CN1448323A - Low-temperature grain-storing polytechnique - Google Patents
Low-temperature grain-storing polytechnique Download PDFInfo
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- CN1448323A CN1448323A CN02103850A CN02103850A CN1448323A CN 1448323 A CN1448323 A CN 1448323A CN 02103850 A CN02103850 A CN 02103850A CN 02103850 A CN02103850 A CN 02103850A CN 1448323 A CN1448323 A CN 1448323A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/51—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for storing agricultural or horticultural products
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Abstract
The comprehensive low temperature grain storing technology is mainly utilizing natural low temperature. After the basic airtight performance for grain warehouse is reached, the roof of the grain warehouse is treated with heat reflecting paint to reduce solar heat radiation effect. During grain storage, circulatory flow units are used to utilize cool source in regulate the humidity and temperature of stored grains. Grains in certain low temperature state will have less life activity, and thus less loss and less aging.
Description
The invention belongs to silo grain storage temperature control technique.
The history of low-temperature grain-storage is very long, and the method that realizes low-temperature grain-storage is generally with natural low temperature, and mechanical ventilation is that main, mechanical refrigeration is the low temperature of assisting and mechanical refrigeration low temperature etc.The grain storage of mechanical refrigeration air conditioner low temperature has the history in 40～50 years approximately; The technology of grain cooling machine obtains in West Europe to use more widely at present.Generally adopt the mechanical ventilating storage grain technology in the domestic newly-built warehouse, mechanical refrigeration or air conditioner low temperature storage, the safety that is mainly used in finished products of grain such as solving rice, flour is crossed the summer problem.Because silo often is subjected to the influence of solar radiation and big temperature and moisture in the safe grain storage process, the influence that reduces or weaken external high temperature and humidity wherein make the heat 80% of grain temperature rise in the storehouse come from Cang Ding, in order to be handled to grain storage upper strata or silo storehouse jacking row.Traditional heat-insulating method mainly contains at present:
1. rice husk, i.e. rice chaff, it is cheap, draws materials easily, and packing or bulk storage be in grain storage top, about 50 centimetres of thickness, major defect is that hydrophobic nature is poor, and hygroscopic property is strong, and is easily infested, go rotten, and the inspection of grain feelings comparatively bothers.
2. at top, storehouse inner-wall spraying RPUF, RPUF can spray, but also form, also can be suitable for rapid construction, but price be higher according to different operating needs preparation different densities, intensity, heat-resisting foams, less economical, and when the operation of roof, warehouse, must guarantee that interior surface of roof is smoothly clean and tidy, no crossbeam stops.
3. heat insulation roof (furred ceiling) structure of polystyrene foam, this material can make the sheet material of different-thickness as required, and heat-insulation and heat-preservation is good, unit weight is little, and certain hydrophobic nature is arranged, the compressive strength height, insect-free, mould, it can make roof and storehouse separate, and forms air heat-insulation layer above it, further reduced because outdoor temperature influence and solar radiation enter the heat in the storehouse, improve effect of heat insulation, major defect is that difficulty of construction is big, and needing a newly-built ceiling, price is higher.All there are many shortcomings in above-mentioned traditional heat insulation mode, can not or limit the use on newly-built large storehouse, silo.
The application of solar heat reflection paint is that the development along with aerospace industry just is studied gradually and develops, and this coating is mainly used on the building abroad at present, and it is attractive in appearance to remove external form, can also reduce the sun to the thermal energy transfer in the building; The U.S. is existing the application on grain turnover steel silo; Domestic this coating is mainly used on the basin and special pipeline of chemical field, does not see the report that has on any silo that is used for, the especially large storehouse.
The objective of the invention is to study a kind of low-temperature grain-storing polytechnique, this technology is based on natural low temperature, reach in the warehouse air-tightness under the situation of basic demand, adopt heat reflection coatings to handle at silo Cang Ding, to reduce sun heat radiation to the thermal energy transfer in the storehouse, and in the grain storage process, make full use of grain cooling in heap source and use circulating device, carry out circulation in good time and regulate the grain storage humiture factor, make grain be in certain low-temperature condition, limit the vital movement of grain heap biosome effectively, reduce the loss of grain storage, delay the ageing of grain, keep the freshness of grain.
Technical essential of the present invention is: 1. improve the warehouse air-tightness and make it reach basic demand; 2. determine the employing heat reflection coatings, promptly carry out heat insulation processing, improve the heat-proof quality in warehouse at Cang Ding brushing heat reflection coatings; 3. the key of low-temperature grain-storage is to obtain lower storehouse temperature, grain temperature, the realization of this process depends on certain low-temperature receiver, make full use of the circulation adjusting grain stack temperature factor in the storehouse, promptly the low-temperature receiver in the grain heap uses circulating device to carry out circulation adjusting cereal temperature in the storehouse in good time.
Accompanying drawing is a flow scheme of the present invention.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done a detailed explanation.
1. the bubble-tight processing in low-temperature grain-storage warehouse: the warehouse air-tightness is the most basic technology in warehouse Requirement. The air-tightness in warehouse is good, not only can stop the inside and outside damp and hot exchange of silo, delays storehouse temperature, grain The speed that temperature is raise with atmospheric temperature, and can reduce the consumption of fumigant insect killing medicament, saving Expense. For the bad warehouse of air-tightness, must carry out the transformation of air-tightness, to ridge mouth (room Panel) abutment joint, cornice, roof boarding seam, wall door, gate, window, blower fan mouth, cable mouth, Each position such as wall body slit utilizes fluid sealant to carry out encapsulation process, and at relevant position with plastic foamboard or Other material increases sealing surface one. Should reach clear in the newly-built grain storehouse: press in the storehouse as far as possible Power drops to half-life of 250Pa from 500Pa, and horizontal warehouse generally is not less than 40 seconds, silo, vertical tube The storehouse is not less than 60 seconds.
2. top, storehouse heat reflection coatings is handled: the present invention applies to heat reflection coatings on the modern silo, promptly carries out the heat insulation processing of warehouse at silo Cang Ding brushing heat reflection coatings.This heat reflection coatings has very high solar heat reflection coefficient, is more than 0.8～0.95, and it can reflect the radiations heat energy of the sun effectively, to reduce the surface temperature of coated article body.Construction method is simple, roller coating, brushing or with airless spraying all can, for the solid Cang Ding in surface, as cement concrete, brick, watt, metal etc., can directly brush, and for pitch Cang Ding, need after carrying out suitable coating process, its surface brush again; Be 10 years service life; The comparison of testing surface temperature is hanged down more than 20 ℃ according to the surface, storehouse when summer temperature is the highest, and cost is lower.
3. circulation is regulated the grain storage humiture factor in the storehouse: at present, newly-built large storehouse or silo all have been equipped with mechanical ventilation, grain storage new technical equipments such as phosphine recirculation fumigation device.In the grain storage process in the winter time, grain depot all utilizes extraneous cold dry air that mechanical ventilation is carried out in grain storage, force the interior damp-heat air of grain heap and the cold dry air in the external world to exchange, change the temperature of the air condition reduction grain in the grain heap, and storehouse temperature, grain temperature differ less, to improve the stability of foodstuff preservation.As time goes on, outer temperature bottom out, the while, storehouse temperature and grain temperature also changed thereupon owing to the influence of heat-proof quality, air-tightness and the solar radiation of storehouse, raise gradually, and the grain storage temperature recovery at its China Oil and Food Import and Export Corporation heap upper strata and close wall place is especially obvious.When summer temperature was the highest, the temperature of upper strata grain storage was up to about 30 ℃, and grain heap temperature inside also is in zero degree even below zero, has formed the peripheral temperature height, " the cold heart " grain heap that internal temperature is low.
Along with the area and increase highly of large storehouse, the inside and outside temperature difference of grain heap is widened, the cold like this heart is also just big more, and cold heart processing is bad may to form interior dewfall.But providing, the cooling that exists for upper strata grain storage in summer of the cold heart do not need any machinery or the energy with regard to available low-temperature receiver.In daily safe grain storage work, select suitable opportunity, use the circulating device that is equipped with to carry out circulation in the storehouse, can avoid grain storage to produce interior dewfall like this, make grain storage remain on low-temperature condition; When circulation is regulated the grain storage humiture, should select carry out under the outer warm lower situation evening, outer like this temperature is less to the influence that circulation produces; When circulation is regulated the grain storage humiture, the reply grain storage is monitored, at any time grasp the warm and humid situation of change of grain storage, reduce upper strata grain temperature by circulation, and make the grain temperature be tending towards even, under the situation that moisture does not shift substantially, storehouse temperature, upper strata grain temperature are obviously descended, and lower floor's grain temperature slightly raises, if this process of continuing, can balance levels grain temperature, guarantee that the safety of grain storage is crossed the summer.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1. after large storehouse is transformed through certain air-tightness, can stop the inside and outside direct or indirect damp and hot exchange in warehouse, slow down the influence that storehouse temperature, grain temperature are subjected to ambient atmosphere;
2. heat reflection coatings has good solar heat reflection rate, reflectivity is 0.80～0.95, after the very useful heat reflection coatings in silo storehouse is brushed processing, can significantly reduce the surface temperature of Cang Ding, reduce the thermal energy transfer of solar radiation to the warehouse, thereby reduced the expense of air-conditioning and grain cooling machine, saved the energy; Because heat reflection coatings is hydrophobic, can form an osed top protective film, has certain water-proof function, and can also protect the surface that is coated with Cang Ding effectively, can prolong its service life greatly; The heat reflection coatings good weatherability makes to be coated with the surface and to avoid the erosion of the sun and atmosphere, and can reach 10 years service life; And strong adhesion can carry out brushing after process for constructing surface is handled for pitch storehouse top again, other as cement concrete, brick, watt, storehouse top surface such as metal can directly brush;
3. cheap: calculate with present newly-built large storehouse, per hundred million jin of capacity only need ten thousand yuan of 30-40.
4. the present invention is owing to effectively reduce the temperature of upper strata grain, not only can make the grain heap realize accurate low-temperature grain-storage, suppress the generation and the harm of entomophthora effectively, delay the aging speed of grain quality, increase storage stability, the safety of grain, the freshness that keeps grain, and can reduce the consumption of pest control with insecticide medicament, few with even not using insecticide, avoid or reduce pollution, maintenance grain storage health, improve grain storage custodianship environment, reduce custodial staff's labour intensity, saved the expense and the energy, improved economic benefit.The present invention is a green grain storage technology, for promoting the development of China's low-temperature grain-storage technology, will produce positive effect.
Embodiment:
Large storehouse or silo, long 42 meters of storehouse, wide 36 meters, 9.8 meters of eaves heights, ridge is high 12 meters, 7.5 meters of loading height, Cang Ding is a rock wool sandwich color metal composite panel, and crimping is withheld, and fastening with screw, its area of conter is 1512m
2, developed area is 1880m
2
1. carry out airtight processing: promptly utilize sealant to carry out encapsulation process, and increase sealing surface one with plastic foamboard or other material at relevant position to each positions such as ridge mouth (roof boarding) butt seam, cornice, roof boarding seam, wall door, gate, window, blower fan mouth, cable mouth, wall body slits.
2. the very useful heat reflection coatings in storehouse is brushed processing, and the heat reflection coatings main chemical compositions is acrylic resin and titanium dioxide, and reflectivity is 0.91.Before the brushing, that wipes the surface earlier strokes soil, and the local rust cleaning earlier of rust is arranged, and the brushing heat reflection coatings evenly brushes twice then, kilogram surplus the shared coating 800.In the work afterwards, utilize infrared thermometer to the warehouse with carry out fitfull and measure, the variation of writing down its storehouse temperature and grain temperature simultaneously.In summer, when temperature 〉=35 ℃, when the temperature of general storehouse, warehouse top surface reaches 70 ℃ of left and right sides, and the surface temperature of Cang Ding of the present invention has only about 45 ℃, and is lower 25 ℃ than general warehouse, and the storehouse temperature is also low nearly 3 ℃ than general warehouse simultaneously, the grain temperature also reduces to some extent, wherein seven, the August is particularly outstanding, through actual measurement, the general warehouse of grain temperature average specific, the upper strata fall in warehouse 〉=5 ℃.
3. circulation is regulated grain heap temperature, humidity factor in the storehouse.Arrange the ventilation cage at the warehouse bilateral, two of sides, one wants three roads, joins the circulating device quadruplet, and every cover air quantity is 500 meters
3/ hour, blast 1000Pa, 370 watts of powers of motor.Select evening outer warm relatively low, under the less situation of circulating device influence, start circulating device and carry out circulation, time of run is 36 hours, front and back in the circulating device operation, measure its moisture respectively at identical position sample, and with permanent matter method, monitor the variation of this storehouse, storehouse temperature and grain temperature simultaneously.Consequently do not take place under the situation of significant change at grain moisture content, the storehouse temperature has reduced by 4.5 ℃ before than circulation, and upper strata grain temperature has descended 1 ℃.
Claims (5)
1. low-temperature grain-storing polytechnique, it is characterized in that, this technology is based on natural low temperature, air-tightness processing in warehouse is made under its situation that reaches basic demand: the storehouse internal pressure drops to the half life period of 250Pa from 500Pa, horizontal warehouse generally was not less than 40 seconds, and silo, vertical silo were not less than 60 seconds; Adopt heat reflection coatings to handle at silo Cang Ding, the heat reflection coatings main chemical compositions is acrylic resin and titanium dioxide, and the solar heat reflection coefficient is 0.80～0.95; And in the grain storage process, make full use of grain cooling in heap source use circulating device, and carry out circulation in good time and regulate the grain storage humiture factor, produce interior dewfall to avoid grain storage, make grain storage remain on accurate low-temperature condition.
2. low-temperature grain-storing polytechnique according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the airtight processing in said warehouse: promptly encapsulation process is carried out at each position such as ridge mouth butt seam, cornice, roof boarding seam, wall door, gate, window, blower fan mouth, cable mouth, wall body slit, and increase sealing surface one with plastic foamboard or other material at relevant position.
3. according to claim 1,2 described low-temperature grain-storing polytechniques, it is characterized in that, top, said storehouse heat reflection coatings is handled: it is heat insulation promptly to carry out warehouse at silo Cang Ding brushing heat reflection coatings, construction method is after quilt is coated with surface cleaning totally, rust cleaning, roller coating, brushing or all can with airless spraying.
4. according to the described low-temperature grain-storing polytechnique of claim 1～3, it is characterized in that, the brushing of said heat reflection coatings is for the solid Cang Ding in surface, as cement concrete, brick, watt, metal etc., can directly brush, and for pitch Cang Ding, need after suitable coating process is carried out on its surface, brush again.
5. according to the described low-temperature grain-storing polytechnique of claim 1～4, it is characterized in that, circulation is regulated the grain storage humiture factor in the said storehouse, be that the warm outside circulating device that starts when relatively low carries out circulation, time of run is 36 hours, and grain storage monitored, at any time grasp the warm and humid situation of change of grain storage, reduce upper strata grain temperature by circulation, and the grain temperature is tending towards evenly, under the situation that moisture does not shift substantially, storehouse temperature, upper strata grain temperature are obviously descended, lower floor's grain temperature slightly raises, and continues this process, can balance levels grain temperature.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021038503A CN1259814C (en) | 2002-04-02 | 2002-04-02 | Low-temperature grain-storing polytechnique |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB021038503A CN1259814C (en) | 2002-04-02 | 2002-04-02 | Low-temperature grain-storing polytechnique |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1448323A true CN1448323A (en) | 2003-10-15 |
| CN1259814C CN1259814C (en) | 2006-06-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB021038503A Expired - Fee Related CN1259814C (en) | 2002-04-02 | 2002-04-02 | Low-temperature grain-storing polytechnique |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101569263B (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2012-07-04 | 国家粮食局科学研究院 | Granary lateral ventilation method and system thereof |
| CN109126935A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-01-04 | 宁夏昊王米业集团有限公司 | A kind of cryogenic treatment process for rice |
| CN113503057A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-10-15 | 中南粮油食品科学研究院有限公司 | Granary air-tightness and heat-insulation transformation method |
-
2002
- 2002-04-02 CN CNB021038503A patent/CN1259814C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101569263B (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2012-07-04 | 国家粮食局科学研究院 | Granary lateral ventilation method and system thereof |
| CN109126935A (en) * | 2018-11-02 | 2019-01-04 | 宁夏昊王米业集团有限公司 | A kind of cryogenic treatment process for rice |
| CN113503057A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-10-15 | 中南粮油食品科学研究院有限公司 | Granary air-tightness and heat-insulation transformation method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1259814C (en) | 2006-06-21 |
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