CN1432286A - 一种生物源杀虫混剂 - Google Patents

一种生物源杀虫混剂 Download PDF

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CN1432286A
CN1432286A CN 02102150 CN02102150A CN1432286A CN 1432286 A CN1432286 A CN 1432286A CN 02102150 CN02102150 CN 02102150 CN 02102150 A CN02102150 A CN 02102150A CN 1432286 A CN1432286 A CN 1432286A
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avermectin
tripterygium hypoglaucum
alkaloid
avermectins
mixed pesticide
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CN1223275C (zh
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吴文君
师宝君
姬志勤
胡兆农
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Inst Of Pesticides Xibei Univ Of Agricultural & Forestry Science & Technolo
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Inst Of Pesticides Xibei Univ Of Agricultural & Forestry Science & Technolo
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Abstract

本发明属于生物源杀虫混剂。这种混剂由微生物源杀虫剂阿维菌素(avermectins)和以二氢沉香呋喃生物碱和多元酯为有效成分的昆明山海棠(Triterygium hypoglaucum)根提取物所组成,并可按传统方法加工成乳油、浓乳剂或微乳剂。在这些制剂中,以二氢沉香呋喃生物碱和多元酯为有效成分的昆明山海棠根提取物所占质量百分比为5-20%,阿维菌素(avermectins,B1a)所占质量百分比为0.01-0.6%。和现有技术相比,本发明的这种混剂具有增效作用显著、防治效果好、使用成本低、有助于延缓抗性等优点。

Description

一种生物源杀虫混剂
本发明涉及由微生物源杀虫剂阿维菌素(avermectins)和以二氢沉香呋喃生物碱和多元酯为有效成分的植物源杀虫剂昆明山海棠组成的混剂。属于农药杀虫剂的技术领域。
阿维菌素是一种超高效杀虫杀螨剂,特别适合于各种害螨、小菜蛾、潜叶蝇、潜叶蛾等的防治,但价格昂贵、使用成本高,而且容易产生抗药性。
昆明山海棠(Triterygium hypoglaucum)是一种杀虫植物(黄瑞纶:杀虫药剂学.财政经济出版社,1956,P527;钟启谦:中国农业研究1(2):29,1950)。吴文君等以昆明山海棠根为原料,经有机溶剂提取后加工成含提取物25%的杀虫乳油,但这种乳油本身杀虫活性不及常见化学农药,用于蔬菜地防治菜青虫、小菜蛾等,仅能稀释400~600倍。此外,昆明山海棠乳油主要用于防治食叶鳞翅目害虫,而对害螨无效,其应用范围受到限制。
本发明的目的是提供一种以二氢沉香呋喃生物碱和多元酯与阿维菌素(avermectins)为有效成分的杀虫混剂,以便提高毒力,降低使用成本,虫螨兼治。
本发明的这种杀虫混剂,其有效成分在制剂中的质量百分比如下:
含二氢沉香呋喃生物碱和多元酯的昆明山海棠根提取物           5~20%
阿维菌素(以avermectins,Bla计)                         0.01~0.6%
本发明的这种混剂可按传统方法加工成乳油、浓乳剂或微乳剂。
昆明山海棠·阿维菌素乳油的组成(质量百分数):
含二氢沉香呋喃生物碱和多元酯的昆明山海棠根提取物       10~20%
阿维菌素(以avermectins,Bla计)                      0.01~0.6%
乳化剂                                                  8~10%
溶剂                                                   58~82%
昆明山海棠·阿维菌素浓乳剂的组成(质量百分数):
含二氢沉香呋喃生物碱和多元酯的昆明山海棠根提取物       10~15%
阿维菌素(以avermectins,Bla计)                      0.01~0.6%
乳化剂                                                  8~12%
抗冻剂                                                     10%
水                                                   62.4~72%
昆明山海棠·阿维菌素微乳剂的组成(质量百分数):
含二氢沉香呋喃生物碱和多元酯的昆明山海棠根提取物        5~10%
阿维菌素(以avermectins,Bla计)                      0.01~0.6%
乳化剂                                                 10~15%
抗冻剂                                                  8~10%
水                                                   64.4~77%
通过实施例,给出本发明的混剂的制造方法:
A.将昆明山海棠根粉碎,烘干,转移至提取罐,加入工业甲醇进行回流提取,得到昆明
  山海棠提取液;
B.将步骤A所得提取液转入带减压装置的浓缩罐中,减压浓缩至不再有溶剂流出,放出
  罐中液体,即为含杀虫活性成分——二氢沉香呋喃生物碱及多元酯的昆明山海棠提取
  物;
C.取10~20g提取物,5%阿维菌素油膏0.2~12g(含avermectms,Bla0.01~0.6g),
  加入三元乳化剂8~10g,继续搅拌至溶解,即得昆明由海棠·阿维菌素乳油。
  其中乳化剂组成(质量比):0203∶2201∶AES=4∶4∶1
D.取10~15g提取物,90%阿维菌素晶体.011~0.667g(含Bla0.01~0.6g),乳化剂8~
  12g,在80~85℃条件下搅拌,加入10g抗冻剂乙二醇和62.4~72g水,再经高剪切均
  质30min,即得昆明山海棠·阿维菌素浓乳剂。
  其中乳化剂组成(质量比):宁乳34∶DBS-Ca=2∶1
E.取5~10g提取物,90%阿维菌素晶体0.011~0.667g(含Bla为0.01~0.6g),乳化剂
  10~15g,在70~75℃条件下搅拌,加入8~10g抗冻剂乙二醇和64.4~77g水,再经
  高剪切均质30min,即得昆明山海棠·阿维菌素微乳剂。
  其中乳化剂组成(质量比为):浓乳600∶OP-10∶DBS-Ca=2∶4∶1
  与现有技术相比,本发明昆明山海棠·阿维菌素混剂具有下述两大突出优点:1.增效作用显著,其共毒系数达273.85。混剂(含二氢沉香呋喃生物碱和多元酯的昆明山海棠提取物10%,avermectins Bla 0.02%)稀释1000倍,对小菜蛾的防效都稳定在90%以上,而且可兼治害螨。2.降低使用成本。采用含二氢沉香呋喃生物碱和多元酯的昆明山海棠提取物10%,avermectinsBla 0.02%的混剂防治害虫,每亩药剂投入仅1.6元,明显低于单用昆明山海棠乳油或阿维菌素乳油。此外,由于阿维菌素用量极低,有助于延缓小菜蛾对阿维菌素的抗性发展。室内生测结果
以室内人1饲养的小菜蛾3龄幼虫为试虫,采用萝卜苗喷雾饲虫法测得昆明山海棠乳油的毒力方程为y=-5.0155+4.2176x,LC50=228.0mg/L;阿维菌素的毒力方程为:y=8.004+3.0606x,LC50=0.1043mg/L;昆明山海棠·阿维菌素混剂的毒力方程为y=-1.5815+5.5287x,LC50=15.50mg/L。根据孙云沛的其毒系数法,求得其毒系数CTC=273.85,远大于100。说明昆明山海棠·阿维菌素混剂具有显著的增效作用。大田药效试验
试验于2001年9月在陕西省杨陵区进行,防治甘蓝上小菜蛾。试药后7d的防治结果表明,25%昆明山海棠乳油稀释300倍,对小菜蛾的防效为78.8%,稀释600倍,防效仅为42.7%;0.9%阿维菌素乳油稀释2000倍,防效为89.9%,3000倍为69.4%;昆明山海棠·阿维菌素混剂乳油(10/0.02)稀释1000倍为93.6%,2000倍为74.2%。
药剂成本分析
药剂     1kg售价(元) 稀释倍数   4kg防治面积(亩)  每亩药剂费用(元)
25%昆明山海棠乳油     24.0     300         6     5.0
0.9%阿维菌素乳油     84.00     2000         40     2.10
昆明山海棠·阿维菌素乳油     32.00     1000         20     1.60

Claims (2)

1.一种生物源杀虫混剂,其特征在于组成该混剂的单剂是阿维菌素(avermectins)和以二氢沉香呋喃生物碱和多元酯为有效成分的昆明山海棠(Triterygium hypoglaucum)根提取物。
2.如权力要求1所述的生物源杀虫混剂,其特征在于两种单剂在混剂中所占的质量百分比是:
含二氢沉香呋喃生物碱和多元酯的昆明山海棠根提取物        5~25%
阿维菌素(以avermectins Bla含量计)                 0.01~0.6%
CN 02102150 2002-01-05 2002-01-05 一种生物源杀虫混剂 Expired - Fee Related CN1223275C (zh)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104663329A (zh) * 2015-03-30 2015-06-03 苏州高新区华峰苗木园 用于垂丝海棠的治虫方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104663329A (zh) * 2015-03-30 2015-06-03 苏州高新区华峰苗木园 用于垂丝海棠的治虫方法

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