CN1438086A

CN1438086A - Gear teeth-shape processing method and apparatus for realizing same

Info

Publication number: CN1438086A
Application number: CN 02114876
Authority: CN
Inventors: 霍秀荣
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2002-02-10
Filing date: 2002-02-10
Publication date: 2003-08-27
Anticipated expiration: 2022-02-10
Also published as: CN1219622C

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for machining tooth profile of gear and equipment for implementing said method. The gear blank is swang around an axis while making generation motion, said swinging axis is perpendicularly crossed with rotating axis of gear blank generation motion and is parallel with the radial feed direction of gear cutter. Said equipment comprises a main shaft and a rotating shaft, both are connected by means of central ball bearing and fixed circumferentially, on the rotating shaft a gear blank clamping mechanism is set, and a supporting frame also is rotatably connected on the rotating shaft, and a swinging shaft is connected with the supporting frame, and said supporting frame is coupled with the main shaft.

Description

The processing method of the form of gear tooth and the device of implementing this method

Technical field

The device that the present invention relates to the method for the process technology of the form of gear tooth, particularly machining and implement this method.

Background technology

Form of gear tooth processing mainly is to adopt cutting working method, and the most frequently used in the machining be exactly generating, as gear shaping, gear hobbing, shaving and generating roll flute etc., the characteristics of this processing method are to utilize the gear motion of cutter for gear wheel and wheel blank to cut out profile of tooth, that is cutter for gear wheel is except making cutting movement and radially the feed campaign, also keeping cutter for gear wheel and by the meshing relation between the cutting wheel blank.In prior art, wheel blank rotates around a fixed axis, the angle of this axis and Tool in Cutting direction immobilizes in the working angles, each generating motion can only process fixing gear helical angle, change gear helical angle and just must stop gear motion, readjust the differential gear in cutter and the workpiece drive connection, reach the purpose that changes gear helical angle.Therefore existing processing method can't process helical angle continually varying gear.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cutting working method that processes helical angle continually varying gear, and the isolated plant of realizing this method.

Processing method of the present invention is achieved in that form of gear tooth processing method comprises the cutting movement of cutter for gear wheel, radially feed campaign and keep cutter for gear wheel and by the generating motion of meshing relation between the cutting wheel blank, especially, wheel blank is also swung around an axis when doing generating motion, the pivot center of this axis of oscillation and wheel blank generating motion intersects vertically, and parallel with the radially direction of feed of cutter for gear wheel.Can make wheel blank rotate the rotation axis rotation on one side like this to keep generating motion, swing around axis of oscillation again on one side, so just, can on wheel blank, cut helical angle continually varying profile of tooth, and the Changing Pattern of helical angle is consistent around the angle Changing Pattern of axis of oscillation swing with wheel blank.

The isolated plant of realizing above-mentioned processing method is achieved in that device has a main shaft, main shaft one end is fixed with an astrosphere bearing, the outer ring of astrosphere bearing or inner ring and main shaft are fixed, correspondingly inner ring or outer ring and another root turning cylinder are fixed, turning cylinder is provided with the wheel blank clamp mechanism, the axes intersect of main shaft and turning cylinder is in the center of astrosphere bearing, circumferentially fixing between turning cylinder and the main shaft, making main shaft can drive turning cylinder rotates, on turning cylinder, also be rotatably connected to a support, be connected with a swinging axle on the support again, and the intersect vertical axis of the axis of swinging axle and turning cylinder is in the center of astrosphere bearing, make turning cylinder both have the free degree, have again along with the free degree of support around the swinging axle swing around self axis rotation.Constitute interaction relation by link gear between support and the main shaft, swinging axle is rotated with main shaft swing.This device operation principle is as follows: earlier this device is installed in gear shapping machine when adding work gear, on the existing gear cutting machine such as gear-hobbing machine or gear shaving machine, installation method is that the main shaft with this device is fixed on the rotary work-table of lathe, with the turning cylinder that is used for the mounting teeth wheel blank originally on the main shaft replacement lathe of this device, in addition the swinging axle of support is fixed on the correct position on the lathe, this position should make the swinging axle of support vertical with main shaft, and parallel with the radially direction of feed of cutter for gear wheel, wheel blank is enclosed within on the turning cylinder and with clamp mechanism fixes at last.Carry out and to open lathe after the above-mentioned installment work and process.In the process, the cutter for gear wheel of lathe and the characteristics of motion of rotary work-table are still according to the original design running of lathe, different is the not directly driven gear base rotation of rotary work-table of lathe, but come the driven gear base to rotate by the main shaft and the turning cylinder of this device, keep meshing relation between wheel blank and the cutter with this, meanwhile, the main shaft of this device drives support by link gear and swings around swinging axle, has realized that wheel blank is while the characteristics of motion of swinging do generating motion.Since the axis of swinging axle and the intersect vertical axis of turning cylinder, and parallel with the radially direction of feed of cutter for gear wheel, therefore can on wheel blank, cut helical angle continually varying profile of tooth, and the Changing Pattern of helical angle is decided by the swaying movement regularity of wheel blank.

Advantage of the present invention is: can process helical angle continually varying gear, implement the internal structure that this processing method need not to change existing gear cutting machine, do not influence original performance of lathe, implement easily, device of the present invention is applicable to various gear cutting machines, almost can be installed on all lathes with the generating cutting pinion, and is applied widely, adaptability is strong, and the device self structure is simple, helps reducing cost.

Description of drawings

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the kinematic sketch of the inventive method;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the example I of apparatus of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is the B-B cutaway view Amplified image of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is the embodiment that the support of apparatus of the present invention is connected with swinging axle;

Fig. 6 is that the C of Fig. 2 is to partial enlarged drawing;

Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the example II of apparatus of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is a kind of gear teeth face expanded view with the inventive method processing gained.

The specific embodiment

One. about the detailed description of the inventive method:

Fig. 1 is processed as the motion principle that example illustrates the inventive method for two kinds with gear shaping and gear hobbing simultaneously, and wherein pinion cutter 1 moves up and down or the rolling of screw shaped hobcutter 2 and the cutting movement of the formation cutter for gear wheel that moves up and down; The D of pinion cutter 1 or hobcutter 2 is radially feed campaign to motion; Wheel blank 3 rotates around axis 5, and constitutes generating motion with pinion cutter 1 or hobcutter 2.Above-mentioned motion principle is the same with existing processing method.The characteristics of the inventive method be wheel blank 3 when doing generating motion also around an axis 4 swing, this axis of oscillation 4 intersects vertically with the pivot center 5 that wheel blank is done generating motion, and parallel with the radially direction of feed D of cutter for gear wheel.Because wheel blank 3 is swung while rotating, therefore can on wheel blank 3, cut helical angle continually varying profile of tooth, and, just can correspondingly change the size and Orientation of gear helical angle as long as the swaying movement regularity of control gear base 3 is just controlled the angular dimension and the direction of swinging.As long as for example make wheel blank reciprocally swinging β angle in each rotation period, just can process helical angle continually varying profile of tooth shown in Figure 8.

In order to make the profile of tooth that cuts more accurate, preferably make the axis of oscillation 4 of wheel blank 3 just in time pass the intermediate point of the gear tooth width H that desires machine-shaping as shown in Figure 1.

The mode of control gear base swing both can adopt mechanical system, made wheel blank swinging axle 4 and turning cylinder 5 constitute interaction relation by frame for movement, can adopt computer-controlled mode again, by the rotating speed ratio of computer monitoring swinging axle 4 with turning cylinder 5.The latter's advantage is just can process the different gear of helical angle Changing Pattern as long as change control program, and processing has flexible machining characteristics flexibly.

Two. about the detailed description of apparatus of the present invention:

Example I

Simultaneously referring to Fig. 2,3, device has a main shaft 7, be fixed with an astrosphere bearing 9 in the counterbore 8 of main shaft one end, screw 10 is fixed the outer ring of astrosphere bearing 9, the inner ring of astrosphere bearing and another root turning cylinder 11 are fixing, fixed form is axially to pass turning cylinder 11 with a stock screw 12, spins with the little axle 13 in center that is socketed on the astrosphere bearing inner race, and the inner ring of astrosphere bearing and turning cylinder 11 are fixed together.Can certainly make the inner ring of astrosphere bearing and main shaft 7 fixing, and outer ring and turning cylinder 11 be fixing, as long as the axes intersect of main shaft 7 and turning cylinder 11 is in the center of astrosphere bearing 9 conversely.Turning cylinder 11 is provided with the shaft shoulder 14, and a sidespin relative with the shaft shoulder 14 is connected to nut 15, and the shaft shoulder 14 and nut 15 constitute the clamp mechanism of fixed teeth wheel blanks 3 usefulness, expresses wheel blank 3 with imaginary line among Fig. 2,3 and is clamped at state between the shaft shoulder 14 and the nut 15.For fixed teeth wheel blank 3 more accurately, between the shaft shoulder 14 and nut 15, also be with a positioning sleeve 16 in axial sliding on the main shaft 7, positioning sleeve 16 inserts the centre bore of wheel blanks 3 during installation, makes the location of wheel blank 3 more accurate.The turning cylinder 11 of present embodiment and the circumferential fixed structure between the main shaft 7, be to offer one at turning cylinder 11 towards an end of main shaft 7 to dehisce towards the horn mouth 17 of main shaft 7, main shaft 7 stretches in the horn mouth 17, simultaneously referring to Fig. 4, side wall surface at horn mouth 17 has chute 18, on main shaft 7, be fixed with a cylindrical slider 19 that places in the chute 18, and the center line of cylindrical slider 19 just in time passes the center of astrosphere bearing 9, turning cylinder 11 both can have been driven by slide block 19 by main shaft 7 and rotate like this, can be that fulcrum is swung towards any direction with astrosphere bearing 9 again, the amplitude peak of swing be subjected to the size restriction of dehiscing of horn mouth 17.The effect of another chute 37 on the horn mouth side wall surface is that the screw 10 of avoiding the fixed center ball bearing to use is collided with the horn mouth side wall surface.The two ends of turning cylinder 11 are rotationally connected by rolling bearing 20 and sliding bearing 21 and a support 22, be connected with a swinging axle 23 on the support 22, and the intersect vertical axis of the axis of swinging axle 23 and turning cylinder 11 is in the center of astrosphere bearing 9, make turning cylinder 11 both have the free degree of rotating, have again along with the free degree of support 22 around swinging axle 23 swings around self axis.Connected mode between swinging axle 23 and the support 22, both can make swinging axle 23 be rotationally connected as shown in Figure 3 by bearing 25 and support 22, swinging axle 23 is fixed on the lathe frame 26, can as shown in Figure 5 swinging axle 23 be fixed on the support 22 again, and be rotationally connected by bearing 24 and lathe frame 26.In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2,3, cam mechanism between support 22 and the main shaft 7 is an end face cylindrical cam mechanism, the driving link 27 of cam mechanism is an end face cylindrical cam coaxial with main shaft 7, driven member has two, two driven member 28a, 28b are arranged symmetrically in the both sides of swinging axle 23, and are connected with support 22.Driven member 28a, 28b among the figure are cylindrical rollers.The operation principle of this end face cylindrical cam mechanism is such: end face cylindrical cam 27 is along with main shaft 7 rotates together, the working face shape of end face cylindrical cam 27 forces the interior at one time direction of motion of two driven member 28a, 28b opposite, thereby drives support 22 swings.In order to guarantee that two driven member 28a, 28b contact with the working face of end face cylindrical cam 27 all the time, two driven members of present embodiment are connected with support 22 by connecting rod 29a, 29b respectively, one of them connecting rod 29a and support 22 are affixed, another connecting rod 29b and support 22 are hinged, and between connecting rod 29b and support 22, be connected with spring 30, the elastic force direction of spring 30 is to force driven member 28b to rely on the direction of driving link 27, thereby guarantees that driven member 28a, 28b contact with the working face of end face cylindrical cam 27 all the time.Fig. 6 expresses the articulated structure between connecting rod 29b and the support 22.

The operation principle of present embodiment is described below in conjunction with Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.Fig. 2 represents that this device has been installed on the gear-hobbing machine, wherein main shaft 7 is fixed on the rotary work-table 32 of gear-hobbing machine by bolt 31, the swinging axle 23 of support 22 is fixed on the lathe frame 26 of gear-hobbing machine, should look after and guide the position of swinging axle 23 during installation, make swinging axle 23 vertical with main shaft 7, and parallel with the radially direction of feed D of worm screw shape hobcutter 2, if there is not ready-made correct position on the frame of gear-hobbing machine, then brace table of the special making of need replaces the lathe frame 26 among Fig. 2.Wheel blank 3 is enclosed within on the turning cylinder 11, is clamped between the positioning sleeve 16 and the shaft shoulder 14 by nut 15.End face cylindrical cam 27 is fixed on the rotary work-table 32 by bolt 33, makes end face

cylindrical cam

27 and 7 coaxial connections of main shaft, can certainly be directly that end face cylindrical cam 27 and main shaft 7 is affixed.After starting gear-hobbing machine, rotary work-table 32 drives main shaft 7 and end face cylindrical cam 27 rotates together.Main shaft 7 drives turning cylinders 11 by slide block 19 and rotates, and keeps meshing relation between wheel blank 3 and the worm screw shape hobcutter 2 with this.Meanwhile, end face cylindrical cam 27 forces its driven member 28a, 28b rippling, thereby drive support 22 swings by connecting rod 29a, 29b, the working face shape of end face cylindrical cam 27 has determined the swaying movement regularity of support 22, that is has determined the swaying movement regularity of wheel blank 3.Wheel blank 3 is swung while rotating, and hobcutter 2 just cuts helical angle continually varying profile of tooth on wheel blank 3, and the Changing Pattern of helical angle is decided by the swaying movement regularity of wheel blank 3.

Example II

Referring to Fig. 7, present embodiment only is that with the difference of example I the link gear between support 22 and the main shaft 7 is different, though present embodiment also adopts cam mechanism, but be a Fixed width cam mechanism, it is the eccentric wheel of turning cylinder with main shaft 7 that the driving link 34 of this Fixed width cam mechanism is one, this eccentric wheel can with the main shaft global formation, driving link in driven member 35 clampings, and affixed with support 22.When driving link 34 rotates along with main shaft 7, drive support 22 by driven member 35 and swing back and forth, the amplitude of swing is decided by the offset of driving link 34.Also be connected with astrosphere bearing 36 between driving link 34 among Fig. 7 and the driven member 35, the inner ring of astrosphere bearing 36 is enclosed within on the driving link 34, and the outer ring is fixed on the driven member 35, and the astrosphere bearing can make driving link 34 and driven member 35 no-floats.Present embodiment is compared with example I, and except above-mentioned cam mechanism difference, other structure and mounting means, operation principle are the same with example I, are not repeated.

Apparatus of the present invention can be applicable on other existing lathe that adds work gear with generating such as gear shapping machine, gear grinding machines equally, the lathe that only has the cutter relieving motion for those, as gear shapping machine, because the rotary work-table that its driven gear base rotates also has reciprocal translation except rotatablely moving, so the swinging axle 23 of the support 22 of apparatus of the present invention should be installed in rotary work-table and do on the frame of reciprocal translation.

Claims

1. the processing method of a form of gear tooth, comprise the cutting movement of cutter for gear wheel, radially feed campaign and keep cutter for gear wheel and by the generating motion of meshing relation between the cutting wheel blank, it is characterized in that: wheel blank is also swung around an axis when doing generating motion, the pivot center of this axis of oscillation and wheel blank generating motion intersects vertically, and parallel with the radially direction of feed of cutter for gear wheel.

2. processing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the axis of oscillation of wheel blank just in time passes the intermediate point of the gear tooth width of desiring machine-shaping.

3. isolated plant of realizing claim 1 or 2 described gear working methods, it is characterized in that: device has a main shaft, main shaft one end is fixed with an astrosphere bearing, the outer ring of astrosphere bearing or inner ring and main shaft are fixed, correspondingly inner ring or outer ring and another root turning cylinder are fixed, turning cylinder is provided with the wheel blank clamp mechanism, the axes intersect of main shaft and turning cylinder is in the center of astrosphere bearing, circumferentially fixing between turning cylinder and the main shaft, on turning cylinder, also be rotatably connected to a support, be connected with a swinging axle on the support again, and the intersect vertical axis of the axis of swinging axle and turning cylinder constitutes interaction relation by link gear in the center of astrosphere bearing between support and the main shaft.

4. device as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: turning cylinder is provided with the shaft shoulder, and a sidespin relative with the shaft shoulder is connected to nut, and the shaft shoulder and nut constitute the wheel blank clamp mechanism.

5. device as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: also be with a positioning sleeve in axial sliding on the main shaft between the shaft shoulder and nut.

6. as the described device of one of claim 3 to 5, it is characterized in that: the structure of circumferentially fixing between turning cylinder and the main shaft, be to open one at turning cylinder towards an end of main shaft to dehisce towards the horn mouth of main shaft, main shaft stretches in the horn mouth, offer chute at bell-mouthed side wall surface, on main shaft, fix a cylindrical slider that places in the chute, and the center line of cylindrical slider just in time passes the center of astrosphere bearing.

7. device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: the link gear between support and the main shaft is a cam mechanism, and the driving link of cam mechanism is connected with main shaft, and driven member is connected with support.

8. device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the cam mechanism between support and the main shaft is an end face cylindrical cam mechanism, the driving link of cam mechanism is an end face cylindrical cam coaxial with main shaft, driven member has two, two driven members are arranged symmetrically in the both sides of swinging axle, and are connected with support.

9. device as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that: two driven members are connected with support by two connecting rods respectively, one of them connecting rod and support are affixed, another connecting rod and support are hinged, and between this connecting rod and support, being connected with spring, the elastic force direction of spring is to force driven member to rely on the direction of driving link.

10. device as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: the cam mechanism between support and the main shaft is a Fixed width cam mechanism, and it is the eccentric wheel of turning cylinder with the main shaft that the driving link of cam mechanism is one, and driving link in the driven member clamping, and affixed with support.