CN1435086A - Blue-grain wheat (Blue-58), blue monowheat and blue-grain wheat translocation line - Google Patents
Blue-grain wheat (Blue-58), blue monowheat and blue-grain wheat translocation line Download PDFInfo
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- CN1435086A CN1435086A CN 02103260 CN02103260A CN1435086A CN 1435086 A CN1435086 A CN 1435086A CN 02103260 CN02103260 CN 02103260 CN 02103260 A CN02103260 A CN 02103260A CN 1435086 A CN1435086 A CN 1435086A
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Abstract
A translocation-line blue-grain wheat is cultured through distance crossing between the ordinary wheat and the long-ear couchgrass to obtain blue-grain wheat "Blue 58", hybridization between said "Blue 58" and ordinary wheat to obtain the blue-monomer wheat, radiating said wheat "Blue 58" to break partial chromosome of its blue-grain gene, and transferring this chromosome to the other chromosome of wheat to obtain novel translocation-line blue-grain wheat.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.2n=6x=42) and long fringe couchgrass (Rlytricum elongata (Host) Nevski=Agropyron elongatum, the alien substitution blue-grain wheat that 2n=10x=70) selects in the filial generation (blue 58), and by blue 58 a series of blue grain monomer wheat and the blue-grain wheat translocation lines that derive.
Background technology
Wheat is one of most important crops in the world, also is the staple food crop that China is only second to paddy rice.The seed color of wheat is the most common with white grain and red grain, and purple grain and blue-grain wheat are then rare.The outside three-layer weave layer of wheat seed endosperm is: pericarp, plant skin and aleurone layer, and the color of wheat seed depends on the pigment that is deposited on organized layer.White grain and red grain are because the pigment of seed kind intracutaneous causes, purple grain is because pericarp contains the cause of purpurin, the blue pigment of blue-grain wheat then is present in (Fig. 1) in the albuminous cell aleurone layer, and its seed external form is as common wheat, and outstanding feature is that seed is blue.
It is reported that the gene of the red grain characters of control has 3 (P1, R2, and R3), gene is independent inheritance, has additive effect, if the gene number increases, the redness of seed is just deepened, red grain gene dialogue grain gene dominance.For example, in the hybrid combination of a red skin kind and a white skin kind, find F
1Seed is pale red, F
2The kernel seed coat colour in generation all exists to red grain from white grain, and its segregation ratio is 3: 1,15: 1,63: 1,3 red graininess shapes of Gene Handling has been described.The purple pigment that causes the purple seed is present in the pericarp, and pericarp has maternal the growth, and its color depends on the color of maternal seed, and purple shows as maternal inheritance, and by repeating dominant gene control.The heredity of purple seed is comparatively complicated, except that being subjected to gene control, and under different environmental conditions, the depth difference of purple grain grain look, for example, luminous intensity and humidity can have influence on the depth of seed color.The tetraploid durum wheat, wheat relationship kind: relying grass and couchgrass all is the source of purple graininess shape.And the pigment of the blue graininess shape of control blue-grain wheat is present in the albuminous cell aleurone layer, triploid blue aleurone layer, show xenia, blue graininess shape is mainly derived from one grained wheat (Triticum boeoticum) and long fringe couchgrass, and the performance of blue graininess shape is more complicated also.
Yet there are no at present the patent of relevant blue-grain wheat in the world, the accompanying annex of this specification is the pertinent literature through Patent Office of the People's Republic of China's retrieval.
The blue graininess shape of blue-grain wheat is as a kind of morphological markers, very important meaning is arranged in Crop Genetic Breeding, for example by breeding to blue monomer, can keep nullisomic system, and need not carry out cytological Identification, only just disome, monomer and the difference of nullisomic seed can be come, and nullisomic system is an acceptor material of the useful gene of outer rim being poured into wheat with observing seed color.The blue-grain wheat translocation line is again the good system of wheat character gene location and research gene expression regulation, the more important thing is that can set up with blue grain gene is the system of the new gene of clone's wheat of morphological feature and molecular labeling.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of blue-grain wheat (blue 58), blue monowheat and blue-grain wheat translocation line.
For achieving the above object, the blue-grain wheat alien substitution (blue 58) that the present invention utilizes common wheat and long fringe couchgrass hybridization to select from the offspring, and by blue 58 a series of blue grain monomer wheat that derives and blue grain translocation lines.
Blue-grain wheat of the present invention (blue 58) with common wheat and the long fringe couchgrass of wheat relationship kind through distant hybridization, seed selection forms from the offspring, blue 58 characteristic feature is that seed is a navy blue, and somatic chromosome number is 42, comprising two chromosomes from long fringe couchgrass.Being used to hybridize the common wheat parental breed of backcrossing has the sky to select 15 wheats, rice 953 wheats, No. 573 wheats and short rich No. 3 wheats.
Blue monowheat of the present invention obtains in the offspring after hybridizing with above-mentioned blue-grain wheat and common wheat, and the blue monowheat seed color is a medium blue and light blue, contains 1 chromosome from long fringe couchgrass in its somatic chromosome.
Blue-grain wheat translocation line of the present invention is to utilize blue-grain wheat (blue 58) to be material; the selection color is dark blue; the seed of full seed; the method that adopts the width of cloth to penetrate; to be positioned at the chromosome dyad that carries blue grain gene on the 4E chromosome interrupts; the chromosome that makes this section carry blue grain gene moves to be received on other chromosomes of wheat, forms new blue grain translocation line wheat, contains in chromosome of wheat from the chromosomal fragment of long fringe couchgrass.Width of cloth shooting method wherein is: Co60 gamma-rays and fast neutron ray, exposure dose: gamma-rays is 2.5-3 ten thousand Roentgens, and fast neutron is treated to 7 * 10
10
Description of drawings
What Fig. 1 showed is wheat seed albuminous cell aleurone layer.
What Fig. 2 showed is blue-grain wheat of the present invention (blue 58) plant.
Fig. 3 is that spectrogram is identified in blue-grain wheat of the present invention (blue 58) in situ hybridization.
Fig. 4 is that blue-grain wheat of the present invention (blue 58) restriction fragment length polymorphism type (RFLP) method is identified spectrogram.
Fig. 5 is a blue-grain wheat blue pigment genetic development of the present invention.
What Fig. 6 showed is the measuring effect that the blue endosperm gene of blue-grain wheat of the present invention (blue 58) has.
What Fig. 7 showed is the blue grain of the present invention monomer wheat seed selection process.
Fig. 8 identifies spectrogram for the in situ hybridization of the blue grain of the present invention translocation line wheat.
Embodiment
Below just the present invention describe in detail:
1, blue-grain wheat (blue 58)
In conjunction with consulting Fig. 2, blue-grain wheat (blue 58) is that the long fringe couchgrass of common wheat and wheat relationship kind is through distant hybridization, seed selection forms from the offspring, and being used to hybridize the common wheat parental breed of backcrossing has the sky to select 15 wheats, rice 953 wheats, No. 573 wheats and short rich No. 3 wheats.Use classical cytogenetic methods, it is China spring monomer system survey method, binding molecule in situ hybridization and restriction fragment length polymorphism type (RFLP) method (Fig. 3, Fig. 4), proved blue 58 wheats be two chromosomes of long fringe couchgrass replaced common wheat dyad and after entering wheat, formed blue-grain wheat, be a long fringe couchgrass-common wheat alien substitution (alien substitutionline), its somatic chromosome is 42.Blue 58 endosperm blue pigment genetic development mainly comprises three main points:
1. blue endosperm gene has tangible measuring effect.As shown in Figure 5, the chromosome of the blue endosperm gene of 3 bands is arranged in blue 58 albuminous cell, endosperm is navy blue; When do the hybridization of female parent and white wheat with blue-grain wheat after, the hybrid albuminous cell obtains the chromosome of the blue endosperm gene of two bands from maternal polar core, and endosperm is Smalt; The hybrid albuminous cell obtains the blue endosperm gene of band chromosome from the male parent sperm nucleus after blue-grain wheat is done male parent and white wheat hybridization, and it is light blue that endosperm is; The white wheat endosperm is colourless.Above 4 kinds of seeds are connected, with regard to seed color is corresponding shoals along with being with blue endosperm gene chromosome number purpose to reduce in albuminous cell as can be seen, form dark, in, shallow, white 4 grades (Fig. 6).Under the situation of seed normal mature, this dose effect is fully aware of.
The heredity of 2. blue endosperm gene is stable and independently.Separation has appearred in seed bearing color on hybrid F1 plant, and it has reappeared parents and positive and negative hybridization F fully
0Seed viewed dark, in, shallow, white 4 kinds of colors.The genetic development that blue endosperm gene is described is stable, independently.
3. can infer the chromogene type of embryo and offspring's variation thereof from the endosperm color.The hybrid seed that separates has the endosperm phenotype and the genotype of 4 kinds of different colours, and the genotype of embryo has only 3 kinds, the genotype of endosperm and the genotype of embryo are invisible, but after having understood fully the relation between endosperm phenotype, endosperm genotype and the embryo genotype, just can judge the genotype of endosperm according to the phenotype of endosperm, infer the genotype of embryo according to the genotype of endosperm.
2, blue monowheat
Change to interrelate according to the mutual Forecasting Methodology between 3 kinds of genotype of 4 kinds of phenotypes of endosperm and embryo with chromosome number purpose in the monomer wheat reproductive process, just produced the imagination of seed selection blue monowheat, and bred blue monowheat.In the blue monowheat procedure of breeding (Fig. 7), the caryotype of blue-grain wheat represents that with 40W+2 (4E) common wheat is represented with 42W.The caryotype of hybrid F1 is 41W+1 (4E), when reductional cell division, form 20II (univalent)+2I (univalent), because its corresponding chromosome of wheat of 4E chromosome is unpaired, so form two univalents, one is the 4E with blue endosperm gene, and another is a chromosome of wheat.Postmeiotic forms 4 kinds of different andro gametes and oogamete respectively; 20W, 21W, 20W+1 (4E), 21W+1 (4E), the hybrid of 9 kinds of coloured differently body group types of generation after the selfing, wherein 40W+1 (4E) is blue monomer, and the probability that its occurs is 2/16.Promptly obtained stable blue monowheat through two generations of selfing.
The major advantage of blue monowheat is to carry out cytological Identification, only just can be with disome with observing seed color, monomer and the difference of nullisomic seed are come, and U.S. wheat cell geneticist (E.R.Sears) is although set up " China spring monomer " wheat aneuploid system, for the breeding work person uses chromosome engineering method seed selection wheat newtype to establish theoretical foundation and system material is provided, but China spring monomer, the nullisomic system is breeding and is utilizing that to exist selfing shaky, preserve problems such as difficulty, and to detect by an unaided eye be accurately to make a distinction them, unique discrimination method is that a strain one strain ground carries out morphologic observation and cytological Identification in 21 segregation populations, for preserving monomer material, need expend a large amount of time and efforts and carry out cytology work, year after year, repeat from generation to generation, many researchers and unit can not adhere to for a long time that the reason of this work just is this.Since preserve so, use difficult just bigger.And blue grain monomer wheat has solved the difficult problem of evaluation that runs in the breeding of monomer wheat, has created one for seed selection wheat newtype or new varieties and has overlapped not only economy but also practical material.
3, blue-grain wheat translocation line
Utilize blue 58 to be material, select color dark blue, the seed of full seed, adopt Co60 gamma-rays and fast neutron ray that blue 58 wheats are carried out treatment with irradiation, exposure dose: gamma-rays is 2.5-3 ten thousand Roentgens, and fast neutron is treated to 7 * 10
10, will be positioned at the chromosome dyad that carries blue grain gene on the 4E chromosome and interrupt, the chromosome that makes this section carry blue grain gene moves to be received on other chromosomes of wheat, forms new blue grain translocation line wheat (Fig. 8).
Utilize the method for irradiation treatment to cultivate into more than 40 kind of blue-grain wheat translocation line.With blue 58 a series of blue-grain wheat translocation lines of creating are good material of wheat character gene location; because in case determined that blue grain transposition fragment is after on certain bar chromosome; as long as directly observe seed color and with other translocation line comparison; just can will be positioned on the concrete chromosome of wheat of certain bar with the linked a series of character genes of blue grain gene on the coloured differently body; this provides foundation for the physical positioning of gene on chromosome and research linkage relationship; and if can come out synthesizing directly related gene clone with blue-grain wheat aleurone layer blue pigment; then not only can set up the good system of a research gene expression regulation, the more important thing is that can set up with blue grain gene is the system of the new gene of clone's wheat of morphological feature and molecular labeling.Annex: the documents and materials of Patent Office of the People's Republic of China's retrieval
Claims (5)
1, a kind of blue-grain wheat (blue 58), through distant hybridization, seed selection forms from the offspring with common wheat and the long fringe couchgrass of wheat relationship kind, it is characterized in that, the seed of this blue-grain wheat is a navy blue, and somatic chromosome number is 42, comprising two chromosomes from long fringe couchgrass.
2, a kind of blue monowheat obtains in the offspring after hybridizing with above-mentioned blue-grain wheat and common wheat, it is characterized in that, the blue monowheat seed color is a medium blue and light blue, contains 1 chromosome from long fringe couchgrass in its somatic chromosome.
3, a kind of blue-grain wheat translocation line; with blue-grain wheat (blue 58) seed is material; it is characterized in that; the method that adopts the width of cloth to penetrate; to be positioned at the chromosome dyad that carries blue grain gene on the 4E chromosome interrupts; the chromosome that makes this section carry blue grain gene moves to be received on other chromosomes of wheat, forms new prison grain translocation line wheat, contains in chromosome of wheat from the chromosomal fragment of long fringe couchgrass.
4, blue-grain wheat translocation line as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described blue-grain wheat seed to be chosen as color dark blue, the seed of full seed.
5, blue-grain wheat translocation line as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described width of cloth shooting method is: Co60 gamma-rays and fast neutron ray, exposure dose: gamma-rays is 2.5-3 ten thousand Roentgens, and fast neutron is treated to 7 * 10
10
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1299568C (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2007-02-14 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Gibberellic disease resistant and breeding method for wheat |
| CN103798132A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-05-21 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Large-scale creation method of wheat allos translocation line |
| CN111972279A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-11-24 | 淄博爱民种业有限公司 | Breeding method for obtaining blue dwarf male sterile germplasm with different blue grain fertile plant exchange rates |
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2002
- 2002-02-01 CN CN 02103260 patent/CN1435086A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1299568C (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2007-02-14 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Gibberellic disease resistant and breeding method for wheat |
| CN103798132A (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2014-05-21 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Large-scale creation method of wheat allos translocation line |
| CN103798132B (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2016-02-24 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | A kind of method of scale initiative wheat alien translocation line |
| CN111972279A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-11-24 | 淄博爱民种业有限公司 | Breeding method for obtaining blue dwarf male sterile germplasm with different blue grain fertile plant exchange rates |
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