CN1427898A - System for detecting and measuring inclusions - Google Patents
System for detecting and measuring inclusions Download PDFInfo
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- CN1427898A CN1427898A CN01808824A CN01808824A CN1427898A CN 1427898 A CN1427898 A CN 1427898A CN 01808824 A CN01808824 A CN 01808824A CN 01808824 A CN01808824 A CN 01808824A CN 1427898 A CN1427898 A CN 1427898A
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- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
- C21C5/46—Details or accessories
- C21C5/4673—Measuring and sampling devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/32—Magnetic separation acting on the medium containing the substance being separated, e.g. magneto-gravimetric-, magnetohydrostatic-, or magnetohydrodynamic separation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/205—Metals in liquid state, e.g. molten metals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating And Analyzing Materials By Characteristic Methods (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to systems of methods of detecting and measuring inclusions in liquid metals. More particularly, non-metallic inclusions having a conductivity level different from the liquid metal melt are forced to migrate and are collected on a measurement surface using electromagnetic Lorentz forces. The inclusions and their concentrations are detected at the measurement surface using either an electrostatic detection system or an optical detection system.
Description
This is the part continuation application as No. the 09/700th, 975, the U. S. application in the American National phase application of the PCT/US00/08668 of on March 31st, 2000 application in application on November 21st, 2000.
Prior art of the present invention
Because to the demand that high-test metal day by day increases, it is more and more crucial that the purifying of molten metal becomes.Therefore, the method that is used to detect, measure, separate and remove from the inclusion of molten metal is yearning.Specifically, the aluminum products foundary industry need make the melter can implement the operation of meticulous metal purification and avoid whereby in finished product, occurring little defective, reliably, fast, economic detection system.
For example, typical molten aluminium comprises the nonmetallic little inclusion that a large amount of sizes is less than or equal to 50 microns.These inclusiones comprise that fusing point is than higher oxide compound (Al
2O
3), spinel (MgAl
2O
4) and carbide (SiC, Al
4C
3) particle.Inclusion in the alloy can damage the mechanical property of the goods of being made by them, also porousness and increase harmful to surface smoothness and machining property, that increase foundry goods inside are corroded.Nonmetallic inclusion is as causing that the factor of stress concentration can cause the damage that component are too early.
The level of the inclusion that exists in the assessment melt is to need one of significant parameter of measuring in molten metal is handled.Existing detection technique comprises pressure filtration test, acoustic emission detection and resistivity Coulter counter.Preceding two kinds of methods mainly rely on qualitative difference between the melt of severe contamination and the clean melt.The Coulter counting process with regard to little probe assessment greater than the concentration and the distribution of sizes of the inclusion of 15-20 micron.Yet this method is quite expensive and can only detect the effective dimensions of inclusion.
General introduction of the present invention
The present invention relates to be used for detecting and measuring the system of the non-metallic inclusion in the molten metal.The method that the present invention is used for measuring the inclusion in the molten metal comprises with the Lorentz electromagnetic force forces which contaminant particles or inclusion to move to measured zone or the surface is gone up, detected the particle in the measured zone and determines step in the size of surface measurements particle and concentration and so on.
Electromagnetic force mechanism is by probe and be used to separate and remove the purpose of the pollutent in the liquid metal.Yet relying on the clean system of electromagnetic force is not to be very effective, because low-down force density normally produces in the large volume of the melted metal that needs purify, thereby causes particle relative movement slowly.Electromagnetic force is used to detect and measure the non-metallic inclusion in the liquid metal in the present invention.Detector system uses little check volume, so this considers the generation of big application of force density.The present invention also may be used to utilize in the groove of small volume the basis of high electromagnetic force density to separate inclusion from the metal such as aluminium.
Specifically, embodiment preferred utilizes permanent magnet and direct current (DC) power supply to produce electromagnetic force.In addition, be used to detect the electrostatic detection of the method utilization of inclusion in the particle concentration on the measured zone of measuring structure by spininess or surface.Moreover, in order overcoming, to adjust surface condition and be absolutely necessary hindering inclusion to pass through the surface tension that bath surface is responsible for.By adjusting surface condition, the particle penetration surface is convenient to detect.The method that makes detection of particles become possible adjustment surface condition can comprise the combination of mechanical system or acoustic vibration system or these two kinds of systems.For example, mechanical system can be used cylinder, and the upper layer of melt is constantly outwards stretched.The acoustic vibration system comprises using to be superimposed upon by the exchange current (AC) on the DC electric current of melt flow shakes the liquid melts surface under specific resonant frequency (for example, the 10-40 hertz depends on the geometrical dimension of checking volume).The motion of surface vibration excitation particle.As an alternative, the streams of gas or gaseous mixture can be directed on the bath surface.For example, in order to adjust surface condition, gaseous tension can be between the 2-3 normal atmosphere in the hole above melt.Air-flow can be used to postpone oxidation and/or reduce surface tension on bath surface.This can be used to increase the mobility of inclusion to the bath surface zone.According to the also speed of mobile direction that flows, the inlet mouth in one or more holes above melt and venting port can be used to control the condition on the interested surf zone.For the migration and the detection that further improve particle, the rare gas element such as helium or argon gas can be used, and the active fluid that perhaps also can be used to loosen the constraint on surface such as chlorine can use or replaces rare gas element with rare gas element.These gases can also improve contrast gradient aspect the heat " signature " of surf zone composition.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, detection system is the optical system of the characteristics that are changed to the solid-state imaging device such as charge-coupled device (CCD).The particle that electronical record is distributed on the surface apertures based on the detector system of CCD becomes easy.In case make particle set on surface measurements or free melt surface by applying the Lorentz electromagnetic force, the acoustic vibration of low frequency just is activated, so that make particle can pass the metal melt migration.The size of record particle and distribution are amplified interesting areas with ccd video camera with use lens combination optics and are pulled together to finish.Ccd video camera can be coupled on the image-taking system, and this system can be coupled on the treater of the electronic memory that is useful on data storing such as microcontroller or Personal Computer successively.This system can programme with software module, so that finish picture processing and the quantitative numerical value of determining to comprise size of particles and distribution about the view data of collecting.This treated data can be used to the flow rate and the segregation rate of Controlling System.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, detector or detector system responsive in the wavelength region of 500-1200nm are used to inclusion is counted.By detecting in visible light, near infrared and the region of ultra-red of electromagnetic spectrum, subsurface particle also can be detected.The detector of buying on market such as amorphous selenium can be used to make surface and subsurface particle imaging with the frame speed of TV with quartz window.
Another embodiment of the present invention is only used AC power supplies to bring out electromagnetic force in melt and is caused bath movement and the consequential inclusion location that is used to measure whereby.Detection system can be used and provide the real-time feedback control of handling operation together with the system that is used for from melt separation inclusion.
System of the present invention provides the quantitative measurment result of little inclusion and can determine the shape of particle.Moreover system of the present invention can distinguish single particle and population and can distinguish gas foam and solids.The application of some systems of the present invention is arranged, comprising but be not limited to detect in the molten metal inclusion with from such as the material of aluminium, iron, based on separating inclusion the molten metal the alloy of brass and copper.In addition, system of the present invention can semisolid handle or die casting in be utilized so that isolating liquid and the dendritic network that disintegrates homogenize between dendrite arm.
Above-mentioned target, feature and advantage with other of the present invention from following will be conspicuous to the description more specifically that gives the preferred embodiments of the invention of graphic extension in the accompanying drawing that different views, refers to same component at identical reference character all the time.These accompanying drawings needn't be drawn to scale, but it is in principle of the present invention to lay stress on graphic extension.
Brief Description Of Drawings
Figure 1A utilizes the system that detects and measure inclusion that the synoptic diagram of the system of liquid metal is provided according to the present invention.
Figure 1B is the synoptic diagram of the system of the present invention that is utilized as the separation system described in Figure 1A.
Fig. 1 C is a schema of describing the details of the molten metal treatment system that merges with the system that is used for detecting and measure inclusion according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 A is the synoptic diagram of embodiment of measuring the system of the inclusion in the molten metal according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 B is the synoptic diagram according to the preferred embodiment of the detection system of the inclusion in the present invention's detection and the measurement molten metal.
Fig. 2 C is illustrated in the vertical view of the vessel assembly of showing among Fig. 2 A.
Fig. 2 D graphic extension is along the sectional view of the vessel assembly of the line 2D-2D intercepting of Fig. 2 C.
Fig. 2 E graphic extension is along the sectional view of the container assemblies of the line 2E-2E intercepting of Fig. 2 C.
Fig. 2 F is the synoptic diagram according to another preferred embodiment of the detection system of system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 A is the synoptic diagram according to another preferred embodiment of system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 B is the detailed synoptic diagram of showing in Fig. 3 A of transmitter key element.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of another preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Some examples that Fig. 5 A-5E graphic extension distributes according to magnetic field of the present invention and Lorentz power.
Detailed description of the present invention
The system and method for the inclusion in direct detection of the present invention and the measurement liquid metal.Further embodiment comprises the processing of liquid or semisolid material.
The system and method that detects and measure the inclusion in the liquid metal uses electromagnetic force to force which contaminant particles to be moved to and detects and surface measurements.The present invention has the level of conductivity that is different from liquid melts and compares with liquid melts based on the particle that includes to be used as nonconducting this fact of handling equally.Therefore, when applying the galvanic current (DC) that spreads all over melt with current density j and applying compulsory vertical magnetic flux density B, Lorentz force density in the melt is f=j * B, force density, current density and magnetic flux density vector all wherein, but wireless amount of inducing and force density are the vector cross products of current density and magnetic flux density.Lorentz power is induced in metal, but in nonconducting inclusion owing to there is not electric current to propagate and do not respond to by their.As the retroaction (Newton's third law) of this electromagnetic force, inclusion bears the power of opposite sign but equal magnitude.Corresponding reactive force density f a=-f on nonconducting inclusion is called as Archimedes's electromagnetic force.Because detector uses little check volume, force density can obtain with the motion of corresponding particle fast greatly there, so Archimedes's electromagnetic force is fit to testing goal very much.
Referring now to accompanying drawing, Figure 1A is the synoptic diagram that merges the preferable methods that liquid metal is provided according to the present invention and the system that is used for detecting and measure inclusion.The specific order of each step is described the purposes of system of the present invention in the system that the liquid metal that does not have non-metallic inclusion is provided.Metal is a fused in reverberatory furnace or electrical heater.As an alternative, metal may be a fused in induction furnace.This system comprises the transmitter key element of being made up of with regard to the container 112 that flows into the liquid metal of inclusion by whenever step 114 110.Include the perception of particle and detect and take place afterwards whenever step 116 liquid metal just flows out from the metal the inside.Electrode 118 is integrated so that volts lost is provided in container with container 112.Electromagnetic force is induced in container, and it acts on the liquid metal but does not act on the particle that includes.Electromagnetic force can be to produce by the electric power that container is applied by power supply 120 supplies.Galvanic current can produce requisite electromagnetic force with permanent-magnet system 124 combinations the time.As an alternative, electromagnetic force can be to produce by applying the strong alternating current of also being supplied by power supply 120, and the demand to permanent-magnet system 124 has been eliminated in its self-induced magnetic field.
Compare as idioelectric inclusion towards the conduct measured zone rising of bath surface freely with liquid metal.Because melt is not transparent,, the bath surface of metal oxide layer on it arranged so that force inclusion to be broken through so measured zone need be adjusted its condition in visual range.Keep the surface tension of particle below bath surface freely in order to overcome, measured zone can whenever step 128 just with mechanical means or with acoustics regulation system 132 or regulate with both combinations as an alternative.
Then, detect the particle that includes with detection system 136.Detection system both can be an electrostatic measuring system, also can be image detecting system.
Then, the result of detection system goes on record, and size of particles and concentration are calculated in treater 140.The result of treatment step 140 perhaps is displayed on the indicating meter 144 and is used to monitor the size and the concentration of inclusion.Separate particles system 148 is coupled on the computer, so that remove the liquid metal that detected inclusion provides does not have inclusion.
Figure 1B is that the present invention is as the synoptic diagram that separates or purification system is used.There is the container 152 of the liquid metal of inclusion to be fed among the separation system 154.Separation system is made up of the minor groove 156 that feed flow attitude metal flows into.Particle is separated in the disengaging zone 158 in each groove 156 by high electromagnetic force density being applied on the liquid metal in each groove.The final liquid metal of collecting the container 160 from separation system 154 does not have inclusion in essence.Each zone 158 or groove 156 can have the detector system shown in Figure 1A, so that monitor each groove.
Fig. 1 C schematically is illustrated in to use in the molten metal treatment system 162 of concentration liquid metal that be reduced or that do not have inclusion in essence of the bigger inclusion of supply for casting and other and utilizes further details of the present invention.The specific order of these steps is described the system that the metal that does not have inclusion is provided.For example, the liquid metal in the step 164 is whenever step 166 is just outgased, so that remove gasiform hydrogen.Then, liquid metal is whenever step 168 all flows through filtering system, so that remove some inclusion as the some of typical molten metal treatment system.Consequent liquid metal is then whenever step 170 is used in the casting technique.Certain small volume of the filtering liquid metal of process is among step 172 is sent to according to detection of the present invention and measuring system.Step 172 perceives inclusion and measures size of particles and distribution.Then, be converted into the actual distribution of molten metal whenever step 174 sensing data.Whenever the actual distribution of step 176 inclusion and the distribution of expection compare.Be stored in the storer with electronics method and whenever step 176 just is retrieved so that finish comparison such as the ideal distribution by the expection of Model Calculation of prediction in step 178.If the actual distribution of inclusion is within the tolerance interval that expection distributes, then do not take the correction action.Yet, if the actual distribution of inclusion not within the tolerance interval that expection distributes, 180 transaction module and control law begin the correction action so set by step.Then, the controlled variable of listing in step 182 (for example, the life-span of strainer and size, the operation of degas module and the electric charge of melt) is recomputated, and these variations are incorporated into the program of treatment system.Because change controlled variable, transaction module is whenever step 184 just is updated.
Fig. 2 A is the synoptic diagram of the preferred embodiment of the detection of the enough method realizations of the present invention of energy and the system of measuring inclusion.Container 210 (for example being made by pottery) is to fill with liquid melts 212 (for example, liquid gallium).Liquid melts 212 stands electric field and magnetic field.
Consequent Lorentz electromagnetic force density be by two 0.3 Tesla in the 0.6 Tesla scope permanent magnet 214 and direct supply 216 supplies in the galvanic current generation of 100A in the 150A scope.Other embodiment can be according to the specific electric current of application use in 50A arrives the 2000A scope.Commercial system will preferably have the electric current in the 200-2000A scope, so that improve flow rate.Magnetic field almost is uniform between two electrodes 224.This system may be like this configuration, so that melt constantly flows through container 210, and inclusion is collected on the zone 220 on free melt surface.If the mobile cross section is 0.5 * 1cm, based on the total current of 120A, current density j is 2.4 * 10 so
6A/m
2Therefore, if magnetic flux density is 0.3 Tesla, the Lorentz force density is 7.2 * 10 so
5N/cm
3The flow rate of melt is preferably in the scope of per minute 50-200 milliliter.This is above 30 (30) times of the terrestrial attraction density on the molten metal that acts on such as aluminium.Simultaneously, this surpasses as the spinel inclusion (ρ=3600kg/m in molten aluminum
3) on Archimedes gravitational 60 (60) doubly.These considerations are emphasized if be used for very effectively this fact of the enough little then electromagnetic treatment of the cross-sectional area of metal flow.
What be coupling in container 210 both sides is electrode 224.Electrode can be by, for example, copper tungsten, graphite, aluminium or other electro-conductive material are made.Electrode provides the DC electric current that causes the Lorentz electromagnetic force with the magnetic field combination.In addition, owing to there is liquid metal to exist electric current to run into resistance.Therefore, volts lost produces between electrode, and this volts lost itself can be come out by the layout of the tiny copper contact that contacts with free melt surface is measured again.Allow to detect the surface is arrived in conduct to the transfer of response of Lorentz power particle in the variation of adjusting volts lost between the point electrode.Or actually electrode be according to material in liquid metal under operational condition be stable damage with known speed selected.
The non-conductor particle experiences consistent longitudinal motion with constant speed and experiences simultaneously with the transverse movements of given speed towards free melt surface or regional 220 rises.Even for diameter is 10 microns inclusion, lift velocity also is enough to make inclusion to be collected reasonably to finish on the zone on free melt surface in the time length.Because melt is opaque in the visual range of electromagnetic spectrum, the inclusion conclusive effect of on the free melt surface, having overflowed.Hindering the main mechanism of overflowing is surface tension.For all possible size of particles, Archimedes's electromagnetic force all specific surface tension is little.Therefore, the additional processing of bath surface is necessary.
The surface be with mechanical means by the upper layer that makes melt constantly trail (for example using the rotating cylinder such as ceramic roller 228) regulate.Cylinder is being dragged upper layer away from surveyed area.This process make bath surface it seems it as if with the new particle that constantly occurs by " stretching ".The another kind of method that is used for regulating bath surface be with acoustic method make the liquid melts surface according to the geometrical dimension of check volume in the internal vibration of 10-40Hz scope.This may be by the AC power amplifier power supply in the 500-800W scope 232 and provide the AC signal generator 234 of AC electric current to finish.Additional periodic Lorentz force component appears on the widthwise, and it produces surface vibration.Such vibrational excitation particle is overflowed.Being used for providing the method for liquid metal vibration by the Lorentz electromagnetic force is to be published in J.Acoust.Soc.Am. at SergeyMakarov, Reinhold Ludwig and Diran Apelian, vol 105, No.4, describe in " Resonantoscillation of a liquid metal column driven by electomagneticLorentz force sources (using the resonance of the liquid metal post of Lorentz electromagnetic force source driving) " among the April 1999, by quoting as proof it is incorporated at this.The method of describing in above-mentioned reference publication can be used with the system of describing herein, so that the acoustic vibration that is used for regulating the free melt surface is provided.
Two kinds of methods that are used for regulating surface condition have their merits and demerits.Machinery stretches the integral part mean movable sensor, cylinder for example, however acoustic vibration reduces the quality of optical imagery.The combination of two kinds of methods can be used for remedying the shortcoming of indivedual methods.
Based on the cylindrical volume of demonstration, be supplied to the strength of current of the 150A (DC electric current) of the measuring vessel of 20 millimeters long, 5 millimeters radiuses to produce 100kN/m by two electrodes
3Average radial force density.This mean effective diameter that is enough to force 75% be 40 microns inclusion to the surface, amount to the check speed of 88 ml/min.
Giving with Fig. 2 B in the preferred embodiment of graphic extension, is possible comprise the optical detection system that uses lens combination 252 (for example microscope), ccd video camera 256 and 260 pairs of area-of-interest optics of indicating meter to amplify according to detection system of the present invention.In addition, ccd video camera may be coupled to itself again with treater 264 coupled frame grabbers 262 on.The low inclusion mean diameter of optical detecting method prophesy non-conducting and conductivity in molten aluminum is in 5 to 50 microns scope.
Fig. 2 C, 2D and 2E provide the further details about container assemblies of describing and mechanical control system in Fig. 1 and 2 A.Cylinder stretches bath surface freely and the metal oxide layer that forms is from the teeth outwards disintegrated, thereby makes particle can escape into the surface, for the detection of particle creates conditions.The action of machinery drum tends to make melt layer to move on the end face of cylinder, comes out to enter the baffle plate 270 shown in Fig. 2 D thereby take into account the separate particles that includes in the top layer potentially.
Another embodiment of Fig. 2 F graphic extension detection system of the present invention.In case particle reaches the surface, this embodiment of the present invention is used and is deployed in the electrostatic measurement device 280 that 10 to 100 voltages record probes 282 are arranged that is used for measuring the differential voltage distribution that can compare with the baseline profile of pure molten aluminum subsequently on the free melt surface.These probes can be the tiny copper point electrodes that contacts with the free melt surface.If probe separation is on 0.3 millimeter the order of magnitude that uses laser drill, proximate calculation result so shows that the differential Potential distribution of expection surpasses 4 to 5 microvolts, just more than ground unrest.The low inclusion mean diameter of this detection system prophesy non-conducting and conductivity in molten aluminum is in 20 to 100 micrometer ranges.
With reference to Fig. 3 A, another preferred embodiment of system that is used for detecting and measure the inclusion in the liquid metal comprises by being placed on the sensor 310 that three column form objects within the container 314 of filling liquid metal 316 or part are formed.Column form object can be made by pottery or refractory materials.In the scope of 1000A, provide the AC power supplies 318 of electric current to be coupled on the electrode of integrating with sensor 310 320 at 500A.
Optics or ultrared detection system 322 comprise to be used lens combination 328, CCD or infrared camera 330, is coupled to the optics that image on the treater 336 obtains system 334 and 338 pairs of area-of-interests of indicating meter and amplifies.The long focus objective lens 328 of enlargement ratio in 1000 to 2000 scopes is coupled on the CCD.The particle that electronical record is distributed on the surface apertures based on the detector system of CCD becomes easy.As previously described, the AC modulation signal generator used together with the AC power amplifier can begin frequency acoustic vibration by the Lorentz power of alternation.Range of frequency is vibrated the upper layer (oxide film adds surface tension) of smashing liquid melts in the frequency acoustic of 10-40 hertz, allows inclusion to overflow from melt, therefore helps to detect.
Sensor is because the angular relation between the column form object has the feature of automatic cleaning.Pitch angle 350 in the 2-5o scope allows in case take out the just outflow from sensor 310 of this element liquid melts from melt.
Rare gas element source of the gas 340 provides the inert carrier gas so that remove any gaseous impurities, keep clean interface for quartz window 324.
With regard to the embodiment that Fig. 3 A is discussed, permanent magnet is not to be absolutely necessary.With reference to Fig. 3 B, further be provided at the details of the sensor 310 of graphic extension among Fig. 3 a, average flux density is to begin when the AC electric current of the 60Hz of 50-2000 ampere (preferred 1000-2000 ampere) is applied on the container in the enough strong self-induction magnetic field of 0.05 Tesla in the scope of 0.1 Tesla.The total power that is applied is in 2-3 kilowatt scope.Though self-induction magnetic field than the magnetic field that embodiment provided that permanent-magnet system is arranged a little less than, the result of the AC electric current that quite high current density is high as a comparison causes the reason of strong Lorentz electromagnetic force density.In addition, it also is possible to substitute this power supply with transformer.In addition, another embodiment of system of the present invention may be used movably transmitter or the sensor of being made by tungsten when opposing to use pottery.
The advantage of the embodiment of Fig. 3 A and 3B graphic extension is to set up self-induction magnetic field, and permanent magnet is used in cancellation.Permanent magnet need need not the exterior cooling system about system's preparation of Fig. 3 A and 3B description.In addition, be absolutely necessary for the system that application drawing 3A and 3B are disclosed than the more expensive and heavy DC power supply that must be difficult to carry of AC power supplies usually.Moreover the embodiment that gives graphic extension with Fig. 3 A and 3B no longer needs outside pump, but relies on a kind of automatic pumping mechanism to guarantee that melt constantly flows through measured zone.
Fig. 4 graphic extension another preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein air flow inlet 340 is controlled by valve, and this valve can be received on the central controller 344.Cavity 362 above air stream outlet 360 and the metal fluid in the cabin 364 that has metal fluid to flow through also can be coupled by fluid.
As an alternative, one or more inlets 370 can be round observing quartz window 324 location of interesting areas 352 by it.Metal fluid is forced to violate gravity by pipeline 400 upwards.Metal fluid can be conducted through cabin 364 and numerous outlet.By exporting 380,390 flow and can be drawn towards the down-stream system that is used to further handle, for example, separation system.Gas flow system operation in order that control such as rate of oxidation, cementing property, particle in interesting areas 352 contrast and the surface property the mobility.
Fig. 5 A-5E illustrates magnetic field and force density characteristic.For example, be the container of 1000A for electric current I, shown in Fig. 5 A, the magneticstrength in 1 square centimeter the cross section is showed with Fig. 5 B, and magnetic field orientating is showed with Fig. 5 C.The density of consequent Lorentz power and orientation give graphic extension respectively in Fig. 5 D and 5E.
Below form illustrate the ratio that acts on power and the amplitude of gravity on the fluid under four kinds of situations of different orientations by the fluidic total current having.Metal is an aluminium plus gallium in these specific examples.
| | Situation | 1 | | | |
| Total current, A | 1000 | ?700 | ?300 | ?120 | |
| d，mm | 5 | ?5 | ?5 | ?5 | |
| h，mm | 10 | ?10 | ?10 | ?10 | |
| Strength of current, A/ | 2*10 7 | ?1.4*10 7 | ?6*10 6 | ?2.4％10 6 | |
| B x(0 ,+h/2), Tesla | -0.048 | ?-0.034 | ?-0.014 | ?-0.0058 | |
| B y(0 ,+h/2,0), Tesla | +0.045 | ?+0.032 | ?+0.014 | ?+0.0054 | |
| f y+jB x(0，+h/2)，N/m 3 | -9.6*10 5 | ?-4.7*10 5 | ?-8.6*10 4 | ?-1.4*10 4 | |
| f x+jB x(0，+h/2)，N/m 3 | +9.1*10 5 | ?-4.4*10 5 | ?-8.2*10 4 | ?-1.3*10 4 | |
| Aluminium: f y/f g | 41 | ?20 | ??3.7 | ?0.6 | |
| Aluminium: f x/f g | 39 | ?19 | ??3.5 | ?0.5 | |
| Gallium: f y/f g | 17 | ?8 | ??1.5 | ?0.24 | |
| Gallium: f x/f g | 16 | ?7.7 | ??1.4 | ?0.23 |
System of the present invention can be used to detect and measure the inclusion in the molten metal.Further application of the present invention is separate inclusion from the molten metal such as the alloy of aluminium, iron, brass and copper aspect.In addition, system of the present invention may semisolid handle or die casting in be used to make liquid between the dendrite arm of segregation and the dendritic network that disintegrates homogenizes.
Although this invention showed particularly with reference to its embodiment preferred and described, the people who is familiar with this technology will understand do not break away from the defined the spirit and scope of the present invention of claims can be just wherein form and details do various changes.
Claims (40)
1. method that is used for detecting and measuring the inclusion in the liquid, this method comprises the steps:
Force the particle in the conductor that flows to move to measured zone; And
In measured zone, detect particle.
2. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the step that forces the particle migration comprises the Lorentz electromagnetic force is imposed on liquid.
3. according to the method for claim 2, wherein the Lorentz electromagnetic force utilizes many permanent magnets and direct supply (DC) to apply.
4. according to the method for claim 2, wherein the Lorentz electromagnetic force utilizes AC power (AC) to apply.
5. the method according to claim 1 comprises that further the condition of adjusting measured zone moves particle within measured zone.
6. according to the method for claim 5, the condition of wherein adjusting measured zone comprises that further the surface to described zone applies mechanical force.
7. according to the method for claim 5, wherein adjust the described zone of condition involving vibrations of measured zone.
8. according to the process of claim 1 wherein the step use electrostatic measurement that detects particle.
9. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the step use that detects particle detects the image detecting system of particle.
10. further comprising in order to change surface property according to the method for claim 1 allows fluid materials flow on the fluidic surface.
11. further comprise according to the method for claim 10 and to allow gas on surface measurements, flow.
12. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that allowing the step of gas flow further comprise makes the gas flow that is selected from helium, argon gas and chlorine.
13. further comprise according to the method for claim 11 and to allow gaseous mixture on surface measurements, flow.
14. further comprise according to the method for claim 10 and to allow gas flow from the teeth outwards so that increase particle flow rate in measured zone.
15. the method according to claim 1 further comprises the detector that the light of detection wavelength in 500nm arrives the 1200nm scope is provided.
16. further comprise according to the method for claim 15 solid-state infrared detector be provided.
17. further comprise according to the method for claim 1 the amorphous selenium detector be provided.
18. according to the method for claim 10, the step that wherein changes surface property can comprise particle and the contrast between the fluid in the rate of oxidation that changes flow surface, the surface tension that reduces flow surface, the increase fluid or increase the flow velocity of particle by interesting areas.
19. according to the method for claim 1, further characteristic is included in the rate of oxidation of flow surface control reduction particle and separates with fluidic.
20. a device that is used for measuring inclusion in conductive fluid, this device comprises:
The conductive fluid source;
With respect to the localized electrode device of the liquid that current path is provided in liquid;
Receive the power supply on the described electrode device; And
The proofing unit of the material in the tracer liquid.
21. according to the device of claim 20, wherein current generator is direct supply (AC).
22. according to the device of claim 20, wherein current generator is AC power (AC).
23. further comprise the permanent magnet in many generations magnetic field according to the device of claim 20.
24. according to the device of claim 20, wherein proofing unit is the electrostatic equipment system.
25. according to the device of claim 20, wherein electrostatic equipment further comprises the electrode on many contact measurements surface, detects in the variation aspect the voltage when flowing through surface measurements with convenient inclusion between described electrode.
26. according to the device of claim 20, wherein proofing unit is the optical detection system.
27. according to the device of claim 20, wherein detection system further comprises optical loupes and the solid state image pickup device that surface measurements is amplified.
28. according to the device of claim 20, detection system and display-coupled wherein.
29. the device according to claim 20 further comprises image processor and central controller.
30. the device according to claim 20 further comprises the magnetic field source that the liquid application of force is made the contrary gravity flowage of liquid.
31. according to the device of claim 20, wherein electrode device comprises many electrodes that become by graphite, tungsten, aluminium or copper.
32. according to the device of claim 20, wherein proofing unit comprises the infrared imaging detector.
33. comprise mobile container according to claim 20, this mobile container comprises the entrance and exit in metal liquid source.
34. the device according to claim 20 further comprises the source of the gas that can flow through the surf zone of liquid with such coupling of housing so that gas.
35. the device according to claim 20 further comprises the inclusion separator.
36. according to the device of claim 34, wherein gas comprises rare gas element or reactive gas.
37. the device according to claim 20 further comprises storer and the image processor that is used for measuring size of particles and the distribution in liquid.
38. further comprise according to the device of claim 20 and to be used in the cabin pilot-gas at liquid and mobile gas flow controller above the quartz window.
39. a device of measuring the inclusion in the liquid, this device comprises: the source that the liquid of inclusion is arranged; Be placed in the electrode system of suitable position in order in liquid, to provide current path; The power supply that is connected with described electrode; And the image device of the inclusion in the automatic tracer liquid.
40. further comprise the optical system that makes fluid surface and imaging device optical coupled and as central controller to the reaction control processing parameter of detected image according to the device of claim 39.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| WOPCT/US00/08668 | 2000-03-31 | ||
| USPCT/US00/08668 | 2000-03-31 | ||
| US70097500A | 2000-11-21 | 2000-11-21 | |
| US09/700,975 | 2000-11-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1427898A true CN1427898A (en) | 2003-07-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN01808824A Pending CN1427898A (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2001-03-30 | System for detecting and measuring inclusions |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1268866A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2003535316A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20020095199A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1427898A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2001251167A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0107533A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2404560A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA02009593A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO20024613L (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2002128920A (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102445525A (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-05-09 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Methods of characterizing aluminum oxides |
| CN103123329A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-05-29 | 上海大学 | Rapid detection method and rapid detection device of non-metallic inclusions in metal |
| CN103245711A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-08-14 | 沈阳理工大学 | Neutral network-based molten aluminum nonmetallic inclusion online soft measurement device and method |
| CN104007170A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-08-27 | 中国科学院大学 | Measuring method for molten metal purity degree through state conversion based on electromagnetic principle |
| CN104769413A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2015-07-08 | Abb公司 | Liquid metal cleanliness analyzer |
| CN105499142A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-04-20 | 东北大学 | Metal melted bead separation system and metal melted bead separation method based on compound magnetic fields and spiral chute |
| CN106018448A (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2016-10-12 | 横店集团东磁股份有限公司 | Method for assessing content of impure phases in LaFeSi-base magnetic refrigeration material |
| CN107024418A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2017-08-08 | 通用电气公司 | Electrostatic particle sensor |
| CN107119192A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-09-01 | 上海大学 | The method and device of electromagnetism vortex driving force purifying molten metal |
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| CN105108093B (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2017-03-08 | 青岛理工大学 | The physical simulating method of the non-metallic inclusion characteristics of motion in continuous cast mold under stirring the action of a magnetic field |
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-
2001
- 2001-03-30 AU AU2001251167A patent/AU2001251167A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-30 CN CN01808824A patent/CN1427898A/en active Pending
- 2001-03-30 MX MXPA02009593A patent/MXPA02009593A/en unknown
- 2001-03-30 JP JP2001573055A patent/JP2003535316A/en active Pending
- 2001-03-30 KR KR1020027012866A patent/KR20020095199A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-03-30 EP EP01924518A patent/EP1268866A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-03-30 RU RU2002128920/02A patent/RU2002128920A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-03-30 CA CA002404560A patent/CA2404560A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-03-30 BR BR0107533-0A patent/BR0107533A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-09-26 NO NO20024613A patent/NO20024613L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102445525A (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2012-05-09 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | Methods of characterizing aluminum oxides |
| CN104769413A (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2015-07-08 | Abb公司 | Liquid metal cleanliness analyzer |
| CN103123329A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-05-29 | 上海大学 | Rapid detection method and rapid detection device of non-metallic inclusions in metal |
| CN103245711A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-08-14 | 沈阳理工大学 | Neutral network-based molten aluminum nonmetallic inclusion online soft measurement device and method |
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| CN106018448B (en) * | 2016-05-16 | 2019-01-08 | 横店集团东磁股份有限公司 | Miscellaneous phase content appraisal procedure in a kind of LaFeSi base magnetic refrigerating material |
| CN107119192A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-09-01 | 上海大学 | The method and device of electromagnetism vortex driving force purifying molten metal |
| CN107119192B (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2019-02-22 | 上海大学 | The method and device of electromagnetism vortex driving force purifying molten metal |
| CN108043586A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-05-18 | 西安欧中材料科技有限公司 | A kind of method of nonmetal inclusion content in detection metal powder |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1268866A2 (en) | 2003-01-02 |
| AU2001251167A1 (en) | 2001-10-15 |
| CA2404560A1 (en) | 2001-10-11 |
| BR0107533A (en) | 2003-06-10 |
| KR20020095199A (en) | 2002-12-20 |
| MXPA02009593A (en) | 2004-05-14 |
| NO20024613L (en) | 2002-11-27 |
| RU2002128920A (en) | 2004-04-20 |
| JP2003535316A (en) | 2003-11-25 |
| NO20024613D0 (en) | 2002-09-26 |
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