CN1416992A - Heat pipe-type spot welding electrode - Google Patents
Heat pipe-type spot welding electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN1416992A CN1416992A CN 01132489 CN01132489A CN1416992A CN 1416992 A CN1416992 A CN 1416992A CN 01132489 CN01132489 CN 01132489 CN 01132489 A CN01132489 A CN 01132489A CN 1416992 A CN1416992 A CN 1416992A
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Abstract
The heat pipe-type spot welding electrode consists of tail, end and main part, and is characterized by that the main part is one metal pipe and all the parts are combined to form on sealed vacuum cavity with heat pipe working medium and wick. Theoretically, the electrode is a complete heat pipe. When the electrode works the end generating heat becomes the heat source and evaporating zone of the heat pipe, the other parts constitute the condensation zone, and heat is transferred in between to cool the electrode. The tail may be heat sinked by installing heat dissipating fin, air cooled or water cooled. The electrode has less copper material consumption, reliable cooling and stable working temperature.
Description
Technical field of the present invention belongs to the welding of materials processing technology, is a kind of heat pipe-type spot welding electrode specifically.
Spot-wedling electrode is the strength member of mash welder, because in spot weld operation, its end face directly contacts with the surface of the work of high temperature, bears high temperature and high pressure continuously, repeatedly.Therefore, adhesion, alloying and distortion are the problems that should consider emphatically in the electrode design.For this problem, people have carried out long-term and have effectively studied, and studies have shown that: the affinity between electrode and the workpiece material is the main cause of adhesion and alloying; Non-deformability depends on the intensity and the hardness of electrode.Though we can adopt the material of high strength and high rigidity to make electrode, electrode heating at work will influence the intensity and the hardness of these materials greatly.
In order to solve the heat radiation cooling problem of electrode, the way that adopts mainly is now: 1, end even all reasonable copper alloy manufacturing of electrode employing heat conductivility; 2, the termination is designed to the taper that drift angle is 120 degree, is beneficial to the heat radiation of end face; 3, the main body of electrode is made the hollow shape inner chamber, and logical therein recirculated water and cooling off.These methods have all obtained certain effect in actual applications.
Angle from thermal conduction study, heat produces from end face (with workpiece) contact-making surface, these heats at first will pass through the cross section of end to main direction transmission and diffusion in the mode of conduction from this surface, according to heat transfer theory, the heat that is conducted: 1, the thermal conductivity factor of the material that adopts with this end is directly proportional.Should adopt the high metal-copper alloy of thermal conductivity factor.If yet entire electrode all adopts copper alloy, its cost is just than higher.2, be directly proportional with the cross-sectional area of this end.Should guarantee that there is certain cross-sectional area the end, yet this area is big, the material of use is also just many certainly, simultaneously, also is subjected to the restriction of bulk in the practical application, and can not does too greatly.3, be inversely proportional to the distance (heat transfer time) of heat generating spot to the heat radiation point.Even adopt the high material of thermal conductivity factor in other words, the cooling of also will dispelling the heat as soon as possible, distance is far away more, and heat just is not easy to transmit in the past more.4, with heat generating spot and heat radiation point between the temperature difference (thermograde) be directly proportional.Generally speaking, the temperature of heat generating spot is constant substantially, improve this temperature difference and just have only the temperature that reduces the heat radiation point.The method of temperature that reduces the heat radiation point has two: the one, and the expansion area of dissipation, the 2nd, carry out mandatory cooling at the heat radiation point, blow, adopt recirculated water cooling etc. as adopting blower fan.
In 3 ways that the said people in front have taked, all related to the basic principle of these thermal conduction study, but also in these 3 ways weak point has been arranged respectively as can be seen.That is: the area of dissipation of material cost height, heat transfer distances length, heat radiation point is little, temperature can not guarantee etc., though the water flowing cooling can reduce the temperature of heat radiation point, but water circulation is to need additional many pipelines and equipment, and recirculated water must handle through softening, otherwise can fouling.This has just brought the complexity, the trouble on the operation and maintenance of equipment thereupon, has also increased many destabilizing factors that influence the equipment operate as normal.
The present invention's purpose just is to overcome the deficiency of above technology, and provides that a kind of heat transfer rate is fast, heat radiation point temperature is low and stable, area of dissipation can be expanded, duty is more stable and relatively save the heat pipe-type spot welding electrode of Cu alloy material.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of heat pipe-type spot welding electrode, form by afterbody (1), end (2), main body (3), it is characterized in that: main body (3) is a metal tube, after it and afterbody (1), end (2) Combination Welding, form a cavity K, and this cavity K is airtight, as to be in a vacuum state space, and heat-pipe working medium (4) and imbibition core (5) are housed in the cavity K.Such electrode according to heat pipe theory, is exactly a complete heat pipe, and in this heat pipe, afterbody (1) is the upper cover of heat pipe; End (2) is the low head of heat pipe; Main body (3) is the shell of heat pipe; Cavity K is the inner chamber of heat pipe; The imbibition core (5) of heat-pipe working medium (4) and heat pipe is housed in the heat pipe inner chamber.When this electrode work, the thermal source of its end face heating-Here it is heat pipe, heat is delivered to the evaporator section of end-heat pipe, make the heat-pipe working medium heat absorption vaporization in the heat pipe, working substance steam flows to the condensation segment of the afterbody-heat pipe of electrode rapidly by the bore passages of heat pipe, simultaneously also heat has been taken to the condensation segment of the afterbody-heat pipe of electrode, and here heat has been distributed---the method for heat radiation can be self cooling by the outer surface (installing radiating fin additional) of original outer surface of electrode or expansion, also can add mandatory air-cooled or water-cooled.The gaseous state heat-pipe working medium that loses heat condenses into liquid, these liquid heat-pipe working mediums rely on the capillary force of gravity or imbibition core to turn back to the evaporator section of end-heat pipe, thereby enter the evaporation-condensation thermodynamic cycle of a new round, also just constantly the heat of heat generating spot is delivered to the heat radiation point, makes electrode obtain cooling.Thereby realize purpose of the present invention.
According to heat pipe theory, when electrode was worked, if its end horizontal height is lower than the level height of its afterbody, this heat pipe can adopt gravity assisted heat pipe and gravity auxiliary heat pipe, and the inner chamber of heat pipe can not be provided with or be provided with less the imbibition core.Not so, then the imbibition core must or be set all.
Because the softening temperature of the general spot-wedling electrode material that adopts is (as: Cu-ETF is that 160 ℃, CuCdI are that 250 ℃, CuZrNb are that 500 ℃, CuCrl are that 475 ℃, CuCrZr are that 550 ℃, CuCrZrNb are that 575 ℃, CuCo2Be are that 475 ℃, CuNi2Si are that 500 ℃, CuCo2CrSi are 600 ℃ etc.) more than 160 ℃, so heat-pipe working medium can just adopt the medium that is solid-state, liquid state or gaseous state under the normal temperature according to the temperature of electrode.
In order to make electrode carry out good cooperation and to be connected with other parts (as holder, cooling attachment etc.), so top at electrode, be on the later external wall of upper portion of afterbody (1) and main body (2) combination, can be shaped on the pin thread that connects usefulness, also can make and to match and the cone that is connected with other parts.
Adopt the present invention will obtain following effect:
1, only need use copper alloy, and high strength, high rigidity, cheap material can be used in other position, as red copper, brass, steel etc. in the end of electrode.Thereby save expensive copper alloy, reduce cost.
2, the speed of adopting heat pipes for heat transfer can reach copper tens of so that thousands of times, and heat transfer rate is fast, heat generating spot is short to the heat transfer distances between the heat radiation point, the temperature difference is big and the temperature of heat radiation point is more stable, thereby makes the cooling of electrode guaranteed.As: adopt ammonia as heat-pipe working medium, electrode heat radiation point temperature is at 0～50 ℃; Adopt water, then at 100～250 ℃; Adopt naphthalene, then at 150～400 ℃, or the like.
3, the type of cooling can diversified, simplification.Promptly can adopt self cooling, mandatory air-cooled or water-cooled by means of the outer surface (installing radiating fin additional) of expansion electrode.And such water-cooling pattern do not need complicated auxiliary equipment, is not afraid of fouling yet, is difficult for taking place seepage yet.
4, owing to the development of hot pipe technique, the manufacturing process of heat pipe is ripe, and quality is also more stable.
5, be particularly suitable for long and thick electrode.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described further.
Fig. 1 is that afterbody is the structural representation (half sectional view) of the normal electrode (being straight electrode) of screw thread among the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that afterbody is the structural representation (half sectional view) of the normal electrode (being straight electrode) of cone among the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that afterbody is the structural representation (half sectional view) of the common cranked electrode of cone among the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the cutaway view in A-A cross section among Fig. 3.
By Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 as seen, afterbody (1) is that a metal plectane, main body (3) are that then make with copper alloy a metal tube, end (2).After afterbody (1), end (2) and main body (3) Combination Welding, just formed a cavity K in the assembly, and this cavity K is airtight, as to be in a vacuum state space, heat-pipe working medium (4) and imbibition core (5) are housed in the cavity K.Like this, according to heat pipe theory, the structure of a this standard straight electrode is exactly a typical straight-bar shape heat pipe.That is: this standard straight electrode is a complete electrode, is again a complete heat pipe.The corresponding one by one relation of each several part in the electrode and heat pipe each several part is: the afterbody of electrode (1) is the upper cover of heat pipe; The end of electrode (2) is the low head of heat pipe; The main body of electrode (3) is the shell of heat pipe; The cavity K of electrode is the inner chamber of heat pipe; The imbibition core (5) of heat-pipe working medium (4) and heat pipe is housed in the heat pipe inner chamber.When this electrode work, the thermal source of its end face heating-Here it is heat pipe, heat is delivered to the evaporator section of end (2)-heat pipe, make heat-pipe working medium (4) the heat absorption vaporization in the heat pipe, working substance steam flows to other the position-main bodys (3) of electrode and the condensation segment of afterbody (1)-heat pipe rapidly by the bore passages of heat pipe, simultaneously also heat has been taken to these places, and here heat has been distributed---the method for heat radiation can be self cooling by the outer surface (installing radiating fin additional) of these local original outer surfaces or expansion, also can add mandatory air-cooled or water-cooled.The gaseous state heat-pipe working medium that loses heat condenses into liquid, these liquid heat-pipe working mediums rely on the capillary force of gravity or imbibition core (5) to turn back to the evaporator section of end-heat pipe, thereby enter the evaporation-condensation thermodynamic cycle of a new round, also just constantly the heat of heat generating spot is delivered to the heat radiation point, makes electrode obtain cooling.
Clearly, the heat radiation of electrode cooling position comprises outer surface, main body and the afterbody of end.Simultaneously, operating temperature according to heat pipe distributes, from the upper surface of end, until main body and afterbody, (isothermal of heat pipe) that equate that their temperature is basic, that is to say that electrode is when conducting heat, only having only this segment distance of end upper and lower surface is to conduct heat by the heat of metal, other then all are main phase-change heat transfers by heat-pipe working medium, so heat conducting distance shortens greatly, thermograde improves greatly, and is very favourable to the heat radiation cooling of electrode.Why this just only need adopt copper alloy in the end, and can adopt the reason of other metals at other positions.
Cooperate and the general fashion that is connected with other parts (as holder, cooling attachment etc.) according to electrode, top at electrode, be on the later external wall of upper portion of afterbody (1) and main body (3) combination, can be shaped on the pin thread (Fig. 1) that connects usefulness, also can make and to match and the cone that is connected (Fig. 2) with other parts.From electrode tradition connected mode, adopt the commonplace of cone, and from the angle of adopting heat pipes for heat transfer, adopt the mode that is threaded should be more better.Because when adopting the mode that is threaded to connect cooling attachment, contact area between the two is bigger and tight, helps conducting heat.
In most of the cases, electrode is in when work, and the mounting means of electrode is an afterbody in last, end down, and promptly the end of heating is lower than the afterbody that dispels the heat.The equally high and end situation higher than afterbody in position seldom appears.According to heat pipe theory, when electrode is worked, if the level height of the end of its heating (thermal source of heat pipe) is lower than the level height of the afterbody (heat of heat pipe is converged) of its heat radiation, then this heat pipe can adopt gravity assisted heat pipe and gravity auxiliary heat pipe, and the inner chamber of heat pipe can not be provided with or be provided with less the imbibition core.Such heat pipe cost is low, good heat-transfer, be easy to make.Not so, then the imbibition core must or be set all.
For the material that this electrode adopted, because the softening temperature of the general spot-wedling electrode material that adopts is (as: Cu-ETF is that 160 ℃, CuCdI are that 250 ℃, CuZrNb are that 500 ℃, CuCrl are that 475 ℃, CuCrZr are that 550 ℃, CuCrZrNb are that 575 ℃, CuCo2Be are that 475 ℃, CuNi2Si are that 500 ℃, CuCo2CrSi are 600 ℃ etc.) more than 160 ℃, so heat-pipe working medium can just adopt the medium that is solid-state, liquid state or gaseous state under the normal temperature according to the temperature of electrode.
For example: the softening temperature of Cu-ETF red copper is 160 ℃, its price comparison is low, if it is adopted in the end of electrode, then can reduce cost greatly, at this time, heat-pipe working medium should adopt low boiling point working medium, as ammonia, acetone, methyl alcohol, the evaporator section temperature of heat pipe is fixed on about 50 ℃, the highlyest be no more than 100 ℃.If adopt water as heat-pipe working medium, then might make the temperature of evaporator section reach 150～250 ℃, for this situation, only the condensation segment at heat pipe carries out Forced water cooling but, and the temperature of evaporator section is remained on about 100 ℃.Certainly, if adopted other Cu alloy materials, because their softening temperature is all more than 250 ℃, so can adopt the working medium of water as heat pipe here.Simultaneously, because the high more then price of softening temperature of material is expensive more, say that again the temperature of electrode should be low more good more, the intensity of the low more then material of temperature and hardness are also just high more.So in actual applications, be solid-state heat-pipe working medium (as sodium, potassium etc.) under the normal temperature that the heat pipe-type electrode does not generally adopt, although their heat transfer coefficient is high especially, but their start-up temperature and normal working temperature are also all quite high, are unfavorable for making electrode to remain under the lower temperature and work.
In order to save the copper alloy of price comparison costliness, in this heat pipe-type electrode, only need adopt copper alloy in the end of electrode, high strength, high rigidity, cheap material can be adopted in other positions, as red copper, brass, steel etc.Thereby save expensive copper alloy, reduce cost.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are a kind of schematic diagrames of heat pipe-type bending electrode, and the cavity shape complexity of its structure more complicated, particularly its heat pipe needs branch to process for several sections in the mill, piecemeal combination then.But its operation principle is the same with straight electrode.Illustrate that the present invention not only is applicable to the standard straight electrode, also be applicable to other gap weld electrodes.
Because the Heat Transfer of Heat Pipe on Heat Pipe mode is a phase-change heat transfer, heat transfer rate is exceedingly fast, so the length of electrode is minimum to the influence of conducting heat, on the contrary along with the increase of electrode length, its area of dissipation increases, and helps at distance electrode tip contact-making surface local surcharge cooling device far away.This just means that it is particularly suitable for being applied to long electrode.Simultaneously, according to heat pipe theory, its heat output is directly proportional with the cross-sectional area of its inner chamber steam channel, so it also is particularly suitable for being applied to the bigger thick electrode of diameter.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of heat pipe-type spot welding electrode, form by afterbody (1), end (2), main body (3), it is characterized in that: main body (3) is a metal tube, after it and afterbody (1), end (2) Combination Welding, form a cavity K, and this cavity K is airtight, as to be in a vacuum state space, and heat-pipe working medium (4) and imbibition core (5) are housed in the cavity K.
2, according to the said electrode of claim 1, it is characterized in that: said imbibition core (5) can be arranged on the whole inwalls of cavity K, also can be arranged on the part inwall of cavity K.
3, according to the said electrode of claim 1, it is characterized in that: said heat-pipe working medium (4) can just adopt the medium that is solid-state, liquid state or gaseous state under the normal temperature according to the temperature of electrode.
4, according to the said electrode of claim 1, it is characterized in that: said afterbody (1) can be shaped on the screw thread (6) that is connected usefulness with the outer wall that main body (3) makes up later top, also can make and can match and the cone that is connected with other parts.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01132489 CN1416992A (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2001-10-31 | Heat pipe-type spot welding electrode |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01132489 CN1416992A (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2001-10-31 | Heat pipe-type spot welding electrode |
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| CN1416992A true CN1416992A (en) | 2003-05-14 |
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| CN 01132489 Pending CN1416992A (en) | 2001-10-31 | 2001-10-31 | Heat pipe-type spot welding electrode |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110280883A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-09-27 | 江苏诺森特电子科技有限公司 | A kind of method of multistage thermal compression welding |
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2001
- 2001-10-31 CN CN 01132489 patent/CN1416992A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110280883A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-09-27 | 江苏诺森特电子科技有限公司 | A kind of method of multistage thermal compression welding |
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