CN1435778A - Geographic information system on-line analysis data model and attribute data object-oriented relating method - Google Patents
Geographic information system on-line analysis data model and attribute data object-oriented relating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1435778A CN1435778A CN 02110697 CN02110697A CN1435778A CN 1435778 A CN1435778 A CN 1435778A CN 02110697 CN02110697 CN 02110697 CN 02110697 A CN02110697 A CN 02110697A CN 1435778 A CN1435778 A CN 1435778A
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Abstract
An on-line analysis data model of geographical information system and the object-orientated association method of attribute data are characterized by that each geographical entity (object) is considered as one member of a set, each object class belongs to higher-level class and inherits its characteristics, the association between space data and attribute data is realized by on-line analysis OLAP, and the auxiliary information appended to space data and the "view set" in attribute data are linked and stored in the form of 2D relation table for expressing complex space relation and network relation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geographic Information System, relate in particular to Geographic Information System on-line analysis data model and attribute data object oriented correlating method.
Background technology
Simple earlier some some notions relevant of describing with the present invention:
Geographic Information System: the computer system that is geodata input, management, analysis and output.English Geographic Information System is abbreviated as GIS.
Geodata: geodata is divided into two kinds, spatial data and attribute data.
Spatial data: also be referred to as geometric data, it is used for showing position, size, shape, direction and the topological geometric relationship of geospatial entity.
Attribute data: also be referred to as the non-space data, it is used for describing the geographic entity that interrelates with geographical entity.
GIS is to be goal in research with the real world as a kind of infosystem, with the binary digit world of computer-internal as memory carrier.It is stored in the understanding of people for the objective world among the computing machine through becoming digital form after a series of processing.
Real world is extremely complicated, and people wish that GIS comprises sufficient data on the one hand, and expectation therefrom can be selected needed related data easily and bypass other unwanted data (Freksa andBarkowsky, 1996) again on the other hand.This will ask for help in a kind of mode of data organization efficiently, the requirement of two aspects is taken into account, both comprised information (comprising information) as much as possible to following potentially useful, can choose desired data quickly and easily again.At this wherein, people are for the understanding and the expression thereof of objective world---and the Spatial Data Model (notion, logic and physical model) of GIS plays crucial effects.Present two kinds relatively the typical space data models be: topological relation data model and towards the data model of entity.
Early stage commercialization GIS software has mostly adopted the data model based on " node-segmental arc-polygon " topological relation, and we claim that this data model is the topological relation data model.As: Arc/Info software.
The topological relation data model is basic organization and each geometric element of storage with the topological relation, is characterized in that with the topological connection relation between point, line, surface be the center.The major advantage of this model is the data structure compactness, and topological relation is distinct, and the topological relation of storing in advance in the system can effectively improve the efficient of system aspect topology inquiry and network analysis.
The concrete tissue and the storage of topological relation data model:
1) 8.0 editions Arc/Info in the past leave position coordinate data in the file system in, and topological attribute are left in the two-dimentional form of relational database system;
2) other softwares all leave coordinate data and topological relation in the various forms of relational database, record corresponding one select, the geometric element (differ and be decided to be complete and independent geographic element) of line or Noodles type.
Opposite with the above topology model, be to be that base unit is expressed geographical space towards the entity space data model with independent, complete, as to have geographic significance entity.This model can overcome several shortcomings of topological relation data model well, have entity management, revise conveniently, query and search, spatial analysis are easy to advantage, the more important thing is its any complicated geographical entity of structuring user's needs easily, and this pattern meets the thinking habit that people treat the objective world, is convenient to the user and understands and accept.Simultaneously, the data model towards entity has system maintenance naturally and expands advantage easily.For example: MapInfo, Intergraph etc.
Concrete tissue and storage towards the entity space data model:
1) coordinate data and the attribute data (as having set up the part topology, topological relation is also placed in the table and preserves) of entity can be left in respectively in file system and the relational database.
2) also can be with the two unified leaving in the relational database.
Attribute data is to be used for describing the geographic entity that interrelates with geographical entity.Can be understood as the data that do not have explicit space characteristics, but these data and space and geographical entity have closely and get in touch, can link together by certain mechanism.This is the basis of Geographic Information System (GIS) and marrow place just also.
In general, what attribute data adopted is traditional data models, be level, netted and relational data model, its middle-level and network data model only has a few users using, and what most users and database manufacturer adopted is the relational data model that accounts for main flow.In the GIS field, attribute data mostly is stored in the relational database, and simultaneously, relational database provides more complete data directory method and information inquiry means for GIS again.
The at present popular spatial data and the interrelational form of attribute data:
The Organization And Management of geodata is an important step of setting up generalized information system.Wherein, the most key is how spatial data and attribute data to be combined together, just the related question of spatial data and attribute data.
Present most of prevailing system all is with spatial data and attribute data separate storage, manage with file and database respectively, connect by public keys (being commonly defined as the atural object identification code), promptly in spatial database and attribute database, set up public field, as ground block code, number etc., set up spatial data and feature data association, thus the mutual inquiry of implementation space data and attribute data.Specifically, present stage popular spatial data and the interrelational form of attribute data have three kinds:
1) mixed type
2) integrated-type
3) object oriented
Wherein, object oriented (Object-oriented Data Model) is the expansion to integrated-type
[6], it is to the attribute data of geographic object and these attribute datas are carried out method of operating carry out unified Modeling, and permanent storage.It has two kinds of trend: the one, build pure object-oriented data storage, and the 2nd, on the relational database basis, set up storage object mechanism.
Because topological relation will be made up as required temporarily, can make the topology inquiry and the efficient analyzed reduces towards the data model of entity.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the objective of the invention is on Geographic Information System on-line analysis (GISOLAP) Spatial Data Model basis, provide the object oriented correlating method of a kind of data model and attribute data.
Its core of GIS Spatial Data Model is to utilize the powerful data mining in OLAP (on-line analysis) binding data warehouse and the function of data warehousing, in advance the various spatial relationships between the map object (mainly being topological relation) are processed processing, lay a solid foundation for realizing various GIS functions fast and efficiently.
According to above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, the object oriented correlating method of geography information on-line analysis data model of the present invention and attribute data, it is characterized in that: geographical entity is a kind of object, a member that each object is considered to gather, each class of object belongs to more higher leveled class and inherits its characteristic, spatial data is realized by on-line analysis OLAP with the related of attribute data: the supplementary at spatial data end is connected with " view collection " in the attribute data, and store with the form of two-dimentional relation table, represent complicated spatial relationship and cyberrelationship with it.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is OO implementation procedure figure;
Fig. 2 is the application block diagram of GISOLAP data model in the object-oriented interrelational form;
Fig. 3 is a police strength face control system level diagram.
Embodiment
Object-oriented is a kind of thought and method, and the basic process of its realization as shown in Figure 1.It comprises four steps:
Use the object tectonic framework, set up the hierarchical structure of class, inherit and reuse and analyze and definite object class.
The object-oriented interrelational form is based on following understanding: to as if an entity, have certain conditioned disjunction state, it is expressed by local variable and the various operations that act on the object.Because the set that object belongs to object itself and operates, so each object a member in can being considered to gather, each class belongs to more higher leveled class, and inherits its characteristic.
Object oriented data model is a kind of novel GIS technology, though had an optimistic view of by people, just present, also there is the difference of understanding aspect, be in further conceptual phase.Many permanent companies are practices according to exploitation PSGIS, have proposed the solution of GISOLAP data model in the object-oriented interrelational form.As shown in Figure 2.
As shown in figure two, geographical entity is a kind of object, and a member that each object is considered to gather, each class of object belong to more higher leveled class and inherit its characteristic (as object-polygon class-polygon 1...).Spatial data is realized by on-line analysis OLAP with the related of attribute data: the supplementary at spatial data end is connected with " view collection " in the attribute data, and store with the form of two-dimentional relation table, represent complicated spatial relationship and cyberrelationship with it; When the user carries out spatial analysis or attribute query, system will scan these two-dimentional relation tables earlier and come quick capture space relation and cyberrelationship, in the shortest time,, offer the user then and inquire about accurately and analysis result Query Result location in spatial data set, attribute data set.
Deploying to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities with police strength below is example, is described in detail as follows:
It is important function in the PSGIS system that police strength is deployed to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities, be at public security system the function of special exploitation.This function mainly be by group deploy to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities, the policeman deploys to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities, preserve deploy to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities figure and the figure that deploys to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities prints these four basic functions and realize arranging in real time the police strength resource, the struggle of response reality fast.
The police strength module of deploying to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities is made up of four basic functions, is respectively: group deploys to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities, the policeman deploys to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities, preserve deploy to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities figure and the figure that deploys to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities prints.Relation as shown in Figure 3.
In police strength is deployed to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities system level, policeman's deploy to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities characteristic of class of the class group of having inherited of deploying to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities, the figure that deploys to ensure effective monitoring and control of illegal activities prints class and inherited the printing class.
The present invention is incorporated into data warehouse technology and OLAP technology in the data model of GIS, realizes the on-line analysis of GIS and strengthens the analytic function of GIS to mass data, thereby widened the research field of GIS.
The GISOLAP data model has made full use of existing perfect large-scale database technology and advanced object-oriented thought, has widened the passage of spatial data and feature data association, has given full play to the spatial analysis functions of GIS, has improved treatment effeciency.
Claims (1)
1, the object oriented correlating method of a kind of geography information on-line analysis data model and attribute data, it is characterized in that: geographical entity is a kind of object, a member that each object is considered to gather, each class of object belongs to more higher leveled class and inherits its characteristic, spatial data is realized by on-line analysis OLAP with the related of attribute data: the supplementary at spatial data end is connected with " view collection " in the attribute data, and store with the form of two-dimentional relation table, represent complicated spatial relationship and cyberrelationship with it.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100442285C (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2008-12-10 | 国际商业机器公司 | Method, system and program product for storing downloadable content on a plurality of enterprise storage system (ESS) cells |
| CN116663662A (en) * | 2023-07-31 | 2023-08-29 | 航天宏图信息技术股份有限公司 | Geographic entity multi-level relation construction method and device based on multi-source semantic network |
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2002
- 2002-01-30 CN CN 02110697 patent/CN1435778A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100442285C (en) * | 2004-07-13 | 2008-12-10 | 国际商业机器公司 | Method, system and program product for storing downloadable content on a plurality of enterprise storage system (ESS) cells |
| CN116663662A (en) * | 2023-07-31 | 2023-08-29 | 航天宏图信息技术股份有限公司 | Geographic entity multi-level relation construction method and device based on multi-source semantic network |
| CN116663662B (en) * | 2023-07-31 | 2023-10-20 | 航天宏图信息技术股份有限公司 | Geographic entity multi-level relation construction method and device based on multi-source semantic network |
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