CN1425518A - Flat hammering and drawing formation method for abrasive ball - Google Patents
Flat hammering and drawing formation method for abrasive ball Download PDFInfo
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- CN1425518A CN1425518A CN 02159510 CN02159510A CN1425518A CN 1425518 A CN1425518 A CN 1425518A CN 02159510 CN02159510 CN 02159510 CN 02159510 A CN02159510 A CN 02159510A CN 1425518 A CN1425518 A CN 1425518A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a flat hammering and drawing formation process of abrasive ball as a kind of grinding material. Into iron-base material, Cr, C, Mo, V, Mn, Si, RE and other alloy elements are added to form alloy material, which are passed through smelting, casting, cutting, flat hammering and drawing deformation, forging, post-forging treatment to produce the various kinds of abrasive ball. The abrasive ball product has diameter 30-140 mm, ellipticity less than 3 mm, impact toughness over 10 joule/sq cm, and breaking rate less than 0.35%. It is used widely in grinding Fe, Ag, Al, Cu and other metal ore powder as well as coal, quartz, various ceramic powder and other non-metal ore powder with microhardness lower than 1000 Hv.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to grinding-material and prepare scope, particularly a kind of flat-anvils stretching-manufacturing process of novel abrading-ball.
Background technology
The kind of abrading-ball is a lot, and its chemical composition is the key factor of its serviceability of decision, is divided into as cast condition or forging attitude abrading-ball that elements such as adding carbon, silicon, manganese in the iron is made therefrom.Mainly based on Fe-C type carbide, microhardness is low, wear no resistance based on the inside of the manganese steel abrading-ball of potassium steel; The error that unavoidably has hole, segregation and shape during casting, inaccessible chip index and the requirement of losing two service indexs of circle.Present most popular rich chromium cast iron high-abrasive material be suitable for making the material wearing and tearing parts that industry band such as industrial breeze impacts, but its impact toughness value is on the low side, and easy generation brittle break under the large impact operating mode influences result of use.Therefore the U.S. once must not stipulate and used in the ball mill greater than 5 rice diameters, and the eighties U.S. develops rich chromium cast iron continuous casting-continuous rolling process, produces Gao Ge and rolls ball.Enter the nineties, the punching block casting playing skill art of China makes a breakthrough, and has brought into play the advantage of high chromium cast iron material own, and its product large tracts of land is at home promoted, and its impact toughness index is brought up near 8 joules/cm
2But continuous casting-continuous rolling production line investment is huge, and technical influence factor is many, and the hole at product center position, the more casting flaw in slit are not effectively eliminated, the molten iron utilization rate is not high, and production scale is difficult to enlarge.Alloying proportioning for high chromium as cast condition abrading-ball, the theory and the application study of casting and heat treatment aspect make substantial progress, but the impact toughness value of As-cast High Cr abrading-ball is generally on the low side, often cracks under the large-sized grinder operating mode and loses efficacy, reduces working life.
Summary of the invention
Flat-anvils stretching-the manufacturing process that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of novel abrading-ball, described flat-anvils stretching-manufacturing process is a kind of to contain chromium, carbon, molybdenum, vanadium, manganese, silicon, the high chromium high carbon alloy of the iron-based of rare earth and alloying element thereof is as raw material, utilize casting, flat-anvils stretching forges, a kind of new ball mill that Technology for Heating Processing progressively is shaped hot machining process of abrading-ball, it is characterized in that: earlier raw material are cast as roughly shaped material, in forging process, blank is carried out the high temperature thermoplasticity distortion, progressively improve the as-cast structure and the shape of blank, finally being configured as interior tissue is non-complete as-cast structure, the abrading-ball that profile meets the specification and requires, again after heat treatment, promptly manufacture the novel abrading-ball that a kind of ball mill is used, its step of manufacturing is:
1. raw material is prepared: steel scrap, the pig iron, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, vanadium iron, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, rare earth and alloy thereof are raw material;
2. melting: utilize electric furnace that the raw material of preparing is carried out melting, stirring, make it to become uniform, the sufficient iron-based high-chromium alloy molten steel of alloying;
3. molten steel is cast in the mold, and condensation is configured as the iron-based high-chromium alloy strand of cylindrical shape;
4. with 800 ℃～1150 ℃ of strand heating, the casting after annealing is handled in 1 hour～4 hours;
5. blanking: above-mentioned strand through the casting after-baking is separated into the fritter blank that meets corresponding abrading-ball forming requirements, and the Gao Jing of blank (wide) is than being between 1.1～2.5;
6. heating: with above-mentioned fritter blank heating to 1140 ℃～900 ℃;
7. forge: the fritter blank that will heat carries out free compression, and paramount footpath (wide) compared less than 1 o'clock, put into swage block progressively forging and molding be the abrading-ball shape;
8. the abrading-ball to forging and molding carries out the heat treatment second time, increases its hardness;
9. the abrading-ball of handling through step " 8. " is carried out outward appearance, tissue, Hardness Surveillance.
The process sequence of described forging and molding is: (a) heating: carry out modification when axis direction length obviously is heated to 1140 ℃～900 ℃ greater than the raw material of other bidimensional length and forge, promptly utilize upset repeatedly to forge on flat anvil, making it be drawn into the cross section vertically is the polygon blank; (b) blanking: above-mentioned polygon blank is decomposed into the fritter blank by forging the volume requirement that calculates blank; Form forging during (c) with above-mentioned fritter blank heating to 1140 ℃～900 ℃, promptly the fritter blank forging of going up heating at shaping swage block (comprising loose tool) is configured as the abrading-ball that diameter meets the requirements; (d) heat treatment: by the purposes requirement with abrading-ball be processed into hardness in HRc40～HRc64 scope, impact toughness is greater than 10 joules/cm
2Satisfy the ball mills that serviceability requires.
Described polygon is 4 to N limit shapes, and N is 2,3,5 multiple.
Described forging after-baking is that to make the abrading-ball tissue morphology be that martensite, troostite, bainite structure are as the criterion to reach, the heat treatment carried out of processing specification routinely.
Casting blank shape before the described blanking is a cylindrical shape.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: in the forging deformation mode is main modification shaping means, improves raw-material as-cast structure defective; Utilize the forging mode that raw material are carried out the high temperature thermoplasticity distortion, progressively broken raw material form when cast form in deformation process thick eutectic carbide and carbide reduce above-mentioned two class carbide segregation ranks and distribute more than the one-level, in matrix more evenly rationally; Hole, crack class defective that seam when casting forms, make the size of this kind defective and quantity obviously reduce, until elimination; The improvement of above-mentioned two class carbide segregations and distribution thereof and hole, crack class casting flaw, raw-material Characteristics of As-cast Structure is obviously changed, make raw material in the process that progressively is configured as product (abrading-ball) with Characteristics of As-cast Structure, its interior tissue form becomes non-complete as-cast structure, until forging attitude tissue, thereby assurance product (abrading-ball) reaches the serviceability standard.It is that ball Φ 25mm～ball Φ 140mm, hardness range are HRc40～HRc64, impact toughness 〉=10 joule/cm that the present invention can make diameter
2Chip index is not more than 0.35%, the abrading-ball of ovality≤3mm.
The specific embodiment
The present invention for a kind of flat-anvils stretching-manufacturing process of novel abrading-ball be a kind of be raw material with the iron-based high-chromium alloy that contains multiple alloying element, utilize casting, forge, a kind of new ball mill that Technology for Heating Processing progressively is shaped hot machining process of abrading-ball, specifically, be a kind of to contain chromium, carbon, molybdenum, vanadium, manganese, silicon, the high chromium high carbon alloy of the iron-based of rare earth and alloying element thereof is as raw material, earlier it is cast as roughly shaped material, in forging process, blank is carried out the high temperature thermoplasticity distortion, progressively improve the as-cast structure and the shape of blank, finally being configured as interior tissue is non-complete as-cast structure, the abrading-ball that profile meets the specification and requires, again after heat treatment, promptly manufacture a kind of grinding ball for ball mill, its step of manufacturing is:
1. raw material is prepared: steel scrap, the pig iron, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, vanadium iron, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, rare earth and alloying element thereof are as raw material;
2. melting: utilize electric furnace that the raw material of preparing is carried out melting, stirring, make it to become uniform, the sufficient iron-based high-chromium alloy molten steel of alloying;
3. molten steel is cast in the mold and condensation is configured as the iron-based high-chromium alloy strand of cylindrical shape, casting blank shape is a cylindrical shape.
4. the described strand of step " 3. " is carried out annealing in process, its heating-up temperature is 800 ℃～1150 ℃, is incubated 1 hour～4 hours;
5. blanking: above-mentioned strand through the casting after-baking is separated into the fritter blank that meets corresponding abrading-ball forming requirements, and the Gao Jing of blank (wide) is than being between 1.1～2.5;
6. heating: axis direction length obviously is heated to 1140 ℃～900 ℃ greater than the raw material of other bidimensional length, carry out the modification forging and molding, promptly on flat anvil, overturn repeatedly and forge, make its high temperature thermoplasticity distortion, progressively broken raw material form when cast form in deformation process thick eutectic carbide and carbide reduce above-mentioned two class carbide segregation ranks and distribute more than the one-level, in matrix more evenly rationally; Hole, crack class defective that seam when casting forms, make the size of this kind defective and quantity obviously reduce, until elimination.It is 4 to N limit shapes that above-mentioned raw material become the cross section along its axial flat-anvils stretching, and N is the polygon blank of 2,3,5 multiple, then above-mentioned polygon blank is decomposed into the fritter blank by forging the volume requirement that calculates blank; With after the fritter blank heating to 1140 ℃～900 ℃, the fritter blank is placed on the ball-cut shape shaping swage block (comprising loose tool) again, is upset as cydariform earlier, forge tumbling again and be configured as the abrading-ball that diameter meets the requirements.By the purposes requirement above-mentioned abrading-ball is forged after-baking at last, to make the abrading-ball tissue morphology be that martensite, troostite, bainite structure are as the criterion to reach, the heat treatment carried out of processing specification routinely.Be processed into hardness in HRc40～HRc64 scope, impact toughness is greater than 10 joules/cm
2, ellipsoid degree 3mm, chip index 0.35%, the ball mills of promptly using performance to meet the demands.Adopt the abrading-ball of above-mentioned technology gained through checking raw-material main alloy species of described iron-based high-chromium alloy and content to be: 7%～20%Cr, 1.8%～2.5%C, 0%～1.5%Mo, 0.5%～1.5%V or .5%～1.5%Si, 0.5%～1.5%Mn, 0%～1%Re, all the other are impurity such as Fe and Determination of Trace Sulfur, phosphorus.
Claims (5)
1. flat-anvils stretching-the manufacturing process of a novel abrading-ball, described flat-anvils stretching-manufacturing process is a kind of to contain chromium, carbon, molybdenum, vanadium, manganese, silicon, the high chromium high carbon alloy of the iron-based of rare earth and alloying element thereof is as raw material, utilize casting, flat-anvils stretching, forge tumbling, a kind of new ball mill that Technology for Heating Processing progressively is shaped hot machining process of abrading-ball, it is characterized in that: earlier raw material are cast as roughly shaped material, in forging process, blank is carried out the high temperature thermoplasticity distortion, progressively improve the as-cast structure of blank, finally being configured as interior tissue is non-complete as-cast structure, the abrading-ball that profile meets the specification and requires, again after heat treatment, promptly manufacture the novel abrading-ball that a kind of ball mill is used, its step of manufacturing is:
1. raw material is prepared: steel scrap, the pig iron, ferrochrome, molybdenum-iron, vanadium iron, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, rare earth and alloy thereof are as raw material;
2. melting: utilize electric furnace that the raw material of preparing is carried out melting, stirring, make it to become uniform, the sufficient iron-based high-chromium alloy molten steel of alloying;
3. molten steel is cast in the mold, and condensation is configured as the iron-based high-chromium alloy strand of cylindrical shape;
4. with 800 ℃～1150 ℃ of strand heating, the casting after annealing is handled in 1 hour～4 hours;
5. blanking: the above-mentioned strand through the casting after-baking is separated into the fritter blank that meets corresponding abrading-ball forming requirements, and the ratio of height to diameter of blank is between 1.1～2.5;
6. heating: with above-mentioned fritter blank heating to 1140 ℃～900 ℃;
7. forge: the fritter blank that will heat carries out free compression, to ratio of height to diameter less than 1 o'clock, put into swage block progressively forging and molding be the abrading-ball shape;
8. the abrading-ball to forging and molding carries out the heat treatment second time, increases its hardness;
9. the abrading-ball of handling through step " 8. " is carried out outward appearance, tissue, Hardness Surveillance.
2. according to the flat-anvils stretching-manufacturing process of the described novel abrading-ball of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the process sequence of described forging and molding is: (a) heating: carry out modification when axis direction length obviously is heated to 1140 ℃～900 ℃ greater than the raw material of other bidimensional length and forge, promptly overturning repeatedly on flat anvil forges, and making it be drawn into the cross section vertically is the polygon blank; (b) blanking: above-mentioned polygon blank is decomposed into the fritter blank by forging the volume requirement that calculates blank; Form forging during (c) with above-mentioned fritter blank heating to 1140 ℃～900 ℃, promptly the fritter blank forging to heating is configured as the abrading-ball that diameter meets the requirements in shaping swage block or loose tool; (d) heat treatment: by the purposes requirement with abrading-ball be processed into hardness in HRc40～HRc64 scope, impact toughness is greater than 10 joules/cm
2Satisfy the ball mills that serviceability requires.
3. according to the flat-anvils stretching-manufacturing process of the described novel abrading-ball of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described polygon is 4 to N limit shapes, and N is 2,3,5 multiple.
4. according to the flat-anvils stretching-manufacturing process of the described novel abrading-ball of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described forging after-baking is that to make the abrading-ball tissue morphology be that martensite, troostite, bainite structure are as the criterion to reach, the heat treatment carried out of processing specification routinely.
5. according to the flat-anvils stretching-manufacturing process of the described novel abrading-ball of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the casting blank shape before the described blanking is a cylindrical shape.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02159510 CN1217755C (en) | 2002-12-30 | 2002-12-30 | Flat hammering and drawing formation method for abrasive ball |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02159510 CN1217755C (en) | 2002-12-30 | 2002-12-30 | Flat hammering and drawing formation method for abrasive ball |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1425518A true CN1425518A (en) | 2003-06-25 |
| CN1217755C CN1217755C (en) | 2005-09-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02159510 Expired - Fee Related CN1217755C (en) | 2002-12-30 | 2002-12-30 | Flat hammering and drawing formation method for abrasive ball |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100406196C (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2008-07-30 | 山东华民铸锻股份有限公司 | Grinding ball production method |
| WO2013041043A1 (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-03-28 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Forging method for high-efficiency closing of porous defects in steel ingots or billets |
-
2002
- 2002-12-30 CN CN 02159510 patent/CN1217755C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100406196C (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2008-07-30 | 山东华民铸锻股份有限公司 | Grinding ball production method |
| WO2013041043A1 (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-03-28 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Forging method for high-efficiency closing of porous defects in steel ingots or billets |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1217755C (en) | 2005-09-07 |
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