CN1450246A - Automatic service rig for oil field - Google Patents
Automatic service rig for oil field Download PDFInfo
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- CN1450246A CN1450246A CN 03112330 CN03112330A CN1450246A CN 1450246 A CN1450246 A CN 1450246A CN 03112330 CN03112330 CN 03112330 CN 03112330 A CN03112330 A CN 03112330A CN 1450246 A CN1450246 A CN 1450246A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a new type automatic workover equipment of oil field. It is mainly formed from lower self-packer, power slip, upper self-packer, multi-purpose straight tea, blowout preventer, hydraulic chain wrench, sleeve elevator, mechanical arm, mechanical hand, pump rod guide mechanism, pump rod mounting-dismounting positioning cylinder, pump rod self-sealed guideway and automatic control system. Said invention can automatically implement oil field workover treatment including automatically clamping, mounting-dismounting, grabbing, down-laying and butt-jointing oil pipes and pumping rods, and can prevent the crude and sewage from contaminating oil field.
Description
One, technical field: the invention discloses a kind of be used for oil well repairing operation tighten automatically, on unload, pick up, transfer, dock the oil field well workover automatic operation device of oil pipe and sucker rod.
Two, background technology: oil well repairing operation is manual work basically at present, need Manual Switch oil pipe or rod elevator, dislodging suspension ring, push-and-pull hydraulic tongs, push-and-pull jigger, oil pipe, sucker rod butt joint, working strength is big, need personnel many, inefficiency, work under bad environment, when in the workover operation, running into tubing and casing overflow or strong wind sleety weather being arranged, not only can influence normal operation, also can cause spray liquid well site in the well, can't dock oil pipe, form the pollution of environment, personnel, equipment.Also do not find to have similar automatic operation device at present.
Three, summary of the invention: purpose of the present invention is exactly the above-mentioned defective that exists at existing oil well repairing operation, and a kind of oil field well workover automatic operation device of novel environment friendly is provided.
Technical scheme of the present invention realizes by following manner:
The present invention includes down self-styled, power slip, go up self-styled, how with threeway, preventer, hydraulic pressure chain wrench, sleeve elevator, mechanical arm, manipulator, sucker rod guiding mechanism, compositions such as sucker rod loading and unloading positioning tube, the self-styled guide rail of sucker rod and automatic control system.
1, self-styled profile is similar to tubing hanger down, can be lowered in the tubing hanging seat, compresses the sealing oil sets annular space with jackscrew.Be made up of rubber fuse, steel support ring and red copper sealing ring, rubber fuse and steel support ring are made an integral body, and the conical surface of the outside of steel support ring for matching with the tubing hanging seat inner surface opened seal groove on the conical surface, embed copper ring.
2, the power slip lower end is and the well head flange connecting, comprises power slip casing, slip spider, slips, slips drive system and goes up parts such as self-styled.Power slip case supports slip spider and slip insert, and form an annular seal space and prevent that greasy dirt from bleeding.Slip spider is the half cone ring structure, and seat is on power slip lower box supporting surface, can slide along power slip case sidewall in two sides, the inboard conical surface for the band dovetail groove, about each one.Slips is made up of slips body and slip insert, the slips body is the half cone ring structure, made by high strength steel, cross section, the outside is the dovetail structure, cooperates with the dovetail groove of slip spider inwall, slips can slide up and down along the slip spider inwall, slip insert embeds in the groove of slips body inboard, is half ladder band of column structure, is made by iron base friction plate, inwall chucking oil pipe or sucker rod, slip insert can be changed according to different work object (oil pipe or sucker rod).The slips drive system is loaded on a side of power slip casing, critical piece comprises electromagnetic driver (or pneumatic, hydraulic unit driver), push rod, swivel nut, screw rod, back-moving spring, gear, slips drive rod, the auxiliary device of growing permanent teeth, electromagnetic driver (or pneumatic, hydraulic unit driver) end is connected with push rod, push rod left and right sides two end axles is to promoting corresponding swivel nut, swivel nut is loaded on the long bolt, long bolt is with back-moving spring outward, gear is equipped with at the long bolt rear portion, gear is meshed with tooth bar on the slips drive rod, and the auxiliary device of growing permanent teeth is loaded on the both sides of casing.The auxiliary device of growing permanent teeth is made up of pull bar, pull bar sheath and hold-down nut, power slip box sealing lid side is fixed in the pull bar outer end, and tighten with hold-down nut, pull bar is fixed on the power slip wall box by the pull bar sheath, pull bar can slide in the pull bar sheath, the pull bar sheath plays a part to support and guiding, and the pull bar end has disconnecting prevention structure; Seal cover links to each other with bolt with slip spider, after seal cover is pulled down, under the support and guide effect of pull bar sheath, slips and slip spider integral body can be pulled out, be convenient to large diameter downhole tool by with grow permanent teeth, service work.Electromagnetic driver (or pneumatic, hydraulic unit driver) promotes swivel nut outside end face, screw rod and gear are rotated, it is descending to drive the slips drive rod, slips is compressed downwards, contact with oil pipe or sucker rod and to produce frictional force, thus further by oil pipe or sucker rod self gravitation and frictional force with oil pipe or sucker rod chucking; The driving force removal resets under the up frictional force effect of spring force and oil pipe or sucker rod, unclamps oil pipe or sucker rod.Be equipped with self-styledly in the tube connector of power slip casing top, be used to seal the annular space between oil pipe and casing, keep power slip box house cleaning.
3, the power slip upper flange with how to be connected with end flanges under the threeway with the many of threeway, up and down two current vortex sensors are housed in the threeway, a side is provided with the cascading water mouth of pipe, can external pipeline, be used for auxiliary open flow.
4, preventer is fixed in many with on the threeway upper flanges by end flanges under it, the main body through hole of preventer is cylindrical, following end flanges with how to be connected with threeway, be followed successively by structures such as tube clipper, sealer and sealing ring from top to bottom, tube clipper is the two halves flashboard, the inboard semi-cylindrical canyon of flashboard for caulking gum formation, sealer is set in the groove on tube clipper top, about half little flashboard is respectively arranged, can in this groove, slide, spring is equipped with in the little flashboard of two halves rear end, and two shoe brake integrated circuit boards are tight; Sealing ring is the rubber ring that internal diameter is slightly less than oil pipe sleeve elevator, is loaded on the inwall of preventer upper flanges.Respectively adorn a flashboard before and after the preventer and drive cylinder, the piston rod end that drives cylinder links to each other by the outer end side surface of a bolt and tube clipper flashboard, public air inlet and exhaust piper is equipped with at the cylinder middle part, the both end sides wall has the air inlet and exhaust piper of respective side, the cylinder two-way function, make flashboard open repeatedly, close, the preventer upper flanges is connected with hydraulic pressure chain wrench bottom junction plate.Usefulness when preventer only has overflow in well, normal operation need not used.
5, the hydraulic pressure chain wrench comprises two parts up and down, and the bottom is made up of spring legs and adpting flange, and top is the hydraulic link clamp main body.The hydraulic link clamp main body comprises the CD-ROM drive motor control box, CD-ROM drive motor, driving gear, driven gear, the driven gear guide wheel, the sprocket wheel commutator, friction pulley, chain, the chain gear transmission wheel, sprocket wheel, card tooth taut wire, the friction pulley guide wheel, the spool spring coupling plate, the spool spring, card tooth guide peg, CD-ROM drive motor and control box are loaded on hydraulic tongs housing top one side, the lower end of driving gear shaft is connected with driving gear, driven gear and driving gear external toothing, driven gear by bearings on friction pulley, many guide wheels are housed in the groove above the driven gear, be equipped with the friction pulley bottom can the inside and outside card tooth seat that moves, the card tooth is loaded on card tooth seat inboard, the card tooth seat outside is centered on by chain, its lower end, outside of card tooth seat links to each other with the spool spring that resets by wire rope, its outer upper end of card tooth seat is equipped with card tooth guide peg, can slide in friction pulley in card tooth guide peg rear portion, one end of chain links to each other with the inboard of friction pulley, the other end twines on sprocket wheel, sprocket drive gear is positioned at a driven gear outside end relative with driving gear, and mesh with driven gear, be loaded in the same rotating shaft with sprocket wheel, commutator is equipped with in this upper end.
6, power slip, how be same straight line with threeway, preventer, hydraulic pressure chain wrench center line, upwards aim at the sleeve elevator that is used to lift by crane oil pipe or sucker rod, sleeve elevator top load-bearing flange snaps in flap seat, the sleeve elevator can rotate in flap seat and slide down power, and flap seat upwards links to each other with the tractor hoist travelling block by suspension ring.The sleeve elevator body is a cylinder, the bottom is provided with guiding surface, above guiding surface, radially offer two with upper groove, insert a card tooth in each groove, the card tooth is a cuboid, inner face is the inclined-plane, the middle part has card tooth driver slot from top to bottom, wherein one side is a guiding surface, push rod passes therethrough, spring leaf, symmetrical being installed on the push rod of card tooth driven roller, and be embedded in the card tooth driver slot, wherein block the tooth driven roller and be slidingly connected with card tooth guiding surface, the lower end of push rod passes the connection throw-out collar from lower cartridge, and card tooth stop and resetting-mechanism are by touching handle, clamping block and holddown spring radially are loaded on the foot of sleeve elevator body, on the card tooth upper sleeve elevator inwall unloading sensing device is installed, by touching handle and back-moving spring is formed; The core tube body is the pipe of a hollow, is installed in the oil pipe sleeve elevator, and its lower end is a connector, connector be the sealing awl that cooperates with the oil pipe end hole bottom, sealing awl rear portion is a thrust bearing structure, the core pipe upwards passes from core pipe driving mechanism; Core pipe driving mechanism is fixed on the load-bearing flange at sleeve elevator top by thrust bearing, mainly form by CD-ROM drive motor, driving gear, driven gear, housing and lock handle, driven pulley by peripheral slide-bar and bearing fixing in housing, the centre is provided with screwed hole, and the screw thread rotation prefabricated with core pipe top cooperates.Core pipe top is for falling " L " bend pipe structure, and its overhanging end is connected to a valve, and the valve other end is connected to a short tube that can be connected with flexible pipe.Portion connecting structure is identical with the oil pipe end structure on the sucker rod sleeve elevator, snaps in the oil pipe sleeve elevator; The bottom Elevator structure is identical with oil pipe sleeve elevator, but physical dimension is smaller; Sucker rod sleeve elevator middle part is a tube connector, and two parts link together up and down.
7, mechanical arm, mechanical arm drive unit, mechanical arm brake gear are installed on the changeed gripper shoe on the flap seat, can change that an end has circular hole on the gripper shoe, be enclosed within on the column part of flap seat bottom, mechanical arm can rotate around flap seat, can make full use of the well site oil pipe space of arranging.Mechanical arm principal arm structure is the circular pin of hollow, and the principal arm cylinder is housed in the principal arm, and the cylinder piston rod lower end links to each other with auxiliary, auxiliary can move up and down with the principal arm cylinder piston rod, auxiliary lower end and manipulator are hinged, and principal arm upper shaft and gearbox link, and can rotate around upper shaft.Manipulator and mechanical arm auxiliary lower end are hinged, manipulator comprises the manipulator clamping block, mechanical arm drive mechanism, the manipulator mandrel, the manipulator junction plate, manipulator spline pin mount, manipulator spline pin drives cylinder, manipulator spline pin, the manipulator connecting axle, the clamping roller, clamping roller seat, support bar, back-moving spring, the clamping roller axle, manipulator passes through junction plate, connecting axle and manipulator mounting rod are installed on the auxiliary lower end with mechanical arm, the manipulator connecting axle is equipped with the bearing pin rotation stop device, and the bearing pin rotation stop device drives cylinder by manipulator spline pin, cooperate with the spline pin and the grafting of the hole on the manipulator connecting axle of cylinder interlock; Manipulator is a left and right sides two halves structure, and left and right sides two halves housing can rotate around mandrel, and the clamping block at manipulator rear portion is a wedge structure, and the clamping block rear portion links to each other with the driving cylinder, is processed with the multiple tracks concaveconvex structure on the clamping roller outer wall.Manipulator is the blue structure of three-layer process, and support bar passes flange, and the clamping roller whenever partly is housed between the adjacent two layers flange, and the clamping roller is installed in the groove of clamping roller seat, and the clamping roller can rotate around the axle of self; Clamping roller seat is loaded on the support bar, and can slide up and down along support bar, is with back-moving spring on the support bar below the clamping roller seat, to play axial locking effect; Fix by left adjusting nut and right adjusting nut between manipulator mounting rod and the mechanical arm auxiliary, manipulator chucking sensor is installed between adjacent clamping roller seat.After the manipulator closure, the outer side bus of clamping roller is positioned on the same circumference, and the support bar symmetry is positioned on the bus of a conical surface, the clamping roller is got over to lower slider along alignment pin, the outer formed circle of side bus of clamping roller is more little, thereby can tighten oil pipe or sucker rod, and has the self-tightening effect.
8, flap seat one side is connected with guide rail by junction plate, the guide rail vertical fixing near well head, and with derrick as supplemental support; Guide rail is an i shaped steel, and two supports, directive wheel respectively are housed in the grooves on two sides, and this is taken turns and can slide in groove, and guide rail is connected with derrick by the hydraulic pressure connecting rod.Automatic control system is made up of programmable logic controller PLC193 and corresponding sensor.
9, carry out sucker rod when loading and unloading, oil pipe sleeve elevator bottom snaps in sucker rod sleeve elevator, is followed successively by more than the wellhead flange that sucker rod is self-styled, power slip, sucker rod loading and unloading positioning tube, hydraulic pressure chain wrench, sucker rod guiding mechanism.Sucker rod is self-styled to be made up of lower flange, cylindrical shell, rubber fuse, gland and upper flange, lower flange cooperates with wellhead flange, and be welded to connect with cylindrical shell, the rubber fuse is loaded in the cylindrical shell, its top conical surface cooperatively interacts, and gland places above the rubber fuse, and the gland upper surface contacts with upper flange, upper flange is connected by flange with cylindrical shell, tightens upper flange and makes gland compress the rubber fuse simultaneously.Proclaim oneself the sleeve elevator on the power slip and back down element.Sucker rod loading and unloading positioning tube upper flange down are connected with hydraulic pressure chain wrench lower flange, and lower flange is connected with fixing elevator upper flange, installs alignment sensor under the sucker rod in the middle part of the positioning tube.Hydraulic link clamp main body base plate bottom one side is equipped with alignment sensor on the sucker rod, on the hydraulic pressure chain wrench loam cake sucker rod guiding mechanism is housed, each cover about the sucker rod guiding mechanism, every covering device is made up of bearing, cylinder, cylinder control box, guide pad, tailpiece of the piston rod junction plate, guiding awl, the bearing lower end is connected with hydraulic pressure chain wrench loam cake by bolt, be connected with cylinder above, piston rod passes guide pad and links to each other with the end junction plate, and junction plate is connected by bolt with the guiding awl.
The major advantage of this device has: 1) self-styled up and down all is built-in self-styled, when removing large diameter downhole tool, has saved the link of dismantling self-styled housing with existing self-styled comparing; 2) when the carry potential overflow operation, how can dredge flow direction contaminated-oil basin in the oil pipe with threeway, core seal of tube awl can seal oil pipe, prevent that liquid is sent forth in the oil pipe in the air, contaminated equipment and well site, and when blowout took place, core seal of tube head can seal oil pipe rapidly, connects hose (or other pipeline) open flow or kill-job; 3) the hydraulic pressure chain wrench is that chain twines clamping type, and therefore the scope of chucking is bigger, can more than unload the downhole tool that is greater than or less than tubing diameter; 4) power slip cooperates with the sleeve elevator and need not to switch elevator and dislodging suspension ring; 5) mechanical arm and manipulator snatch, transfer and dock the oil pipe function, saved the push-and-pull jigger, manually docked the oil pipe link; 6) guide rail can also guarantee that mechanical arm docks oil pipe accurately at strong wind weather, the sleeve elevator is accurately aimed at well head and picked up oil pipe when offsetting the mechanical arm moment of torsion, has realized all weather operations; 7) mechanical arm can rotate around flap seat lower cylindrical periphery, can make full use of the well site oil pipe space of arranging; 8) can make full use of existing main workover rig, as tractor hoist, derrick and travelling block etc., cost is low, and is good in economic efficiency; Compact conformation, high efficiency can reduce working strength of workers and danger.
Four, description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is an oil field well workover automatic operation device schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is following self-styled structural representation;
Fig. 3 is the power slip structural representation;
Fig. 4 is an A-A sectional structure schematic diagram among Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a B-B sectional structure schematic diagram among Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 be among Fig. 5 C to schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the three-port structure schematic diagrames of using more;
Fig. 8 is the preventer structural representation;
Fig. 9 is an A-A sectional structure schematic diagram among Fig. 8;
Figure 10 is a hydraulic link wrench structure schematic diagram;
Figure 11 is an A-A sectional structure schematic diagram among Figure 10;
Figure 12 is the robot manipulator structure schematic diagram;
Figure 13 is an A-A sectional structure schematic diagram among Figure 12;
Figure 14 is a B-B sectional structure schematic diagram among Figure 12;
Figure 15 is the mechanical arm structural representation;
Figure 16 is a G-G sectional structure schematic diagram among Figure 15;
Figure 17 is a H-H sectional structure schematic diagram among Figure 16;
Figure 18 is an oil pipe sleeve Elevator structure schematic diagram;
Figure 19 is a sucker rod sleeve Elevator structure schematic diagram;
Figure 20 is the guide rail structure schematic diagram;
Figure 21 be among Figure 19 A to view;
Figure 22 is a F-F sectional structure schematic diagram among Figure 19;
Figure 23 is the control system equipment configuration schematic diagram;
Figure 24 is an oil pipe implement configuration schematic diagram;
Figure 25 is a sucker rod implement configuration schematic diagram.
Figure 26 is the self-styled structural representation of sucker rod;
Figure 27 is the sucker rod guiding mechanism;
Five, the specific embodiment:
With reference to the accompanying drawings, be further described:
According to one embodiment of the invention as shown in Figure 1, wherein 1 is self-styled down, the 2nd, and power slip, the 3rd, use threeway more, the 4th, preventer, the 5th, hydraulic pressure chain wrench, the 6th, manipulator, the 7th, mechanical arm, the 8th, oil pipe sleeve elevator, the 9th, mechanical arm drive system, the 10th, mechanical arm brake gear, the 11st, travelling block, the 12nd, suspension ring, the 13rd, flap seat, the 14th, junction plate, the 15th, guide wheel, the 16th, guide rail, the 17th, sucker rod sleeve elevator, the 18th, sucker rod, the 19th, manipulator rotation stop device, the 20th, guide rail auxiliary adjustment mechanism, the 21st, hydraulic link clipper joint flange, the 22nd, the preventer upper flange, the 23rd, the preventer lower flange, the 24th, use the threeway upper flange more, the 25th, the threeway lower flanges of using more, the 26th, the power slip upper flange, the 27th, power slip lower flange, the 28th, wellhead flange, the 29th, tubing hanging seat.Self-styled 1 can be lowered in the well head tubing hanging seat 29 down, power slip 2 lower flanges 27 are connected with wellhead flange 28, power slip 2 upper flanges 26 with how issue flange 25 and be connected with threeway 3, preventer 4 is fixed in many with on threeway 3 upper flanges 24 by its lower flange 23, preventer 4 upper flanges 22 are connected with hydraulic pressure chain wrench 5 bottom adpting flanges 21, power slip 2, how are same straight line with threeway 3, preventer 4, hydraulic pressure chain wrench 5 center lines.Manipulator 6 upper ends and mechanical arm 7 are hinged, mechanical arm 7 is installed on the output shaft of mechanical arm drive system 9, mechanical arm drive system 9 and mechanical arm brake gear 10 are loaded on the changeed gripper shoe of flap seat 13 1 sides respectively, oil pipe sleeve elevator 8 tops snap in the flap seat 13, flap seat 13 upwards links to each other with tractor hoist travelling block 11 by suspension ring 12, flap seat 13 opposite side junction plates 14 are connected with guide wheel 15, guide wheel 15 snaps in the groove of guide rail 16 both sides, guide rail 16 vertical fixing and are supported on the derrick by supplemental support mechanism 20 near well head.
Descend self-styled 1 structure as shown in Figure 2, wherein 30 is steel support rings, the 31st, and rubber fuse, the 32nd, red copper sealing ring, the 33rd, jackscrew, the 34th, tubing hanging seat inner conical surface.Rubber fuse 31 is made an integral body with steel support ring 30, and the conical surface of the outside of steel support ring 30 for matching with tubing hanging seat inner conical surface 34 embeds copper ring 32 on it.
It is many that wherein 59 is threeway bodies with threeway 3 as shown in Figure 7, the 60th, and many with locator sensor in the threeway, the 61st, tubing coupling, the 62nd, the cascading water mouth of pipe, the 63rd, many with threeway lower locating device sensor.How many with locator sensor in the threeway 60 and many with threeway lower locating device sensor with being equipped with in the threeway 3, tubing coupling 61 can be positioned many tops by sensor 61,63 with threeway 3; Threeway body 59 1 sides are provided with the cascading water mouth of pipe 52, and this mouth of pipe can be connected with flexible pipe, are used for auxiliary open flow.
Hydraulic pressure chain wrench 5 is as Figure 10, shown in 11, wherein 76 is spring legs, the 77th, and driving gear, the 78th, driving gear shaft, the 79th, CD-ROM drive motor control box, the 80th, CD-ROM drive motor, the 81st, hydraulic pressure chain wrench housing, the 82nd, chain, the 83rd, driven gear bearing, the 84th, driven gear, the 85th, driven gear guide wheel, the 86th, sprocket wheel commutator, the 87th, chain gear transmission wheel, the 88th, friction pulley, the 89th, sprocket shaft, the 90th, sprocket wheel, the 91st, counter, the 92nd, sucker rod alignment sensor, the 93rd, the card tooth, the 94th, card tooth seat, the 95th, the card tooth steel wire rope that resets, the 96th, friction pulley guide wheel, the 97th, friction plate, the 98th, spool spring, the 99th, card tooth guide peg, the 100th, oil pipe (or sucker rod).Hydraulic pressure chain wrench 5 comprises two parts up and down, and the bottom is made up of spring legs 76 and adpting flange 21, and top is hydraulic pressure chain wrench 5 main bodys.CD-ROM drive motor 80 and control box 79 are loaded on hydraulic pressure chain wrench 5 housings 81 tops one side, the input pressure of control box 79 control hydraulic motors 80, conversion oil-feed direction, as requested conversion oil pipe and sucker rod on unload moment of torsion and hydraulic motor 80 rotation direction, with finish oil pipe and sucker rod on unload.The lower end that hydraulic motor is 80 is connected by case butt coupling with the upper end of driving gear shaft 78, driving gear 77 is installed in the bottom of driving gear shaft 78, driven gear 84 and driving gear 77 external toothings, driven gear 84 lower ends are supported on the friction pulley 88 by bearing 83, its upper end has cannelure, being installed in the guide wheel 85 that a plurality of annulars of housing upper inside wall arrange embeds in the cannelure on driven gears 84 tops, cannelure inwall (or outer wall) friction wheel external diameter rotated guide wheel when driven gear 84 rotated, thereby driven gear 84 is played location and guiding function.Install on a plurality of friction wheel guide wheels 96 in housing 81 bottom surfaces annular, friction wheel guide wheel 96 upper surfaces are screwed annular friction sheet 97, friction wheel 88 lower annular recess end faces are supported on the annular friction sheet 97, the cannelure lateral support is on friction wheel guide wheel 96 sides, and can move around the circular orbit that friction wheel guide wheel 96 forms, the friction wheel guide wheel is used for supporting, locatees and the guiding friction wheel rotates; Friction wheel 88 supports dress parts thereon, and the friction by producing with wearing piece 97 when the chucking oil pipe makes friction wheel 88 motionless, thereby makes sprocket wheel 90 tightly wrap chain 82, tighten up card tooth 93, tightens oil pipe.Card tooth 93 is embedded on the card tooth seat 94, card tooth seat 94 is installed on the card tooth guide peg 99, four card tooth guide pegs 99 are centrosymmetric friction wheel 88 inboards that are installed in friction wheel 88 centers of circle, only need a pair of card tooth seat 94 that card tooth 93 is installed during work, all the other a pair of is played support chains 82, and card tooth 93 can be changed with last oil discharge pipe or sucker rod.Card tooth guide peg 99 is divided into two joints, and a joint is slidingly mounted in the groove on friction wheel 88 tops for sleeve, and another joint is installed in the sleeve for solid hopkinson bar, and two joints are all scalable, thereby card tooth seat 94 is moved forward and backward along the flexible direction of guide peg.Spool spring 98 is installed in friction wheel 88 bottoms by junction plate, and will block tooth seat 94 and strain by the card tooth wire rope 95 that resets.Chain 82 1 ends are fixed on friction wheel 88 inwalls, and the other end passes from card tooth seat 94 outsides along friction wheel 88 inboards, form a chain circle and will block tooth seat 94, card tooth 93 hoops in circle, join with sprocket wheel 90 then, and the position of sprocket wheel 90 is relative with the chain fixed end.Sprocket wheel 90 is connected with sprocket drive gear 87 by power transmission shaft 89, sprocket drive gear 87 and driven gear 84 engagements, and commutator 86 is equipped with in power transmission shaft 89 upper ends; Be the compression spring in the middle of the commutator 86, two ends are the slide block that has the inclined-plane, and slide block and length of spring compressed are assemblied in the groove of power transmission shaft 89 upper ends; After hydraulic-driven power was cut off, under the tension of spool spring, chain resetted, and drove sprocket wheel 90 and power transmission shaft 89 counter-rotatings, and commutator inclined-plane and travelling gear are done relative motion, and formed overdrive clutch, the resistance when the minimizing chain resets; Otherwise when hydraulic-driven power was opened, driven pulley 84 drove drive 87 contrary commutator 86 inclined-planes and rotates, and slide block is stuck in the keyway of travelling gear 87, and hydraulic tongs is started working; Commutator can be changed installation direction according to the requirement of last oil discharge pipe.During hydraulic pressure chain wrench preparation, at first respective direction is adjusted on the commutator inclined-plane, CD-ROM drive motor 80 drives driving gear 77, driven gear 84, sprocket drive gear 87, sprocket wheel 90 rotations successively, sprocket wheel twines chain 82 simultaneously, chain 82 rings are constantly shunk, and drive card tooth 93, card tooth seat 94 and under the support of guide peg 99 and guiding, shrink to oil pipe and draw close, finally make card tooth 93 tighten oil pipes (or sucker rod); At this moment, chain 82 has been tightened, sprocket wheel 90 and chain gear transmission wheel 87 can't rotate, and sprocket wheel 90, chain gear transmission wheel 87 become one with driven pulley 84, follows that driven pulley 84 drives chains 90 and friction wheel 88 rotates around oil pipe, begins to go up oil discharge pipe.After last oil discharge pipe finished, motor 80 cut out, and spool spring 98 drives chain 82 by the wire rope 95 pulling card tooth seats 94 that reset and resets.Alignment sensor 92 is installed on hydraulic pressure chain wrench housing 81 base plate bottoms one side on the rod collar, can be according to its height of rod collar size adjustment with respect to hydraulic pressure chain wrench card tooth 93, need only unclamp the hold-down nut at box cupling alignment sensor 92 two ends on the hydraulic pressure chain wrench, move to proper height, tighten then.
Oil pipe sleeve elevator 8 as shown in figure 18, wherein 11 is travelling block, 12 is suspension ring, 13 is flap seat, and 126 for can change gripper shoe, and 133 is sleeve elevator load-bearing flange, the 143rd, the card tooth resets and touches handle, the 144th, clamping block holddown spring, the 145th, card tooth push rod clamping block, the 146th, tubing coupling, 147 core pipe thrust bearing structures, the 148th, core tube clamp device spring bearing structure, the 149th, core tube clamp device spline baffle plate, the 150th, hold down gag driving gear, the 151st, the hold down gag driven gear, the 152nd, CD-ROM drive motor control box, the 153rd, CD-ROM drive motor, the 154th, core pipe valve, the 155th, core pipe hose coupling, the 156th, unloading sensing mechanism, the 157th, flap seat ear-hang, the 158th, the core seal of tube, the 159th, the core pipe, the 160th, core pipe lower end sealing awl, the 161st, Ka Yanei pushes away spring leaf, and the 162nd, sleeve elevator card tooth, the 163rd, card tooth push rod, the 164th, card tooth stop and resetting means assembly, the 165th, back-moving spring, the 166th, throw-out collar.Oil pipe sleeve elevator top load-bearing flange 133 snaps in flap seat 13, and flap seat ear-hang 157 links to each other with tractor hoist travelling block 11 by suspension ring 12.Oil pipe sleeve elevator 8 main body profiles are cylindrical, inside is through-hole structure, the lower end is provided with guiding surface, and card tooth 162 is loaded in the groove of elevator body 8 bottoms, card tooth 162 tops one end distance from oil pipe sleeve elevator 8 main body barrel places some is housed unload set sensor 201.Card tooth 162 is a cuboid, inner face is that inclined-plane, middle part have card tooth driver slot from top to bottom, wherein one side is a guiding surface, push rod 163 passes therethrough, spring leaf 161, symmetrical being installed on the push rod 163 of card tooth driven roller, and be embedded in the card tooth driver slot, wherein blocking the tooth driven roller is slidingly connected with card tooth guiding surface, the lower end of push rod passes the connection throw-out collar from lower cartridge, and card tooth stop and resetting-mechanism are by touching the foot that handle 143, clamping block 145 and holddown spring 144 radially are loaded on sleeve elevator 8 main bodys.Push rod 163, card tooth 162, spring leaf 161 be totally 4 covers.Tubing coupling 146 collision card teeth 162 lower bevel force card tooth 162 outer moving, and box cupling 146 is entered in the sleeve elevator, and card tooth 162 resets under the effect of spring leaf 161, and tubing coupling 146 is stuck on the upper plane of card tooth 162.The opening device 130,131 of sleeve elevator promotes throw-out collar 166, push rod 163 push card tooth driven roller driver card tooth guiding surfaces, makes elevator tooth 162 outer moving, and can discharge oil pipe.Card tooth stop and resetting-mechanism 164 have two covers, axis with the sleeve elevator is the center, in the lower channel that is installed in sleeve elevator 8 of symmetry, by touching handle 143, clamping block 145 and back-moving spring 144 are formed, the hemispherical end of touching handle 143 is stretched to interior week, touching handle 143 bar portions is with and touches handle back-moving spring 144, the other end that touches handle 143 links to each other with clamping block 145, there is groove at clamping block 145 middle parts, and groove inwall outer end is provided with profile of tooth card tooth, have push rod 163 to pass in the middle of the groove, push rod 163 bottoms also are provided with profile of tooth card tooth, under the effect of back-moving spring 144, clamping block 145 chucking push rods 163, the card tooth is meshing with each other and can pins push rod 163.When playing oil pipe, go downwards to many with in the threeway 3 time when sleeve elevator 8 blocks oil pipe, oil pipe is blocked by power slips 2, sleeve elevator 8 continues descending, in the arrival during self-styled upper surface, throw-out collar 166 is blocked can not be descending, sleeve elevator 8 compression push rod back-moving springs 144, push rod 163 is up, promotes to move behind the sleeve elevator card tooth 162 the profile of tooth card tooth engagement of profile of tooth card tooth and clamping block 145 on the push rod 163 simultaneously by card tooth driven roller, push rod 163 is stuck, elevator tooth 162 can't reset, and at this moment sleeve elevator 8 is up, and oil pipe joint hoop is deviate from from sleeve elevator 8, the hemispherical ends of handle 143 is touched in the tubing coupling lower end, promote clamping block 145 outer moving, push rod 163 is descending under push rod back-moving spring 165 promotes, and sleeve elevator 8 card teeth 162 reset.Core pipe 159 is installed on the top of oil pipe sleeve elevator 8, and core pipe 159 main bodys are the pipe of a hollow, and its lower end is a connector, connector be the sealing awl 160 that cooperates with tubing coupling 146 holes bottom, sealing awl rear portion is a thrust bearing structure 147; Core pipe 146 upwards passes, and passes the spring bearing 148 and the driven gear 151 of core pipe driving mechanism from sleeve elevator 8 tops; Core pipe drive mechanism housing is fixed on the load-bearing flange 133 at sleeve elevator 8 tops by thrust bearing 148, signal is passed to control box 152, CD-ROM drive motor 153 rotates, make driving gear 150 drive driven gear 151 and rotate, spline baffle plate 149 makes not unitary rotation of hold down gag, and makes 159 rotations of core pipe, the screw thread on core pipe 159 tops and the threaded engagement of driven gear 151, compress core pipe 159 downwards, core pipe 159 lower ends sealing awl 160 is cooperated, with tubing coupling 146 holes with realization sand washing operation; Core pipe 159 tops are for falling " L " bend pipe structure, and its overhanging end is connected to a valve 154, and the valve other end is connected to a short tube 155 that can be connected with flexible pipe.
Sucker rod sleeve elevator 17 as shown in figure 19, wherein 167 is top chucking links, the 168th, middle adapter, the 169th, the elevator part, 170 card tooth push rods, the 171st, Ka Yanei pushes away spring leaf, the 172nd, the pumping rod fasterner tooth, the 173rd, card tooth stop resetting-mechanism, 174 push rod back-moving springs, 175 throw-out collars, the 176th, push rod clamping block garter spring, the 177th, the push rod clamping block, the 178th, touch handle, the 179th, sucker rod unloading converyer.Upper linker 167 is identical with the tubing coupling structure, can snap in the oil pipe sleeve elevator 8, as shown in fig. 1; Bottom elevator part 169 is identical with oil pipe sleeve elevator 8 bottoms, but physical dimension and sucker rod adapt; The middle part is a tube connector 168.Sucker rod sleeve elevator 17 is identical with the operating principle of oil pipe sleeve elevator 8, apart from card tooth one segment distance place installing sucker rod unloading converyer 179, does not give unnecessary details at this on sleeve elevator 17 barrels.But when playing lower sucker rod, elevator is opened cylinder 130 will be along axis Rotate 180 °, and the card tooth stretches out sensor 129 and power slip chucking sensor 201 will be displaced downwardly to the relevant position, as shown in figure 25.
Automatic control system adopts standard programmable logic controller and respective sensor to form, and as shown in figure 23, programmable logic controller is identical with the principle of existing common apparatus with principle of sensors, does not give unnecessary details at this.Wherein, the 79th, the hydraulic motor control box, the 45th, the power slip driver, the 63rd, alignment sensor under the threeway, the 60th, alignment sensor in the threeway, the 69th, the tube clipper flashboard drives cylinder, the 92nd, alignment sensor on the hydraulic tongs rod collar (or preventer switching sensor), the 91st, hydraulic tongs number of turns register, the 102nd, the manipulator motor, the 113rd, oil pipe (sucker rod) chucking sensor, the 189th, manipulator spline cylinder control box, the 190th, movable elevator is opened the cylinder control box, the 125th, mechanical arm principal arm cylinder control box, the 129th, movable elevator card crest goes out sensor, 127 mechanical arm rotational positioning sensors, the 9th, mechanical arm drive unit, the 136th, mechanical arm brake electric control valve, the 137th, mechanical arm brake flow transmitter, the 152nd, core tube clamp device hydraulic motor control box, the 201st, unload set sensor, the 191st, the operator control panel, the 192nd, the lever sensor, the 193rd, PLC programmable logic controller, the 194th, indicator lamp a, the 195th, indicator lamp b, the 208th, alignment sensor under the sucker rod, the 213rd, sucker rod guiding mechanism cylinder control box.Between each sensor and the PLC193 controller signal transmission is arranged, PLC193 requires execution command according to the program that sets, and controls finishing of each device action.
The component configuration that normally removes oil pipe and sucker rod operation is shown in Figure 24,25, wherein 196 is core tube clamp devices, the 197th, the top oil pipe, the 198th, the oil pipe that manipulator is caught, the 199th, tubing coupling, the 200th, the oil pipe of bottom, the sucker rod that 202 manipulators are caught, the 203rd, top sucker rod, the 204th, rod collar, the 205th, following sucker rod, the 206th, sucker rod guiding mechanism, the 207th, sucker rod loading and unloading positioning tube, the 208th, alignment sensor under the sucker rod, the 209th, the rod elevator opener, the 210th, sucker rod is self-styled, the 211st, tubing hanger, the 212nd, oil pipe.When carrying out the sucker rod loading and unloading, oil pipe sleeve elevator 8 bottoms snap in sucker rod sleeve elevator 17, wellhead flange is followed successively by more than 28 that sucker rod is self-styled 210, power slip 2, sucker rod loading and unloading positioning tube 207, hydraulic pressure chain wrench 3, sucker rod guiding mechanism 206, more than each parts connect by flange.Self-styled 40 is identical on the movable elevator opener of sucker rod 209 profiles and the power slip 2.Sucker rod loading and unloading positioning tube 207 upper flanges down are connected with hydraulic link clipper joint flange 21, and lower flange is connected with power slip 2 upper flanges, alignment sensor 208 under the positioning tube 207 middle parts installing sucker rod.Cover on the hydraulic pressure chain wrench 3 sucker rod guiding mechanism 206 is housed, sucker rod guiding mechanism about 206 each covers are installed on the diametrical position vertical with hydraulic motor 80 diameters of living in.
Sucker rod self-styled 210 as shown in figure 26,214 is lower flanges among the figure, the 215th, cylindrical shell, the 216th, upper flange, the 217th, gland, the 218th, sucker rod, the 219th, rubber fuse.Lower flange 214 cooperates with wellhead flange 28, and be welded to connect with cylindrical shell 215, rubber fuse 219 is loaded in the cylindrical shell 215, its top conical surface cooperatively interacts, gland 217 places above the rubber fuse 219, gland 217 upper surfaces contact with upper flange 216, and upper flange 216 and cylindrical shell 215 are connected by flange, tighten upper flange 216 and make gland 217 compress rubber fuse 219 simultaneously.
Sucker rod guiding mechanism 206 as shown in figure 27, wherein 213 is to drive the cylinder control box, the 220th, bearing, the 221st, drive cylinder, the 222nd, guide pad, the 223rd, piston rod, the 224th, tailpiece of the piston rod junction plate, the 225th, guiding cone, the 226th, sucker rod, the 227th, another set of guiding mechanism.Bearing 220 lower ends are connected with hydraulic pressure chain wrench 3 loam cakes 81 by bolt, above the bearing 220 with drive cylinder 221 and be connected, piston rod 223 passes guide pad 222 and links to each other with end junction plate 224, junction plate 224 is connected by bolt with the cone 225 of leading.
Normal running program such as following:
One, well pulling job
1. press " playing oil pipe " key on the auxiliary control panel 191.
2.PLC193 programmable logic controller 193 initialisation oil pipe program and relevant devices, and provide indication, it is bright " to play the oil pipe key " on the auxiliary control panel, and relevant device has been in the oil pipe state.
3. driver operation descends travelling block, lever sensor 192 provides signal, programmable logic controller 193 provides instruction mechanical arm 7 abductions, exhibition is to becoming 70 ° with oil pipe sleeve elevator center line, mechanical arm rotational positioning sensor 127 is given programmable logic controller PLC193 signal: 1. mechanical arm brake gear 10 actions, and mechanical arm drive unit 9 stops; 2. manipulator spline cylinder 110 venting, the spline pin withdraws from, and manipulator 6 can rotate in certain angle.
4. oil pipe sleeve elevator 8 arrives hydraulic pressure chain wrench bottom preventer and opens and closes sensor 92, and signal passes to PLC193, and PLC193 sends instruction, and preventer 4 flashboards are opened fully.
5. travelling block 11 continues to fall, sleeve elevator 8 arrives alignment sensor 63 under the threeway, and signal passes to PLC193, shows that box cupling snaps in sleeve elevator 8, oil pipe 198 touches oil tube bracket in the manipulator 6, and PLC193 sends instruction simultaneously: (1) power slip power source is closed; (2) manipulator is opened, and oil pipe falls.
6. sleeve elevator 8 blocks the oil pipe rising subsequently, and when next root tubing coupling 199 arrival threeway bottom alignment sensor 63, PLC193 sends instruction: 1. brake indicating lamp a is bright, and the prompting driver prepares brake; 2. principal arm cylinder, manipulator spline pin cylinder fill vapour, carry out the preparation that connects drain line.
7. box cupling 199 arrives alignment sensor 60 in the threeway, and a indicator lamp goes out, and the driver checks car, following drain line, when oil pipe joint hoop arrived alignment sensor once more, the b indicator lamp was bright, PLC193 sends instruction: 1. power slip 39 is opened and is blocked following oil pipe 200, and oil pipe is descending to be stopped; 2. preventer cuts out.
8. the sleeve elevator continues descendingly, and when unloading set sensor 201 and backed down by oil pipe joint hoop in the sleeve elevator, PLC193 receives signal, sends instruction: 1. a indicator lamp is bright, shows that the sleeve elevator is unloaded, and the driver checks car; 2. hydraulic pressure chain wrench 5 power sources are open-minded, beginning oil discharge pipe 197.This moment, mechanical arm 7 was turned back to vertical position simultaneously, just caught the oil pipe in shackle.
9. after counter 91 value is greater than certain value, give the PLC193 signal, show that oil pipe 197 has unloaded, driver operation travelling block 11 proposes wellhead assembly with oil pipe.
10. manually the handle sensor connects the signal to PLC193,124 venting of principal arm cylinder, simultaneously, it is up that sleeve elevator 8 is opened cylinder 131, promotes push rod and back down card tooth 162, and this moment, oil pipe 197 and manipulator auxiliary fell simultaneously, oil pipe leaves sleeve elevator 8, but still is caught by manipulator.
11. moving (driver operation) sleeve elevator of lever descends, lever sensor 192 provides signal, mechanical arm 7 abductions simultaneously.
12. repeating step 3～11.
Two, oil pipe operation down.
1. press " oil pipe down " key on the auxiliary control panel 191.
2.PLC193 oil pipe program and relevant device under 193 initialization, and provide indication, " the following oil pipe key " on the auxiliary control panel 191 is bright, and relevant device is in oil pipe state down.
3. moving (driver operation) sleeve elevator of lever is descending, and lever sensor 192 provides signal simultaneously, and mechanical arm 7 unclamps first-class oil pipe abduction, and exhibition is to providing signal with 8 one-tenth 70 ° of rotary spacing devices 127 of sleeve elevator, and mechanical arm drive unit 9 stops, and brake; 110 venting of manipulator spline cylinder, spline pin 111 withdraws from, and manipulator 6 can rotate in certain angle, carries out the preparation of next root oil pipe of snatch.
4. sleeve elevator 8 arrives hydraulic pressure chain wrench bottom preventer and opens and closes sensor 92, and signal passes to PLC193, and PLC193 sends instruction, and preventer 4 flashboards (65,66) are opened.
5. continue descendingly, sleeve elevator 8 arrives alignment sensor 63 under the threeways, and signal passes to PLC193, and return instruction is opened power slip 39 power sources, chucking oil pipe 200; At this moment, snap in oil pipe on the tubing rack in the manipulator 6
6. 199, and touch the sensor 113 at rear portion, signal passes to PLC193, provides instruction, manipulator 6 closures.
7. sleeve elevator 8 continues descendingly, and the compression push rod backs down the card tooth, and locking mechanism pins push rod, and card tooth can not be resetted, and sleeve elevator 8 rises then, and the oil pipe joint binds round 199 to be deviate from from the sleeve elevator and touch locking mechanism, and the card tooth is resetted.
8. sleeve elevator 8 continues to rise, and when opening and closing sensor 92 by preventer, PLC193 receives signal and sends the instruction of closing preventer, and preventer cuts out.When mechanical arm reach a certain height, mechanical arm brake valve 136 is opened, mechanical arm 7 drives manipulators and is grabbing oil pipe and be turned back to when keeping same straight line with sleeve elevator 8 centers, position sensor 129 is given the PLC193 signal, return instruction, make master cylinder 124 inflations, making oil pipe 198 back down the card tooth enters in the sleeve elevator, block tooth simultaneously and stretch out sleeve elevator outer wall, touch sensor 129, return instruction, make 124 venting of principal arm cylinder, manipulator is being grabbed oil pipe 197 and is being fallen simultaneously, and oil pipe joint hoop drops on 162 of the card teeth, and oil pipe is blocked by the sleeve elevator.
9. travelling block 11 falls, oil pipe 197 descends, when oil pipe does not hold the preventer that arrives under the hydraulic pressure chain wrench to open and close sensor 92, ram block (65,66) is opened, oil pipe is not held in the middle and lower part tubing coupling 199 under the guiding of guide rail 16, travelling block 11 continues to fall, joint hoop in the sleeve elevator backs down unloading sensing mechanism 156 and gives the PLC193 signal, 1. a indicator lamp 194 is bright, illustrate that oil pipe joint hoop has left the card tooth, the unloading of card tooth, can more than connect oil pipe, brake driver, the sleeve elevator stops descending; 2. hydraulic pressure chain wrench 5 begins to rotate, and tightens oil pipe 197.
10. after having gone up oil pipe (register 91 is given the PLC193 signal): 1. close the hydraulic pressure chain wrench; 2. manipulator 6 unclamps oil pipe, mechanical arm 7 abductions; 3. power slip is closed;
11. driver control sleeve elevator sticks, and the oil pipe that has connected is up, the slip insert that drives power slip simultaneously is up, and slips is opened, and the driver checks car.At this moment, mechanical arm 7 exhibitions reach rotary spacing device 127 positions, and PLC193 sends batch order, 110 venting of manipulator spline cylinder, and spline pin 111 withdraws from, and manipulator 6 can rotate within the specific limits.
12. driver's releasing of brake oil pipe is descending, when sleeve elevator 8 sticks oil pipe arrival hydraulic pressure chain wrench bottom preventer switching sensor 92, PLC193 sends instruction, ram block (65,66) is opened fully, sleeve elevator 8 sticks oil pipe and continues descendingly, and when arriving under the threeway alignment sensor 63, PLC193 sends instruction, power slip 39 is opened, chucking oil pipe 198; At this moment, snap in the oil pipe on the tubing rack in the manipulator, and touch the sensor 113 at rear portion, signal passes to PLC193, provides instruction, manipulator 6 closures.
13. repeating step 6～11.Three, play the sucker rod operation
1. press " manual priority " key on the auxiliary control panel 191, manual operation snaps in oil pipe sleeve elevator 8 with sucker rod sleeve elevator 17, and by core pipe hold-down mechanism 196, with sucker rod sleeve elevator 17 chuckings.
2. press " playing sucker rod " key on the auxiliary control panel 191, PLC193 initialisation sucker rod program and relevant device, and provide indication, " the playing the sucker rod key " on the auxiliary control panel 191 is bright.Relevant device has been in the sucker rod state, and sucker rod guiding mechanism 206 is in fully open position all the time.
3. moving (driver operation) travelling block of lever descends, and lever sensor 192 provides signal simultaneously, mechanical arm 7 abductions, and exhibition is to becoming 70 ° of stops 127 to provide signal with the sleeve elevator, and mechanical arm drive unit 9 stops, and brake; 110 venting of manipulator 6 spline cylinders, spline pin 111 withdraws from, and manipulator 6 can rotate within the specific limits, carries out the preparation of putting sucker rod.
4. continue to fall, sleeve elevator 17 arrives the alignment sensor 208 in the sucker rod loading and unloading positioning tube 207, and signal passes to PLC193, shows that box cupling snaps in sleeve elevator 17.Sucker rod 202 touches the sucker rod support in the manipulator 6 simultaneously, and PLC193 provides instruction: 1. the power slip power source is closed; 2. manipulator spline pin fills vapour; 3. manipulator 6 is opened sucker rod 202 and is fallen.
5. sleeve elevator 17 and sucker rod rise subsequently, when sucker rod bottom joint hoop 204 passes through hydraulic pressure chain wrench bottom collar locator 92, a indicator lamp 194 is bright, go out by back light, the driver checks car then, puts sucker rod slowly, when the joint hoop arrives joint hoop locator once more, send instruction: power slip is opened, and blocks sucker rod; Mechanical arm brake valve 136 is opened, mechanical arm 7 spinning reductions, and manipulator 6 is caught sucker rod.
6. travelling block 11 falls, and sleeve elevator 17 descends, and the joint hoop in the elevator backs down and unloads set sensor 201, shows the elevator unloading, and PLC193 sends instruction: 1. a indicator lamp is bright, brake driver; 2. the hydraulic tongs pincers are opened, and unload sucker rod 203.
7. sucker rod joint hoop leaves the card tooth, 17 unloadings of sleeve elevator, and power slip chucking sensor 201 is given the PLC193 signal, feeds back to signal and makes brake driver, and hydraulic pressure chain wrench 5 rotates, and unloads sucker rod 203.
8. after counter 91 reaches a fixing turn, give the PLC193 signal, hydraulic tongs is closed.The driver proposes wellhead assembly with sucker rod, and the handle sensor is opened, 124 venting of principal arm cylinder, and it is up that sleeve elevator 17 is opened cylinder 130, backs down the card tooth, and sucker rod 203 and manipulator 6 fall, and manipulator 6 is still being grabbed sucker rod.
9. repeated for 3～7 steps.
Four, lower sucker rod operation
1. press " manual priority " key on the auxiliary control panel 191, manual operation snaps in oil pipe sleeve elevator 8 with sucker rod sleeve elevator 17, and by core pipe hold-down mechanism 196, with sucker rod sleeve elevator 17 chuckings.
2. press " lower sucker rod " key on the auxiliary control panel 191, PLC193 initialization lower sucker rod program and relevant device, and provide indication, " the lower sucker rod key " on the auxiliary control panel 191 is bright.Relevant device is in the lower sucker rod state, and sucker rod guiding mechanism 206 is in the closed position all the time.
3. it is descending that moving (driver operation) sleeve elevator of lever sticks sucker rod, and lever sensor 192 provides signal simultaneously, and sucker rod guiding mechanism 206 fills vapour, mechanical arm 7 abductions, exhibition is to providing signal with 17 one-tenth 70 ° of stops 127 of sleeve elevator, and mechanical arm drive unit 9 stops, and brake; 110 venting of manipulator spline cylinder, spline pin 111 withdraws from, and manipulator 6 can rotate within the specific limits, carries out the preparation of grabbing sucker rod.
4. work as rod collar and dock with following box cupling through guiding mechanism 206 guiding, sucker rod stops, and the sleeve elevator continues descending, and the joint hoop in the elevator backs down and unloads set sensor 201, shows the elevator unloading, and PLC193 sends and criticizes order: 1. indicator lamp is bright, and the driver checks car; 2. 5 startups of hydraulic pressure chain wrench tighten this oil pipe.
5. after counter 91 reached a fixing turn, PLC193 sent instruction: 1. the hydraulic pressure chain wrench cuts out; 2. sucker rod guiding mechanism 206 standard-sized sheets; 3. the power slip power source is closed.
6. carry sucker rod on the driver, slips is opened, driver's releasing of brake, and sucker rod is descending.Alignment sensor 208 in sleeve elevator 17 arrival sucker rod loading and unloading positioning tubes 207, signal passes to PLC193, and return instruction makes power slip 39 chucking sucker rods 205.
7. sleeve elevator 17 and mechanical arm 7 continuation are descending, and compress push rod and back down card tooth 172, and 170 locked 177 of push rods block simultaneously.At this moment, manipulator 6 contact sucker rods 202, sucker rod 202 snaps in the manipulator 6 in the time of decline, and sucker rod 202 touches the sensor 113 in the manipulator, and the PLC193 return instruction makes manipulator 6 closures.
8. sleeve elevator 17 rises subsequently, and manipulator 6 grabs that sucker rod rises on the landing ground bridge, and the joint hoop 204 of the sucker rod 205 of G.I.H breaks away from from the sleeve elevator simultaneously, and hits scotch and touch handle card tooth 172 is resetted.
9. sleeve elevator 17 continues to rise, and behind the segment distance, mechanical arm brake valve 136 is opened, mechanical arm 7 revolutions, and 110 inflations of manipulator spline cylinder, manipulator 6 pins, and its Clamping Center line is consistent with sleeve elevator 17 centers; In the time of vertically, position sensor 129 is given the PLC193 signal, return instruction makes master cylinder 124 inflations, makes sucker rod 203 snap in sleeve elevator 17, the card tooth is not held in housing and is stretched out, touch sensor 129, return instruction drops on 172 of the card teeth principal arm cylinder 124 venting sucker rods 203, manipulator 6 falls simultaneously, and 6 on manipulator plays the assist location effect.
10. repeating step 3～9 goes on foot.
Five, sand washing (or kill-job) and other operations
After the step 11 in following drain line process, increase the sand washing operation, promptly press by " sand washing button " on the auxiliary control panel 191 among Figure 23, core pipe driving mechanism 196 is depressed core pipe 159, and its lower end sealing awl 160 snaps in tubing coupling, and sealing, water under high pressure through take over 155, valve 154, core pipe 159 arrive oil pipes, carry out the sand washing operation, flushing finishes, and driving mechanism 196 lifts.Carry out subsequent step.
For special operation condition, can press among Figure 23 on the auxiliary control panel 191 " manual priority " button, carry out manual operation.
Claims (24)
1, a kind of oil field well workover automatic operation device, comprise the suspension apparatus that the travelling block, suspension ring, elevator, the bracing frame that are installed in well head top formed and be installed in self-styled, the hydraulic tongs of oil pipe on the well head, it is characterized in that: this device also is included in the power slip that connected by flange between the self-styled and hydraulic tongs of oil pipe, uses threeway more, and automaton, wherein power slip comprises power slip casing, slip spider, slips, slips driving mechanism; Many with the upper and lower displacement transducer that is equipped with respectively of threeway, a side is provided with the cascading water mouth of pipe; Automaton is made up of programmable logic controller PLC and corresponding sensor, control circuit.
2, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this device also comprises manipulator and the mechanical arm that is installed in flap seat one side, described manipulator comprises driving mechanism and clamping device, clamping device is a left and right sides two halves structure, whenever partly comprise the blue semi-ring of three-layer process, there are several support bars to pass between the flange ring, clamping roller seat is housed on the support bar between the adjacent two layers flange, installing clamping roller in the clamping roller seat inboard groove, the sharp processing of clamping roller has the multiple tracks concaveconvex structure, the centre has the clamping roller axle to pass, clamping roller seat two ends up and down are fixed at these two ends, clamping roller seat can slide up and down along support bar, is with back-moving spring on the support bar below the clamping roller seat, keeps clamping roller seat to be in post upper; The manipulator rear portion is a drive unit, and driver is installed on the fixing driving handle, and driver connects clamping block by push rod, and the opposite side of clamping block contacts with the rotating drive handle, and drive motors is pushed into outer dead point with clamping block, the manipulator chucking; After the manipulator closure, the outer side bus of clamping roller is positioned on the same circumference, and the support bar symmetry is positioned on the bus of a conical surface; Mechanical arm comprises mechanical arm principal arm, mechanical arm auxiliary and mechanical arm driving mechanism, mechanical arm braking mechanism, mechanical arm principal arm machine structure is the circular pin of hollow, the principal arm cylinder is housed in the mechanical arm principal arm, the cylinder piston rod lower end links to each other with the mechanical arm auxiliary, and mechanical arm auxiliary lower end and manipulator are hinged; The mechanical arm principal arm can rotate around the mechanical arm upper shaft, upper shaft one termination is gone into gearbox, the other end connects the driving cam of brake gear, brake gear is installed on the changeed gripper shoe of flap seat by base, gearbox is installed in the side that can change relative with brake gear on the gripper shoe, can change gripper shoe and be enclosed within the flap seat lower, circular cylindrical portion branch outside, can rotate around this cylinder cylindrical.
3, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: this device also comprises the preventer that is connected between hydraulic tongs and the lower locating device, described preventer comprises tube clipper, sealer and sealing ring are formed, its main body through hole is cylindrical, on, following end flanges is unloaded pincers with hydraulic pressure respectively and is connected with lower locating device, tube clipper is the two halves flashboard, the flashboard inboard is a caulking gum, the caulking gum middle part is a semi-cylindrical canyon, sealer is set in the groove on tube clipper top, about half little flashboard is respectively arranged, in the tube clipper upper slot, slide, spring is equipped with in the little flashboard of two halves rear end, two shoe brake integrated circuit boards are tight, sealing ring is the rubber ring that internal diameter is slightly less than the movable elevator of oil pipe, be loaded on the inwall of preventer upper flanges, respectively adorn a flashboard before and after the preventer and drive cylinder, the piston rod end that drives cylinder links to each other by the outer end side surface of a bolt and tube clipper flashboard, cylinder middle part is equipped with and is publicly advanced, stack, the both end sides wall has advancing of respective side, stack, the preventer side is sealed with capsul, forms airtight space.
4, according to claim 1,2 or 3 described oil field well workover automatic operation devices, it is characterized in that: suspension apparatus comprises the sleeve elevator body that is connected the flap seat bottom, the sleeve elevator body is a cylinder, the bottom is provided with guiding surface, above guiding surface, radially offer two with upper groove, insert a card tooth in each groove, the card tooth is a cuboid, inner face is the inclined-plane, the middle part has card tooth driver slot from top to bottom, wherein one side is a guiding surface, push rod passes therethrough, spring leaf, a relative side about card tooth driven roller is installed on the push rod respectively, and be embedded in the card tooth driver slot, wherein block tooth driven roller and the sliding-contact of card tooth guiding surface, the lower end of push rod passes with throw-out collar from lower cartridge and is connected, and card tooth stop and resetting-mechanism are by touching handle, clamping block and holddown spring radially are loaded on the foot of sleeve elevator body.
5, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: in oil pipe sleeve elevator, the core tube body is installed, core pipe driving mechanism is housed on flap seat, the core tube body is the pipe of a hollow, its lower end is a connector, connector be the sealing awl that cooperates with the oil pipe end hole bottom, sealing awl rear portion is a thrust bearing structure, the core pipe upwards passes from core pipe driving mechanism; Core pipe driving mechanism is fixed on the load-bearing flange at sleeve elevator top by thrust bearing, mainly form by CD-ROM drive motor, driving gear, driven gear, housing and lock handle, driven pulley by thrust shaft block on the housing base plate, above by the guide wheel guiding that is fixed in the housing top board, the centre is provided with screwed hole, and the screw thread rotation prefabricated with core pipe top cooperates.
6, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: it is built-in from seal structure to proclaim oneself oil pipe under the oil pipe, and rubber fuse, support ring and the sealing ring in the tubing hanger inner conical surface formed by tubing hanger inner conical surface and device.
7, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: hydraulic tongs is the hydraulic link wrench structure, comprise two parts up and down, the bottom by spring legs and adpting flange with how to be connected with threeway, top is the hydraulic tongs main body, and the hydraulic tongs main body comprises driving mechanism, control circuit and pipe fitting clamping body composition.
8, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: its driving mechanism comprises the CD-ROM drive motor control box, CD-ROM drive motor, driving gear, driven gear, the driven gear guide wheel, the sprocket wheel commutator, friction pulley, chain, the chain gear transmission wheel, sprocket wheel, card tooth taut wire, the friction pulley guide wheel, the spool spring coupling plate, the spool spring, card tooth guide peg, CD-ROM drive motor and control box are loaded on hydraulic tongs housing top one side, the lower end of driving gear shaft is connected with driving gear, driven gear and driving gear external toothing, driven gear by bearings on friction pulley, be embedded with many guide wheels above the driven gear in the groove, the guide wheel annular is installed on the housing upper inside wall, friction pulley inwall symmetry is equipped with can the inside and outside card tooth seat that moves, the card tooth is loaded on card tooth seat inboard, the card tooth seat outside is centered on by chain, its lower end, outside of card tooth seat links to each other with the spool spring that resets by wire rope, its outer upper end of card tooth seat is equipped with card tooth guide peg, card tooth guide peg is inside and outside two joint structures, acromere slides in friction pulley, internal segment slides in acromere, one end of chain links to each other with the inboard of friction pulley, the other end twines on sprocket wheel, sprocket drive gear is positioned at a driven gear outside end relative with driving gear, and mesh with driven gear, be loaded in the same rotating shaft with sprocket wheel, commutator is equipped with in this upper end.
9, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: the outside at friction pulley is equipped with counter, the side installing and locating sensor in hydraulic tongs main body base plate bottom.
10, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the driving mechanism of power slip is fixed on the outside of slips casing, comprise driver, push rod, swivel nut, screw rod, back-moving spring, gear, the slips drive rod, the auxiliary device of growing permanent teeth, driver output end is connected with push rod, push rod left and right sides both ends horizontal promotes corresponding swivel nut, swivel nut is loaded on the long bolt, long bolt is with back-moving spring outward, gear is equipped with at the long bolt rear portion, gear is meshed with tooth bar on the slips drive rod, the auxiliary device of growing permanent teeth is loaded on the both sides of casing, assist and grow permanent teeth device by pull bar, pull bar sheath and hold-down nut are formed, power slip box sealing lid side is fixed in the pull bar outer end, and tighten with hold-down nut, pull bar is fixed on the power slip wall box by the pull bar sheath, and pull bar can slide in the pull bar sheath, the pull bar sheath plays a part to support and guiding, and pull bar wood end has disconnecting prevention structure; Seal cover links to each other with bolt with slip spider; The power slip seat is the half cone ring structure, seat is on power slip lower box supporting surface, can slide along power slip case sidewall in two sides, the inboard conical surface for the band dovetail groove, about each one, slips is made up of slips body and slip insert, and the slips body is the half cone ring structure, and cross section, the outside is the dovetail structure, cooperate with the dovetail groove of power slip seat inwall, slips can slide up and down along the slip spider inwall, and slip insert embeds in the groove of slips body inboard, is half ladder band of column structure.
11, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: manipulator comprises the manipulator clamping block, the manipulator motor, the manipulator mandrel, the manipulator junction plate, manipulator spline pin mount, manipulator spline pin drives cylinder, manipulator spline pin, the manipulator connecting axle, the clamping roller, clamping roller seat, support bar, back-moving spring, guide strip, the clamping roller axle, manipulator passes through junction plate, connecting axle and manipulator mounting rod are installed on the auxiliary lower end with mechanical arm, the manipulator connecting axle is equipped with the bearing pin rotation stop device, and the bearing pin rotation stop device drives cylinder by manipulator spline pin, cooperate with the spline pin and the grafting of the hole on the manipulator connecting axle of cylinder interlock; Manipulator is a left and right sides two halves structure, and left and right sides two halves housing can rotate around mandrel; The clamping block at manipulator rear portion is a wedge structure, and the clamping block rear portion links to each other with driver, is processed with the multiple tracks concaveconvex structure on the clamping roller outer wall.
12, according to claim 2 or 11 described oil field well workover automatic operation devices, it is characterized in that: mechanical arm driving mechanism and mechanical arm braking mechanism device can change on the gripper shoe in a side of flap seat, the mechanical arm driving mechanism comprises drive motors and driving arbor wheel, driven pulley and the mechanical arm axle of device in gearbox body, after the axial side of mechanical arm is extended, be connected with the mechanical arm braking mechanism with the mechanical arm principal arm respectively; The mechanical arm braking mechanism is a self feed back hydraulic damping structure, comprises brake driving cam, following oil cylinder, brake plunger, spring, one way valve, brake upper cylinder and is connected the composition of the control valve between the oil cylinder up and down, and the brake driving cam is fixed on the mechanical arm axle.
13, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 12 is characterized in that: the control valve about being connected between the oil cylinder is an electric control valve, is connected with flow transmitter on the link circuit simultaneously, cooperates with electric control valve.
14, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 13 is characterized in that: fix by left adjusting nut and right adjusting nut between manipulator mounting rod and the mechanical arm auxiliary, manipulator chucking sensor is installed between adjacent clamping roller seat.
15, according to claim 4 or 5 described oil field well workover automatic operation devices, it is characterized in that: sleeve elevator device bottom also is connected with sucker rod sleeve elevator, it comprises top chucking link, middle adapter, the elevator ectosome, card tooth push rod, Ka Yanei pushes away spring leaf, the pumping rod fasterner tooth, card tooth stop resetting-mechanism, the push rod back-moving spring, throw-out collar, push rod clamping block garter spring, the push rod clamping block, touch handle, upper linker is identical with the tubing coupling structure, can snap in oil pipe sleeve elevator, bottom elevator part is identical with oil pipe sleeve elevator bottom, but physical dimension and sucker rod adapt, and the middle part is a tube connector.
16, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 10 is characterized in that: in the adpting flange of power slip casing top self-styled and last self-styled jackscrew is housed.
17, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: sleeve elevator top snaps in flap seat, the sleeve elevator can rotate in flap seat and slide up and down, flap seat upwards links to each other with travelling block by suspension ring, flap seat one side is connected with pulley yoke by junction plate, pulley snaps in the groove of guide rail, the guide rail vertical fixing is in bracing frame, guide rail comprises guiderail base, hydraulic jack, guide rail body, set bolt, wheel frame, hydraulic connecting rod, guide wheel, flap seat one side is connected with wheel frame by junction plate, two guide wheels are respectively adorned in the wheel frame both sides, and guide wheel snaps in the rail body i shaped steel groove, and can roll in groove.
18, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 5 is characterized in that: core pipe top is for falling " L " bend pipe structure, and its overhanging end is connected to a valve, and the valve other end is connected to a short tube that can be connected with flexible pipe.
19, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: self-styledly make an integral body down by rubber fuse and steel support ring, the conical surface of the outer wall of steel support ring for matching with the tubing hanger inner surface opened seal groove on the conical surface, embed copper ring.
20, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 16, it is characterized in that: last self-styled in the power slip mechanism made an integral body by rubber fuse and steel support ring, the conical surface of the outer wall of steel support ring for matching with the tubing hanger inner surface, open seal groove on the conical surface, embed copper ring.
21, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 15, it is characterized in that: when carrying out the sucker rod loading and unloading, oil pipe sleeve elevator bottom also snaps in sucker rod sleeve elevator, is followed successively by more than the wellhead flange that sucker rod is self-styled, power slip, sucker rod loading and unloading positioning tube, hydraulic pressure chain wrench, sucker rod guiding mechanism.
22, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 21, it is characterized in that: sucker rod is self-styled to be made up of lower flange, cylindrical shell, rubber fuse, gland and upper flange, lower flange cooperates with wellhead flange, and be welded to connect with cylindrical shell, the rubber fuse is loaded in the cylindrical shell, and its top conical surface cooperatively interacts, gland places above the rubber fuse, the gland upper surface contacts with upper flange, and upper flange is connected by flange with cylindrical shell, tightens upper flange and makes gland compress the rubber fuse simultaneously.
23, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 21 is characterized in that: sucker rod loading and unloading positioning tube upper flange is connected with hydraulic pressure chain wrench lower flange, and lower flange is connected with the power slip upper flange, alignment sensor under the positioning tube middle part installing sucker rod.
24, well workover automatic operation device in oil field according to claim 21, it is characterized in that: on the hydraulic pressure chain wrench loam cake sucker rod guiding mechanism is housed, each cover about the sucker rod guiding mechanism, every covering device is made up of bearing, cylinder, cylinder control box, guide pad, tailpiece of the piston rod junction plate, guiding awl, the bearing lower end is connected with hydraulic pressure chain wrench loam cake by bolt, be connected with cylinder above, piston rod passes guide pad and links to each other with the end junction plate, and junction plate is connected by bolt with the guiding awl.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031123309A CN100338333C (en) | 2003-04-18 | 2003-04-18 | Automatic service rig for oil field |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031123309A CN100338333C (en) | 2003-04-18 | 2003-04-18 | Automatic service rig for oil field |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1450246A true CN1450246A (en) | 2003-10-22 |
| CN100338333C CN100338333C (en) | 2007-09-19 |
Family
ID=28683997
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031123309A Expired - Fee Related CN100338333C (en) | 2003-04-18 | 2003-04-18 | Automatic service rig for oil field |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN100338333C (en) |
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