with high constant humidity as describing among Danish Patent Application WO00/01793 5-9 page or leaf and the embodiment.
The particle that contains activeconstituents that is configured by core and bag to be lubricated is suitably for spherical or subsphaeroidal, and the mean diameter that its longest dimension is fit to have is 50-2000 μ m, being preferably 200-1200 μ m, more preferably is 400-800 μ m or 50-200 μ m.
Lubricant
Lubricant of the present invention forms non-liquid, aqueous compound or its mixture when being 25 ℃, and it has the viscosity that is lower than 5000 centipoises when being preferably 25 ℃, as the 500-5000 centipoise, be preferably lower than 4000 centipoises, as the 500-4000 centipoise, more preferably be lower than 3000 centipoises, as the 500-3000 centipoise, and most preferably be lower than 2500 centipoises, as the 500-2500 centipoise.An advantage using the low viscosity lubricant be they quite easily on particle, forming thin layer on a small quantity, and low viscosity can promote minor amounts of lubricants in the whole surperficial homogeneous distribution of particulate.When using the viscosity higher lubricant, lubricant trends towards with the inhomogeneous particle surface that adheres to of the form of viscosity piece.Another advantage of low viscosity lubricant is to have reduced friction of granule when extremely low viscous lubricant is administered to described particle outside surface.The minimizing of particle friction can be measured by velocimeter.Therefore, as indicated above, one aspect of the present invention relates to the particle that contains activeconstituents that comprises lubricant on the particulate outside surface, wherein when using velocimeter, the blade tip circumferential speed is 50 rev/mins, and helix angle is 3 ° (compact models), when using 46mm rotor and weighing 170 gram particles to the 50mm test container, to measure, compare with unlubricated particle, the relative friction coefficient of lubricated granules is lower than 80%, for example is 5-80%.Preferably, compare with unlubricated particle, the relative friction coefficient of lubricated granules is lower than 78%, for example is 5-78%, more preferably, compare with unlubricated particle, the relative friction coefficient of lubricated granules is lower than 75%, for example is 5-75%, most preferably, compare with unlubricated particle, the relative friction coefficient of lubricated granules is lower than 70%, for example is 5-70%.
Lubricant is preferably the organic compound that satisfies the low viscosity demand or the mixture of organic compound.Preferred lubricant is that nonionogenic tenside such as Softanol (for example Softanol 50) and/or Dobanol, natural refined mineral oil such as Whiteway T15 (a kind of alkane oil), synthetic mineral oil are as silicone oil, animal oil, vegetables oil or any suitable mixture.
When using such lubricant, when promptly another of this lubricant is characterized as the insoluble basically particulate material of using this lubricant thereon, can obtain special benefit.A benefit of this embodiment be this lubricant be insoluble to and/or not with its on use this lubricant particle surface mix, and do not disappear by absorption from the particle surface of its performance function, wherein lubricant is applied on the particle surface.But another advantage of this embodiment is hybrid lubricant and a capsulating material before lubricant and bag are applied to particle.Therefore this mixture or dispersion can be applied to particle simultaneously, and because lubricant insoluble in capsulating material, lubricant can separate from capsulating material, and is lubricated outer to form.Term herein " insoluble basically " is meant that the lubricant that is lower than 1 gram dissolves in 1 kilogram of particulate material that will be applied in lubricant on it.Particulate material such as the capsulating material that will be applied in lubricant on it are generally hydrophilic water-soluble material.Therefore preferred in these embodiments lubricant is hydrophobic.Especially, mineral oil lubricant is fit to, and therefore one aspect of the present invention relates to the particle that contains activeconstituents that comprises mineral oil lubricant on the particle outside surface.Most preferred lubricant is the mineral oil lubricant that viscosity is lower than 5000 centipoises, compares with non-lubricated granules, and this mineral oil lubricant is reduced to the frictional coefficient of lubricated granules and is lower than 80%.
The particulate lubricant that contains activeconstituents will lubricate and reduce intergranular friction, make it to produce less dust and reduce damaged risk, if we also find to use in some cases too much lubricant, the lubricating property of lubricant also can cause dried particle to become sticky and lump.Can be by using as TiO
2The dried microparticle material of (as US4, describing among 106,991 embodiment 22) is executed powder to particle and is suppressed caking.But this can counterproductive or offsets lubricated effectiveness, and we find to reduce the amount of lubricant, and the 1%w/w that is preferably lower than lubricated granules can obviously prevent caking, still have useful lubricant effect simultaneously.In order to prevent to lump and/or particle is clamminess and becomes the particulate problem that contains activeconstituents of handling, and avoid owing to add cost and the problem that multiple anti-hard caking agent causes, extremely thin one deck that the interpolation of lubricant should be preferably be lower than particle weight 1% with its composition is used, as between particulate 0.01% to 1%w/w, be preferably and be lower than 0.75%w/w, as between 0.1% to 0.75%w/w, more preferably be about 0.5%w/w, as between particulate 0.1% to 0.5%.Use low viscous lubricant and/or the insoluble basically lubricant that will apply the particulate material of lubricant thereon as indicated above, can make to apply extremely thin lubricant film and become easy.
As illustrated, because properties of lubricants and a spot of lubricant on the particle of the present invention, the anti-hard caking agent that needs for preventing to lump to use in granule manufacture and storage process can successfully save.Therefore particle of the present invention does not in a preferred embodiment of the invention use the anti-hard caking agent that puts on the lubricant film.
The method for preparing lubricated granules
Lubricant can be by in enzyme granulate, adding appropriate amount lubricant and mix said composition until the lubricant deposition and be distributed to particle surface and be applied on the enzyme granulate.Can lubricant be sprayed on the enzyme granulate by high speed agitator or fluidized bed coater and mix.As mentioned above, in a preferred embodiment, the present invention prepares and does not comprise arbitrary step that adds anti-caking agent on lubricant film in the method for lubricated granules easily.
The application of lubricated granules
Lubricated granules of the present invention is applicable in the composition that mixes industrial or family expenses.Such composition comprises the cleaning and/or the sanitizing composition of also comprises surfactant, as detergent compositions.Such composition has description in " stain remover is open " part of for example WO00/01793.Other compositions are antimicrobial compound, and wherein enzyme is antibiotic oxydo-reductase randomly, and the composition that is used to handle microbial biofilm, and wherein enzyme randomly randomly also comprises lytic enzyme for antibiotic oxydo-reductase and said composition.Other composition can be as feed composition or food compositions such as animal-feed or bakes flour.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The particle that contains the Savinase (a kind of proteolytic enzyme) that does not wrap quilt all according to US4, prepares described in 106,991 embodiment 1 except following exception:
Replace sodium-chlor to make weighting material with sodium sulfate
The enzyme enriched material be also carbohydrate containing tackiness agent (Glucidex) and methionine(Met) as the aqueous suspensions of the crystal enzyme of antioxidant.
Particle is according to US4, the solution bag quilt of PEG4000 that pass through adding 6.9% that describes among 106,991 embodiment 22 and 12.5% 1: 1 TiO2/ kaolin mixture.Particle is further executed powder so that 2.0% PEG4000 bag quilt is back with 1.5% kaolin in L dige agitator.
Part particle lubricates (mixed at room temperature 5 minutes) according to following form by add nonionogenic tenside in L dige agitator.Final particle detects dust (seeing for example WO93/07263) by conventional H eubach rubbing manipulation well known in the art, detects the total dust (representing with milligram dust/20 gram particles) of generation and the dust (representing with nanogram(ng) protein/gram particle) of enzyme.The value that provides in the form is three mean values of measuring.
| Particle | Lubricant | Total dust mg/20g | Active Savinase dust ng protein/g |
| ????1.1 | Do not have | ????1.0 | ????287 |
| ????1.2 | ??0.25％Softanol?50 | ????0.2 | ????65 |
| ????1.3 | ??0.50％Softanol?50 | ????0.3 | ????32 |
| ????1.4 | ??0.25％Dobanol?25-7 | ????0.2 | ????39 |
| ????1.5 | ??0.50％Dobanol?25-7 | ????0.2 | ????7 |
This embodiment shows that tool nonionogenic tenside amount is that the final lubrication of particulate of 0.25%w/w or 0.50%w/w has significantly reduced the dust level.
Embodiment 2
The enzyme granulate that does not wrap quilt produces according to embodiment 1.
Particle passes through to be coated with and adds 1 of 5.0% PEG4000 and 12.5%: 1TiO according to what describe among the embodiment 1
2The solution bag quilt of/kaolin mixture.Particle further in L dige agitator with 1.5% PEG4000 bag quilt, with 1.5% kaolin particle is executed powder then.
After the cooling, a part of particle is lubricated (mixed at room temperature 5 minutes) according to following form by add mineral oil in L dige agitator.Final particle detects dust by the Heubach method.The value that provides in the form is three mean values of measuring.
| Particle | Lubricant | Total dust mg/20g | Active Savinase dust ng protein/g |
| ????2.1 | Do not have | ????9.7 | ??1209 |
| ????2.2 | ?0.50％Whiteway?T15 | ????0.4 | ??1.5 |
This embodiment shows that the final lubrication of the particulate of tool mineral oil has significantly reduced the dust level.Embodiment 3
The enzyme granulate that does not wrap quilt produces according to embodiment 1.
Particle passes through to be coated with and adds 4.5% PEG4000 and 12.5% 1: 1 TiO according to what describe among the embodiment 1
2The solution bag quilt of/kaolin mixture.Particle further in L dige agitator with the mixture (seeing the following form) of premixed PEG4000 and lubricant bag quilt, with 1.5% kaolin particle is executed powder then.Lubricant (Softanol 50) that dissolves in PEG4000 and the lubricant (Whiteway T15) that is insoluble to PEG4000 have been used.Final particle detects dust by the Heubach method.The value that provides in the form is three mean values of measuring.
| Particle | ??PEG4000 | Lubricant | Total dust mg/20g | Active Savinase dust ng protein/g |
| ??3.1 | ??2.00％ | Do not have | ??5.1 | ??1363 |
| ??3.2 | ??1.50％ | ??0.50％Softanol?50 | ??4.3 | ??951 |
| ??3.3 | ??1.50％ | ??0.50％Whiteway ??T15 | ??0.7 | ??166 |
This embodiment shows that best effect is from the lubricant that is insoluble to capsulating material if lubricant is mixed with capsulating material (PEG4000).
Embodiment 4
The relative friction coefficient of the lubricated granules of embodiment 1 uses the powder flow velocity instrumentation amount from Manumit PowderRheometer (Freeman Technology FT3 Powder Rheometer).Frictional coefficient is with (the blade tip circumferential speed is 50 rev/mins with velocimeter, helix angle is 3 ° (compact models), use 46mm rotor and weighing 170 gram particles to the 50mm test container the measure flow rate meter (circumferential speed is 50 rev/mins, helix angle is 3 ° (compact models)), use 46mm rotor and weighing 170 gram particles measured power (FORCE) to the 50mm test container proportional divided by torque (TORQUE).Relative friction coefficient calculates by the frictional coefficient divided by non-lubricated granules.
(power/torque)
Sample/ (power/torque)
ReferenceThe result:
| Lubricant | Relative friction coefficient |
| Do not have | ????100％ |
| ????0.25％Softanol?50 | ????78％ |
| ????0.5％Softanol?50 | ????70％ |
| ????0.25％Dobanol?25-7 | ????72％ |
| ????0.5％Dobanol?25-7 | ????68％ |
This embodiment shows that lubrication has significantly reduced relative friction coefficient.
Claims (17)
1. comprise the particle that contains activeconstituents of lubricant at the particle outside surface, it is characterized in that:
(a) lubricant in the time of 25 ℃ for liquid and 25 ℃ the time viscosity be lower than 5000 centipoises, or
(b) when using velocimeter, the blade tip circumferential speed is 50 rev/mins, and helix angle is 3 ° (compact models), when using 46mm rotor and weighing 170 gram particles to the 50mm test container, to measure, lubricated granules is compared with unlubricated particle, and the former relative friction coefficient is lower than 80%, or
(c) lubricant is a mineral oil
Or their combination.
2. the particle of claim 1, activeconstituents wherein is a biological active materials.
3. the particle of claim 2, activeconstituents wherein is pharmacy or catalytically active material.
4. the particle of claim 3, activeconstituents wherein is peptide or polypeptide.
5. the particle of claim 4, activeconstituents wherein is an enzyme.
6. the particle of claim 1, lubricant wherein constitutes less than particulate 1%w/w, preferably less than particulate 0.75%w/w.
7. the particle of claim 1, it also comprises one or more bag tegillums.
8. the particle of claim 7, lubricant wherein are insoluble to the bag tegillum of using this lubricant on the bag tegillum.
9. claim 1 (a) or particle (b), wherein lubricant is the mixture of organic compound or organic compound.
10. the particle of claim 9, wherein lubricant is a hydrophobic compound.
11. the particle of claim 10, wherein lubricant is selected from mineral oil, animal oil and vegetables oil or is selected from their mixture.
12. the particle of claim 11, wherein lubricant is a mineral oil.
13. the particle of claim 9, wherein lubricant is a nonionogenic tenside.
14. produce the particulate method of claim 1-13, the particle that wherein contains activeconstituents contacts with lubricant, so that lubricant is deposited on the particle outside surface.
15. comprise the composition of the lubricated granules that contains activeconstituents of claim 1-13.
16. the composition of claim 15 is characterized in that it is the detergent compositions of also comprises surfactant.
17. the purposes of the lubricated granules that contains activeconstituents of claim 1-13.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DKPA200001340 | 2000-09-08 | ||
| DKPA200001340 | 2000-09-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1452657A true CN1452657A (en) | 2003-10-29 |
Family
ID=8159703
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN01815335A Pending CN1452657A (en) | 2000-09-08 | 2001-09-07 | Lubricated granules |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1317533A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2004508040A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1452657A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2001285723A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2002020746A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102742732A (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2012-10-24 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Solid enzyme formulations and process for their preparation |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006517990A (en) | 2003-01-27 | 2006-08-03 | ノボザイムス アクティーゼルスカブ | Stabilization of granules |
| BRPI0509148B8 (en) | 2004-03-22 | 2021-05-25 | Abbott Products Gmbh | oral pharmaceutical compositions of products containing lipase, in particular pancreatin containing surfactants, their uses and respective manufacturing processes |
| EP2160950B1 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2015-05-13 | Novozymes A/S | Enzyme granules |
| JP5140586B2 (en) | 2005-07-29 | 2013-02-06 | アボット プロダクツ ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | Production of sterile pancreatin powder |
| US9198871B2 (en) | 2005-08-15 | 2015-12-01 | Abbott Products Gmbh | Delayed release pancreatin compositions |
| US11266607B2 (en) | 2005-08-15 | 2022-03-08 | AbbVie Pharmaceuticals GmbH | Process for the manufacture and use of pancreatin micropellet cores |
| US10072256B2 (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2018-09-11 | Abbott Products Gmbh | Process for separating and determining the viral load in a pancreatin sample |
| CN103168928A (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2013-06-26 | 诺维信公司 | Enzyme granules for animal feed |
| CN101500430B (en) | 2006-08-07 | 2014-02-19 | 诺维信公司 | Enzyme granules for animal feed |
| EP2262885B1 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2013-05-15 | Novozymes A/S | Triggered release system |
| WO2011000924A1 (en) | 2009-07-03 | 2011-01-06 | Abbott Products Gmbh | Spray-dried amylase, pharmaceutical preparations comprising the same and use |
| US20130149382A1 (en) * | 2010-05-27 | 2013-06-13 | Exosect Limited | Liquid compositions comprising a sustained release system for insecticides |
| EP2537918A1 (en) | 2011-06-20 | 2012-12-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Consumer products with lipase comprising coated particles |
| AR116309A1 (en) | 2018-09-11 | 2021-04-21 | Novozymes As | STABLE GRANULES FOR FOOD COMPOSITIONS |
| AU2021357757A1 (en) | 2020-10-07 | 2023-05-25 | Novozymes A/S | New granules for animal feed |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3737376A (en) * | 1970-08-05 | 1973-06-05 | Pabst Brewing Co | Non-dusting and moisture-resistant enzyme compositions |
| CA1071055A (en) * | 1975-06-30 | 1980-02-05 | The Procter And Gamble Company | Liquid detergent compositions |
| US4129515A (en) * | 1976-09-13 | 1978-12-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Heavy-duty liquid detergent and process |
| NZ234587A (en) * | 1989-08-04 | 1991-11-26 | Mcneil Ppc Inc | A chewable pharmaceutical tablet of compressed coated granules |
| ES2167319T3 (en) | 1991-10-07 | 2002-05-16 | Genencor Int | Granule containing a coated enzyme. |
| US5324649A (en) * | 1991-10-07 | 1994-06-28 | Genencor International, Inc. | Enzyme-containing granules coated with hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol or copolymer thereof |
| WO1996016151A1 (en) | 1994-11-18 | 1996-05-30 | Genencor International, Inc. | Coated enzyme granules |
| EP1092007B1 (en) * | 1998-06-30 | 2003-11-26 | Novozymes A/S | A new improved enzyme containing granule |
| WO2001025411A1 (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2001-04-12 | Novozymes A/S | Spray dried enzyme product |
-
2001
- 2001-09-07 CN CN01815335A patent/CN1452657A/en active Pending
- 2001-09-07 JP JP2002525753A patent/JP2004508040A/en active Pending
- 2001-09-07 AU AU2001285723A patent/AU2001285723A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-09-07 WO PCT/DK2001/000582 patent/WO2002020746A1/en active Application Filing
- 2001-09-07 EP EP01964946A patent/EP1317533A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102742732A (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2012-10-24 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Solid enzyme formulations and process for their preparation |
| CN102742732B (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2015-10-28 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Solid enzyme formulations and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1317533A1 (en) | 2003-06-11 |
| AU2001285723A1 (en) | 2002-03-22 |
| JP2004508040A (en) | 2004-03-18 |
| WO2002020746A1 (en) | 2002-03-14 |
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