CN1444441A - 降低水产养殖中的细菌和病毒含量的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种在水产养殖过程中降低大量水中的细菌和病毒含量的方法,该方法包括:(a)提供大量的用来放养被养殖的水生生物或其卵的水;(b)放养之前,向所述水中加入一种戊二醛的水溶液,加入的量使得水中的戊二醛的浓度达到0.1至2ppm;(c)当戊二醛的浓度达到0.1至2ppm时,向所述水中放养被养殖的水生生物或其卵;(d)使所述被养殖的水生生物或其卵生长;和(e)任选地在生长期向所述水中再加入至少一份戊二醛的水溶液,加入量使得戊二醛的浓度维持在0.1至2ppm。
Description
本发明涉及一种在水产养殖,尤其是虾养殖过程中降低大量水中的细菌和病毒含量的方法。
更具体的是,威胁来自剧毒的、难以处理的病毒,例如Taura综合征病毒(TSV)、黄头病毒(YHV)和白斑综合征杆状病毒(WSBV)。虾还容易患上由细菌如副溶血弧菌引起的疾病。
上述病毒都对养殖的发育阶段的虾的生长有影响。TSV通常对被放养到养殖池塘中2-4星期以内的幼龄阶段(0.1-5.0g重)的虾Litopenaeus vannamei有影响。YHV尤其对幼龄晚期(5-15g重)的虾有影响。WSBV的毒性特别强,通常对早期的后期幼体阶段有影响,但同样能对养殖晚期的虾有影响。这些病毒是性质比较清楚的病原体的实例。已经记载了大量的对虾产率具有毁灭性影响的病毒病原体。
已知在虾养殖过程中向池塘中加入2.5ppm的戊二醛可以控制池塘中的体外寄生虫(原生动物)的生长;参见埃及,Assuit大学,兽医医学院,第8次科学会议(1998年11月15-17日)会议论文。然而,在该论文中,优选使用福尔马林。
Fitzpatrick等在先进的鱼养殖者(Progressive Fish-Culturist)(1995),57,153-155中评价了三种用于处理成年春生大鳞大麻哈鱼的候选杀真菌剂,其中包括戊二醛,在流通系统中分别以31.2和6.2mg/l的用量进行施用。尽管采用戊二醛进行处理被认为具有前景,但还有另外一种选择,就是建议使用过氧化氢。
Salvesent等,国际水产养殖(Aguaculture International)(1997),5,249-258,和Olsen等,水产养殖(Aguaculture)(1999),176,3-13两篇文章公开了采用400-1200mg/l的戊二醛对大西洋大比目鱼和大菱鲆的卵进行消毒的方法。然而,这种高浓度的戊二醛对某些类型的水生生物可能具有毒性;再次参见Fitzpatrick等的文章,其中低至62mg/l的浓度对春生大鳞大麻哈鱼具有毒性。
目前我们已经惊奇地发现通过向被养殖的水生生物及其卵将要在其中生长的池塘中加入浓度非常低的戊二醛能够非常有效地减少对水生生物有害的病毒和细菌,尤其是那些对虾有害的病毒和细菌。
因此,本发明提供了一种在水产养殖过程中降低大量水中的细菌和病毒含量的方法,该方法包括:
(a)提供大量的用来放养被养殖的水生生物或其卵的水;
(b)放养之前,向所述水中加入一种戊二醛的水溶液,加入的量使得水中的戊二醛的浓度达到0.1至2ppm;
(c)当戊二醛的浓度达到0.1至2ppm时,向所述水中一次性放养被养殖的水生生物或其卵;
(d)使所述被养殖的水生生物或其卵生长;和
(e)任选地在生长期向所述水中再加入至少一份戊二醛的水溶液,加入量使得戊二醛的浓度维持在0.1至2ppm。
优选地,在步骤(b)、(c)和(e)的每一步中使用的戊二醛浓度在0.5至1.5ppm的范围内。
所述方法特别适用于降低细菌,尤其是弧菌属细菌,尤其是副溶血弧菌和哈氏弧菌的含量。
所述方法还特别适于降低白斑综合征杆状病毒(WSBV)复合体(也被称作中国病毒),例如HHNBV;RV-PJ和SEMBV黄头病毒(也被称作Hua Leung)和Taura综合征病毒的含量。
所述方法尤其适于甲壳动物的养殖,尤其是适合于虾或对虾及其卵的养殖,例如Litopenaeus vannamei、Litopenaeus setiferus、Litopenaeus stylirostris、Litopenaeus aztecus、Litopenaeuschinensis、Litopenaeus duorarum、Penaeus monodon 以及尤其是Penaeus vannamei(黑虎虾)。
优选地是,在生长期向所述水中再加入至少一份戊二醛的水溶液,加入量使得戊二醛的浓度维持在0.1至2ppm。
更优选地是,在其相应的添加步骤之间以5至10天的间隔向所述水中加入至少两份的戊二醛。
除步骤(e)外,优选地还提供另一个最终生长期,更优选地是至少30天,其间不再加入戊二醛。
所述水产养殖最优选地是在一种密封的通气池塘中进行并且最优选地还可以在一种海洋环境中进行。
因此,通过采用0.1至2ppm的戊二醛处理养殖池塘的水,可以控制机会病原体的出现并且虾或对虾的养殖产率得到显著的提高,如下文所示。同样,在其它甲壳动物、有壳的水生动物和鱼的养殖中也可以采用这种方法。
所述戊二醛优选地以一种50%的水溶液形式来进行施用,该50%的水溶液是一种从商业途径可获得的便利形式。
所述池塘在放养之前采用戊二醛进行处理。根据池塘的大小和深度,在不同池塘中戊二醛的使用量不相同。建议每公顷每米深度加入20kg的50%的戊二醛水溶液(即戊二醛的浓度为1ppm)。
利用一种适当的分散方法使适量的产品均匀地分布在所述的池塘中。分散之前,可取的是甚至用水将所述50%的水溶液进行预稀释。
一旦在所述池塘中进行放养,可以向池塘中加入戊二醛,加入量为20kg/公顷/米深度,每星期一次,最多持续12个星期。
优选地在收获对虾之前的30天内停止处理。
上述建议可以作为一般性的指导。当地条件如海温、气候和池塘水的组成可能会对效力产生影响。
建议定期检查虾的健康状况以便确定没有产生副作用。
借助下列实施例对本发明优选的实施方案进行更详细的描述。
实施例
在远东选择两个池塘。
1号池塘的面积为6000m2以及深度为1米。该池塘的放养水平是30个后期幼体/m2,因而被认为是模拟密集型养殖。
2号池塘的面积为7000m2以及深度也为1米。该池塘的放养水平是10个后期幼体/m2,因而被认为是典型的半密集型养殖。
放养之前将一种以戊二醛为活性成分的50%的水溶液加到每个池塘中并且在从收获前的107天中刨去30天的时间内进行处理。
每次处理的目标剂量为1.0-1.4ppm的所述水溶液(即0.5-0.7ppm的戊二醛),相当于10-14kg水溶液/公顷/米深度(1公顷=10000m2)。按照这种方式,除收获前的最后30天外,戊二醛的浓度被维持在0.5-0.7ppm的范围内。
该研究结果见下表1。结果
表1 采用戊二醛溶液(GDA)进行处理后的试验池塘的产率(相当于吨/公顷)池塘 收获前不处理的池塘1 面积 深度 放养 水处理 时间 目标剂量 产率池塘2 (m2) (m) (后期幼体/m2) (天数) (ppm)[kg/公顷] (吨/公顷)
6000 1 30 GDA 30 (1.0-1.4)[10-14] 7
7000 1 30 GDA 30 (1.0-1.4)[10-14] 1.36
在107天内从1号池塘(密集型)6000 m2获得的产量是4.2吨,产率相当于7吨/公顷。
在107天内从2号池塘(半密集型)7000m2获得的产量是0.95吨,产率相当于1.36吨/公顷。
注释:在越南,半密集型规模的养殖的标准产率大约为0.7吨/公顷。
从上述研究中可以看到,即使在低至0.5-0.7ppm的浓度下,戊二醛(作为活性成分)在处理和保护水以抵抗有害疾病方面对虾养殖也具有非常有益的效果。
所述方法能够对池塘进行有效的处理,首先是提供一个清洁的未进行放养的池塘,该池塘已经采用戊二醛进行了处理从而降低了疾病侵袭的风险。采用戊二醛进行的清洁水处理将有助于向水中引进后期幼体阶段的虾。该方法能被用来将病原体控制在对这些虾无害的水平。
利用该方法能够在整个生长季节中确保池塘中的微生物的数量得到控制。这样非常理想,因为微生物可能是潜伏的或者是通过养殖过程而被引进的。本发明的方法可以被安全地用于整个季节从而有助于降低此风险。
如果正确地使用,本发明的方法不但不会对虾有害而且还为消费者提供了很好的安全保证。
Claims (15)
1.一种在水产养殖过程中降低大量水中的细菌和病毒含量的方法,该方法包括:
(a)提供大量的用来放养被养殖的水生生物或其卵的水;
(b)放养之前,向所述水中加入一种戊二醛的水溶液,加入的量使得水中的戊二醛的浓度达到0.1至2ppm;
(c)当戊二醛的浓度达到0.1至2ppm时,向所述水中放养被养殖的水生生物或其卵;
(d)使所述被养殖的水生生物或其卵生长;和
(e)任选地在生长期向所述水中再加入至少一份戊二醛的水溶液,加入量使得戊二醛的浓度维持在0.1至2ppm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中在步骤(b)、(c)和(e)的每一步中使用的戊二醛浓度在0.5至1.5ppm的范围内。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,被应用于弧菌属的细菌。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其中所述的弧菌属的细菌选自副溶血弧菌和哈氏弧菌。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,被应用于选自白斑综合征杆状病毒(WSBV)复合体、黄头病毒和Taura综合征病毒的病毒。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中所述病毒是选自HABV;RV-JP;和SEMBV的WSBV复合体。
7.根据上述权利要求中的任一项权利要求所述的方法,其中所述被养殖的水生生物或其卵是甲壳动物或其卵。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述甲壳动物或其卵是虾、对虾或其卵。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法,其中所述甲壳动物选自Litopenaeus vannamei、Litopenaeus setiferus、Litopenaeusstylirostris、Litopenaeus aztecus、Litopenaeus chinensis、Litopenaeus duorarum、Penaeus monodon和Penaeus vannamei。
10.根据上述权利要求中的任一项权利要求所述的方法,其包括如权利要求1所给出和定义的步骤(e)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中在其相应的添加步骤之间以5至10天的间隔向所述水中加入至少两份的戊二醛。
12.根据上述权利要求中的任一项权利要求所述的方法,除步骤(e)外,其还包括另一个最终生长期,其间不再加入戊二醛。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其中所述的另一个最终生长期至少为30天。
14.根据上述权利要求中的任一项权利要求所述的方法,其在一个密封的通气池塘中进行。
15.根据上述权利要求中的任一项权利要求所述的方法,其在一种海洋环境中进行。
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GBGB0019607.1A GB0019607D0 (en) | 2000-08-09 | 2000-08-09 | Reducing the level of bacteria and viruses in aquaculture |
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EP (1) | EP1307092B1 (zh) |
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AT (1) | ATE258376T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2002227528A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE60101915D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK1307092T3 (zh) |
EC (1) | ECSP034471A (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2215148T3 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB0019607D0 (zh) |
NO (1) | NO318516B1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT1307092E (zh) |
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Cited By (1)
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CN111468533A (zh) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-07-31 | 南宁市巨洋农牧有限公司 | 一种养殖池塘底质土壤修复方法 |
Families Citing this family (7)
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AU2005257993A1 (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2006-01-05 | Aonori Aquafarms, Inc. | Managed co-cultures of organisms having prophylactic and health-promoting effects |
JP4682291B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-28 | 2011-05-11 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | ワムシ単性生殖卵の消毒方法 |
US9187344B2 (en) | 2008-08-01 | 2015-11-17 | Silver Bullet Water Treatment Company, Llc | Water treatment device and methods of use |
CA2803926C (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2018-02-13 | Aardvark Ip Holding, Llc | Water treatment systems and methods using uv radiation |
CN106659130A (zh) * | 2014-04-29 | 2017-05-10 | 拜耳作物科学有限合伙公司 | 在组合的稻‑水产养殖系统中改善水产养殖动物生产的方法 |
US10043371B2 (en) | 2016-10-18 | 2018-08-07 | International Business Machines Corporation | Aquatic epidemic alert methods and systems |
CN108184734A (zh) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-06-22 | 正丰源生物科技(苏州)有限公司 | 一种南美白对虾高效养殖方法 |
Family Cites Families (9)
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US3551566A (en) * | 1967-09-27 | 1970-12-29 | Dainippon Pharmaceutical Co | Fish disease treating composition and method of using same |
US4675159A (en) * | 1985-09-29 | 1987-06-23 | Al Sioufi Habib | Method and device for disinfecting biological fluids and container for same |
EP0446585A1 (en) * | 1990-03-12 | 1991-09-18 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ag | Control of fungal infections in aquaculture |
US5219875A (en) * | 1990-11-27 | 1993-06-15 | Rohm And Haas Company | Antimicrobial compositions comprising iodopropargyl butylcarbamate and 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one and methods of controlling microbes |
US5212193A (en) * | 1991-03-20 | 1993-05-18 | Rohm And Haas Company | Antimicrobial compositions comprising 3,4-dichloroanilides and isothiazolones and methods of controlling microbes |
US5863547A (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 1999-01-26 | Healthpoint, Ltd. | Glutaraldehyde plus alcohol product |
US6040283A (en) * | 1998-07-08 | 2000-03-21 | Microchem Laboratory, Inc. | Concentrated alkaline glutaraldehyde-phenolic disinfectant |
US6518252B2 (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2003-02-11 | University Of Georgia Research Foundation, Inc. | Method of treating aquatic animals with an antimicrobial agent and chelating agent |
ITMI20031011A1 (it) * | 2003-05-20 | 2004-11-21 | Vanetta S P A | Composti biocidi per il trattamento delle acque. |
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2000
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- 2001-07-25 AU AU2002227528A patent/AU2002227528A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN111468533A (zh) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-07-31 | 南宁市巨洋农牧有限公司 | 一种养殖池塘底质土壤修复方法 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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GB0019607D0 (en) | 2000-09-27 |
JP2004504858A (ja) | 2004-02-19 |
WO2002011528A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
NO20030350D0 (no) | 2003-01-23 |
ES2215148T3 (es) | 2004-10-01 |
CN1186978C (zh) | 2005-02-02 |
EP1307092B1 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
NO318516B1 (no) | 2005-04-04 |
DE60101915D1 (de) | 2004-03-04 |
ECSP034471A (es) | 2003-07-25 |
NO20030350L (no) | 2003-02-07 |
PT1307092E (pt) | 2004-06-30 |
AU2002227528A1 (en) | 2002-02-18 |
TWI238041B (en) | 2005-08-21 |
US7140323B2 (en) | 2006-11-28 |
ATE258376T1 (de) | 2004-02-15 |
DK1307092T3 (da) | 2004-04-19 |
US20050145564A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
EP1307092A1 (en) | 2003-05-07 |
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