CN1430004A - New type opeed changing transmission - Google Patents
New type opeed changing transmission Download PDFInfo
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- CN1430004A CN1430004A CN 01131658 CN01131658A CN1430004A CN 1430004 A CN1430004 A CN 1430004A CN 01131658 CN01131658 CN 01131658 CN 01131658 A CN01131658 A CN 01131658A CN 1430004 A CN1430004 A CN 1430004A
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Abstract
A speed transforming transmission features that different speed transforming units based on one speed-variable transmission method can be used for different machines or vehicles. One of them can implement dual-parameter control to stepless centrifugal speed reducer for high load power and high speed ratio. Another one can be used for high-power multi-shift vehicle.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to variable speed drive.
Background technique
Continuously variable transmittion is widely used in automobile, motorcycle, the machinery, is used for carrying out power transmission between motor (motor) and wheel (load), has become one of principal assembly of modern vehicle.By changing its velocity ratio, can make vehicle under different service conditions, obtain different tractive force and speed, guarantee that simultaneously motor works in best operating mode scope.And infinitely variable speed transmission has also more and more obtained the very big attention of industrial quarters, and extensively adopts in industrial machinery.
At present, fuel-efficient, as to reduce exhaust pollution, handiness, ride comfort mechanical stepless transmission (Continuously Varioable Transmission is called for short CVT) is the target that people pursue always.VDT (Von Doome ' s Transmissoin) the stepless transmission automobile of type has then adopted the steel loop of being worn by many stalloys, makes the groove of itself and two cone pulleys, on different radii " interlock " change the cotton tie of speed ratio; And utilize hydraulic control device to change the width of V-type groove, realize the continuous variation of wheeled steel effective diameter.As required, driving wheel wheeled steel and driven wheeled steel effective diameter are suitably changed, Steel Belt Transmission has just realized stepless change like this.Except that belt and the stepless transmission of cotton tie, other has the stepless speed changes devices of sprocket driving, and chain is the another kind of form of band, and it is made up of interior plate, pressing plate plate and unsteady pin three parts that are connected them, and its transmission principle is all identical with the belt transmission principle.The influence that above various V Belt-type Adjustable-speed devices are subjected to the V band to bear power often can only be used on medium and small vehicle, and in order to improve the transmission capacity of band, VDT type V is with, and bandwidth increases to 30mm by 24mm.But be subjected to the influence of velocity ratio and belt wheel size, bandwidth can't continue to increase, during the power of its transmission still can't satisfy, needs (power train of ginseng " the automotive engineering hand then designs a piece of writing ", 414 pages of large vehicle.People's Transportation Press, as follows).Another kind of vehicle then is to adopt centrifugal stepless control device, and when driving wheel rotated, the centrifugal force that steel hammer produces outwards opened swinging mounting, and steel hammer rolls along steel bowl inwall simultaneously.At this moment, the axial thrust load of centrifugal force, then the movable cone pulley that promotes driving wheel by swinging mounting is to fixedly cone pulley is close, and the wide V band of extruding profile of tooth outwards moves along two conical surfaces, makes the radius of clean-up increase of V band.Simultaneously, because main, driven wheel centre distance and V strip length are constant, so the time V band peripheral force transmitted act on the driven wheel conical surface, force the activity awl of driven wheel to leave its fixedly cone pulley vertically, the V band radius of clean-up of driven wheel is reduced, thereby reach the purpose of speed change.This kind control gear also is provided with movable spiral pawl and fixing spiral pawl, when automobile generation moment is transshipped, movable spiral pawl and fixedly the spiral pawl force speed change gear to change by mutual extrusion from the trend lower-speed state.(referring to " Machine Design atlas " chapter 6,176 pages, science industry publishing house, Cheng Daxian compiles).
Centrifugal infinite variable speed motorcycle then is when engine speed rises, and centrifugal roller is because of action of centrifugal force, and presses to driving disc vertically along the slip driving disc.So belt moves outside belt grooves, it is big that the drive pulley diameter becomes.Because the belt total length is constant, therefore at this moment the driven pulley spring is compressed, and is widened at interval between driven disc and the slip driven disc, and the belt on the follower moves to the center of circle, and diameter diminishes, until with the equalization of strain of spring till, thereby realized acceleration.Otherwise, when engine speed descends,, therefore no longer belt is squeezed into because roller centrifugal force weakens; On the other hand, under the effect of the elastic force of follower spring, the belt on the follower moves towards the direction of leaving the center of circle, and enlarged diameter realizes slowing down.(ginseng " import autoscooter fault quick service diagram " 160 pages, Guangdong science and technology publishing house, Sun Chonggong chief editor).
The stepless change principle of sprocket driving and belt, cotton tie transmission principle are similar, do not repeat them here.
The centrifugal infinitely variable speed transmission of above engine speed control is simple in structure, but only with one-parameter (engine speed) as Control Parameter, and the speed of a motor vehicle is failed as Control Parameter, so there are many drawbacks, is example with the motorcycle:
1, because of only being subjected to rotating speed, gear ratio controls, the engine crankshaft rotating speed does not reach more than the 6500r/min, it is minimum that gear ratio always can't reach, on the urban road, travel, the normal speed of a motor vehicle is everlasting within 20～40km/n, engine speed is then between 3000～4000r/min, gear ratio can only change between 2.3～1.8, and the step change motorcycle all can travel on third gear or fourth gear (i.e. 1.4 or 0.8 gear ratio), this just in, lower-speed state travel in stepless speed-change motorcycle than the reason of step change motorcycle excessive fuel consumption.
2, when meeting gug, as keeping engine speed constant, then the speed of a motor vehicle might be too high; As reduce rotating speed, centrifugal force reduces, gear ratio increases immediately thereupon, the speed of a motor vehicle then sharply descends, and produces the engine braking phenomenon, thus this kind Design vehicle at gug oil return door too much, the bad control of the speed of a motor vehicle, oil consumption also can't reduce.
3, centrifugal stepless speed variator because of when starting gear ratio have only 2.6, vehicle can not too be got excited during with starting that there is harmony as well as contradiction between for it, is used for reducing impulsion so can only rely on centrifugal clutch to skid in starting.This skid only must continue for some time after engine speed rises to certain value, stop just now, not only increased the abrasion of start clutch, and increased the oil consumption of vehicle.
V Belt-type Adjustable-speed motorcycle is because of having designed torque cam path mechanism, and when load strengthened, speed changer can become lower-speed state (gear ratio is big) by speed change (gear ratio is little) automatically.But speed changer when fast state changes, relies on the centrifugal force of rotor by lower-speed state fully.When design, because of guaranteeing that under idling mode centrifugal force can not cause clutch to rise to and fly the open rotating speed of piece greatly to allowing speed changer be changed to fast state by low speed, so the quality of centrifugal rotor can not be too big.And this rotor quality that is subjected to design limit causes engine speed must reach 6500r/min when above, and the centrifugal force of rotor can force speed changer to enter minimum gear ratio.And any time as long as centrifugal force one reduces, then speed changer changes to lower-speed state at once.
The transmission principle of another kind of single chamber or two-chamber loop pulling stepless speed variator is also identical with belt transmission, but has replaced VDT pushing block metal tape with the loop pulling stepless speed variator, is called traction-driven Toroidal CVT, is called for short the traction ring type.It is the friction transferring power with rigid rotation body (roller) contact, by the contact radius of the continuous change of the inclination of roller itself and driven wheel, and has changed velocity ratio continuously.It has the good dynamic response performance, and can carry out the transition to counter-rotating from just changeing, so it need not the switching mechanism of forward clutch and clockwise and anticlockwise campaign.But it is big that its contact rigid body presses power indirectly, needs the very high specific lubricating oil of viscosity, utilizes oil film to form high traction coeficient between the metal surface and come transferring power.This transmission device needs specific lubricating oil, becomes to hinder the great reason that it continues development.
CVT relies on friction to come transferring power, so need the limitation function that prevents that torque is excessive, to eliminate impact, so CVT often needs to make up with fluid torque converter from wheel, best starting performance is provided, and relies on its bending moment effect to enlarge the resultant gear ratio scope.
In order further to raise the efficiency or enlarge the scope of speed ratio i, adopt the CVT of power dividing in addition, it not only can achieve the above object, and can also save the starting arrangement of CVT.But when only being starting, it has an effect, enter and advance after 2 grades, the still pure CVT transmission of shunting for inactivity, its load power and slewing range still are subjected to conventional CVT restriction (referring to the power transmission of " the automotive engineering hand is a basis piece of writing then " and the power train of " the automotive engineering hand then designs a piece of writing ", 425 pages).
And the step change of vehicle often is subjected to adjacent gear gear ratio and changes unsuitable excessive, it is too much unsuitable that the speed changer volume defines the speed change gear again, so step change transmission has only 4～5 gears usually, gear ratio is classification between 3～0.8, and step change transmission then obtains 6～0.8 gear ratio by combining with torque-converters automatically.
At present, many employings is planetary stageless speed variator in the industrial machinery, and its relies on friction (traction) the power transferring power between rolling element, and its kinology and dynamics concern but replace the number of teeth with effective radius of clean-up with the analytical method of bevel gear planetary gear train.Usually, planetary stageless speed variator is permanent torque characteristics when hanging down output speed, is constant output characteristic when high output speed, according to different being divided into of (1) the cone pulley input of its input and output link, the planetary stageless speed variator (BUS type) of interior cone pulley output; (2) cone pulley input, pivoted arm output planetary stepless speed variator (SC type); (3) closed planetary awl, pivoted arm output type stepless speed variator (OM type); (4) planet arc awl stepless speed variator (RX type) (referring to " Machine Design atlas " chapter 6,239 pages, science industry publishing house, Cheng Daxian compiles).
According to the stressing conditions schematic representation of planetary gear train principle figure and each member, we are easy to obtain the characteristic equation of the general motion rule of simple planetary arrangement: n
1+ an
2-(1+a) n
3=0
(Gong Ruigeng compiles for 55 pages of ginsengs " automatic gearbox structure and repairing ", People's Transportation Press)
By n
1+ an
2-(1+a) n
3=0 formula as can be seen, (making the input driving link) links to each other the arbitrary member among this three with driving shaft, second member link to each other with driven axle (do output driven member), add the 3rd condition---the 3rd member is forced to fix and (claims braking, promptly this member rotating speed is zero) or make its motion be subjected to certain constraint (promptly the rotating speed of this member is certain certain value), then whole system realizes different gear velocity variations just with the certain gear ratio transferring power.
The above several planetary stageless speed variator all is that a certain member in three members is made taper, make it contact with interior ring or the outer shroud that on parts, can only do axial motion, make its motion be subjected to certain constraint (being that rotating speed is certain certain value and adjustable), realize the variation of different gear speed.We also can be expressed as it differential drive of an input two outputs.Power is imported by input end, and one the tunnel exports load to, and another road outputs on the body.And this planetary stageless speed variator is according to the pattern difference, and various parameters, performance also differ widely.BUS type slewing range big (38.5), but transmitted power little (2.2kw); SC type power big (15kw), but slewing range little (4), transmission efficiency low (minimum reach 59%), and various planetary stageless speed variator all belongs to rigid body and rotate friction, how much sliding ratios are big, make, assembling is complicated, and volume often is round barrel shape, should not install.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a series of light, install and assembling is simple, bear that power is big, slewing range is big, transmission efficiency is higher, using method is many, application is convenient, the variable speed drive of technology maturation, can be widely used in multiple machinery, and can be applied in multiple stepless (or level is arranged automatically, manually level arranged) on the transmission vehicle.Particularly on the vehicle of one-parameter control for it provides the approach of two-parameter control, and can solve the deficiency of common double parameter control mode process of power shift.
New type opeed changing transmission adopts epicyclic train as the speed change basis, stepless (level is arranged) variable speed drive with other various routines or fixed conveyor device combine, utilize the rotating speed of the 3rd member in rotating speed (speed of a motor vehicle) the feedback control epicyclic train, be about to that the speed change gear output terminal links to each other with planetary system the 3rd member and the input end of speed change gear is linked to each other with planetary system the 3rd member, then the 3rd member obtains certain rotating speed, thereby reaches the purpose of speed change.
Example 1: with central gear is first member (input), and planet carrier is second member (output), and gear ring is that the single planetary gear train of the 3rd member (output) is an example, and its principle is seen Fig. 1.Power is by first member (central gear), 2 inputs, and second member (planet carrier), 3 outputs are delivered to wheel (load) through transmission device 5 and reduction gear.And the rotating speed of wheel (machinery) passes through the 3rd member (gear ring) 1 that feedback means 4 arrives planetary systems, and then the rotating speed of the 3rd member 1 is by load or speed of a motor vehicle control.
Stepless or the fixing or step change transmission device that the differential mechanisms that this new type opeed changing transmission also can be regarded as the input that is made of planetary gear train, two outputs and two covers are conventional or wherein a cover be the transmission combination of fixed drive ratio and with level being arranged with stepless or a grade transmission device phase composition of taking charge of fixed drive ratio arranged.Acting in conjunction is on wheel (load), cover in two covers (a perhaps only cover) infinitely variable speed transmission, when its velocity ratio continuously changes, will cause that bigger change continuously takes place the gear ratio of whole transmission device, also can be described as main transmission.And another set of infinitely variable speed transmission (the perhaps transmission device of fixed drive ratio), as auxiliary drive, it has not only shared the transmission of a part of power, and is taking the feedback of wheel (load) rotating speed, in order to control the rotating speed of the 3rd member in the planetary system.
Example 2: with central gear is first member (input), and planet carrier is second member (input), and gear ring is that the single planetary gear train of the 3rd member (output) is an example, and its principle is seen Fig. 2.Power carries out power dividing by input end and becomes two-way, one the tunnel is imported by first member through cover speed change (or fixing or have a level) transmission device, another road is imported by the 3rd member through another set of speed change (or fixing or have level) transmission device, export by second member jointly, when two cover transmission devices or a cover transmission device gear ratio wherein change, will change the gear ratio of whole variable speed drive equally.This new type opeed changing transmission also can be regarded as two inputs that are made of planetary system, the quick-mounting that closes of an output is put, and forms with stepless (or the utmost point or fixing is arranged) transmission device that two covers are conventional.
Fig. 3 is for central gear input, planet carrier output connect a cover transmission device, gear ring is exported the new type opeed changing transmission gear ratio schematic diagram that connects another set of transmission device.If the gear ratio of new type opeed changing transmission is i
AlwaysThe gear ratio of main transmission is i
1, the gear ratio of feedback auxiliary drive is i
2The central gear rotating speed is n
1, the gear ring rotating speed is n
2The planet carrier rotating speed is n
3, the output shaft rotating speed of new type opeed changing transmission is n
4
Cause: i
1=n
3/ n
4, i
2=n
2/ n
4,
Then: n
2=i
2n
4, n
3=i
1n
4,
Substitution: n
1+ an
2-(1+a) n
3=0
Then: n
1+ ai
2n
4-(1+a) i
1n
4=0, n
1=[(1+a) i
1-i
2A] n
4
So: i
Always=n
1/ n
4=(1+a) i
1-i
2A (1) formula
Wherein a is a constant, and its value is subject to the size and the application of planetary system.Work as i as can be known by (1) formula
1And i
2When continuously changing, i
AlwaysCan obtain different value continuously; Perhaps allow i
1And i
2Among a certain speed change ratio immobilize, when changing another speed change ratio, i
AlwaysChange thereupon.
Fig. 4 connects a cover transmission device for planet carrier input, central gear output, and gear ring output meets the schematic diagram of another set of transmission device, its i
AlwaysThan formula be:
i
Always=(i
1+ ai
2)/(1+a) (2) formula
Fig. 5 connects a cover transmission device for gear ring input, central gear output, and planet carrier output meets the schematic diagram that another set of transmission is provided with, its i
AlwaysThan formula be:
i
Always=[(1+a) i
1-i
2]/a (3) formula
Different with the mode that feedback means is adopted according to transmission device (is i
1And i
2Whether variable) be divided into again and fix feedback---speed change transmission type; Fixed conveyor---variable feedback formula; Three kinds of variable feedback formula---speed change transmission types.More than (1), (2), (3) formula be variable feedback---the speed change transmission type.
If a=1.5, i
1=0.8～2.6, i
2=1～2
In (1) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is-1～5
In (2) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is 0.92～2.24
In (3) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is 0.1～3.7
If a=1.5, i
1=1～2, i
2=0.8～2.6
In (1) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is-1.4～3.8
In (2) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is 0.88～3.36
In (3) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is-0.1～2.8
If main transmission is fixed drive ratio is the transmission device of b, i.e. i
1=b then has following three formulas:
i
Always=(1+a) b-ai
2(4) formula
i
Always=(b+ai
2)/(1+a) (5) formula
i
Always=[(1+a) b-i
2]/a (6) formula
More than (4), (5), (6) formula be fixed conveyor---the variable feedback formula.
If a=1.5, i
2=0.8～2.6, b=1,
In (4) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is-1.4～1.3
In (5) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is 0.88～1.96
In (6) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is-0.1～1.1
If helper drive is a fixed drive ratio is the transmission device of b, i.e. i
2=b then has following three formulas:
i
Always=(1+a) i-ab (7) formula
i
Always=(i
1+ ab)/(1+a) (8) formula
i
Always=[(1+a) i
1-b]/a (9) formula
More than (7), (8), (9) formula be fixing feedback---variable transmission formula.
If a=1.5, i
1=0.8～2.6, b=1
In (7) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is 0.5～5
In (8) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is 0.92～1.64
In (9) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is 0.7～3.7
Fig. 2 is that a cover transmission device connects the first member central gear for importing, and another set of transmission device connects the 3rd member planet carrier and is input, and gear ring is the new type opeed changing transmission schematic diagram of second member output, its i
AlwaysThan formula be:
i
Always=-a/[i
2-(1+a) i
1] (10) formula
Fig. 6 is that a cover transmission device connects the first member central gear for importing, and another set of transmission device connects the input of the 3rd member gear ring, and planet carrier is the new type opeed changing transmission schematic diagram of second member output, its i
AlwaysThan formula be:
i
Always=(1+a)/(i
2+ ai
1) (11) formula
Fig. 7 is that a cover transmission device connects the input of the first member planet carrier, and another set of transmission device connects the input of the 3rd member gear ring, and central gear is the new type opeed changing transmission schematic diagram of second member output, its i
AlwaysThan formula be:
i
Always=-1/[ai
1+ (1+a) i
2] (12) formula
More than (10), (11), (12) formula be main transmission, the equal changable type of helper drive.
If a=1.5, i
1=0.8～2.6, i
2=1～2
In (10) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is-15～0.27
In (11) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is 0.42～1.14
In (12) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is-0.3～0.1
If a=1.5, i
1=1～2, i
2=0.8～2.6
In (10) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is-15～15
In (11) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is 0.3～1.1
In (12) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is-0.3～0.1
If main transmission is fixed drive ratio is the transmission device of b, i.e. i
1=h then has following three formulas:
i
Always=-a/[i
2-(1+a) b] (13) formula
i
Always=(1+a)/(i
2-ab) (14) formula
i
Always=-1/[ab+ (1+a) i
2] (15) formula
More than (13), (14), (15) formula be the helper drive changable type.
If a=1.5, i
2=0.8～2.6, b=1
In (13) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is-15～0.86
In (14) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is-3.6～2.27
In (15) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is-0.125～0.27
If helper drive is a fixed drive ratio is the transmission device of b, i.e. i
2=b then has following three formulas:
i
Always=-a/[b-(1+a) i
1] (16) formula
i
Always=(1+a)/(b-ai
1) (17) formula
i
Always=-1/[ai
1+ (1+a) b] (18) formula
More than (16), (17), (18) formula be the main transmission changable type.
If a=1.5, i
1=0.8～2.6, b=1
In (16) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is 0.27～1.5
In (17) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is-12.5～0.86
In (18) formula, i
AlwaysThe value scope is-0.16～-0.27
More than i in each formula
1, i
2All can be negative value with b, promptly represent i
1, i
2All can be reversing drive with the transmission device of b.
More than fixed conveyor device in the various speed change gears can select the transmission device of conventional several fixedly speed changes according to practical application, as chain-driven, tooth transmission, worm drive etc.Variable speed drive is then according to circumstances selected conventional continuously variable transmittion for use, as: stepless chain, stepless belt, stepless steel band, single, double chamber loop pulling stepless speed variator and planet continuously variable transmittion etc.Wherein with stepless chain and stepless belt (steel band) simple possible comparatively.And can select conventional step change transmission device.Its main transmission also can adopt other on-mechanical formula continuously variable transmittion, as fluid type transmission device etc.
This series new type opeed changing transmission kind is more, only connect a cover transmission device below with central gear input, planet carrier output, the new type opeed changing transmission that gear ring output connects another set of transmission device is that example illustrates its characteristics, and this novel continuously variable transmittion possesses following characteristics:
1, the feedback auxiliary drive connects three member of wheel (load) with planetary system, and the change of wheel (load) rotating speed will be reflected on the 3rd member of planetary system.For being that the speed changer on speed change basis provides with the engine speed in present design can be the approach of contrast signal with the speed of a motor vehicle also.
2, according to the size of planetary system and the application of speed changer, reasonably select a value and i
1And i
2Variable range, and, obtain multiple different i by changing the different respectively conduct member (input) of central gear, planet carrier, gear ring
AlwaysValue formula and multi-level, multiextent i
AlwaysValue is in order to satisfy the needs of various machinery.
For example: in (1) formula, establish a=1.5, i
1Variable range be 2.6～0.8, work as i
2=0.6 o'clock, i
AlwaysScope be 5.7～1.1; Work as i
2=1 o'clock, i
AlwaysScope be 5～0.5; i
2=1.6 o'clock, i
AlwaysScope be 4.1～-0.4, and be first structures with gear ring, can obtain (3) formula again.
3, utilize this speed change gear, can make the little speed changer of slewing range enlarge slewing range.In (1) formula, establish a=1.5, i
2=1, work as i
1Variable range be 0.8～2.6 o'clock, i
AlwaysScope be 0.5～5.In various medium and small CVT vehicles, when main transmission V band bears power when enough, can no longer rely on fluid torque converter to enlarge torque conversion range and the startup of finishing vehicle, need only adopt simple fixing feedback means to replace complicated fluid torque converter, in order to reduce cost.
4, in like manner, work as i
AlwaysThe scope of value need only be 2.6～0.6 o'clock, i
1Adjustable extent need only be 1.64～0.84, under the situation of V band size, constancy of volume, the size that can reduce driving and driven wheel disc is to reduce volume, convenient design; Under the big or small constant situation of driving and driven wheel disc, can increase the size and the width of V band, to increase the load power and the capacity of V band, this provides space and leeway for making more powerful stepless Steel Belt.Simultaneously, also shared a part of load power because of the feedback auxiliary drive, reduced the load power of main transformer speed continuously variable transmittion, carried out power dividing, this stepless speed changes devices that will change steel-belt type can only use the situation on medium and small automobile.
5, this novel continuously variable transmittion has two speed change ratio i
1And i
2, and i
1And i
2Can select respectively to adopt fixing than or variable ratio, for design and manufacturing provide all more options, and for adopting more complicated, more accurate Control Parameter that convenience is provided.
6, adopt the step change device when main transmission, feedback auxiliary drive is a fixed drive ratio, and utilizes the access of Clutch Control feedback auxiliary drive and withdraw from, when the access of feedback auxiliary drive, and i
AlwaysThan formula be: i
Always=(1+a) i
1-ai
2, when the feedback auxiliary drive does not insert (withdrawing from), i
AlwaysThan formula be: i
Always=(1+a) i
1, establish a=1.5, i
2=1, the step change device is divided into 2.4,2.2,1.4,1.1,0.92 five gear, then can obtain: 6,5.5,4.5,4,3.5,2.75,2.3,2,1.25,0.8 ten gears, and expanded slewing range.See Table 1.
Table 1
7, when main transmission for have the level (be made as n
1Level) transmission device, auxiliary drive are also for there being level (to be made as n
2Level) transmission device by combination, can obtain n
1N
2A=1.5 is established in the transmission of level speed change, and main transmission has 4 grades, and auxiliary drive has 3 grades, then i
Always12 values are arranged, see Table 2.
Table 2
Embodiment
One, fixedly feedback helper drive---the stepless main transmission speed-varying vehicle of central gear input.
At present various centrifugal stepless V band speed change motorcycles all adopt engine speed control velocity ratio, and centrifugal its working principle of stepless change automobile that the front is introduced is also identical with it, all belongs to the one-parameter control mode.According to its shortcoming, redesign a kind of stepless speed-varying vehicle, adopted fixedly feedback helper drive---stepless main transmission speed changer.
The principle of the centrifugal stepless V band speed changer of fixing feedback is seen Fig. 8.
The rotating speed of motor 2 bent axles and power are by central gear 3 inputs of planetary system, and planet carrier 4 links to each other with centrifugal rotor 8 and driving wheel 7, and gear ring 1 links to each other with follower shaft 10 by feedback gear group 5, and follower shaft 10 links to each other outputting power with back driving mechanism 6.When centrifugal hoof piece friction plate 11 does not engage with friction disk 12, follower 10 and gear ring 1 transfixion, when centrifugal hoof piece friction plate 11 begins to engage with friction disk 12, follower 10 drives gear ring 1 and rotates, the speed feedback of wheel is to gear ring, because of the rotating speed of planet carrier output will be lower than engine crankshaft, centrifugal weight of having changeed will be according to the rotating speed of planet carrier from new design, and its weight will be 4～6 times of original rotor.Vehicle is as having hydraulic pressure installation, and centrifugal control mode also can change hydraulic control mode into, and speed changer will change gear ratio (9 are the V band among the figure) according to the rotating speed of planet carrier.
This speed changer adopt variator ratio range be 0.8～2.6 V band main transmission and fixedly gear ratio be 1 feedback auxiliary drive, then the slewing range of this speed-varying vehicle can reach 0.5～5, during the design clutch, engine speed when it engages fully can design very lowly, and the process of skidding will be dwindled.During design speed change centrifugal rotor, need only determine when engine speed rises to certain value, the minimum gear ratio in speed changer place, and the engine power under this rotating speed is enough to keep current vehicle speed when constant, and the planet carrier rotating speed just can force centrifugal speed changer or indicator solution pressure control device to enter minimum gear ratio and get final product.
Adopting the vehicle of this kind speed changer to have following characteristics, is example with the motorcycle:
1, this stepless speed changes devices adopts by engine speed and the two-parameter control of the speed of a motor vehicle, and is more reasonable than engine speed one-parameter control mode, and can solve closure, the two-parameter control mode process of power shift of speed of a motor vehicle deficiency again.
2, the fixedly adding of feedback means increases the variator ratio range of stepless V band, need only 0.8～2.6 just can obtain 0.5～5 i
AlwaysValue under need not the situation of 0.5～5 variator ratio range, can suitably reduce the size of driving and driven wheel disc, to reduce the convenient design of volume.Under the big or small constant situation of driving and driven wheel disc, can increase the size of V band, to increase V bringing onto load power.
3, when the V of vehicle band keeps life size constant, change in will be between 5～0.5 bigger scope of whole velocity ratio, can make vehicle driving steadily and fuel economy all reach the best, and needn't adopt bistable state CVT.Solve centrifugal stepless speed variator simultaneously and when starting, need open the necessary long-time problem of slip of centrifugal clutch between big closure and starting.
4, the motorcycle that fixing feedback means is housed is in the moment of motor-car, and the rotating speed of wheel passes to the planet wheel external toothing by feedback means, and external toothing also rotates thereupon.Under the constant situation of engine speed, the rotating speed of planet carrier will increase along with the raising of the speed of a motor vehicle, accelerate speed changer again and changed to fast state by low speed, and the speed of a motor vehicle increases simultaneously.The increase of the speed of a motor vehicle has strengthened the rotating speed of external toothing conversely again, this feedback is up to reaching minimum gear ratio or under certain gear ratio, the speed of a motor vehicle no longer increases, it is constant that the planet carrier rotating speed then is tending towards, the component of the centrifugal force of its generation and V band reaches balance, when vehicle driving is on level line and gug, be easy under lower engine speed, reach very soon minimum gear ratio.When becoming big as load, the speed of a motor vehicle descends, and under the constant situation of engine speed, the planet carrier rotating speed also can descend, and then centrifugal force reduces, and gear ratio increases, and when sharply becoming big as load, speed changer still can change to lower-speed state by the cam path mechanism action.As long as engine moment is more than or equal to car resistance, under the situation that torque cam path mechanism does not move, engine speed is between 3000～4000r/min, and speed changer just can reach minimum gear ratio.
5, when meeting the oil return door, though the engine crankshaft rotating speed reduces, higher as the speed of a motor vehicle, the rotating speed of centrifugal rotor still can keep bigger centrifugal force, and speed changer still can keep less gear ratio constant.Having only the speed of closing when the speed of a motor vehicle and engine speed is planet carrier rotating speed when being reduced to a certain limit value, and speed changer just changes to lower-speed state gradually.
6, when the further reduction of engine speed only keeps idling, along with the reduction gradually of the speed of a motor vehicle, it is maximum that gear ratio reaches.As travelling on level line or little up gradient, the planet carrier rotating speed during the closing speed clutch contacts fully still can reach starting time of the idling of motor and the speed of a motor vehicle is enough to keep the joint of centrifugal clutch.Approximately less than engine power or when balancing each other, vehicle then cruises with the minimum speed of 10～20km/h as car resistance.Further reduce if adopt with the braking or the speed of a motor vehicle, centrifugal clutch just separates, up to parking.
Two, variable feedback helper drive---stepless main transmission speed-varying vehicle
Present stepless speed-varying vehicle has the pure CVT transmission of employing, but its transmitted power is little, and slewing range is wideless, often need be combined into two state CVT with fluid torque converter; Also have and adopt the power dividing CVT that combines with planetary gear system, its shortcoming as previously described; Except that traction-driven, other CVT also must forward clutch and clockwise and anticlockwise campaign switching mechanism.And the Changing Pattern of speed ratio is similar with the process of power shift of AT, AMT, mostly is two parameters of throttle opening a and vehicle velocity V at present and controls.
When vehicle under certain throttle opening and the speed of a motor vehicle, step on foot treadle suddenly to WOT, forcing to lower category makes speed ratio by i
1Fade to i
2, engine speed is also from n
E1Suddenly rise to n
E2Here to be subjected to formula: d
i/ d
t=k (i) n
pΔ p
pRestriction, if d
i/ d
tToo big, automobile can slow down on the contrary, especially to engine torque T
eLittle vehicle, more the care should be used to control pedal makes throttle opening a not excessive, d
i/ d
tChange too fast, in order to avoid run counter to desire.Lift pedal and slow down, also will slow down, when particularly being braking thereupon, necessary first downshift, also tight to the same requirement of speed ratio pace of change.And this open the engine, gear ratio just increases, and engine speed rises again, after treating that the speed of a motor vehicle rises, the control mode that gear ratio reduces again, fuel economy are not high, speed-raising, speed change are felt bad (referring to the power train of " the automotive engineering hand then designs a piece of writing ", 422 pages).
The purpose of this invention be to utilize the central gear input the variable feedback helper drive---stepless main transmission transmission design goes out a kind of high-power, big slewing range, need not forward clutch and clockwise and anticlockwise movement conversion mechanism, can obtain stepless reverse gear again, multi parameters control meets the vehicle driving feature, thoroughly solves the stepless CVT of two-parameter control drawback.
Its transmission principle is identical with preceding mode of execution one, and different is: 1, fixing feedback auxiliary drive is substituted by the variable feedback auxiliary drive.2, the speed change gear of vehicle is driven by computer-controlled hydraulic pressure.3, Control Parameter not only relies on the speed of a motor vehicle and throttle opening, can also be with the planet carrier rotating speed as Control Parameter.
Control principle is seen Fig. 9.
1 and 2 are ECV control centre, 1 is controlling auxiliary drive 6,2 are controlling main transmission 5 and clutch mechanism 4, ECV1 and 2 position signals of accepting from handle 3, simultaneously, ECV2 also accepts from engine load sensor 7, the signal of vehicle speed sensor 8 and planet carrier speed probe 9.The size of the planet carrier reflection engine speed and the speed of a motor vehicle, when motor and the speed of a motor vehicle were worth for certain, the planet carrier rotating speed was then constant; When throttle opening is constant, and the speed of a motor vehicle rises, and then engine speed and planet carrier rotating speed all rise; When throttle opening is constant, and the speed of a motor vehicle descends, and then engine speed and planet carrier rotating speed all descend; Under a certain throttle opening and the speed of a motor vehicle, step on WOT suddenly, the engine speed speed of a motor vehicle and planet carrier rotating speed all rise.So long as the planet carrier rotating speed rises, ECV promptly keeps the constant or control gear ratio of gear ratio to change to fast state; So long as the planet carrier rotating speed descends, ECV also keeps the constant or control gear ratio of gear ratio to change to lower-speed state.Remain unchanged or change, then change and how much decide by the height of the size of closure and the speed of a motor vehicle.Can solve the deficiency of common double parameter control law as the speed change parameter with planet carrier rotating speed and throttle opening and the speed of a motor vehicle.
This speed changer is provided with stepless Joystick, and handle is divided into the stepless district of neutral gear forward gears, the stepless district of reverse gear, and when handle moved into the reverse gear district, ECV was controlling main transmission gear ratio i
1Be minimum (being assumed to be 0.8), then i
AlwaysFormula is: i
Always=2.5i
1-1.5i
2=2-1.5i
2, work as i
2Within the specific limits, when the stepless zone position of reverse gear changes, can obtain stepless reverse gear according to handle.When handle is mobile in the stepless district that advances, i
AlwaysThe scope of value will change thereupon.In (1) formula, establish a=1.5, i
1Span be 0.8～2, work as i
2Be 1 o'clock, i
AlwaysScope be 0.5～3.5; Work as i
2Be 0.6 o'clock, i
AlwaysScope be 1.1～4.1.Work as i
2When in 0.6～1 scope, changing along with the position of handle, i
AlwaysCan obtain 0.5～4.1 excursion.This shows, when driver's moving handle, can artificially interfere the excursion of gear ratio and change speed change ratio.
When stepless V band is adopted in main transmission, because of the slewing range of V band need 0.8～2.6, need only 0.8～2, under the constant situation of driven wheel size, can also further increase the bandwidth of V band, to increase the load power of V band.Simultaneously, because of the feedback auxiliary drive has also carried a part of power, the load power of all whole variable speed drives also can increase.And because of this variable speed drive slewing range is big, all needn't combine with other torque-converters, shunting device.
This stepless speed-varying vehicle has following characteristics:
1, load power is big, and the stepless transmission of CVT also can be used on big or middle power vehicle.
2, slewing range is wide, can not need torque-converters and other part flow arrangement.
3, need not forward clutch and clockwise and anticlockwise movement conversion mechanism, and have stepless reverse gear.
4, mobile Joystick can artificially be interfered the slewing range of speed changer and be changed speed change ratio.
5, can utilize the planet carrier rotating speed as the assist control parameter, make continuously variable transmittion meet the travelling characteristic of vehicle more, solve the drawback of solar term aperture a and the two-parameter control mode of vehicle velocity V.
But three, feedback helper drive selecting type speed-varying vehicle
Present various major works cars, transport vehicle, because of its power is big, and work road environment complexity, adopt the speed changer more than ten grades, this many gears speed changer structure complexity, bulky, wayward and operation more.
But adopt feedback helper drive selective transmission principle such as Figure 10 and table 1, table 2.
Among Figure 10, clutch 1 links to each other with gear ring 3 with 2 fixedly wearing piece, and 1 movable wearing piece links to each other with body, 2 movable wearing piece links to each other with auxiliary drive 1, power is by central gear 4 inputs, and planet carrier 5 exports main transmission 6 to, jointly by the output terminal output power.
When clutch 1 combination, when clutch 2 separated, the 3rd member gear ring 3 of planetary gear train linked to each other with car body, and is rotatable, then i
AlwaysValue is the product of main transmission gear ratio and planetary gear train gear ratio; When clutch 2 combinations, when clutch 1 separated, planetary gear train the 3rd member gear ring 3 linked to each other with feedback auxiliary drive 1, and gear ring 3 rotating speeds of planetary gear train are subjected to the control of the speed of a motor vehicle or load speed, i
AlwaysValue is formula (1).This shows, when the speed change ratio of feedback helper drive and main transmission is certain, access that can be by the Control and Feedback auxiliary drive and withdraw from and change gear ratio.When main transmission is an infinitely variable speed transmission, feedback is auxiliary to be worth transmission device and to be fixing gear ratio, and when auxiliary drive withdraws from, whole drive unit will obtain bigger gear ratio, help the startup of vehicle.When auxiliary drive inserts, can obtain bigger speed change crime and load power.When main transmission is step change transmission device (being made as the n level), the feedback auxiliary drive is fixing gear ratio, and optionally connectedly goes into and when withdrawing from, then whole speed changer has 2n gear; When feeding back helper drive also for there being level (to be made as n
1Level), then whole speed changer has nn
1+ 2n gear.As be large vehicle, the feedback auxiliary drive must not withdraw from, otherwise will reduce the load power of whole speed changer, but also can obtain nn
1Individual gear.
This speed-varying vehicle has following characteristics:
1, can utilize simple clutch and fixing feedback transmission device to make Transmission gear increase at double.
2, also can utilize level to feed back and have the permutation and combination of grade transmission, make Transmission gear increase at double, and transmitted power be big.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the central gear input, the new type opeed changing transmission structural drawing of planet carrier output, gear ring output.
Fig. 2 is central gear input, planet carrier input, the new type opeed changing transmission structural drawing of gear ring output.
Fig. 3 is the central gear input, the gear ratio schematic diagram of the new type opeed changing transmission of planet carrier output, gear ring output.
Fig. 4 is the planet carrier input, the new type opeed changing transmission structural drawing of central gear output, gear ring output.
Fig. 5 is the gear ring input, the new type opeed changing transmission structural drawing of central gear output, planet carrier output.
The new type opeed changing transmission structural drawing that Fig. 6 assists out for central gear input, gear ring input, planet carrier.
Fig. 7 is planet carrier input, gear ring input, the new type opeed changing transmission structural drawing of central gear output.
Fig. 8 is centrifugal stepless speed-varying vehicle principle and structural drawing.
Fig. 9 is novel speed-varying vehicle control principle figure.
Figure 10 is the optional pattern transmission principle of a helper drive structural drawing.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of speed change drive method is characterized in that power by first member input in the planetary system, and the output of second member allows the 3rd member link to each other with input end by a cover transmission device; Simultaneously, allow first member link to each other with input end by another set of transmission device.And allow the 3rd member link to each other with output terminal by a cover transmission device; Allow second member link to each other with output terminal simultaneously,, when perhaps wherein a cover transmission device gear ratio changes, will cause that the whole drive unit gear ratio changes when two cover transmission device gear ratio change by another set of transmission device.
2, a series of variable speed drives that use the method for changing speed of right 1 to form, it is characterized in that this transmission device overlaps transmission devices by planetary gear train with two and forms, power is imported by planet carrier first member, connect a cover transmission device by the output of second member, connect another set of transmission device by the output of the 3rd member, the common output power of two cover transmission devices acts on the output shaft of power train.
3, a series of variable speed drives that use the method for changing speed of right 1 to form, it is characterized in that this transmission device overlaps transmission devices by planetary gear train with two and forms, power is shunted by the input end of power train, one the tunnel connects the 3rd member input of planetary system through a cover transmission device, another road is imported through first member that another set of transmission device connects planetary system, and the power of transmission is exported by second member.
4, use the speed-varying vehicle of the described speed change gear of claim 2, it is characterized in that utilizing the rotating speed of representing first member in the planetary system and the 3rd member rotating speed close speed, promptly the rotating speed of second member is as Control Parameter.
5, use the speed-varying vehicle of the described speed change gear of claim 2, it is characterized in that utilizing Clutch Control the access of a cover transmission device wherein and withdrawed from power train.
6,, it is characterized in that two cover transmission devices all can be conventional continuously variable transmittions, the gear stage and the fixing fixed conveyor device of gear ratio arranged according to claim 1,2,3 described variable speed drives.
7, according to claim 1,2,3,4 described variable speed drives, first member that it is characterized in that planetary gear train can be the some members in sun gear, planet carrier or gear ring three members in the planetary gear train, second member can be any one in two members that are left after determining first member, and remaining unique member is the 3rd member.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01131658 CN1430004A (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2001-12-31 | New type opeed changing transmission |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01131658 CN1430004A (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2001-12-31 | New type opeed changing transmission |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1430004A true CN1430004A (en) | 2003-07-16 |
Family
ID=4670768
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01131658 Pending CN1430004A (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2001-12-31 | New type opeed changing transmission |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1430004A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102606685A (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2012-07-25 | 徐州非圆机械科技有限公司 | Gearbox comprising non-circular gear, internal gear and planet differential gear train |
-
2001
- 2001-12-31 CN CN 01131658 patent/CN1430004A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102606685A (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2012-07-25 | 徐州非圆机械科技有限公司 | Gearbox comprising non-circular gear, internal gear and planet differential gear train |
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