CN1419770A - Method for signaling the start of a logical channel in a jointly used physical transmission channel of a radio communication system - Google Patents
Method for signaling the start of a logical channel in a jointly used physical transmission channel of a radio communication system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/24—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts
- H04B7/26—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile
- H04B7/2643—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile using time-division multiple access [TDMA]
- H04B7/2653—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field for communication between two or more posts at least one of which is mobile using time-division multiple access [TDMA] for logical channel control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/18—Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for signaling the start of a logical channel in a jointly used physical transmission channel of a radio communications system according to which the start is signaled by means of a phase relation between the logical channel and another transmission channel.
Description
The present invention relates in the commonly used physical transmission channel of wireless communication system, send the method that logic channel begins signaling.
In wireless communication system, for example in second generation Europe mobile radio system GSM (global system for mobile communications), information (for example voice, image information or other data) is transmitted through wave point with electromagnetic wave.Wave point relates to being connected between a base station and the several users platform, and wherein subscriber board can be the radio station of travelling carriage or fixed-site.At this, the carrier frequency that electromagnetic emission use is positioned at for the frequency band of relevant system defined carries out.To the wireless communication system in future, for example UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) or other system of the third generation, assigned frequency is in the frequency band of about 2000MHz.For third generation mobile radio telecommunications has been stipulated two kinds of patterns, a kind of pattern is called FDD working method (Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD)) and another kind of pattern is called TDD working method (time division duplex).In the frequency band that these patterns are applied to have nothing in common with each other.Two kinds of patterns are supported a kind of so-called CDMA customer separating method (code division multiple access).
According to CATT in 1998 " the TD-SCDMA Radio Transmission Technology that is used for IMT-2000 ", draft V.0.4, a kind of suggestion to third generation mobile radio system is based on the above-mentioned tdd mode of supporting the CDMA customer separating method.By adopting the CDMA customer separating method, can handle the transmission block that a plurality of subscriber boards are sent in a time slot by a base station parallel ground, this transmission block is made up of a data part and a known training sequence usually.Must guarantee for this reason described transmission block and especially corresponding training sequence certain the time arrive the place, base station in the window detect reliably and separate different signals so that guarantee.At the known stationary problem that can appear at the signal transmission in the up direction in based on the wireless communication system of CDMA equally.
The tdd mode of described TD-SCDMA system and UMTS mobile radio system has shared used physical transmission channel, be so-called P-CCPCH (main shared control physical channel), for example turn up the soil at interval with the form of logic channel in this channel sends a for example common signaling channel BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel) and so-called calling channel PCH (calling channel) with organizational information on time.In the wave point of being constructed in time frame and the so-called superframe of upper level, described logic channel also interweaves on the time frame of some in addition.The time frame that interweaves that is this quantity of logic channel has below also adopted notion " interlacing frames ".For BCCH and PCH, described interleave depth is 4 frames for example.
If receive which time frame that the subscriber board of described logic channel does not know will receive just the described logic channel that interweaves, just can produce following shortcoming so.Subscriber board must adopt a kind of beginning that technology (Try and Error-Technik) is determined interlacing frames of attempting and make mistakes on the one hand.In this case, if the demodulation of so-called CRC check failure, then subscriber board must be based on interlacing frames another begin or the beginning that badly receives based on the quilt of an interlacing frames.This has just reduced reliability and speed that logic channel detects unfriendly.In addition, subscriber board also must often detect and belong to the time frame of an imperfect interlacing frames, and abandons this time frame once more.This has increased energy consumption and time before receiving complete interlacing frames unfriendly.
For fear of above-mentioned shortcoming, from the angle of subscriber board following some be what be worth to pursue:
-subscriber board can detect the beginning of interlacing frames,
-subscriber board can be obtained the position of time frame in interlacing frames of current reception, and
-subscriber board can detect the position of interlacing frames in superframe.
For above-mentioned second point, subscriber board can be 4 and when for example detecting second time frame at interleave depth, does not consider to continue to detect still also default time frame.
For thirdly above-mentioned, subscriber board for example can on purpose detect certain logic channel.In described TD-SCDMA system, a superframe is made up of 48 time frames.Two interlacing frames that have 4 BCCH time frames respectively in this superframe, have for example been arranged.If subscriber board only wants to detect BCCH, then it can on purpose suppress the detection to the PCH that is sent in another time frame.
Task of the present invention provides a kind of method, and it can realize sending reliably the signaling that logic channel begins.The method of the feature of this task by having claim 1 and the base station system by claim 17 solve.Favourable expansion scheme of the present invention can be obtained by dependent claims.
Now by accompanying drawing sets forth in detail several embodiments of the present invention.Wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of wireless communication system,
Fig. 2 shows the frame structure schematic diagram of the wave point with TD-SCDMA customer separating method,
Fig. 3 shows the partial view of frame structure shown in Figure 2, and
Fig. 4 shows the schematic illustrations of radio block coding,
Fig. 5 is a form 1,
Fig. 6 is a form 2,
Fig. 7 is a form 3.
Fig. 1 shows the part of mobile radio system, with the embodiment as wireless communication system architecture.Mobile radio system always comprises many mobile station MSC (mobile switching centre), they belong to a switching network (SSS switching subsystem), and be interconnected to the inlet that net and foundation enter fixed network, also comprise one or more base station system BSS that are connected with these mobile stations MSC (BSS base station sub-system) separately.Base station system BSS has at least one device RNC that is used to distribute the wireless technology resource (RNC radio network controller) again and at least one is attached thereto the base station NB (NB Node B) that connects respectively.
Base station NB can set up the connection of leading to subscriber board UE (UE-subscriber equipment) through wave point.Each base station NB constitutes at least one wireless area Z.The size of wireless area Z generally depends on the operating distance of the common signaling channel of being launched with constant separately transmitting power by base station NB (BCCH Broadcast Control Channel).Wait other logical signaling channel in a used physical transmission channel P-CCPCH, to send such as calling channel PCH, notification channel (NCH) or admission confirm channel (AGCH) with described signaling channel BCCH with being separated.In addition, in a pilot channel, send some pilot tone synchronizing sequences, to be used to that the time base of subscriber board UE and base station NB is carried out synchronously by base station NB.
Be divided in the cell structure sector or in layering, each base station NB also can manage a plurality of wireless area Z.Functional can being migrated of this structure can be used on the wireless communication system of the present invention therein.
The embodiment of Fig. 1 shows a subscriber board UE who is arranged in the wireless area Z of base station NB.Subscriber board UE has set up one and has led to communicating to connect of base station NB, realizes that at up direction UL and down direction DL the signal of selected business transmits on this connects.Spreading code by distributing to one or more subscriber board UE from wireless area Z, set up concurrently communicate to connect isolate respectively and communicate to connect, wherein, in order to receive the signal that communicates to connect of oneself, subscriber board UE has utilized all or the current spreading code that is distributed of a part separately according to known associated detecting method in wireless area Z.
The frame structure of the wireless transmission in the TD-SCDMA mobile radio system tdd mode as seen from Figure 2.This wave point is implemented as a kind of wave point of broadband, and it has the time frame time delay (each UTRA time frame has two time frames thus) of frequency band B=1.6MHz (being three frequency bands of every 5MHz thus), 5ms, the length that is used for communication channel is 7 time slot ts of 675 μ s and user's partition method of having used 16 different spreading code c0-c15.
Shown in the TDD transmission method in, the frequency band B of up direction UL is consistent with the frequency band B of down direction DL.Other carrier frequency is repeated same situation.Carry out variable distribution by time slot ts, can carry out diversified asymmetric resource allocation upstream or downstream direction UL, DL.Part time slot td0...tdn correspondingly is used for the signal transmission of down direction DL, and remaining time slot tu0...tum is used to the signal transmission of up direction UL.Parameter n, m and also have switching point SP can be ad hoc to mate with current needs thus wherein always are fit to concern n+m+2=7.After being used for the first time slot td0 of down direction DL, in time followed by a guard time that is used for separated transmission direction DL and UL, shown in switching point SP.
Described guard time is the down direction pilot time slot DPTS of 75 μ s by a length; a length is the guard time GP of 75 μ s; and up direction pilot time slot UPTS composition that length is 125 μ s; described pilot time slot DPTS is used to send the synchronizing sequence of distinguishing by one group of so-called gold code; described guard time GP is used for switching between the transmitting and receiving in the NB of base station, and described pilot time slot UPTS is used for launching synchronizing sequence in the signaling of freely selecting to be sent on the access channel RACH subsequently communicating to connect to set up when attempting to utilize by user UE.Reuse one group of gold code in order in this access procedure, to distinguish a plurality of subscriber board UE.
In time slot ts, will transmit the information of a plurality of connections with the form of radio block.Data d connects exclusively with a kind of fine structure, also promptly expands with spreading code c0, c1...cn, makes and can separate for example n connection by this CDMA (code division multiple access) component at receiver side.The expansion of each symbol of data d causes Q chip that time delay is Tc of transmission in symbol time delay Tsym.This moment, Q chip constituted the spreading code c that connects special use.In radio block, also inserted in addition the channel estimating that a channel measurement sequence tseq is used for receiver side.Radio block utilizes guard time gp to finish respectively.
The parametric optimization that wave point adopted of above-mentioned TD-SCDMA system is:
Spreading rate: 1.28M chip/s
Frame time delay: 5ms
Timeslot number: 7
Time slot time delay: 675 μ s
Spreading factor: 1-16
Bandwidth: 1.6MHz
These parameters have realized the best as far as possible coordination with UTRA TDD and FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD)) pattern and known GSM mobile radio system.
Begin signaling, be used to send the time frame position signaling in the interlacing frames or be used to send methods such as interlacing frames position signaling in the superframe for the time frame that is used to send in the interlacing frames of the present invention, they are based on the phase modulated of the pilot channel " Pilot (pilot tone) " in the down direction pilot time slot DPTS.For this reason, for example utilize intermediate sequence described commonly used physical transmission channel P-CCPCH, that be also referred to as training sequence tseq to be used as being used to determining the reference value that differs according to the present invention.This channel is had individual advantage as reference value, and promptly it sends in each time frame fr, and described intermediate sequence always corresponding to described in wireless area the first order derivative of employed intermediate sequence basic code.This self is known to user UE.In addition, shown in Fig. 2 and 3, described P-CCPCH always sends in being used for the last time slot td0 of down direction DL, makes minimum range a between the center of the synchronizing sequence sync can provide the center that is positioned at intermediate sequence tseq0 and pilot channel " Pilot ".In the TD-SCDMA system, between intermediate sequence tseq0 and synchronizing sequence sync is 393.75 μ s or 31.5 symbols for example apart from a, and determines that according to employed detection algorithm the time changes and the effect of frequency shift (FS).
In order to detect the modulation of pilot channel " Pilot ", can use different algorithms, several algorithms of being introduced below wherein are different aspect complexity and reliability.
In first kind of algorithm, detect the intermediate sequence of P-CCPCH and the zone around the DPTS.In the channel estimating window of P-CCPCH, carry out channel estimating subsequently.Be utilized as that the channel impulse response that known united detection processing adopts-Processing Algorithm is analyzed the strongest channel pulse sampling afterwards.Detect the content (utilizing channel impulse response to carry out convolutional encoding) of DPTS and the output signal of the described matched filter of demodulation by so-called matched filter subsequently.
In further algorithm, for example:
-determine frequency shift (FS) by described intermediate sequence seq0 and/or synchronizing sequence sync,
-utilize the information of frequency tracking algorithm to remove frequency shift (FS), this can be performed during detecting P-CCPCH and be used for dual check,
-utilize adaptive equilibrium to upgrade channel impulse response, wherein the channel impulse response in the end of P-CCPCH radio block is considered and is used for determining the modulation of pilot channel " Pilot ", and
-carry out channel estimating by the symbol that uses last detected P-CCPCH.
Next introduce different signaling strategy of the present invention.
For the 4PSK modulation that is used for DPTS, can each time frame send the signaling of two bits.These two bits are enough for the position signaling in the interlacing frames for for example sending current time frame.Is necessary more than a time frame for sending the out of Memory signaling.
According to first embodiment of the inventive method, in each time frame, send the position signaling of current time frame in interlacing frames.In this case, according to example table shown in Figure 51, give one to differ with respect to certain of former determined phase place and to distribute frame number when corresponding.Described differing for example obtained in each time frame.
In this embodiment, be used to obtain position in the interlacing frames, need to detect minimum the time number of frames be 1.In order for example to obtain the position of a BCCH time frame in a superframe of forming by 48 time frames, must detect 4 time frames at least.
Preferably, directly the time frame position in the interlacing frames is encoded in the method, only after detecting a DPTS, just can determine described position.For during receiving interlacing frames, carrying out dual check, can carry out further step.For strong frequency shift (FS) situation, the first and the 3rd time frame to interlacing frames carries out differential coding under the possible ambiguity situation not existing, and utilizes dual ambiguity that the second and the 4th time frame is encoded.
According to second embodiment of the inventive method, difference ground sends the beginning signaling of interlacing frames in the first and the 3rd time frame of interlacing frames, and directly sends the position signaling in the superframe in the first and the 3rd time frame of interlacing frames.
For just sending the situation that interlacing frames begins signaling to difference, can utilize described direct signaling for example to provide the beginning of next BCCH interlacing frames.In 12 interlacing frames of a superframe, described P-CCPCH for example has two equidistant BCCH interlacing frames.Below using in the form 2 of Fig. 6 given scheme send the beginning signaling of next BCCH interlacing frames.In this case, define the phase place of first time frame of described interlacing frames according to described rule.
In this embodiment, the phase place that is positioned at the 3rd time frame of described interlacing frames will go out 90 ° greatly.First time frame in the interlacing frames by with respect to former time frame phase place 0 or+phase quadrature characterizes.The 3rd time frame in the interlacing frames correspondingly characterizes by-90 ° differ.For detecting the situation that phase shift is 225 ° or 315 °, subscriber board can be determined first time frames in two or four time frames, and obtains this interlacing frames subsequently and whether relate to a BCCH, or ensuing first interlacing frames is corresponding to BCCH.
Be used for determining that the need of interlacing frames position detect when minimum that number of frames is 2～3 in the method.Be used for determining that the need of BCCH interlacing frames detect when minimum that number of frames correspondingly is 2～4.
Except the above-mentioned advantage of above-mentioned first embodiment, can also preferably utilize ambiguity to send the position signaling of interlacing frames in the method.
According to the 3rd embodiment of the inventive method, directly send beginning signaling and its position signaling in superframe of interlacing frames.In this embodiment, for example reserve the beginning that 45 ° phase place identifies interlacing frames.For other time frame of this interlacing frames, 135 °, 225 ° and 315 ° positions that only are used to determine in the superframe of respective phase.For fear of the detection mistake between 45 ° of symbols and other symbol, other phase place four-tuple has 225 ° of symbols as much as possible.Differ by 180 ° thus and produce clear and definite distribution.Near the BCCH interlacing frames, just use 225 ° of many more symbols more.This relation is shown in the form among Fig. 73.
Analyze four phase places (phase place four-tuple) of an interlacing frames in order to determine the position in the superframe.Length at superframe is under the situation of 48 time frames, can distinguish 12 interlacing frames that have 4 time frames respectively thus.
Number of frames is 1～3 in this embodiment when determining that position in the interlacing frames needs detection minimum.For BCCH shown in obtaining and described superframe need to detect minimum the time number of frames be 3～4.
Preferably, except the above-mentioned advantage of said method, can be advantageously interlacing frames be begun to carry out direct coding by this method of the present invention.In addition, only in four time frames, send the time structure of described superframe with signaling.Described rule and employed phase place four-tuple can be optimized as follows, promptly also can be detected the position in the superframe by the differential decoding of four or five continuous DPTS under the situation of big frequency displacement.When detecting under worse transmission conditions, this embodiment can realize detecting reliably superframe.
Following situation may occur under the difference transmission conditions, promptly subscriber board can not be discerned described BCCH or other logic channel clearly, because a plurality of logic channel is mapped on the shared used physical transmission channel P-CCPCH.Therefore in this known GSM mobile radio system, described BCCH sends signaling by synchronous channel SCH.In described TD-SCDMA system, do not set this channel.This information implicitly is present among described the differing.
For example BCCH is detected reliably in order under bad status transmission, to realize, insert a status indicator f (sign) for the uncoded radio block of described logic channel, this designator can be made up of one or more bits or symbol, so that distinguish different logic channels.At this, the binary condition of this status indicator f has defined and has related to which logic channel.
By following in-band signalling, can realize that correct logic channel detects at the status indicator f that Fig. 4 told about.Therefore the method that differs of above-mentioned employing can be used without a moment's thought, because always obtain described differing with reference to correct channel when detecting.
Fig. 4 shows according to the present invention and has expanded a status indicator f to radio block.Constitute such as have the radio block of 184 bits or data symbol d by encoder in the first step 1.Insert the bit that another is used for status indicator f for this radio block in second step 2.According to the 3rd step 3 of example, insert a CRC check and (cyclic redundancy check (CRC)) for the described radio block that is expanded by block encoding, and carry out convolutional encoding at the 4th step 4 pairs of described radio blocks at last.
Therefore, described status indicator f is dual support for the transmission through wave point, and can be detected reliably.The binary condition 1 of status indicator f for example can characterize described BCCH, and other logic channel can characterize by binary condition 0.When using a plurality of bit, also can distinguish other logic channel for described status indicator.
Claims (17)
1. the commonly used physical transmission channel (P-CCPCH) that is used at wireless communication system sends the method that logic channel (BCCH) begins signaling, wherein,
Send described beginning signaling by the phase relation that is positioned between described logic channel (BCCH) and other transmission channel (Pilot).
2. by the process of claim 1 wherein,
Send described beginning signaling by being positioned at differing between described logic channel (BCCH) and described other transmission channel (Pilot).
3. press the method for a last claim, wherein,
The phase modulation of the symbol by described other transmission channel (Pilot) sends described beginning signaling.
4. press the method for a last claim, wherein,
The phase place of described logic channel (BCCH) is used as determines the described reference that differs.
5. press the method for a last claim, wherein,
Described logic channel (BCCH) transmits in described commonly used physical transmission channel (P-CCPCH) by a plurality of time frames (fr) with interweaving.
6. press the method for a last claim, wherein,
The logic channel (PCH) of transmission at least one other in described commonly used physical transmission channel (P-CCPCH).
7. press the method for a last claim, wherein,
Be sent out in a plurality of time frames (fr) of described logic channel (BCCH) in the superframe of forming by a plurality of time frames (fr).
8. press the method for a last claim, wherein,
Define the position of corresponding time frame (fr) in the described time frame that interweaves (fr) that is used for logic channel (BCCH) by described phase relation.
9. press the method for one of claim 1 to 7, wherein,
Send the starting position signaling of the described time frame that interweaves (fr) in superframe by described phase relation.
10. press the method for a last claim, wherein,
Phase relation by difference defines the position of corresponding time frame (fr) in the described time frame that interweaves (fr) that is used for logic channel (BCCH).
11. by the method for one of claim 1 to 7, wherein,
Respective constellation by a plurality of phase relations defines position and described interlacing frames (fr) the starting position superframe in of corresponding time frame (fr) in the described time frame that interweaves (fr) that is used for logic channel (BCCH).
12. by the method for a last claim, wherein,
Described logic channel (BCCH) can be distinguished by individual status indicator (f) and at least one other logic channel (PCH) are arranged.
13. by the method for a last claim, wherein,
By at least one frequency band (B) be connected with one special-purpose spreading code (c) define a used physical transmission channel (P-CCPCH, Pilot).
14. by the method for a last claim, wherein,
In addition also by time slot (ts) define a used physical transmission channel (P-CCPCH, Pilot).
15. by the method for claim 6 or 7, wherein,
Organize the wave point of described wireless communication system according to time division duplexing method.
16. by the method for a last claim, wherein,
Carry out described signal transmission in a base station (NB) to the down direction (UL) of at least one subscriber board (UE) from described wireless communication system.
17. be used to implement the base station system of the wireless communication system of method (BSS) according to claim 1.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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|---|---|---|---|
| DE10015041A DE10015041C2 (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2000-03-27 | Method for signaling the start of a logical channel in a shared physical transmission channel of a radio communication system and device for carrying out the method |
| DE10015041.1 | 2000-03-27 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1419770A true CN1419770A (en) | 2003-05-21 |
| CN1163040C CN1163040C (en) | 2004-08-18 |
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| CNB018073336A Expired - Lifetime CN1163040C (en) | 2000-03-27 | 2001-03-27 | Method for signaling the start of a logical channel in a jointly used physical transmission channel of a radio communication system |
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| KR (1) | KR100524537B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1163040C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10015041C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001074021A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100450310C (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2009-01-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for shortening telecommunication cut-in time |
| CN1783752B (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2011-01-05 | 上海宣普实业有限公司 | Method for obtaining broadcast information position in time-division duplex mobile communication system |
| CN1783751B (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2011-10-19 | 上海宣普实业有限公司 | Method for obtaining broadcast information position in time-division duplex mobile communication system |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1336310B1 (en) | 2000-11-14 | 2010-02-10 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for identifying asset location in mobile communication networks |
| DE10057497A1 (en) * | 2000-11-20 | 2002-05-29 | Siemens Ag | Method for signaling the temporal positioning of one or more broadcast channels in a UMTS radio communication system according to the 1.28 Mcps TDD mode and associated UMTS radio communication system |
| US20030123426A1 (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2003-07-03 | Bysted Tommy Kristensen | Uplink access control |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2206768A (en) * | 1987-06-30 | 1989-01-11 | Zbyshek Gorzynski | Data transmission by concurrent relative phase coding in multiple spectral carriers |
| DE3735377A1 (en) * | 1987-10-19 | 1989-04-27 | Siemens Ag | Method for synchronizing a time-division multiplex system for a transmission of packets of uniform length |
| DE19822276A1 (en) * | 1998-05-18 | 1999-12-09 | Siemens Ag | Method and base station for signal transmission in an organizational channel of a radio communication system |
| US6473506B1 (en) * | 1998-10-13 | 2002-10-29 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Signaling using phase rotation techniques in a digital communications system |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1783752B (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2011-01-05 | 上海宣普实业有限公司 | Method for obtaining broadcast information position in time-division duplex mobile communication system |
| CN1783751B (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2011-10-19 | 上海宣普实业有限公司 | Method for obtaining broadcast information position in time-division duplex mobile communication system |
| CN100450310C (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2009-01-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method for shortening telecommunication cut-in time |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10015041C2 (en) | 2002-08-01 |
| WO2001074021A1 (en) | 2001-10-04 |
| DE10015041A1 (en) | 2001-10-18 |
| CN1163040C (en) | 2004-08-18 |
| KR20020088407A (en) | 2002-11-27 |
| KR100524537B1 (en) | 2005-10-31 |
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