CN1444514A - Refractory component and assembly with improved sealing for injection of inert gas - Google Patents
Refractory component and assembly with improved sealing for injection of inert gas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1444514A CN1444514A CN01808578A CN01808578A CN1444514A CN 1444514 A CN1444514 A CN 1444514A CN 01808578 A CN01808578 A CN 01808578A CN 01808578 A CN01808578 A CN 01808578A CN 1444514 A CN1444514 A CN 1444514A
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- section
- cross
- gas
- amplifying
- refractory component
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
- B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
- B22D41/58—Pouring-nozzles with gas injecting means
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
- Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
Abstract
A refractory component (1, 14) provided with means of injecting or conveying (5, 16) gas and means of delivering said gas from an external wall of the component to said means of injection (5, 16), and an assembly including a refractory component as described above and a gas delivery line (9, 19), wherein one end of the gas delivery line is engaged in the part of enlarged cross-section which holds a seal (12, 22) in compression against the side walls of the part of enlarged cross-section.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of refractory component, this refractory component be used for to the metal of molten condition for example steel handle, and be equipped with gas supply device and improved sealing be provided.Especially, the present invention relates to be used for this parts of the direct casting of molten condition metal.
The casting of known liquid metal realizes by the equipment that comprises various refractory components that usually these refractory components are formed on two conduits between the continuous metallurgical container.These parts are carried out various functions, transport liquid metal that is:, prevent that this liquid metal from cooling off and being subjected to the chemical erosion of ambient atmosphere, and preferably also regulate the cast flow of liquid metal.For example, these parts can be: the fixed or movable plate that is bearing in inner nozzle, submersed nozzle (entry nozzle) or the protective casing on the all-in-one-piece furnace bottom piece (wellblock), the following mouth of a river (collector nozzle) or guiding valve bottom upper metallurgical vessel.
Joint surface between these different parts that form the cast conduit all constitutes potential surrounding air inlet point.In fact, flow through the cast conduit by making liquid metal, will produce very big negative pressure, this negative pressure will make air enter by these joint surfaces.It is known to the adverse effect of casting metals quality that such air enters (nitrogen and oxygen), and is devoted to correct this adverse effect for a long time always.
At present a kind of method known in the art relate to inert gas for example argon gas be injected in the joint surface between two adjacent refractory components of cast conduit.This injection for example can be by for this reason and the groove of making on the surface of at least one parts is realized.In fact, this groove must be as far as possible around plug hole, and like this, the inert gas that is in direct draught can prevent that any air from entering the cast conduit.Recently, a kind of improved form of this system has been proposed in International Patent Application WO 98/17421, this improved form comprises the sealant that is infused in suspension in the carrier fluid (this carrier fluid can be an inert gas) in addition, like this, in casting cycle, any seal failure that may occur between two adjacent surfaces all can be eliminated immediately.
Present other method known in the art need directly be injected inert gas the cast conduit, so that be formed with the barrier that prevents ambient air contamination along the whole length of cast conduit.At this moment, inert gas is injected in the liquid metal usually by spreading from the porous wall of the parts that form cast conduit part realizes, perhaps in another known version, realize by the one or more holes of arranging around the cast conduit that are hole or form of slots.
And, in another known method, so that the mode that inert gas cooperates with liquid metal machinery is directly injected inert gas the cast conduit.The purpose that the inert gas of the type injects is to make some refractory component that is positioned at the decanting point downstream and especially is vulnerable to the corrosiveness of liquid metal stream avoid corrosion, and this refractory component for example is used to regulate the edge of plug hole of portable plate of the guiding valve of flow.Another known effect of inert gas being injected the cast conduit is to reduce to pour into a mould the conduit blocking problem.In fact, owing to the problem that formation alumina deposit on the wall of cast conduit causes has been known for a long time, especially under the situation of casting dealuminzation steel.The inert gas in downstream that is injected into the point of the obstruction that the type may take place like this can make liquid metal and cast conduit machinery separate, and perhaps even this liquid metal and cast conduit heat are isolated, thereby prevents or reduce the formation of this deposition.
At last, also can be in order to cool off described refractory component injecting gas.Should be known in and the invention still further relates to the parts that are used for gas is injected the metallurgical tank bottom that includes pool of molten metal, for example porous plug.
For present patent application, wording " injection of gas " had both referred to inert gas is directly injected the bottom of cast conduit or metallurgical tank, also refer to the inert gas (sealant that perhaps in carrier fluid, suspends, as described in International Patent Application WO 98/17421) by being injected into around the groove of liquid metal plug hole in the joint surface between two adjacent refractory components of cast conduit, perhaps refer to inject refrigerating gas to small part.
The refractory component that is used for inert gas injecting generally includes the device (by groove or cast conduit) that supplies gas to injection device.But, in the assembly of known refractory component, the feedway of gas and injection device are provided by the adjacent parts that are interconnected (they even can be by the neutral refractory parts separately, essential characteristic is that this gas can pass to injection device from feedway).For this reason, in the present patent application, will be referred to be equipped with the parts of gas supply device and injection device, this will be referred to the device that comprises the parts of gas supply device and injection device or be equipped with supply gas equally and gas is transmitted and/or flow to the parts of the device of injection device, and this injection device can be provided by another refractory component.
Feedway generally includes on the outer wall that is opened on refractory component and the inlet hole that is connected with the gas supply pipe road.This service is connected with the fixing gas supply pipe road of casting equipment, and can connect by flexible pipe, to prevent heat radiation.Usually, in the manufacture process of described refractory component, metal connecting piece is installed in the inlet hole; Then, this connector and material carry out sintering by the refractory material to parts and form a black box.Then, can (both can be that this connector is equipped with the male thread portion that stretches out above these parts by being threaded, the female end of pipeline is screwed on this external screw thread, also can be that this connector has internal thread, the male end of pipeline be screwed in this internal thread), by welding or connector is connected with the gas supply pipe road by various mechanical connection manners.These gas supply devices can not be entirely satisfactory, at first, nipple can not form airtight, especially the sort ofly will in the casting course of work, keep airtight joint under the suffered very high-temperature of this equipment, secondly, owing to the difference between the coefficient of expansion of the metal of making connector and refractory material, with the gas-tight seal that progressively damages inevitably between connector and the refractory material.The counter productive of this gas-tight seal loss has three: at first, the injection rate of gas is (known inert gas is the price height of argon for example) greatly a lot; Secondly, as mentioned above, known whole casting conduit is in negative pressure following time with respect to external environment, the danger that has the joint of air by these damages to be inhaled into; The 3rd, when gas-tight seal was lost, the gas flow in the actual injected system can not accurately be controlled, the system that therefore can not foundation can reproduce fully.
Carried out various effort to improve this situation, for example: in metal shell, this metal shell comprises the hole at the connector place with refractory component " dress "; Weld then with the machinery that guarantees this connector and keep and the improvement air seal.A plurality of shortcomings of this " improvement " have been reported.For example, when connector and metal shell were integral, it had the trend that gets loose from refractory material, and will motion around its seat, and this will cause losing inert gas and air is entered in the liquid metal, as mentioned above.
Recently, in European patent application EP 703028, proposed a kind of very simply device, be used for inert gas is supplied with the inner nozzle, wherein, the outer surface that receives the refractory component of air feed includes only air admission hole, and the jointing that is connected with the inert gas service keeps pressing this air admission hole.When suitable, even can between joint and inlet hole, provide seal.
Although these devices have improved this situation greatly, the applicant finds that jointing and the gas-tight seal between the air admission hole on the parts surface can not guarantee satisfactory, even also be like this when seal inserts between joint and the hole.
By a kind of as can be known refractory component of FR-A-2763012, it provides and injects or the device of conveying gas and the device that described gas is supplied with to described injection device from the outer wall of parts, the feedway of gas comprises and extending from the outer wall of parts, have the part of amplifying cross section and at one end is communicated with and is communicated with the device of injection or conveying gas at the other end with this inner with the part of amplifying cross section, has the part that reduces cross section, described parts also comprise against this having the inner of the part of amplifying cross section and the seal installed, described seal comprises the hole, this hole to small part with align having part of amplifying cross section and the intercommunicating pore that has between the part that reduces cross section.
This special construction by refractory component, the gas supply pipe road can deeper insert in the described parts, like this, when suitable seal wherein is housed, not only guarantee the connection place gas-tight seal between two parts of feedway, and guarantee in wall place gas-tight seal with the part of amplifying cross section.As can be seen, compare with the device described in the european patent application 703028, gas-tight seal has very large improvement the (reduced inert gas consumption, reduced the amount that air enters, also can accurately control injecting gas).But, also wish further to improve gas-tight seal.
According to the present invention, the cross section of seal is basic identical with the cross section of amplifier section.Like this, when seal was arranged with the suitable method extruding, it not only abutted against the termination with the part of amplifying cross section, and is resisted against on the sidewall of this part, thereby provides even more airtight sealing.
Preferably, the thickness of sealing part also is no more than the degree of depth that this has the part of amplifying cross section, otherwise, under the squeezing action in gas supply pipe road, when seal is out of shape, this plastic seal is resisted against the edge in the outer hole of feedway, no longer guarantees the gas-tight seal at the place, the inner with the part of amplifying cross section.
According to one particular embodiment of the present invention, the inner with the part of amplifying cross section forms the surface with hole, described have the part of amplifying cross section and have the part that reduces cross section be communicated with by this hole.Like this, can adopt the gas supply pipe road that is tubular substantially.
Preferably, have the hole that the part of amplifying cross section comprises a basic circular cross section, such hole is easy to make.
Can also make the surface that forms the inner be made for plane surface with the part of amplifying cross section, and the axis normal in basic and this hole.This structure not only is easy to realization, and, when it is made by the compacting of parallel elements, will improve its gas-tight seal.
According to a particular aspects of the present invention, the thickness of sealing part is no more than this degree of depth with the part of amplifying cross section.Should be known in that the sealing part can make one with these parts.
Preferably, the cross section of sealing part is basic identical with the cross section of amplifier section.Like this, when seal was arranged with the suitable method extruding, it not only abutted against the termination with the part of amplifying cross section, and is resisted against on the sidewall of this part, thereby provides even more airtight sealing.Importantly, the thickness of sealing part also is no more than the degree of depth that this has the part of amplifying cross section, otherwise, under the squeezing action in gas supply pipe road, when seal is out of shape, this plastic seal is resisted against the edge in the outer hole of feedway, no longer guarantees the gas-tight seal at the place, the inner with the part of amplifying cross section.
Preferably, the sealing part becomes the form of packing ring.The folded buttress of such packing ring but, can be provided according to required seal thickness.Those skilled in the art can determine the preferred thickness of sealing part at an easy rate.
Preferably, the sealing part is made by plastic material, and like this, under operating temperature, in the time of above pressure is applied to it, it can fully be out of shape, so that form gas-tight seal with the diapire and the sidewall of the termination with the part of amplifying cross section.Clay and graphite are the materials that is suitable for this purposes, and graphite is preferred.
According on the other hand, the present invention relates to a kind of assembly that comprises above-mentioned refractory component and gas service, wherein, one end in this gas supply pipe road inserts to have in the part of amplifying cross section, this gas supply pipe road keeps seal in place, the inner extruding with the part of amplifying cross section, and makes the sealing part abut against the sidewall that this has the part of amplifying cross section.This assembly advantage as mentioned above.
According to one particular embodiment of the present invention, this refractory component is equipped with metal shell (when for example being the inner nozzle) or metal tape (when for example being the guiding valve plate), and this metal shell or metal tape be local this refractory component that covers in the gas supply device zone at least.Therefore, can between service (by welding or be threaded) and shell or band, form firmly and connect, thereby avoid for example gas-tight seal loss when vibration.
Preferably, inserting the pipe head that has in the part of amplifying cross section is arranged to form gastight joint with seal.For example, this termination can form taper or frustoconical, and like this, its " key " is gone in the joint.As a kind of version, the termination of this pipeline can be formed with screw thread, so that this pipeline " is screwed into " in the joint.Self termination of tapping can also be provided, like this, will in seal, form the screw thread that matches fully on the spot, and pipeline/seal joint is sealed fully.According to this version, the sidewall with the part of amplifying cross section is pressed to described seal in the action that preferably pipe head is screwed in the seal.
At last, according to the most special embodiment of the present invention, it is enough dark to have the part of amplifying cross section, like this, and under inserting this thermal expansion, with the extruding that increases seal with the pipe head in the part of amplifying cross section.In fact, when pipeline firmly was connected with shell or band, it can only expand towards having termination part, that be furnished with seal of amplifying cross section.
In order to explain the present invention better, introduce two infinite embodiment below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the axial cutaway view of inner nozzle;
Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing of the round I among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the axial cutaway view of guiding valve plate.
Fig. 1 has represented inner nozzle 1, and this inner nozzle 1 comprises refractory aggregate 2 and the plate 4 that forms cast conduit 3.This inner nozzle 1 also comprises the device that gas is injected cast conduit 3, and this gas is inert gas such as argon gas for example.The device of these injecting gas is for example formed by the porous material lining 5 that is installed in the groove 6 that is formed in the refractory aggregate 2.This groove 6 links to each other with gas supply device (7,8).As shown in Figure 1, these feedwaies can be formed at the upper surface place of plate 4.Also represented the part in gas supply pipe road 9 among the figure and around the metal shell 10 of inner nozzle plate 4.
Fig. 2 has represented the details of the junction between the gas supply device at plate 4 places of gas feed and inner nozzle.These gas supply devices comprise be communicated with by hole 11, have the part 7 of amplifying cross section and have the part 8 that reduces cross section.The inner with the part of amplifying cross section is equipped with for example seal 12 of graphite, also represented among the figure gas supply pipe road 9, insert an end that has in the part 7 of amplifying cross section.As can be seen, pipeline 9 firmly is connected with shell 10 by circular weld 13.
Fig. 3 has represented the refractory plate 14 of guiding valve, and this refractory plate 14 has a hole 15 that is used for casting of metals.This plate has circular trough 16, and this circular trough 16 and is formed on gas injection channel between these adjacent components with the surface of the refractory component (not shown) of contiguous this plate 14 around plug hole 15.Groove 16 links to each other with gas supply device, this gas supply device comprise be communicated with by hole 21, have the part of amplifying cross section 17 and have the part that reduces cross section 18.Also represented gas supply pipe road 19 among the figure, this gas supply pipe road 19 inserts to have in the part of amplifying cross section, and firmly is connected with the metal tape 20 of plate 14 by spot welding 23.When this plate in use, under the effect of the temperature that assembly is elevated to, pipeline 19 parts between the inner of spotweld 23 and pipeline 19 expand towards the inner of enlarged 17, and squeeze sealing member 22.
Reference number
1. inner nozzle
2. refractory aggregate
3. cast conduit
4. plate
5. polyliner
6. groove
7. has the part of amplifying cross section
8. has the part that reduces cross section
9. gas supply pipe road
10. metal shell
11. intercommunicating pore
12. seal
13. weld seam
14. plate
15. the plug hole of plate
16. gas communication groove
17. have the part of amplifying cross section
18. have the part that reduces cross section
19. gas supply pipe road
20. metal tape
21. intercommunicating pore
22. seal
23. weld seam
Claims (12)
1. refractory component (1,14), it is provided with the device (5 that injects or carry gas, 16) with described gas from the outer wall of these parts to described injection device (5,16) device of Gong Geiing, the feedway of this gas comprises what an outer wall from these parts extended, has the part (7 of amplifying cross section, 17) and one at one end have the part (7 of amplifying cross section with this, 17) the inner is communicated with, and in the other end and injection or carry the device (5 of gas, 16) be communicated with, has the part (8 that reduces cross section, 18), described parts also comprise against this having the inner of the part of amplifying cross section and the seal (12 installed, 22), described seal (12,22) comprise the hole, this hole is to small part and have the part of amplifying cross section and having intercommunicating pore (11 between the part that reduces cross section, 21) alignment is characterized in that: sealing part (12,22) basic and this amplifier section (7 of cross section, 17) cross section is identical.
2. refractory component according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the inner with the part (7,17) of amplifying cross section forms the surface with hole (11,21), described have the part (7,17) of amplifying cross section and have reduce cross section part (8,18) by this hole (11,21) connection.
3. refractory component according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: have the hole that the part (7,17) of amplifying cross section comprises basic circular cross section.
4. refractory component according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the surface that forms the inner with the part (7,17) of amplifying cross section is a plane surface, and the axis normal in basic and this hole.
5. according to any one described refractory component in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: the thickness of sealing part (12,22) is no more than this degree of depth with the part (7,17) of amplifying cross section.
6. refractory component according to claim 5 is characterized in that: sealing part (12,22) is made of one or more plastic material packing rings.
7. one kind comprises the assembly as any one described refractory component (1,14) in the claim 5 to 6 and gas service (9,19), wherein, an end in this gas supply pipe road is held in seal (12,22) to be pressed against on this sidewall with the part (7,17) of amplifying cross section.
8. assembly according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: this refractory component is equipped with metal shell (10) or metal tape (20), wherein, this gas supply pipe road (9,19) is through described shell or band, form firmly connection perhaps with described shell or band adjacency, and at this pipeline and shell or between being with.
9. according to claim 7 or 8 described assemblies, it is characterized in that: termination this gas supply pipe road (9,19), that insert in the refractory component is arranged to form gastight joint with seal (12,22).
10. assembly according to claim 9 is characterized in that: termination this gas supply pipe road (9,19), that insert in the refractory component comprises the screw thread that inserts in the seal.
11. assembly according to claim 9 is characterized in that: termination this gas supply pipe road (9,19), that insert in the refractory component forms taper or frustoconical, and this taper or frustoconical are inserted in the seal (12,22).
12. according to any one described assembly in the claim 7 to 11, it is characterized in that: it is enough dark that this has the part (7,17) of amplifying cross section, like this, under inserting described gas supply pipe road (9, the 19) expansion partly that has in the part of amplifying cross section, will make seal (12,22) be pressed against this inner and be pressed against on this sidewall with the part (7,17) of amplifying cross section with the part (7,17) of amplifying cross section.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00870089 | 2000-04-28 | ||
| EP00870089 | 2000-04-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1444514A true CN1444514A (en) | 2003-09-24 |
Family
ID=8175739
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN01808578A Pending CN1444514A (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2001-04-27 | Refractory component and assembly with improved sealing for injection of inert gas |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20030090043A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1296787A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2003531728A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20030004368A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1444514A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR028542A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2001256017A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0110284A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2406828A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02010599A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL357772A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2002128609A (en) |
| SK (1) | SK15162002A3 (en) |
| TW (1) | TW494139B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001083138A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200207839B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112808966A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2021-05-18 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Casting device |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1445046A1 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-11 | Vesuvius Crucible Company | Means for connecting a pipe for circulating a fluid to a refractory article and refractory article |
| EP2371471A1 (en) * | 2010-03-19 | 2011-10-05 | Vesuvius Group S.A | Internal nozzle for transferring liquid metal contained in a container, system for clamping said nozzle and pouring device |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1176428B (en) * | 1984-07-18 | 1987-08-18 | Radex Italiana Spa | OUTLET SLEEVE IN A DEVICE TO CONTROL THE STEEL FLOW MELTED FROM A LADLE OR A BASKET |
| DE4024520A1 (en) * | 1990-08-02 | 1992-02-06 | Didier Werke Ag | CONNECTION BETWEEN THE OUTLET OF A METALLURGICAL VESSEL AND A PROTECTIVE PIPE OR DIP SPOUT |
| DE4223944A1 (en) * | 1992-07-21 | 1994-01-27 | Didier Werke Ag | Connection of gas feed to flushing brick - using pressure ring which is forced against the internal gas channel under effect of external tension band |
| US5723055A (en) * | 1995-10-10 | 1998-03-03 | Vesuvius Crucible Company | Nozzle assembly having inert gas distributor |
| ATE204218T1 (en) * | 1996-10-17 | 2001-09-15 | Vesuvius Crucible Co | SYSTEM FOR TRANSPORTING LIQUID METAL OPERATING METHOD AND FIREPROOF MATERIAL |
| FR2763012A1 (en) * | 1997-05-07 | 1998-11-13 | Vesuvius France Sa | Refractory component, e.g. casting nozzle or casting tube, for the casting of liquid steel |
| US6491190B1 (en) * | 1999-11-22 | 2002-12-10 | Bruce E. Dunworth | Permeable refractory nozzle and manufacturing method |
-
2001
- 2001-04-23 AR ARP010101873A patent/AR028542A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-24 TW TW090109756A patent/TW494139B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-27 KR KR1020027014219A patent/KR20030004368A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-27 CA CA002406828A patent/CA2406828A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-27 US US10/258,925 patent/US20030090043A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-27 WO PCT/BE2001/000076 patent/WO2001083138A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-27 CN CN01808578A patent/CN1444514A/en active Pending
- 2001-04-27 SK SK1516-2002A patent/SK15162002A3/en unknown
- 2001-04-27 RU RU2002128609/02A patent/RU2002128609A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-27 AU AU2001256017A patent/AU2001256017A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-04-27 MX MXPA02010599A patent/MXPA02010599A/en unknown
- 2001-04-27 PL PL01357772A patent/PL357772A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-04-27 JP JP2001580008A patent/JP2003531728A/en active Pending
- 2001-04-27 EP EP01929132A patent/EP1296787A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-27 BR BR0110284-2A patent/BR0110284A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2002
- 2002-09-30 ZA ZA200207839A patent/ZA200207839B/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112808966A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2021-05-18 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Casting device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2003531728A (en) | 2003-10-28 |
| PL357772A1 (en) | 2004-07-26 |
| BR0110284A (en) | 2003-03-05 |
| CA2406828A1 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
| KR20030004368A (en) | 2003-01-14 |
| SK15162002A3 (en) | 2004-06-08 |
| ZA200207839B (en) | 2003-09-30 |
| US20030090043A1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
| WO2001083138A1 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
| EP1296787A1 (en) | 2003-04-02 |
| RU2002128609A (en) | 2004-04-20 |
| TW494139B (en) | 2002-07-11 |
| AU2001256017A1 (en) | 2001-11-12 |
| MXPA02010599A (en) | 2003-03-10 |
| AR028542A1 (en) | 2003-05-14 |
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