CN1413792A - Active compound gradient separation diffusion welding method for titanium aluminium base alloy and steel - Google Patents

Active compound gradient separation diffusion welding method for titanium aluminium base alloy and steel Download PDF

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CN1413792A
CN1413792A CN 02133239 CN02133239A CN1413792A CN 1413792 A CN1413792 A CN 1413792A CN 02133239 CN02133239 CN 02133239 CN 02133239 A CN02133239 A CN 02133239A CN 1413792 A CN1413792 A CN 1413792A
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steel
base alloy
aluminium base
titanium
active compound
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CN1238150C (en
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冯吉才
何鹏
钱乙余
张九海
张秉刚
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Harbin Institute of Technology
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Abstract

An isolated diffusion welding method for TiAl-base alloy and steel features that the metallic foil with 10-100 microns in thickness is added between the TiAl-base alloy and steel and after the metal surfaces are physically and chemically cleaned, they are welded in a thermal vacuum welder under a certain condition. Its advantage is high weld strength up to 400 MPa.

Description

A kind of active compound gradient separation diffusion welding method of titanium aluminium base alloy and steel
Technical field: the welding method that the present invention relates to titanium aluminium base alloy and steel.
Background technology: along with development of modern science and technology, people have proposed more and more higher requirement to the performance of material.At present, no matter be from economy or from the angle of usability, homogenous material has been difficult to satisfy the demand of modern production technology to the material combination property, the welding of new material and foreign material has become the forward position and the pillar of new technology.Titanium aluminium base alloy has that density is little (to be about 3.8g/cm 3), advantage such as specific strength height, good rigidly, good high-temperature mechanical property and non-oxidizability, be considered to a kind of Aeronautics and Astronautics desirable, that be rich in development prospect, military affairs and civilian new type high temperature structural material.Undertaken by the extensive of titanium aluminium base alloy research work, defective such as the room temperature ductility of its former existence is low, pyroplastic deformation ability and the above oxidation resistance deficiency of 1123K has obtained corresponding solution to a certain extent.Titanium aluminium base alloy is used on engineering, makes member, must run into Welding Problems, comprise himself welding and with the welding of other material,, be the most normal technical problem that runs in the practical application especially with the welding of metal.Along with the high-techization of modern war, the high materialization of the product for civilian use and weapons technology growing had higher requirement to the engine turbine material such as tank, guided missile, supersonic plane, airship and sedan limousine.The charging turbine of new work engine not only requires the operating temperature height, and rotating speed is very high, adopt the high temperature alloy manufacturing at present, density is big, thereby to bear very big centrifugal force, thus cause the charging turbine blade that fatigue fracture easily takes place, inertia is bigger when rotating at a high speed owing to turbine simultaneously, feasible startup, termination low-response, mobility is poor.Adopt the titanium aluminium base alloy manufacturing that density is little, high-temperature behavior is good, be expected to make the weight of turbine to reduce over half, so not only significantly reduced because the chance of the fatigue fracture of the turbo blade that centrifugal force caused, and can significantly reduce the wearing and tearing of rotating shaft and axle sleeve, improve the reliability and the service life of engine, make parts stresses such as bearing, support improve simultaneously, thereby make whole engine structure optimization.But the Welding Problems that in manufacture process, has titanium aluminium base alloy and steel.Because solder technology does not pass a test, and has limited the application of titanium aluminium base alloy on important components such as engine greatly.Titanium aluminium base alloy and the bigger material of steel attribute energy difference, because of the crystal structure difference of material, mutual meltage was very little under two kinds of materials were solid-state, therefore very easily generated the intermetallic compound and the carbide of fragility in the boundary zone, thus the reduction property of welded joint.The key that addresses this problem is how effectively to suppress and to control kind, quantity, form and the distribution of fragility phase in the boundary layer.Therefore the successful solution titanium aluminium base alloy and the Welding Problems of steel reach the formation mechanism of analyzing adapter in depth, the analog spread welding process has very big practical significance and very far-reaching theory significance to the Development of Welding Technology that promotes titanium aluminium base alloy practicability and other relevant new material.The Diffusion Welding technology generally is meant, soldered surface through retrofit closely is close together, under certain temperature and pressure, diffuseing to form metallic bond between the contact interface atom mutually engages, almost not distortion in the welding process, be a kind of welding method of precision, reliable welding quality.But be directed to the welding of titanium aluminium base alloy and steel, because its physical property and chemical property difference are bigger, Diffusion Welding between the two is relatively poor, particularly the generation of interfacial brittle TiC layer makes joint performance significantly worsen, joint is all disrumpent feelings between TiC layer or TiC layer and decarburized layer, even at best Diffusion Welding condition (T=1223K, t=0.6ks, P=20MPa) under, maximum intensity also only is 160～180MPa.
Summary of the invention: in order to solve the deficiency that prior art exists, the invention provides a kind of active compound gradient separation diffusion welding method of titanium aluminium base alloy and steel, be used for improving the weld strength of titanium aluminium base alloy and steel, to adapt to higher level needs.The present invention as the active compound gradient separation layer that welds between titanium aluminium base alloy and the steel, to metal surface carries out physics and soak cleaning before the weldering with metal forming, the weldment that clamps placed in the heating power vacuum welding machine, and be 1.3 * 10 in vacuum -5～1 * 10 -4Torr, welding pressure are 10～40MPa, welding 10～30min when welding temperature is 1200～1350K.Welding finishes to remove pressure when weldment is cooled to 373K under former vacuum condition, when cooling to room temperature, takes out weldment.Foregoing metal forming is pure titanium foil, nickel foil, vanadium paper tinsel, Copper Foil, niobium paper tinsel, and wherein the thickness of pure titanium foil is that 30～50 μ m, nickel foil thickness are that 30～100 μ m, vanadium paper tinsel thickness are that 30～100 μ m, copper thickness are that 10～50 μ m, niobium paper tinsel thickness are 30～100 μ m.Described physics cleaning is with 400 #, 500 #, 600 #, 800 #, 1000 #Abrasive paper for metallograph polishes step by step.Described soak cleaning is: the mordant of steel adopts HNO 3With the mixed liquor of HCl, ratio is 1: 3, and pickle is prepared in 24 hours before use, and pickling temperature is a room temperature, and the pickling time is 10～40 seconds; The mordant of titanium is 5%HF, and at room temperature cleaned 5～15 seconds: vanadium, niobium and copper are at 30～70%HNO 3Cleaned in the solution 5～10 seconds.The described weldment that clamps is to have clamped metal forming between titanium aluminium base alloy and steel, and it clamps order and is respectively titanium aluminium base alloy, pure titanium foil, nickel foil, steel; Titanium aluminium base alloy, pure titanium foil, vanadium paper tinsel, Copper Foil, steel; Titanium aluminium base alloy, pure titanium foil, niobium paper tinsel, Copper Foil, steel.Active compound gradient separation layer of the present invention adopts methods such as plating or the direct adding of metal forming to place in the composition surface of two workpiece to be welded, mode of heating adopts eddy-current heating, radiation heating, LASER HEATING, electron beam heating etc., and the object of application comprises that the bigger heterogeneous material diffusion welding of various performance differences connects.
Be directed to the Diffusion Welding of titanium aluminium base alloy and steel, active compound gradient separation Diffusion Welding prescription and technology that the present invention proposes, compare with the direct diffusion welding method of routine, strength of joint can be brought up to 400MPa, approaching with the intensity of titanium aluminium base alloy mother metal, can satisfy the needs of practical application, the reliability of joint also strengthens greatly, the yield rate height.
The specific embodiment one: present embodiment adopts titanium/nickel active compound gradient separation layer Diffusion Welding titanium aluminium base alloy and steel, and the Diffusion Welding material is respectively titanium aluminium base alloy (Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb), 40Cr steel (40CrA), pure titanium (TA 2), its chemical composition, physical property and mechanical performance are shown in table 1, table 2, and titanium aluminium base alloy is the cylinder of φ 30mm * 30mm and the interfacing part of 10 * 5 * 30mm steel, and the active compound gradient separation layer adopts pure titanium foil, and thickness is that 30～35 μ m, nickel foil are thick
The chemical composition of table 1 test material (at%)
???Al ???Ni ???Cr ???Nb ???Ti ???V ???Fe ???Si ???C ????N ???O ???Mn ???S ????P ???Cu
??TiAl ??47.2 ??1.17 ??0.56 ??0.11 ??51.0 ??- ??- ??- ??- ??- ??- ??- ??- ???- ??-
??TC4 ??5.50 ??- ??- ??- ??base ??4.50 ??0.30 ??0.15 ??0.10 ??0.05 ??0.15 ??- ??- ???- ??-
??Ti ??- ??- ??- ??- ??base ??- ??0.30 ??0.15 ??0.10 ??0.05 ??0.20 ??- ??- ???- ??-
??40Cr ??- ??0.18 ??0.95 ??- ??- ??- ??base ??0.27 ??0.40 ??- ??- ??0.65 ??0.01 ???0.01 ??-
??Ni ??- ??base ??- ??- ??- ??- ??0.005 ??- ??0.003 ??- ??- ??- ??- ???- ??0.003
??V ??0.02 ??- ??0.03 ??- ??- ??base ??- ??0.01 ??0.004 ??0.005 ??0.004 ??- ??- ???- ??0.02
??Cu ??- ??- ??- ??- ??0.001 ??- ??0.003 ??0.001 ??- ??- ??0.035 ??- ??0.001 ???- ??base
The physics of table 2 test material and mechanical performance
Physical property Mechanical performance
Density g/cm 3 Thermal coefficient of expansion 10 -6/K Elastic modulus G Pa Fusing point K Poisson's ratio ???σ b???MPa ???σ s???MPa ??δ 5??％
??TiAl ???3.76 ???10.8 ????176 ??1733 ??0.30 ???480 ???450 ???3
??TC4 ???4.45 ???7.9 ????97 ??1873 ??0.34 ???910 ???810 ???17
??Ti ???4.51 ???8.4 ????94 ??1913 ??0.40 ???450 ???270 ???42
??40Cr ???7.82 ???14.2 ????211 ??1673 ??0.29 ???937 ???789 ???15
??Ni ???8.91 ???13.3 ????205 ??1726 ??0.30 ???450 ???405 ???30
??V ???6.12 ???8.3 ????132 ??2175 ??- ???536 ???452 ???39
??Cu ???8.89 ???17.3 ????108 ??1357 ??0.35 ???221 ???69 ???50
Degree is 30～100 μ m, and best 60 μ m adopt resistance heated Gleeble-1500 type heat/power simulation test machine and radiation heating vacuum diffusion welding machine or vacuum dielectric heating oven.Firing equipment all adopts the oil pressure pressurization, and the operating room can charge into protective gas, also can be evacuated vacuum 1.3 * 10 by vacuum system -5～1 * 10 -4But Torr, each technological parameter programme-control of welding process and manually control.Soldered surface is with 400 #, 500 #, 600 #, 800 #, 1000 #Abrasive paper for metallograph polishes step by step.Consider that the actual metal surface exists complicated adsorption layer and oxide-film, influence welding quality, carry out soak cleaning again for the surface of above-mentioned polishing, remove metal surface adsorption layer and oxide-film, the mordant of steel adopts HNO 3With the mixed liquor of HCl, its ratio is 1: 3, and pickle is prepared in 24 hours before use, and pickling temperature is a room temperature, and the pickling time is 30 seconds, and the mordant of titanium is 5% HF, at room temperature cleans 10 seconds; Metallic nickel does not need pickling, gets final product with the acetone wiping before the weldering; Weldment after the pickling dries up after the clear water flushing.Welding temperature is measured and is controlled by thermocouple.Before the weldering on the weldment of having cleared up the welding heat galvanic couple, make the solder joint of two thermocouples as close as possible, and on same contour, bond pad locations is controlled at about 1mm apart from end face distance, to guarantee that process temperature is approaching with actual temperature or to equate.For the temperature field that makes weldment roughly the same, thermocouple institute welding position is put with the chuck spacing and is consistent as far as possible, thermocouple is welded in a side of steel, clamp then, the order that clamps is titanium aluminium base alloy, pure titanium foil, nickel foil, steel, pure titanium foil and nickel foil are sandwiched between titanium aluminium base alloy and the steel, note preventing the misalignment of weldment.Close vacuum chamber after weldment installs, open vavuum pump, treat that vacuum reaches 1.3 * 10 -5～1 * 10 -4During Torr, connect power supply and weld, the temperature of this moment should be preferably 1223K between 1200～1250K, and pressure should be between 10～20MPa, 15MPa preferably, and be 10～16min weld interval, preferably 15min.Welding is cut off the electricity supply after finishing, and removes pressure when weldment is cooled to 373K under former vacuum condition, when being cooled to room temperature, takes out weldment from vacuum chamber, its objective is in order to prevent that weldment from oxidation at high temperature taking place.
The experiment of titanium/nickel active compound gradient separation layer Diffusion Welding titanium aluminium base alloy and steel shows, joint break in nickel-steel and break between Ni-Ti ratio about equally, strength of joint can reach 380～400MPa, and than high nearly one times of direct Diffusion Welding, the interfacial microstructure of joint is TiAl (Ti 3Al+TiAl)/Ti (ss.Al)/Ti/TiNi 3/ TiNi/Ti 2Ni/Ni/Ni-Fe solid solution/40Cr.Ni-Ti interfacial diffusion layer (each reacting phase and β Ti transition layer) time and temperature effect that thickness is mainly welded, the influence of welding pressure is less.The logarithm of thickness of diffusion layer is directly proportional with the welding temperature inverse, and the thickness of each reacting phase and β Ti transition layer is directly proportional with the square root of weld interval.Titanium nickel is made the active compound gradient separation layer can successfully weld titanium aluminium base alloy and steel.
The specific embodiment two: present embodiment adopts titanium/vanadium/copper activity compound gradient separation layer Diffusion Welding titanium aluminium base alloy and steel, the active compound gradient separation layer adopts pure titanium foil, thickness is 36～40 μ m, best 38 μ m, vanadium paper tinsel thickness is 30～100 μ m, best 70 μ m, copper thickness is 10～30 μ m, and vanadium metal and copper are at 30～70%HNO 3Cleaned in the solution 5～10 seconds; Welding temperature 1251～1275K, best 1273K, welding pressure 20～31MPa, best 25MPa, weld interval 17～23min, best 20min.Other process conditions and technical process are identical with embodiment one.
The experiment of titanium/vanadium/copper activity compound gradient separation layer Diffusion Welding titanium aluminium base alloy and steel shows, has all occurred the unlimited solid solution layer favourable to welding performance at the weld interface place of Ti/V, V/Cu and Cu/40Cr, and has formed (Ti at the interface at TiAl/Ti 3Al+TiAl) two-phase layer and Ti (ss.Al) solid solution layer.Because TiAl/Ti has formed at the interface to improving the favourable (Ti of strength of joint 3Al+TiAl) two-phase layer, the strength of joint maximum can reach 410～430MPa.And from the intensity level test data, directly the intensity level in the high-strength process parameters range of Diffusion Welding disperses, Joint Reliability is poor, and the use of Ti/V/Cu active compound gradient separation layer, effectively avoided causing the generation of the serious fragility phase that weakens of joint performance, thereby the weld strength of TiAl base alloy and steel is significantly improved,, can satisfy the needs of practical application substantially near the intensity of TiAl base alloy mother metal.
The specific embodiment three: present embodiment adopts titanium/niobium/copper activity compound gradient separation layer Diffusion Welding titanium aluminium base alloy and steel, the active compound gradient separation layer adopts pure titanium foil, thickness is that 41～50 μ m, niobium paper tinsel thickness are 30～100 μ m, best 70 μ m, copper thickness is 31～50 μ m, best 36 μ m, metal niobium is at 30～70%HNO 3Cleaned in the solution 5～10 seconds; Welding temperature 1276～1350K, best 1280K, welding pressure 31～40MPa, best 32MPa, weld interval 24～30min, best 25min.Other process conditions and technical process are identical with embodiment one.
The experiment of titanium/niobium/copper activity compound gradient separation layer Diffusion Welding titanium aluminium base alloy and steel shows, has occurred the unlimited solid solution layer favourable to welding performance at the weld interface place of Ti/Nb, Nb/Cu and Cu/40Cr, and has formed (Ti at the interface at TiAl/Ti 3Al+TiAl) two-phase layer and Ti (ssAl) solid solution layer.The strength of joint maximum can reach 420～430MPa, substantially near the intensity of titanium aluminium base alloy mother metal, can satisfy the needs of practical application.

Claims (10)

1, a kind of active compound gradient separation diffusion welding method of titanium aluminium base alloy and steel, it is characterized in that between titanium aluminium base alloy and the steel with metal forming as the active compound gradient separation layer, before the weldering physics and soak cleaning are carried out in the metal surface, the weldment that clamps is placed in the heating power vacuum welding machine, is 1.3 * 10 in vacuum -5～1 * 10 -4Torr, welding pressure are 10～40MPa, weld 10～30min when welding temperature is 1200～1350K that welding finishes to remove pressure when weldment is cooled to 373K under former vacuum condition, when cooling to room temperature, takes out weldment.
2, a kind of active compound gradient separation diffusion welding method of titanium aluminium base alloy according to claim 1 and steel, its metal forming are pure titanium foil, nickel foil, vanadium paper tinsel, Copper Foil, niobium paper tinsel.
3, a kind of active compound gradient separation diffusion welding method of titanium aluminium base alloy according to claim 2 and steel, the thickness of its pure titanium foil are that 30～50 μ m, nickel foil thickness are that 30～100 μ m, vanadium paper tinsel thickness are that 30～100 μ m, copper thickness are that 10～50 μ m, niobium paper tinsel thickness are 30～100 μ m.
4, a kind of active compound gradient separation diffusion welding method of titanium aluminium base alloy according to claim 1 and steel, its physics cleaning is with 400 #, 500 #, 600 #, 800 #, 1000 #Abrasive paper for metallograph polishes step by step.
5, a kind of active compound gradient separation diffusion welding method of titanium aluminium base alloy according to claim 1 and steel, its soak cleaning is: the mordant of steel adopts HNO 3With the mixed liquor of HCl, ratio is 1: 3, and pickle is prepared in 24 hours before use, and pickling temperature is a room temperature, and the pickling time is 10～40 seconds; The mordant of titanium is 5%HF, at room temperature cleans 5～15 seconds; Vanadium, niobium and copper are at 30～70%HNO 3Cleaned in the solution 5～10 seconds; Weldment after the pickling dries up after the clear water flushing.
6, a kind of active compound gradient separation diffusion welding method of titanium aluminium base alloy according to claim 1 and steel, it clamps weldment is to clamp metal forming between titanium aluminium base alloy and steel, clamps order to be: titanium aluminium base alloy, pure titanium foil, nickel foil, steel; Titanium aluminium base alloy, pure titanium foil, vanadium paper tinsel, Copper Foil, steel; Titanium aluminium base alloy, pure titanium foil, niobium paper tinsel, Copper Foil, steel.
7, a kind of active compound gradient separation diffusion welding method of titanium aluminium base alloy according to claim 1 and steel, its welding pressure is 10～20MPa; Welding temperature 1200～1250K; Weld interval 10～16min; Pure titanium foil thickness is that 30～35 μ m, nickel foil thickness are 30～100 μ m, best 60 μ m.
8, a kind of active compound gradient separation diffusion welding method of titanium aluminium base alloy according to claim 1 and steel, its welding pressure is 21～30MPa; Welding temperature 1251～1275K; Weld interval 17～23min; Pure titanium foil thickness is 36～40 μ m, and best 38 μ m, vanadium paper tinsel thickness are 30～100 μ m, best 70 μ m; Copper thickness is 10～30 μ m.
9, a kind of active compound gradient separation diffusion welding method of titanium aluminium base alloy according to claim 1 and steel, its welding pressure is 31～40MPa; Welding temperature is 1276～1350K; Be 24～30min weld interval; Pure titanium foil thickness is 41～50 μ m, and niobium paper tinsel thickness is 30～100 μ m, best 70 μ m; Copper thickness is 31～50 μ m, best 36 μ m.
10, a kind of active compound gradient separation diffusion welding method of titanium aluminium base alloy according to claim 1 and steel, it is characterized in that a, be the active compound gradient separation layer with titanium/nickel, welding temperature is preferably 1223K, and welding pressure is preferably 15MPa, is preferably 15min weld interval; B, be the active compound gradient separation layer with titanium/vanadium/copper, welding temperature is preferably 1273K, and welding pressure is preferably 25MPa, is preferably 20min weld interval; C, be the active compound gradient separation layer with titanium/niobium/copper, welding temperature is preferably 1280K, and welding pressure is preferably 32MPa, is preferably 25min weld interval.
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CN100434225C (en) * 2005-09-06 2008-11-19 中国航天科技集团公司第一研究院第七○三研究所 Composite connecting method with transition liquid phase diffusion welding of intermetallic Ti-Al compound alloy
CN102120281A (en) * 2011-02-15 2011-07-13 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 Soldering method of rotor and steel shaft of titanium-aluminum turbocharger
CN102164702A (en) * 2008-09-24 2011-08-24 斯奈克玛 Assembly of titanium and steel parts by diffusion welding
CN102259217A (en) * 2011-02-15 2011-11-30 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 Method for welding rotor and steel shaft of high-niobium titanium aluminum turbocharger
CN102343468A (en) * 2011-02-15 2012-02-08 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 Welding method of rotor and steel shaft of titanium-aluminum alloy turbocharger
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CN100434225C (en) * 2005-09-06 2008-11-19 中国航天科技集团公司第一研究院第七○三研究所 Composite connecting method with transition liquid phase diffusion welding of intermetallic Ti-Al compound alloy
CN102164702A (en) * 2008-09-24 2011-08-24 斯奈克玛 Assembly of titanium and steel parts by diffusion welding
CN102120281A (en) * 2011-02-15 2011-07-13 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 Soldering method of rotor and steel shaft of titanium-aluminum turbocharger
CN102259217A (en) * 2011-02-15 2011-11-30 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 Method for welding rotor and steel shaft of high-niobium titanium aluminum turbocharger
CN102343468A (en) * 2011-02-15 2012-02-08 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 Welding method of rotor and steel shaft of titanium-aluminum alloy turbocharger
CN102554449A (en) * 2012-02-15 2012-07-11 哈尔滨工业大学 Method for connecting carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material and metal
CN102861986A (en) * 2012-10-12 2013-01-09 武汉理工大学 Spreading welding method of magnesium alloy and aluminum alloy containing composite middle layer
CN103480851A (en) * 2013-09-30 2014-01-01 江苏烁石焊接科技有限公司 Graded connector suitable for titanium-steel dissimilar metal connection
CN104722916A (en) * 2013-12-19 2015-06-24 罗伯特·博世有限公司 Method For Producing Rotor Wheel And Rotor
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CN104308360A (en) * 2014-09-01 2015-01-28 山东大学 Diffusion bonding method for graphite, low carbon steel and stainless steel
CN104308360B (en) * 2014-09-01 2016-01-13 山东大学 A kind of graphite and mild steel, stainless diffusion connection method
CN105798449A (en) * 2016-05-24 2016-07-27 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） Method for diffusion connection of high-niobium TiAl alloy by using composite metal foil
CN107685184A (en) * 2016-08-04 2018-02-13 本田技研工业株式会社 More material components and its manufacture method
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CN108772622A (en) * 2018-05-07 2018-11-09 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 A kind of diffusion welding connection method for making middle layer using Ti foils
CN108480838A (en) * 2018-05-07 2018-09-04 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 A kind of diffusion welding connection method for making middle layer using Ti foils and titanium based solder foil
CN108480838B (en) * 2018-05-07 2020-08-11 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 Diffusion welding connection method adopting Ti foil and titanium-based brazing filler metal foil as intermediate layer
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CN109014549B (en) * 2018-07-13 2020-08-11 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 Diffusion welding connection method adopting Cu foil and Ti foil as composite intermediate layer
CN108941966A (en) * 2018-08-20 2018-12-07 苏州大学张家港工业技术研究院 A kind of graphene strengthens the welding method of steel Al dissimilar materials weld seam
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CN110238504B (en) * 2019-07-04 2021-06-08 中国航空制造技术研究院 High-strength diffusion bonding method for titanium-steel alloy
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