CN213278007U

CN213278007U - X-ray tube with positive pole forced cooling structure and cooling pipeline structure

Info

Publication number: CN213278007U
Application number: CN202022479127.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 任翔; 卓琳; 苗祥月; 王奇志
Original assignee: First Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security; Beijing Zhongdun Anmin Analysis Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: First Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security; Beijing Zhongdun Anmin Analysis Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-10-29
Filing date: 2020-10-29
Publication date: 2021-05-25
Anticipated expiration: 2030-10-29

Abstract

The utility model discloses an X-ray tube with an anode forced cooling structure and a cooling pipeline structure, which comprises a cathode, a tube shell, an anode, a radiator and a cooling pipeline, wherein the anode comprises an anode cap, an anode target, a target head and a target body; one end of the main pipeline of the cooling pipeline is communicated with the inlet end of the outlet fixed end plate; the number of the sub-pipelines is multiple, and one end of the target head is provided with bottom holes the number and arrangement of which are consistent with those of the sub-pipelines; one end of each sub-pipeline is communicated with the main pipeline, and the other end of each sub-pipeline extends into the bottom hole at the corresponding position in a matching manner; the outlet fixing end plate is provided with a plurality of outlet end through holes; the outlet fixing end plate is fixed on the outer end face of the radiator, the outer end face of the radiator is provided with a through hole, the aperture of the through hole is larger than the diameter of the target body inner cavity and is communicated with the target body inner cavity, and the through hole corresponds to the position of the outlet end through hole. The utility model discloses can improve the radiating efficiency by a wide margin, guarantee very effectual reduction operating temperature when the lifting power, guarantee long-time continuous operation's stability.

Description

X-ray tube with positive pole forced cooling structure and cooling pipeline structure

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a X-ray tube technical field, concretely relates to X-ray tube with positive pole forced cooling structure and cooling pipeline structure.

Background

When the X-ray tube is operated, only about 1% of the energy of the electron beam is converted into X-rays, and the remaining 99% is converted into heat energy to be deposited on the anode, which causes the temperature of the anode to rise sharply. The heat energy is mainly concentrated on the target part (anode target and adjacent anode body) of the anode receiving the electron beam bombardment, and is equivalent to a heat source. When the temperature exceeds the bearing capacity of the anode, the vacuum degree of the X-ray tube is rapidly reduced, and the pressure resistance is rapidly reduced, so that the operation is completely failed. Therefore, how to reduce the anode temperature is always one of the important points in the design and manufacture of the X-ray tube.

At present, the demand of high voltage X-ray tubes (250 kV or more) is mainly focused on two application fields: safety inspection and industrial inspection. The working modes of the two are obviously different: the field of safety inspection adopts a real-time scanning type continuous working mode; the industrial flaw detection field adopts an intermittent pulse working mode. The former has a more severe requirement on continuous power than the latter, i.e. when the device is continuously operated for a long time, phenomena such as sparking and micro-discharge which seriously affect the image quality are required to be avoided or seldom occur. The latter has higher absolute power requirements, even several times higher than the former, because of the pursuit of higher image quality, but has less high continuous power requirements. But the current trends in both areas are consistent, i.e. higher and higher power is more and more required.

The increasing power necessarily results in a higher anode temperature. The conventional cooling method is natural cooling or air cooling, and mainly dissipates heat of a radiator or the whole of the X-ray tube. But is far from sufficient for such high voltage high power tube types. Therefore, the direct and targeted forced cooling of the anode, especially the target part of the anode, is a more excellent and effective heat dissipation method.

In the current anode forced cooling technology, a forced cooling system is arranged at a position close to an anode target or a cooling pipeline is formed, and then water or oil is used as cooling liquid for cooling. The most common technique is to open a cavity in the anode body to a depth close to the anode target. Then a pipe (usually metal) is inserted, which together with the cavity of the anode body forms the pipe for the inlet and outlet of the cooling fluid. Because the anode body is provided with only one cavity, the cooling pipeline extending into the anode target position is only one injection port. This structure is relatively simple and straightforward to implement, and although it provides a cooling effect, the contact area between the coolant and the anode target is limited, and the heat exchange area is insufficient.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims at providing a X-ray tube with positive pole forced cooling structure and cooling pipeline structure, can improve the radiating efficiency by a wide margin, guarantee very effectual reduction operating temperature when lifting power, guarantee long-time continuous operation's stability.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

an X-ray tube with anode forced cooling structure and cooling pipeline structure comprises a cathode, a tube shell, an anode and a radiator; the cathode is arranged in the tube shell; one end of the anode is arranged in the tube shell, and the other end of the anode is positioned outside the tube shell; the radiator is fixed with the other end of the anode; the anode comprises an anode cap, an anode target, a target head and a target body, wherein one end of the target head is fixed in an inner cavity at the other end of the target body, the anode cap is arranged at the other end of the target head and is connected with the target body, and the anode target is embedded at the other end of the target head through vacuum casting; the cooling pipeline comprises a main pipeline, a sub pipeline and an outlet fixing end plate; one end of the main pipeline is communicated with the inlet end of the outlet fixed end plate; the number of the sub-pipelines is multiple, and one end of the target head is provided with bottom holes the number and arrangement of which are consistent with those of the sub-pipelines; one end of each sub-pipeline is communicated with the main pipeline, and the other end of each sub-pipeline extends into the bottom hole at the corresponding position in a matching manner; the outlet fixing end plate is provided with a plurality of outlet end through holes; the outlet fixing end plate is fixed on the outer end face of the radiator, the outer end face of the radiator is provided with a through hole, the aperture of the through hole is larger than the diameter of the target body inner cavity and is communicated with the target body inner cavity, and the through hole corresponds to the position of the outlet end through hole.

Furthermore, the included angle between the end face formed by arranging one end of all the bottom holes of the target head close to the anode target and the end face formed by arranging the other end of all the sub-pipelines and the target surface of the anode target is less than 5 degrees.

Furthermore, the target surface of the anode target is inclined, and the end surface formed by arranging one end of all the bottom holes of the target head close to the anode target and the end surface formed by arranging the other end of all the sub-pipelines are inclined.

Further, the pipe diameter of the main pipeline is larger than that of the sub pipelines.

Furthermore, the tube shell is made of glass.

Furthermore, the vertical distance between the end face formed by arranging one end of all the bottom holes of the target head close to the anode target and the target surface of the anode target is 10-12 mm.

The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that: the anode forced cooling structure and the cooling pipeline structure adopted by the utility model can greatly increase the heat exchange area of the anode target part and effectively reduce the temperature of the target surface. And simultaneously, the utility model discloses in accomplish the input of coolant liquid through a main line and many sub-pipelines to realize the output of coolant liquid through the exit end through-hole on the fixed end plate of export, the structure is succinct, and the vacuum seal position is few.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an overall structure of an X-ray tube according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an assembled structure of an anode, a radiator and a cooling pipe in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a target head in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a cooling pipeline in embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of the overall structure of an X-ray tube according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that the present embodiment is based on the technical solution, and the detailed embodiments and the specific operation processes are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment.

Example 1

The embodiment provides an X-ray tube with an anode forced cooling structure and a cooling pipeline structure, which is mainly applied to the field of safety inspection. As shown in fig. 1, the X-ray tube includes a cathode 204, a tube shell 205 (made of glass in this embodiment), an anode 201, a heat sink 203, and a cooling pipeline 202; the cathode 204 is disposed within the envelope 205; one end of the anode 201 is arranged in the tube shell 205, and the other end is positioned outside the tube shell; the radiator 203 is fixed with the other end of the anode 201, one end of the cooling pipeline 202 extends into the anode 201, and the other end passes through the radiator 203 to be communicated with the outside. Specifically, the cathode 204 and the anode 201 are packaged in the tube shell 205, high vacuum in the tube shell is realized through a vacuum exhaust process, and the heat radiator 203 is arranged at the other end of the anode outside the tube shell through a thermal expansion method or a press fit method. The part inside the tube shell 205 is a high vacuum environment, which requires strict vacuum tightness, but the part outside the tube shell does not necessarily require a vacuum environment, which includes the anode 201 disposed at the other end outside the tube shell 205, the heat sink 203 and the cooling pipe 202.

Fig. 2 is a detailed assembled sectional view of the anode, the radiator and the cooling pipe. The anode comprises an anode cap 307, an anode target 306, a target head 301 and a target body 302, wherein one end of the target head 301 is fixed in the inner cavity of the other end of the target body 302, the anode cap 307 is covered on the other end of the target head 301 and is connected with the target body 302, and the anode target 306 is embedded in the other end of the target head 301; one end of the target head 301 is provided with a bottom hole 3011, one end of the cooling pipeline 202 passes through the inner cavity of the target body 302 and passes through the heat sink 203 to extend to the outside, and the other end of the cooling pipeline extends into the bottom hole 3011. The bottom hole 3011 of the target head 301 and the target body 302 form a cavity for accommodating the cooling pipeline 202. The anode target 306 is embedded in the target head 301 by vacuum casting. The anode cap 307, target head 301 and target body 302 are hermetically connected by vacuum welding.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the target and fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the cooling circuit. As shown in fig. 4, the cooling pipe includes a main pipe 501, a sub-pipe 502, and an outlet fixed end plate 503; one end of the main pipeline 501 is communicated with an inlet end 504 of an outlet fixed end plate 503; the number of the sub-pipelines 502 is multiple, and one end of the target head 301 is provided with bottom holes 3011 the number and arrangement of which are consistent with those of the sub-pipelines 502; one end of each sub-pipeline 502 is communicated with the main pipeline 501, and the other end of each sub-pipeline extends into the bottom hole 3011 at the corresponding position in a matching manner; the end surfaces formed by arranging the other ends of all the sub-pipelines 502 are parallel or nearly parallel to the target surface of the anode target 306; the outlet fixed end plate 503 is provided with a plurality of outlet end through holes 505; the outlet fixing end plate 503 is fixed on the outer end face of the heat sink 203 by screws, the outer end face of the heat sink 203 is provided with a through hole with a diameter larger than the diameter of the target body inner cavity, and the through hole corresponds to the outlet end through hole 505 in position, so that the cooling liquid can flow out of the outlet end through hole 505; in this embodiment, the main pipe 501, the sub-pipe 502 and the outlet fixing end plate 503 are integrally connected by welding or firmly adhering.

In this embodiment, since the target surface of the anode target 306 is inclined, the depth of the bottom holes 3011 in each row of the target head 301 is different, and the height of the sub-pipes 502 in each row is different, but the depth of the bottom holes 3011 in the same row is the same, and the height of the sub-pipes 502 in the same row is the same. The height of each sub-pipe 502 is identical to the hole depth of the corresponding through hole 3011. The vertical distance between the end face formed by arranging one end of all the bottom holes of the target head 301 close to the anode target 306 and the target surface of the anode target 306 is about 10-12 mm, and the distance can play a good cooling role for the anode target and also ensures the vacuum tightness of the position. The end face formed by arranging one end of the bottom hole of all the target heads 301 close to the anode target 306 and the end face formed by arranging the other end of all the sub-pipelines 502 are inclined and approximately parallel to the target surface of the anode target 306, and the included angle is less than 5 degrees.

In this embodiment, the pipe diameter of the main pipe 501 is larger than that of the sub-pipe 502.

The working principle of the X-ray tube with the anode forced cooling structure and the cooling pipeline structure is as follows: in operation, coolant is injected into the main conduit 501 from the inlet end 504 of the outlet stationary end plate 503, first divided into the individual sub-conduits 502, and then injected into the individual rows of bottom holes 3011 of the target head 301. Because the founding of anode target is to the target in, consequently the anode target can conduct the heat to the target after being heated, and the coolant liquid cools off the part that target 301 is closest to anode target 306, thereby can make and produce the difference in temperature between target 301 and the anode target 306 and carry out the heat exchange, and the in-process that cools off is carried out the target to the coolant liquid continuously, and this kind of heat exchange also can be carried out correspondingly to the realization is to the cooling effect of anode target. Then in the process that the cooling liquid flows out from the target head 301, the rest parts of the target head 301 and the target body 302 are cooled, and the cooling liquid after heat exchange finally flows out towards the direction of the radiator through the inner cavity of the target body 302 and flows out to the outside through the outlet end through hole of the outlet fixing end plate.

Because the target head is of a porous structure, compared with the prior art, the heat exchange area between the target head and the anode target part can be greatly increased, and the part is the hottest place when the whole X-ray tube works, so that the target head is a more superior and more effective cooling structure.

Example 2

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, and mainly differs from embodiment 1 in that, as shown in fig. 5, the tube shell 205 in this embodiment is in a wave shape, so that the operating voltage of the X-ray tube is increased to 300kV, the tube operating current is 1.5mA, and the power is 450W, and is applied to the field of safety inspection.

Various corresponding changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art according to the above technical solutions and concepts, and all such changes and modifications should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An X-ray tube with anode forced cooling structure and cooling pipeline structure comprises a cathode, a tube shell, an anode and a radiator; the cathode is arranged in the tube shell; one end of the anode is arranged in the tube shell, and the other end of the anode is positioned outside the tube shell; the radiator is fixed with the other end of the anode; the anode comprises an anode cap, an anode target, a target head and a target body, wherein one end of the target head is fixed in an inner cavity at the other end of the target body, the anode cap is arranged at the other end of the target head and is connected with the target body, and the anode target is embedded at the other end of the target head through vacuum casting; the device is characterized by also comprising a cooling pipeline, wherein the cooling pipeline comprises a main pipeline, a sub pipeline and an outlet fixing end plate; one end of the main pipeline is communicated with the inlet end of the outlet fixed end plate; the number of the sub-pipelines is multiple, and one end of the target head is provided with bottom holes the number and arrangement of which are consistent with those of the sub-pipelines; one end of each sub-pipeline is communicated with the main pipeline, and the other end of each sub-pipeline extends into the bottom hole at the corresponding position in a matching manner; the outlet fixing end plate is provided with a plurality of outlet end through holes; the outlet fixing end plate is fixed on the outer end face of the radiator, the outer end face of the radiator is provided with a through hole, the aperture of the through hole is larger than the diameter of the target body inner cavity and is communicated with the target body inner cavity, and the through hole corresponds to the position of the outlet end through hole.

2. The X-ray tube having a structure for forced cooling of anode and a structure for cooling channel as claimed in claim 1, wherein all the bottom holes of the target head have an end face formed by arranging one end close to the anode target and an end face formed by arranging the other end of all the sub-channels, which are included at an angle of less than 5 ° with the target surface of the anode target.

3. The X-ray tube having a structure for forcibly cooling an anode and a structure for cooling a cooling channel as claimed in claim 2, wherein the target surface of the anode target is inclined, and the end surfaces of all the bottom holes of the target head adjacent to one end of the anode target and the other end of all the sub-channels are inclined.

4. The X-ray tube having an anode forced cooling structure and a cooling tube structure according to claim 1, wherein a tube diameter of the main tube is larger than a tube diameter of the sub tube.

5. The X-ray tube having a structure for forcibly cooling an anode and a structure for cooling a tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein the envelope is made of a glass material.

6. The X-ray tube having a structure for forcibly cooling an anode and a structure for cooling a tube according to claim 1, wherein all the bottom holes of the target head have an end face formed by arranging the end faces close to the end face of the anode target at a vertical distance of 10 to 12mm from the target face of the anode target.