CN1445046A - Phase change-diffusion brass solder technique - Google Patents
Phase change-diffusion brass solder technique Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A phase change-diffusion soldering technology for higher productivity and welding quality includes such steps as inserting a central layer between two mother materials to be soldered, and cyclic heating-cooling several times while pressing. The peak temp for heating must higher than the phase change temp of mother materials and the liquid-phase line of central layer. The cooling temp must be lower enough to ensure phase change of mother materials.
Description
One, affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to welding technology field, relate to a kind of welding procedure, particularly a kind of phase transformation-diffusion brazing technology.
Two. the advantage and the deficiency of background technology 2.1 transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW)s:
Because material has the feature of low resistance of deformation, large deformation ability when superplastic deformation takes place
[1]So superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) is used as solid-state diffusion weldering a kind ofly improves the research and development interest that technology has caused people.Y.Maehara and Y.Komizo
[2]Deng the mechanism of having summarized superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) (SuperplasticDiffusion Bonding), superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) is divided into two kinds, be constant temperature superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) (Isothermal Superpalstic Diffusion Bonding) and transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) (Transformation Superplastic Diffusion Bonding is abbreviated as TSDB).Transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) at first by Mitsubishi heavy industry Yokohama shipyard high rapids sincere time, give as security people such as field good opportunity and propose the seventies in 20th century, and successfully be applied to the welding of the very poor cast iron of arc-welding solderability
[3]The transformation superplasticity Diffusion Welding has the common advantage of superplasticity diffusion welding (DW), if can utilize the superplasticity rheology quicken to realize tight contact process in the interface initial stage of welding process (particularly) and mechanical rupture of membranes; Welding pressure is little; The influence of surface roughness is little etc.
[4,5]Compare with the welding of constant temperature superplasticity, the transformation superplasticity welding has some distinct advantages again: (1) is short because of high-temperature residence time, but while postwelding crystal grain thinning under dynamic recrystallization and phase transformation recrystallization
[6-10](2) transformation superplasticity and grain size are irrelevant, so before need not welding mother metal is carried out the refinement preliminary treatment.
But also there are some significant disadvantage in transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW), mainly contains: (1) causes productivity ratio low because of cycle-index is more aspect productivity ratio; (2) aspect welding quality,, residual cavity occurs causing the seam rate relatively low because of easily being arranged on the interface; (3) aspect the joint outward appearance, because of welding pressure and cycle-index cause accumulated deformation bigger greatly, or the edge easily bloats deficiencies such as formation breach.Because the existence of above-mentioned defective has limited it and has further promoted the use of.
In above-mentioned defective, too much cause low this shortcoming of efficient the most remarkable with cycle-index especially.For example: bridge was repaiied with bridge and was originally reached the eighties in 20th century
[5]With commercially available pure iron is experiment material, and welding condition is: the Ar gas shiled, and the high frequency electric source heating, pressure 4MPa, 830 ℃ ← → 930 ℃ of circulating temperature scopes need circulation 16 times (time of each circulation is 2min/C, has carried out 32 phase transformations) altogether at 32min in the time.The nineties in 20th century, Liu Jianhua
[6], Xiong Jiangang
[7]Deng being mother metal, under 32MPa pressure, in 600 ℃ ← → 900 ℃ temperature ranges, must circulation can reach joint and mother metal etc. more than 6 times by force with A3 (Q235).Wang Yanwen etc.
[8]The transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) of pointing out No. 45 steel must circulate more than 20 times in 390 ℃ ← → 810 ℃.Zhourong woods etc.
[10]Point out that titanium/stainless transformation superplasticity welding needs circulation 20 times.
The superplasticity flow variables of each circulation be can strengthen though improve pressure, closely contact between parent material interface, Liu Jianhua etc. helped quickening to realize
[6]At pressure P=60MPa, under the situation of cycle-index N=3, though can obtain and P=32MPa, identical deflection (the rough and careless Δ d/d=4% of increasing diameter) under the N=6 situation, but breaking load exists than big-difference, and the former is 18.5KN, the latter is 25.3KN, and the former is starkly lower than the latter.Wu Yanqing, Pei Yi etc.
[11]Point out that by calculating excessive pressure and too much cycle-index will tension occur in the joint edges position.As seen single by increase pressure reduce that cycle-index is subjected to can be to restriction.So far, domestic and international needleless still improves any report of research to this difficult point.Simultaneously, pondered-over is the report of external no any relevant transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) research after nineteen nineties, infer reason may be many with its cycle-index, that production efficiency is hanged down this key issue is still unresolved relevant.
Easy residual interfacial voids between parent material interface when causing the too much essential reason of cycle-index to be Solid-State Welding.Because of parent material interface in the transformation superplasticity welding closely contact be still " solid-state " and realize that down though have the superplasticity phenomenon to take place during each phase transformation, superplasticity strain value itself is very little
[12]And the occurrence temperature narrow range of transformation superplasticity
[13], have the characteristics of " instantaneity ", so repeatedly circulative accumulation just can reach the certain deformation amount, can be eliminated residual cavity, interface, realize the tight contact between parent material interface.
It is worthy of note domestic call disunity about transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW), as transformation superplasticity welding, Phase Transformation Diffusion weldering etc., at this, application is artificial to be consistent with international call, and (Transformation Superplastic Diffusion Bonding) is called transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) by its English name.2.2 related process brief introduction
The improved route that utilizes superplasticity phenomenon, liquid phase or combination process to can be used as the solid-state diffusion weldering is separately confirmed by people and is utilized.Aspect combination process, the Hamilton that document (14) is mentioned equals the SPF/DB at U. S. application (Super Plastic Forming/Diffusion Bonding) combination process patent in 1975 and has profound influence, has been successfully used to the moulding and the welding of Ti alloy components in the aviation.But in fact SPF/DB still belongs to pure joint under solid-state, some shortcomings that exist the solid-state diffusion solid welding to have unavoidably: as residual cavity is easily arranged, pressure is big, weld interval is long etc.For this reason, M.S.YEH and T.H.CHUAN combine constant temperature superplastic forming and high temperature brazing and have proposed SPF/B (SuperPlastic Forming/Brazing) combination process, and have applied for external relevant patent.The situation that SPF/B can avoid SPF/DB effectively not pressurize, and have the advantage of short, energy savings weld interval, can be used for the welding of Ni base superalloy
[14]But any research and development report of the new technology that combines of two kinds of improved routes of no-trump transformation superplasticity and liquid phase still so far.
Three, summary of the invention
Based on above-mentioned analysis, the objective of the invention is to, a kind of " phase transformation-diffusion brazing " technology that is intended to improve transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) productivity ratio (minimizing cycle-index) and welding quality (minimizing interfacial voids) is provided.
It is faster than pure superplasticity rheology under solid-state to consider that liquid phase is filled mother metal surface groove speed, so might utilize the filling effect to the mother metal surface crater of liquid phase partly or entirely to replace the superplasticity theomorphism, realize the tight contact between mother metal to be welded surface quickly, eliminate pure when carrying out transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) under solid-state the interface residual this defective in cavity is easily arranged, thereby cycle-index is reduced, improve the productivity ratio of transformation superplasticity welding, but can keep the distinct advantages of transformation superplasticity welding crystal grain thinning again.Therefore, can infer that the combination process of transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) and diffusion brazing might become a feasible way of many these shortcomings of solution transformation superplasticity diffusion welding craft cycle-index.
Therefore, the basic ideas that realize the solution of foregoing invention purpose are by presetting the intermediate layer, making it fusing acquisition liquid phase and fill the parent material interface cavity fast; And pass through temperature cycles, the intermediate layer is repeatedly melted and make repeatedly phase transformation of mother metal, utilize liquid phase bigger than solid-state diffusion coefficient, along various short circuit diffusion admittances (phase boundary and crystal boundary etc.) than the big characteristics of the inner diffusion coefficient of crystal grain, impel the intermediate layer to spread in mother metal, the uniformity coefficient of diffusion is decided by performance need.
Concrete technology is carried out according to the following steps:
1) at first between the parent material interface to be welded that prepackage prepares, insert intermediate layer material in advance, need not any brazing flux, and apply certain pressure to joint by pressue device;
2) then in argon shield atmosphere, take the mode identical to control the firing equipment heating/cooling that circulates with transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW), promptly be heated to ceiling temperature, generally be not incubated, or isothermal treatment for short time just begins to cool down, and to be cooledly begins heating again again, so repeatedly circulation to lower limit temperature, peak temperature must be higher than the phase transition temperature of mother metal and the liquidus curve in intermediate layer simultaneously during the circulation heating, and lower limit temperature should make mother metal that sufficient phase transformation can take place in cooling procedure;
3), after repeatedly melting intermediate layer and mother metal circulating phase-change, finish welding under pressure through above-mentioned several times temperature cycles.
Some other characteristics of the present invention are, the intermediate layer material of inserting in advance between described mother metal to be welded is chosen by the requirement of diffusion brazing or liquid-phase diffusion welding, and promptly its planted agent is contained and fallen molten element, and its content is few, diffusion velocity is fast; Can preferentially select the amorphous foil band for use.
The ceiling temperature of described temperature cycles must be higher than the phase transition temperature of mother metal and the liquidus curve in intermediate layer simultaneously.
Described firing equipment can be resistance welding power source or induction heating power.
Phase transformation of the present invention-diffusion brazing technology is the improvement technology at transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW), be a kind of NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE technology that transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) and high temperature brazing are combined, be called " phase transformation-diffusion brazing (Transformation/Diffusion Brazing is abbreviated as T/DB) " (or phase transformation-liquid-phase diffusion welding; Transformation superplasticity-diffusion brazing; Transformation superplasticity-liquid-phase diffusion welding; Preset the transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) in intermediate layer: Transformation Superplastic DiffusionBonding with Interlayer, TSBI).The main distinction of Phase Transformation Diffusion soldering processes of the present invention (T/DB) and traditional transformation superplasticity diffusion welding craft is: at first require to insert in advance between mother metal to be welded intermediate layer material; Peak temperature must be higher than the phase transition temperature of mother metal and the liquidus curve in intermediate layer simultaneously when secondly, circulation was heated; Lower limit temperature should make mother metal that sufficient phase transformation can take place in cooling procedure once more.The purpose of this temperature cycles is to make the intermediate layer to become the liquid state that is easy to joint filling and diffusion in temperature-rise period; And mother metal all can be undergone phase transition in lifting/lowering temperature process, and make full use of newborn phase boundary and crystal boundary (being the short circuit diffusion admittance) that circulating phase-change obtains, promote the rapid diffusion of intermediate layer in mother metal.The place that this new technology is different from common soldering is pressurization and do not add any brazing flux, and with under pressure repeatedly circulating phase-change.
Four. description of drawings
Below be that cycle-index of the present invention is decided to be the mild steel transformation superplasticity and welds required minimum cycle-index
[6-7]Half, i.e. result of the test accompanying drawing 3 times the time.
Fig. 1 is the stretch test result picture (the arrow place is the interface) of phase transformation of the present invention-liquid phase diffusion welding technique weld joint samples;
Fig. 2 is curved for the face of phase transformation of the present invention-liquid phase diffusion welding technique weld joint samples, the curved test result picture (the arrow place is the interface) of the back of the body;
Fig. 3 is ESEM (SEM) photo (* 2000) in phase transformation of the present invention-liquid phase diffusion welding technique joint sample interface and nearly seam district.
Five. the specific embodiment
For a more clear understanding of the present invention, the embodiment that provides below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and inventor further describes in detail.5.1. phase transformation-liquid phase diffusion welding technique
Concrete phase transformation-liquid phase diffusion welding technique of implementing the present invention's proposition according to the following steps:
1) at first between the parent material interface to be welded that prepackage prepares, insert intermediate layer material in advance, need not any brazing flux, and apply certain pressure to joint by pressue device;
2) then in argon shield atmosphere, taking the mode identical with transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) to control firing equipment heats/cools off, promptly be heated to ceiling temperature, generally be not incubated, or isothermal treatment for short time just begins to cool down, and to be cooledly begins heating again again, so repeatedly circulation to lower limit temperature, peak temperature must be higher than the phase transition temperature of mother metal and the liquidus curve in intermediate layer simultaneously during the circulation heating, and lower limit temperature should make mother metal that sufficient phase transformation can take place in cooling procedure;
3), finish welding after repeatedly melting intermediate layer and mother metal circulating phase-change under pressure through the several times temperature cycles.5.2. intermediate layer selection principle
To selecting for use of intermediate layer, the first is selected conventional solder by general soldering principle, often selects for use copper and alloy thereof to make solder as the soldering of carbon steel; It two is from the diffusion brazing principle of (having another name called liquid-phase diffusion welding or transition liquid phase diffusion weld), selects suitable intermediate layer.Based on the diffusion brazing joint in the advantage that all is much better than general soldered fitting aspect normal temperature and the mechanical behavior under high temperature, and allow joint to adopt butt joint form (common soldered fitting form is overlap joint), so determined to select the principle in intermediate layer from the principle of diffusion brazing.Promptly require to contain in the intermediate layer and fall molten element (Melting Point Depressant, MPD), and its content is few, diffusion velocity fast (as the little B of atomic radius etc.).In addition, consider, should preferentially select the amorphous foil band for use from the moulding angle in intermediate layer
[16-18], so both helped reducing residual being mingled with in the weld seam, helping shortening diffusion institute again must the time.In diffusion brazing (liquid-phase diffusion welding), select for use the amorphous foil band to do the intermediate layer and replace the intermediate layer of powder, spraying or plating to become a kind of development trend
[19]5.3. phase transformation-diffusion brazing equipment brief introduction
Device systems is made up of heating power supply, pressue device, attemperating unit.In the transformation superplasticity Study of Welding, the researcher of numerous domestic has selected for use hot modeling test machine as heating power supply, but hot modeling test machine costs an arm and a leg and is unfavorable for the popularization of transformation superplasticity welding.Because transformation superplasticity welding requirements welding temperature cycles through the transformation temperature of mother metal, so its heating power supply should be selected the fast power supply of heat/cool rates for use, from the physical possibility that present industrial level provides, it is comparatively reliable and economical selecting resistance welding power source or induction heating power for use.Pressuring method is versatile and flexible, can adopt mechanical devices such as air pressure, hydraulic pressure or spring pressurization according to workpiece material, size etc.5.4 embodiment
Below be phase transformation-diffusion brazing shakedown embodiment that the inventor provides.1) engineer testing material and standard parameter
In recent years, SUMITOMO CHEMICAL metal company
[20], company of Nippon Steel
[21,22], Osaka university
[23]The researcher all adopt Ni base amorphous paper tinsel band to do the intermediate layer, with the method welding carbon steel structured steel pipe of liquid-phase diffusion welding.Wherein the ditch of Sumitomo company abundant welds association " Tanaka tortoise people of a specified duration " prize because of it obtains 1991 in the successful exploitation aspect initiative, rapidity, the practicality and application
[20]The former Kang Hao of Xiao of public department of Nippon Steel is because of to the diffusion of boron and exist morphological Study to obtain Japan in 2000 to weld the research of learning national congress in autumn and deliver prize
[21]Although the main constituent element in intermediate layer different with mother metal master constituent element (applicant is referred to as heterogeneous intermediate layer) but to engage mechanism based on it identical with classical instant liquid-phase diffusion welding is so in recent years in Japan, most literature changes is called liquid-phase diffusion welding
[22-23]In view of the above, and consider and still do not have the Fe-based amorphous solder of commercially available iron-based low melting point at present, so the applicant selects Ni-based amorphous paper tinsel band BNi2 (composition: Ni-7%Cr-4.5%Si-3.1%B-3%Fe for use; Melting region: 970 ℃～999 ℃; 30～40 μ m are thick) the paper tinsel band is as the intermediate layer, and its liquidus temperature lower (999 ℃) helps finishing at a lower temperature welding, grows up to prevent excessive grain.
Test is that mother metal, the Ni-based amorphous paper tinsel of BNi2 band are that the butt welding test is carried out in the intermediate layer with Φ 76.6 * 6mm low carbon steel pipe, adopts the induction heating mode (PID control) that heating is fast, temperature control precision is high, and programming rate is about 30 ℃/S; The Ar gas shiled; Air cooling.Cycle-index is decided to be the mild steel transformation superplasticity and welds required minimum cycle-index
[6-7]Half, promptly 3 times; Ceiling temperature is got 1100 ℃, 1200 ℃, 1100 ℃ successively respectively, considers that the eddy-current heating inside and outside wall has the temperature difference, so at the about 5s～10s of ceiling temperature insulation, so that the inside and outside wall temperature field is tending towards even; Lower limit temperature is all got 500 ℃.Postwelding is with reference to GB2651-89 and GB2653-89 stretches and three point bending test; After the affirmation performance is qualified, distinguish fabric analysis, and confirm the mutual diffusion of postwelding intermediate layer and mother metal with energy spectrum analysis with electron microscopic observation interface and nearly seam.2) stretch and the bending property result of the test
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are respectively " phase transformation-diffusion brazing " (T/DB) stretching, bending (it is curved curved with the back of the body to contain face) test result of new technology weld joint samples.Test result shows that the tensile sample fracture is positioned on the mother metal, away from weld seam; Nearly 180 ° of angle of bend.Result of the test shows that the degree of Elements Diffusion has been enough to satisfy performance requirement, and fragility endangers mutually and is eliminated; Also free of surface defects of joint is described simultaneously; Particularly phase transformation-diffusion brazing new technology must the temperature cycles number of times can reduce to half of traditional transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW).3) interface compactness is observed and the Elements Diffusion situation
Fig. 3 is ESEM (SEM) photo (* 2000) in phase transformation-diffusion brazing joint sample interface and nearly seam district, compactness ideal between visible intermediate layer and parent material interface.Consider that falling molten element easily is ostracised and concentrates on center, residual intermediate layer when cooling, carry out energy spectrum analysis (EDXA), see Table 1 so emphasis is distinguished composition to this.
The EDAX results of center, the residual intermediate layer of table 1 composition
| ????Bonding?Method | ????T/DB |
| ????Elements | ????mass-％??atomic-％ |
| ????C ????Si ????Cr ????Fe ????Ni | ????0.35?????1.61 ????1.64?????3.20 ????1.54?????1.63 ????72.76????71.43 ????23.71????22.14 |
More as can be known, the intermediate layer with between mother metal strong counterdiffusion has mutually taken place: (1) falls the concentration that melts one of element Si and reduces to 1.64% by 4.5% of original concentration with table 1 and weldering preceding intermediate layer (BNi2) primitive component.From Cr/Si, Fe/Si, two yuan of phasors of Ni/Si
[24]Analyze, they all can reach 4%～5% to the solubility of Si during room temperature, and the reduction of postwelding Si concentration is very favourable for eliminating silicide.(2) that change in concentration amplitude maximum is mother metal and intermediate layer main constituent element Fe and Ni separately, and wherein Fe increases to about 70% by 3%; Ni reduces to about 23～25% by 82%, and the main constituent element in residual intermediate layer becomes Fe by Ni.
This new technology is from the essence of its interior metal atomic migration, with the fusing that realizes the intermediate layer, to fill mother metal surface groove, the enough degree ground circulation recrystallization of diffusion and mother metal in mother metal be target, the combination process that can regard transformation superplasticity welding and diffusion brazing (liquid-phase diffusion welding) as, former can abbreviating as " phase transformation-diffusion brazing weldering " (Transformation/diffusion Brazing, T/DB); Presentation from its operating process also can be described as " the transformation superplasticity weldering of presetting the intermediate layer " (TSBI:Transformation Superplastic Bonding with Interlayer).5.5 innovation part of the present invention and mechanism thereof
(1) can realize tight contact between parent material interface rapidly, seam rate height:
There is residual cavity at the uneven postwelding interface that easily causes on the interface to be welded, this is the most common defective that comprises the various solid-state diffusion welderings of transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW), the basic goal why transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) needs repeatedly to circulate just is that desire utilizes the superplasticity rheology to eliminate interfacial voids, realizes the tight contact between parent material interface.And phase transformation-diffusion brazing has utilized wetting, filling and the dissolution of liquid phase to mother metal, can eliminate residual cavity, interface rapidly, its speed that realizes the tight contact between whole interface to be welded is far faster than the superplasticity rheology under solid-state, shortened greatly and realized closely contacting between interface to be welded the required time, so seam rate height, strength of joint is high and stable.It is the first cause that phase transformation-diffusion brazing productivity ratio is improved that liquid phase can be eliminated interfacial voids fast.
(2) productivity ratio height:
The productivity ratio height is that phase transformation-liquid-phase diffusion welding is compared with traditional transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) in the most significant advantage of application facet.Obtain high productivity ratio, need be able to realize the tight contact between parent material interface on the one hand rapidly; Also need intermediate layer diffusion in mother metal rapidly (otherwise the too much molten residual meeting of element of falling forms frangible compounds in the weld seam center, be unfavorable for the bending property of joint) on the other hand.Wherein phase transformation-diffusion brazing is above being analyzed in the reason that preceding one side has significant advantage, mainly analyzes new technology has advantage on the one hand in the back reason at this.Its reason has been to fully utilize liquid phase and to the diffusion in the body diffusion the promotion jointly intermediate layer of the dissolving of mother metal, phase boundary diffusion, crystal boundary diffusion and austenitic state, wherein main cause has two: one, at the liquid phase duration of existence, liquid phase to the dissolved dilution of mother metal the concentration of intermediate layer element, and can make the intermediate layer element under liquid state, continue in mother metal, to spread.They are two years old, when solid-state, make full use of newly-increased phase boundary and the quick short circuit diffusion admittance of crystal boundary conduct that existing phase boundary and crystal boundary and phase transformation produce, the MPD elemental diffusion is proceeded at low temperatures, particularly in the cycle stage in later stage of welding, the contribution of spreading along the short circuit of phase boundary is bigger, has remedied the adverse effect of temperature reduction to diffusion effectively, even make high-temperature residence time short, still can make diffusion reach performance requirement rapidly.In brief, phase transformation-diffusion brazing is the dissolving of mother metal than the high main cause of transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) productivity ratio and spreads along the short circuit of boundary.
(3) broken oxide-film ability is strong:
Reason has three: one: utilize liquid phase can play the effect of certain crusher surface film (along infiltration of oxide-film crack and optimum solvation top layer mother metal; Help the peeling off of oxide-film, the ball coalescence is extruded with unnecessary liquid phase)
[25-28]Its two: recycle the thermal stress that the difference of oxide-film and metallic matrix thermal coefficient of expansion in the temperature cycles process forms, bring out oxide-film cracking repeatedly in temperature lifting/lowering process.Its three: in the certain high temperature temperature range, because of oxide (CO) free energy of formation of carbon is higher than FeO, NiO, Cr
2O
3Free energy of formation, so carbon aforesaid oxides also
[28], and carbon can be preferentially at crystal boundary place reduced oxide
[27]Therefore, the thinning effect of the short time high temperature in phase transformation-diffusion brazing process and circulating phase-change recrystallization all helps strengthening the reduction of C.
(4) can suppress excessive grain grows up:
Measure by two aspects guarantees: on the one hand from three principal elements of width of peak temperature, high-temperature residence time and high-temperature region excessively growing up (because this method has the advantage of pulsed thermal source of prevention crystal grain of starting with, high-temperature residence time is short, avoided the lasting conduction of heat to low-temperature space, therefore can significantly reduce the width of high-temperature region, it is comparatively reasonable that the temperature field is distributed, be the high-temperature region width, particularly the grain growth sensitive temperature more than 1100 ℃ the zone narrow width and concentrate).On the other hand, then can come refinement for existing crystal grain of growing up by phase transformation recrystallization process subsequently.In addition, dynamic recrystallization has also played certain effect for suppressing grain growth.Though make it suppress excessive grain effect of growing up to be worse than transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW), to be better than conventional diffusion soldering and melting welding because the heating ceiling temperature is higher.Compare with diffusion brazing, the effect that new technology suppresses grain growth is embodied in two aspects: the one, and the particle diameter in nearly seam district itself is little; The 2nd, the width of the overall region that crystal grain is grown up to some extent is little.Wherein, suppress the main mechanism that excessive grain grows up and be the short and phase transformation recrystallization of high-temperature residence time.
(5) distortion is little:
Compare with transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW), because the participation that makes full use of liquid phase realizes the tight contact between the interface, reduced in realizing the tight contact process of storeroom degree of dependence like this to superplastic deformation, so need not be a large amount of the superplasticity rheology, guaranteed that so theoretically joint distortion can reduce greatly, welding pressure also can reduce thereupon simultaneously, provides possibility for reducing distortion.Specifically look plastic deformation what can determine that superplastic deformation and liquid phase are to realizing closely contacting the relative size of contributing.When plastic deformation was big, dependence superplastic deformation or its were realized closely contacting with the acting in conjunction of liquid phase; When plastic deformation will replace superplastic deformation than hour liquid phase, become to promote to realize the closely main mechanism of contact.
(6) reduction helps miniaturization, the lightweight of heating power supply and pressurized equipment to the requirement of equipment operational factor:
Aspect heating, change interrupted heating into by the continuous high temperature heating, avoided the power supply long time continuous working, reduced the arcing time factor of power supply, and the service condition and the security of power supply and other annex (as secondary cable, cooling system etc.) are improved, therefore help the miniaturization and the lightweight of equipment.Aspect pressurization, because of mainly utilizing the tight contact between liquid phase realization interface, reduced dependence to plastic deformation or superplastic deformation, thus can reduce welding pressure, thus make pressurized equipment be achieved lightweight and miniaturization.
(7) advantage of other application facet:
Cycle-index or productivity ratio are not subjected to influence of wall thickness, depend primarily on the diffusion velocity of intermediate layer in liquid state and mother metal phase transition process; Welding process does not have the arc welding flue dust and splashes, and is beneficial to environmental protection and health; The automaticity height, low to the technical level of operators requirement, help guaranteeing welding quality.
(8) in addition, compare the advantage that has degree of refinement good and fast with general diffusion brazing+postwelding normalizing process.Because of diffusion brazing+postwelding normalizing process is underused the short circuit diffusion admittance; And excessively growing up has appearred in the original grain size (being the crystal grain of gained after the diffusion welding (DW)) before the normalizing, and the number of times that certainly will require to increase the postwelding circulating phase-change is with crystal grain thinning, thereby has reduced productivity ratio.5.6 application scenario
(have another name called: the transformation superplasticity welding procedure that is equipped with the intermediate layer) have strong engineering background, for example in following welding occasion, its application potential is bigger for phase transformation-liquid phase diffusion welding technique proposed by the invention.(1) material (5) of material (4) the arc welding solderability difference of the high yield limit of the welding of steel pipe and reinforcing bar (2) heavy in section workpiece (3) is to the tighter material of grain growth restriction
The weldering new technology of loosing phase transformation of the present invention-diffusion pricker has broken through the conventional solid-state transformation superplasticity and has welded the constraint that does not add the intermediate layer, and utilize intermediate layer fusing gained liquid phase to dissolve, fills uneven on the interface to be welded, shortened and realized closely contacting between interface to be welded the required time; Simultaneously can reduce welding pressure greatly, the final little joint of distortion that obtains also can make device volume weight be reduced; And can utilize thermal stress and liquid phase to reach the effect of certain crusher surface film.Broken through diffusion brazing (having another name called liquid-phase diffusion welding) simultaneously and connect and make workpiece be in constraint under the high temperature constantly, two approach of circulating phase-change recrystallization short by high-temperature residence time and mother metal suppress excessively growing up of crystal grain.In addition, the short circuit diffusion admittance that utilizes circulating phase-change to produce even make the intermediate layer short at high-temperature residence time, still can reach the diffusion of performance requirement.
In a word, this combination process combines the short circuit diffusion welding (DW) under solid-state and the advantage of high temperature brazing, overcome shortcoming separately to a certain extent, guaranteed that the welding quality (aspects such as seam rate, control grain growth) and the aspect of boosting productivity all have remarkable advantages.As a kind of improvement technology of traditional transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW), low this major defect of productivity ratio guaranteeing significantly to have improved under the prerequisite of welding quality transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW) will have certain application prospect in some specific occasions.The proposition of this technology simultaneously provides new approaches for solving the contradiction that suppresses grain growth and quicken to spread between raising the efficiency.
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Claims (4)
1. phase transformation-liquid phase diffusion welding technique is characterized in that, carries out according to the following steps:
1) at first between the parent material interface to be welded that prepackage prepares, insert intermediate layer material in advance, need not any brazing flux, and apply certain pressure to joint by pressue device;
2) then in argon shield atmosphere, take the mode identical to control the firing equipment heating/cooling that circulates with transformation superplasticity diffusion welding (DW), promptly be heated to ceiling temperature, generally be not incubated, or isothermal treatment for short time just begins to cool down, and to be cooledly begins heating again again, so repeatedly circulation to lower limit temperature, peak temperature must be higher than the phase transition temperature of mother metal and the liquidus curve in intermediate layer simultaneously during the circulation heating, and lower limit temperature should make mother metal that sufficient phase transformation can take place in cooling procedure;
3), after repeatedly melting intermediate layer and mother metal circulating phase-change, finish welding under pressure through above-mentioned several times temperature cycles.
2. phase transformation-liquid phase diffusion welding technique as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the intermediate layer material of inserting in advance between described mother metal to be welded is chosen by the requirement of diffusion brazing or liquid-phase diffusion welding, and promptly its planted agent is contained and fallen molten element, and its content is few, diffusion velocity is fast; Can preferentially select the amorphous foil band for use.
3. phase transformation-liquid phase diffusion welding technique as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the ceiling temperature of described temperature cycles must be higher than the phase transition temperature of mother metal and the liquidus curve in intermediate layer simultaneously.
4. phase transformation-liquid phase diffusion welding technique as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described firing equipment can be resistance welding power source or induction heating power.
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| CN102166687A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2011-08-31 | 河南理工大学 | Preparation method of heat-resisting steel tube instant liquid phase diffusion connection interlayer alloy |
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| CN103920960A (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2014-07-16 | 长沙威尔保新材料有限公司 | Method for welding ferrous metal |
| CN103920960B (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2015-12-02 | 长沙威尔保新材料有限公司 | A kind of welding method of ferrous metal |
| CN103920959B (en) * | 2014-05-04 | 2015-12-09 | 长沙威尔保新材料有限公司 | The welding method of ferrous metal |
| CN105108257A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-12-02 | 南昌航空大学 | Transition-liquid-phase-assisted solid-phase connection method |
| CN105108257B (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2018-01-12 | 南昌航空大学 | A kind of transition liquid-phase assisted Solid-state connection method |
| CN110508957A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-11-29 | 南昌航空大学 | A kind of soldering of double panel structure/stepped combined connection method of instant liquid diffusion welding (DW) |
| CN111922501A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-11-13 | 南京三乐集团有限公司 | Precision assembly tool and method for micro-cavity |
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