CN1420507A - High specific energy super copacitor for vehicle - Google Patents
High specific energy super copacitor for vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN1420507A CN1420507A CN 02132915 CN02132915A CN1420507A CN 1420507 A CN1420507 A CN 1420507A CN 02132915 CN02132915 CN 02132915 CN 02132915 A CN02132915 A CN 02132915A CN 1420507 A CN1420507 A CN 1420507A
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- electrode
- vehicle
- copacitor
- specific energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Abstract
A super capacitor with high specific energy for car is composed of the first electrode made of the material able to store energy based on Faraday procedure or pseudo-capacitance principle, the second electrode made of the material able to store energy based on dual electric layers or pseudo-capacitance principle, electrolyte (organic solution), fluid collector, diaphragm and casing.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of capacitor, particularly a kind of automobile-used ultracapacitor with high-energy-density, long-life and fast charging and discharging performance.
Technical background
The electric motor car industry development presents pure electric vehicle and two kinds of forms of hybrid electric vehicle in recent years in the world, and the development of battery technology is the principal element of the whole electric motor car industry development of restriction up to now all the time.No matter be pure electric vehicle or hybrid electric vehicle, need high power when output in vehicle launch, acceleration, climbing etc., existing all kinds of conventional batteries all can not meet the demands, and high power output has grievous injury to conventional batteries, significantly reduce the life-span of battery.In order to address the above problem, ultracapacitor has appearred in recent years.The energy storage of existing ultracapacitor is based on the electric double layer principle, and two electrodes are symmetrical structure, and the active material of electrode used therein is to be made by the material with carbon element of activation, and the capacitance of a capacitor unit is the inverse of first and second electrode capacitance amounts sum reciprocal.For the capacitor of symmetry, the integral capacitor amount of capacitor equals half of capacitance of one of electrode, and the energy that compares is less.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve the problem that prior art exists, and provides a kind of specific energy that can significantly increase ultracapacitor and fast charging and discharging ability and energy density and power density between battery and capacitor, use or cooperate with battery the high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle of the volume and weight that can reduce electric motor car separately.
This high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle is made up of first electrode and second electrode, electrolyte, collector, barrier film and shell, its special character is the absolute capacitance amount of the absolute capacitance amount of first electrode greater than second electrode, and the electrode material in second electrode is the material by electric double layer principle or pseudo-capacitance principle stored energy, electrode material in first electrode is the material by faraday's process or pseudo-capacitance principle stored energy, and described electrolyte is organic solution.
According to above-mentioned high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle, electrode material is material with carbon element or conducting polymer in second electrode, the electrode material of first electrode is the combination in any of any or above material in valve metal, valve metal oxides, valve metal carbide, the valve metal type nano-sized carbon, and described electrode is immersed in the organic solution.
According to above-mentioned high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle, the absolute capacitance amount of first electrode is 3～6 times of absolute capacitance amount of second electrode.
According to above-mentioned high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle, the combination in any of any in the cellular graphite that said material with carbon element is active carbon, vitreous carbon, active carbon fiber fabrics, carbon gel, high-density graphite, carbon nano-tube, high activity carbonaceous mesophase spherules with high-specific surface area, have nanoaperture or above-mentioned material.
According to above-mentioned high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle, described valve metal is cobalt, nickel, manganese, lead, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, ruthenium, iridium.
According to above-mentioned high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle, the ratio electric capacity of first electrode is greater than the ratio electric capacity of second electrode.
According to above-mentioned high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle, the volume of first electrode is less than or equal to the volume of second electrode.
According to above-mentioned high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle, the quality of first electrode is less than or equal to the quality of second electrode.
According to above-mentioned high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle, solute in the said organic solution is lithium salts or ammonium salt, and said organic solvent is the combination in any of any or described five kinds of solvents in propene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), acetonitrile (AN) or dimethyl carbonate (DMC) or the diethyl carbonate (DEC).
According to above-mentioned high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle, said lithium salts is lithium perchlorate (LiClO
4) or lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF
6) or lithium fluoroborate (LiBF
4) or trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium (LiCF
3SO
3), said ammonium salt is fluoboric acid tetraethyl ammonium (Et
4NBF
4) or fluoboric acid TBuA (Eu
4NBF
4).
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, this high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle since the absolute capacitance amount of first electrode greater than the absolute capacitance amount of second electrode, therefore, if the absolute capacitance amount of one of electrode increases, the integral capacitor amount of capacitor will trend towards having the capacitance of the electrode of small electric capacity so.Compare with symmetrical capacitor, can have the capacitance of twice.Be directly proportional owing to be stored in energy in the capacitor and be with its capacitance, so the energy that doubles capacitor is stored of capacitance also doubles, specific energy also increases.
2, since the ratio electric capacity of first electrode greater than the ratio electric capacity of another electrode.Permission obtains having the electrode than high capacitance under the similar situation of the physical dimension of electrode.
3, because the quality of first electrode is less than or equal to the quality of second electrode, and this allows to reduce the quality of capacitor, increase the specific energy of capacitor.
4,, and use and contain the organic solvent (PC, EC, DMC, DEC, AN or their combination) of lithium salts as organic solution owing to use organic solution as electrolyte.These organic solutions have improved the steady operation potential window and the electrochemical stability of electrolyte, and the energy that capacitor had is directly proportional with the flat power of operating voltage, and therefore using organic electrolyte can significantly improve capacitor energy density.
5, because the capacity of first electrode can be much larger than the capacity of second electrode, like this when discharge, first electrode can be partial discharge, and second electrode of being made by absorbent charcoal material can 100% discharge, its life-span and fast charging and discharging are very capable, and therefore its cycle life of integral capacitor device made and fast charging and discharging ability obtain prolonging.
In sum, the present invention has power density height (greater than 1kW/kg), life-span long (more than 100,000 times) and charging excellent specific properties such as (less than 3 minutes) rapidly, can satisfy electric motor car requirement to power when startup, acceleration, climbing, reduce of the injury of big electric current to battery, prolong the useful life of battery, and can reduce the volume and weight of electric motor car; Can also transient energy be recovered in the ultracapacitor by regeneration brake system simultaneously, improve capacity usage ratio.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is elaborated:
This high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle comprises first electrode (1), second electrode (2), electrolyte (3), collector (4), barrier film (5) and shell (6), each electrode is by collector (4) conduction current, be full of electrolyte (3) between first electrode (1) and second electrode (2), the centre has ionic conductivity barrier film (5) that it is separated, and the capacitance of first electrode (1) is greater than the capacitance of second electrode (2), and the volume of first electrode (1) and quality are less than or equal to the volume and the quality of second electrode (2).
The electrode material of second electrode (2) is by the active carbon with high-specific surface area, vitreous carbon, active carbon fiber fabrics, the carbon gel, high-density graphite, pyrolyzed-polymer matrix and the foam that obtains, carbon nano-tube, the high activity carbonaceous mesophase spherules, have the combination in any of any or above-mentioned material in the cellular graphite of nanoaperture or cough up as poly-arsenic or polythiophene is formed by material one conducting polymer of pseudo-capacitance principle stored energy, electrode material is to be made by the intercalation compound that is immersed in the organic electrolyte with (2) 3 times～6 times of capacitances of second electrode in first electrode (1), its reaction mechanism is determined by faraday's reaction or pseudo-capacitance mechanism, is comprised one of following various materials: cobalt, nickel, manganese, plumbous, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, ruthenium, valve metals such as iridium, valve metal oxides, the combination in any of valve metal carbide or above material.Electrode material is formed first electrode (1) and second electrode (2) with conductive agent, binding agent respectively in described first, second electrode (1), (2), wherein conductive agent content is 2～20% (electrode weight ratios), binder content is 0.5～20% (electrode weight ratio), and surplus is an electrode material.
Make negative pole with active carbon, cobalt acid lithium (LiCoO
2) make positive pole, LiPF
6/ EC+DMC is as electrolyte, electrode prescription such as table 1.As a comparison, provided simultaneously with the capacitor related data with symmetry electrode structure of active carbon as anodal and negative pole.
The capacity of active carbon is generally 30-35mAh/g, LiCoO
2The minimum 140mAh/g that reaches of capacity, LiCoO
2Specific capacity want the specific capacity of specific activity charcoal high about 4～5 times, so capacitor unit that under the situation of identical physical dimension, can obtain having higher capacity, simultaneously the weight of this capacitor will be well below the capacitor of active carbon/active carbon structure, so this capacitor unit has higher specific capacity and higher specific energy.
The capacitor unit performance index are as shown in table 2.
Make negative pole with active carbon, lithium nickelate (LiNiO
2) make positive pole, fluoboric acid TBuA (Eu
4NBF
4)/PC+EC is as electrolyte.The electrode prescription is as table 1.
With embodiment 1, the capacity of active carbon is 30-35mAh/g, LiNiO
2Capacity can reach 140～170mAh/g, LiNiO
2The specific capacity of specific capacity specific activity charcoal want high 4～6 times, therefore this capacitor unit has higher specific capacity and specific energy under the same conditions.The capacitor unit performance index are as shown in table 2.
The difference of the capacitor of explanation is to be used as positive electrode with the electrode that active carbon is made in this example and example 1 and the example 2, and negative pole is made by the oxide of homemade nanoscale intercalation compound such as tungsten, and electrolyte is with example 1 or example 2.
The capacity of the oxide of the tungsten that experiment makes is 120mAh/g, 3 times of being absorbent charcoal material are big, therefore done anodally by active carbon, capacitor unit that the oxide of tungsten makes as negative pole and common active carbon have higher specific capacity and the specific energy of Geng Gao as the symmetrical capacitor of electrode material.
The oxide intercalation compound of tungsten has lower embedding lithium current potential simultaneously, approximate about 0.7V vs.Li/Li
+, the current potential of the relative lithium of active carbon is 3～4.5V, therefore the capacitor of being made by the oxide electrode of activated carbon electrodes and tungsten has higher output voltage, is about 3V.Square being directly proportional of the energy that capacitor had and voltage, therefore use this structure capacitor can greatly improve the energy and the energy density of capacitor.Its performance index are as shown in table 2.
Table 1 electrode is formed
| Structure | Anodal | Negative pole | Positive and negative electrode active material mass ratio | Conductive agent | Binding agent |
| Comparison electrode | Active carbon | | 1∶1 | ||
| Example 1 | ?LiCO 2+(78％) | Active carbon (78%) | 1∶4 | Acetylene black 2% | PVDF +NMP (20％) |
| Example 2 | ?LiNiO 2(79.5％) | Active carbon (79.5%) | 1∶4 | Acetylene black 20% | PVDF +NMP (0.5％) |
| Example 3 | Active carbon 80% | The oxide of tungsten (80%) | 4∶1 | 10％ | 10％ |
Capacitor performance index contrast under table 2 the same terms
| Structure | Capacity (F) | Specific energy (Wh/kg) |
| Comparison electrode | ????400 | ????1.63 |
| Example 1 | ????830 | ????4.54 |
| Example 2 | ????920 | ????5.68 |
| Example 3 | ????860 | ????8.27 |
Table 1 " PVDF " is a Kynoar, is the N-methyl pyrrolidone in " NMP ".
By above-mentioned data as seen, ultracapacitor for equal volume, after adopting the structure of this high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle proposition, capacity increases to 800-900F by 400F, and capacity has increased more than 2 times, after adopting the structure of this patent proposition simultaneously, capacitor weight obviously reduces, and its specific energy is greatly improved, further reduced volume when being applied in the electric motor car, reduce weight, make its application in electric motor car have prospect.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle, form by first electrode and second electrode, electrolyte, collector, barrier film and shell, it is characterized in that: the absolute capacitance amount of first electrode is greater than the absolute capacitance amount of second electrode, and electrode material is by making by the material of electric double layer principle or pseudo-capacitance principle stored energy in second electrode, electrode material is by making by the material of faraday's process or pseudo-capacitance principle stored energy in first electrode, and described electrolyte is organic solution.
2, according to the described high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle of claim 1, it is characterized in that: electrode material is made up of material with carbon element or conducting polymer in second electrode, electrode material is made of the combination in any of any or above material in valve metal, valve metal oxides, valve metal carbon compound, the valve metal type nano-sized carbon in first electrode, and described electrode is immersed in the organic solution.
3, according to claim 1 or 2 described high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle, it is characterized in that: the absolute capacitance amount of first electrode is 3～6 times of absolute capacitance amount of second electrode.
4, according to the described high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the combination in any of any in the cellular graphite that said material with carbon element is active carbon, vitreous carbon, active carbon fiber fabrics, carbon gel, high-density graphite, carbon nano-tube, high activity carbonaceous mesophase spherules with high-specific surface area, have nanoaperture or above-mentioned material.
5, according to the described high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle of claim 2, it is characterized in that: described valve metal is cobalt, nickel, manganese, lead, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, ruthenium, iridium.
6, according to claim 1 or 2 described high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle, it is characterized in that: the ratio electric capacity of first electrode is greater than the ratio electric capacity of second electrode.
7,, it is characterized in that the volume of first electrode is less than or equal to the volume of second electrode according to claim 1 or 2 described high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle.
8, according to claim 1 or 2 described high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle, it is characterized in that: the quality of first electrode is less than or equal to the quality of second electrode.
9, according to claim 1 or 2 described high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle, it is characterized in that: the solute in the said organic solution is lithium salts or ammonium salt, and said organic solvent is the combination in any of any or described five kinds of solvents in propene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), acetonitrile (AN) or dimethyl carbonate (DMC) or the diethyl carbonate (DEC).
10, according to the described high specific energy super copacitor for vehicle of claim 9, it is characterized in that: said lithium salts is lithium perchlorate (LiClO
4) or lithium hexafluoro phosphate (LiPF
6) or lithium fluoroborate (LiBF
4) or trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium (LiCF
3SO
3), said ammonium salt is fluoboric acid tetraethyl ammonium (Et
4NBF
4) or fluoboric acid TBuA (Eu
4NBF
4).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02132915 CN1420507A (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2002-09-12 | High specific energy super copacitor for vehicle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02132915 CN1420507A (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2002-09-12 | High specific energy super copacitor for vehicle |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1420507A true CN1420507A (en) | 2003-05-28 |
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ID=4746986
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02132915 Pending CN1420507A (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2002-09-12 | High specific energy super copacitor for vehicle |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102157271A (en) * | 2011-01-10 | 2011-08-17 | 复旦大学 | Super capacitor |
| US8420258B2 (en) | 2008-02-25 | 2013-04-16 | Ronald Anthony Rojeski | High capacity electrodes |
| CN103515108A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-15 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Electrochemical capacitor and preparing method of active mesocarbon microbeads |
| CN105365794A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-03-02 | 河南工程学院 | Vehicle brake energy recovery device based on electroactive polymer |
| CN105416254A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-03-23 | 河南工程学院 | Automobile brake energy recovery device based on piezoelectric ceramics |
| CN109903995A (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2019-06-18 | 快帽系统公司 | High temperature energy storage device |
| CN111322915A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-23 | 融硅思创(北京)科技有限公司 | Energy storage and discharge module for digital electronic detonator |
-
2002
- 2002-09-12 CN CN 02132915 patent/CN1420507A/en active Pending
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8420258B2 (en) | 2008-02-25 | 2013-04-16 | Ronald Anthony Rojeski | High capacity electrodes |
| US8652683B2 (en) | 2008-02-25 | 2014-02-18 | Catalyst Power Technologies, Inc. | High capacity electrodes |
| US8658310B2 (en) | 2008-02-25 | 2014-02-25 | Catalyst Power Technologies, Inc. | High capacity electrodes |
| CN102157271A (en) * | 2011-01-10 | 2011-08-17 | 复旦大学 | Super capacitor |
| CN109903995A (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2019-06-18 | 快帽系统公司 | High temperature energy storage device |
| CN109903995B (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2021-09-28 | 快帽系统公司 | High temperature energy storage device |
| CN103515108A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2014-01-15 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Electrochemical capacitor and preparing method of active mesocarbon microbeads |
| CN103515108B (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2017-11-28 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | The preparation method of electrochemical capacitor and active MCMB |
| CN105416254A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-03-23 | 河南工程学院 | Automobile brake energy recovery device based on piezoelectric ceramics |
| CN105416254B (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2018-09-28 | 河南工程学院 | Automotive braking energy recovering device based on piezoelectric ceramics |
| CN105365794B (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2018-06-15 | 河南工程学院 | Automotive braking energy recovering device based on electroactive polymer |
| CN105365794A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-03-02 | 河南工程学院 | Vehicle brake energy recovery device based on electroactive polymer |
| CN111322915A (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2020-06-23 | 融硅思创(北京)科技有限公司 | Energy storage and discharge module for digital electronic detonator |
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