CN115555698A - Dissimilar high-strength titanium alloy diffusion welding method - Google Patents
Dissimilar high-strength titanium alloy diffusion welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115555698A CN115555698A CN202211384794.7A CN202211384794A CN115555698A CN 115555698 A CN115555698 A CN 115555698A CN 202211384794 A CN202211384794 A CN 202211384794A CN 115555698 A CN115555698 A CN 115555698A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof
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Abstract
The invention provides a dissimilar high-strength titanium alloy diffusion welding method, which comprises the following steps: (1) cleaning the surface of a sample: grinding and polishing the surfaces to be welded of the two titanium alloys to ensure that the roughness Ra of the surfaces to be welded is less than or equal to 1.0 mu m, then removing an oxide film on the surfaces to be welded by adopting acid liquor, wiping the surfaces to be welded by using alcohol before welding, removing surface impurity residues, and drying by cold air; (2) charging a sample: butting the two titanium alloys with the cleaned surfaces obtained in the step (1); (3) diffusion welding: placing the sample obtained in the step (2) between an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, then performing diffusion welding, keeping good axial centering between the sample and the pressure heads, applying pressure of 5-25MPa to the sample to be welded through the upper pressure head to enable metals to be in close contact, and then performing pressure relief; and (4) carrying out heat preservation and pressure maintaining for three times, releasing pressure after the heat preservation and the pressure maintaining are finished, slowly cooling, and then cooling along with the furnace. Fills the domestic blank and provides a new design solution for the high-strength laminated titanium alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of dissimilar high-strength metal diffusion welding, and particularly relates to a dissimilar high-strength titanium alloy diffusion welding method for titanium alloy TC4 and titanium alloy Ti80.
Background
Armored vehicles, one of the most important land-based weaponry, are the primary warfare power of land military equipment. The lightweight armor material and the protective performance of the first generation material and the first generation equipment are improved, are hot spots for research in recent years, and have important significance for improving the combat performance of armored vehicles. In order to solve the contradiction between the lightweight and high viability of armored vehicles, the research on armored titanium alloy is very important in all military and strong countries in the world.
The light weight is the development direction and research and development focus of armored vehicles, and the maneuvering performance and the fighting capacity of the equipment can be obviously improved. The matrix armor metal material of the armored vehicle has the characteristic of light weight, and also has good elasticity resistance, technological performance, environmental adaptability and the like. The common metal matrix armor materials comprise 4 armor steel, armor aluminum alloy, armor magnesium alloy and armor titanium alloy, and the titanium alloy is a light high-strength armor material and has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, high and low temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like. Therefore, the armor titanium alloy has optimal comprehensive performance and can simultaneously meet the requirements of three aspects of ballistic resistance, process performance and environmental adaptability.
At present, high-specific strength titanium alloy is adopted as a steel and aluminum substitute material for home and abroad armored vehicles, so that the weight can be reduced, and the high-specific strength titanium alloy has excellent elasticity resistance and extremely strong seawater and salt mist corrosion resistance. With the application and popularization of titanium alloy on armored vehicles, the war industry field in China basically forms consensus, and the development idea of the first generation of armored titanium alloy materials mainly based on TC4 is determined. Meanwhile, research results in more than ten years show that the protective performance of the armored material made of the single-material titanium alloy is improved to a limited extent, the development requirement of future armored vehicles cannot be met, and a new design solution is provided for the high-strength laminated titanium alloy. Compared with the traditional laminated metal composite material with low strength and high elongation, the high-strength laminated titanium alloy is prepared from the dissimilar titanium alloy material with high strength and low elongation, the compounding difficulty is greatly improved, and the composite material is blank at present, lacks of research and breakthrough in key technology and mechanism, and needs to be technically overcome.
Chinese patent CN107030367A discloses a dissimilar metal diffusion welding method of titanium alloy and stainless steel, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of grinding and polishing the surfaces to be welded of titanium alloy and stainless steel, removing oxide films on the surfaces of the titanium alloy and copper foil by using an acid solution, then alternately stacking metal materials according to the sequence of titanium alloy-niobium foil-copper foil-stainless steel-copper foil-niobium foil-titanium alloy, then placing the stacked samples between an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, applying pressure of 15-30MPa, relieving pressure, slowly cooling, and then cooling along with the furnace.
Chinese patent CN111299796A discloses a dissimilar metal vacuum diffusion welding method of TC4 titanium alloy and 316L stainless steel, which mainly comprises the steps of cleaning the surface of a sample, and then cleaning the surface of the sample according to TC4 titanium alloy-vanadium foil-copper foil-cobalt foil-316L stainless steel or 316L stainless steel-cobalt foil-copper foil-vanadium foil-TC 4 titanium alloy. Placing the samples stacked in sequence between an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, then performing diffusion welding, applying pressure of 15-30MPa, vacuumizing the vacuum hot-pressing furnace to 1 x 10 < -2 > Pa, releasing pressure after the heat preservation and pressure preservation are finished, cooling to 700 ℃ at the temperature of 7 ℃/min, and then cooling along with the furnace.
Chinese patent CN112548414A discloses an environment-friendly copper-aluminum welding process, which comprises a copper part and an aluminum part welded on the copper part; the welding process comprises the following steps: forming an aluminum piece and cleaning the surface; spraying a copper powder layer on the cleaned surface; welding the aluminum piece on the copper piece through the copper spraying layer; the welding coating is formed by spraying before welding, so that the welding process is more stable, the welding method is particularly suitable for welding copper and copper by aluminum and welding aluminum by aluminum, the aluminum piece can be welded without nickel plating surface treatment under the action of the pad coating, and the spraying efficiency is higher; the original aluminum piece needs to be plated with nickel first when being welded, and the spraying mode of the invention is more environment-friendly than electroplating.
At present, the domestic production method of the high-strength laminated titanium alloy is blank. Therefore, how to weld the high-strength laminated titanium alloy is an urgent problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a diffusion welding method for dissimilar high-strength titanium alloys, so as to solve the problems in the prior art that dissimilar high-strength titanium alloys cannot be bonded and cracked in the hot rolling process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a dissimilar high-strength titanium alloy diffusion welding method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cleaning the surface of the sample: grinding and polishing the surfaces to be welded of the two titanium alloys to ensure that the roughness Ra of the surfaces to be welded is less than or equal to 1.0 mu m, then removing an oxide film on the surface to be welded by adopting acid liquor, wiping the surface to be welded by using alcohol before welding, removing impurity residues on the surface, and drying by cold air;
(2) Loading a sample into a furnace: butting the two titanium alloys with the cleaned surfaces obtained in the step (1);
(3) Diffusion welding: placing the sample obtained in the step (2) between an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, then performing diffusion welding, keeping good axial centering between the sample and the pressure heads, applying pressure of 5-25MPa to the sample to be welded through the upper pressure head to enable metals to be in close contact, and then performing pressure relief; and (4) carrying out heat preservation and pressure maintaining for three times, releasing pressure after the heat preservation and the pressure maintaining are finished, slowly cooling, and then cooling along with the furnace.
Further, the acid solution in (1) is a mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid.
Further, the two titanium alloys in (1) and (2) are titanium alloy TC4 and titanium alloy Ti80.
Further, the three-time heat preservation and pressure maintaining method in the step (3) comprises the following steps: vacuumizing the vacuum hot-pressing furnace until the vacuum degree reaches 1.0 multiplied by 10 -2 When Pa is needed, the temperature is increased to 850 ℃ for primary heat preservation and pressure maintaining, and the pressure is kept at 15MPa; after the primary heat preservation and pressure maintaining are finished, performing secondary heat preservation and pressure maintaining, wherein the temperature is increased to 950 ℃ close to the phase transformation point, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 2.5h; and after the secondary heat preservation and pressure preservation is finished, cooling the temperature to 850 ℃ for the third heat preservation and pressure preservation.
Further, the temperature increase rate until the temperature is increased to 850 ℃ was 7 ℃/min.
And further, after the secondary heat preservation and pressure preservation is finished, cooling to 850 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and carrying out the third heat preservation and pressure preservation.
And further, releasing the pressure after the third heat preservation and pressure preservation is finished, simultaneously cooling the temperature to 700 ℃ at a speed of 10 ℃/min, and then cooling along with the furnace.
Further, slow cooling is carried out after the diffusion welding is finished, and the cooling rate is 7 ℃/min.
Further, when the sample obtained in the step (3) is placed between an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, the gap between the two titanium alloys is ensured to be less than 0.1mm.
Furthermore, the thickness of the two titanium alloys is 1-10 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the dissimilar high-strength titanium alloy diffusion welding method has the following advantages: a production method of the high-strength laminated titanium alloy is developed by adopting a vacuum hot pressing furnace, fills the domestic blank, and provides a new design solution for the high-strength laminated titanium alloy.
(1) Compared with the traditional hot rolling process, the method adopts a diffusion welding method to compound the dissimilar high-strength titanium alloys, and successfully realizes the compounding of the dissimilar high-strength titanium alloys;
(2) The invention adopts three times of heat preservation and pressure maintaining to ensure that metal interfaces are in close contact, ensure atomic diffusion, effectively eliminate thermal stress after diffusion and prevent the deformation of a sample;
(3) The invention adopts a slow cooling method after vacuum diffusion welding, and helps to eliminate interface welding stress;
(4) The method has simple process and can be widely applied to compounding of various high-strength titanium alloys.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic temperature-time flow diagram of vacuum diffusion welding according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is the interface morphology of the weld zone in example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
A titanium alloy TC4 and titanium alloy Ti80 dissimilar metal diffusion welding method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Cleaning the surface of the sample: and grinding and polishing the surfaces to be welded of the titanium alloy TC4 and the titanium alloy Ti80 to ensure that the roughness Ra of the surfaces to be welded is less than or equal to 1.0 mu m, and then removing an oxide film on the surfaces to be welded by adopting mixed acid liquor of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid in a certain proportion to ensure that the surfaces to be welded can be well contacted. Wiping the surface to be welded with alcohol before welding, removing impurity residues on the surface, and drying with cold air;
(2) Loading a sample into a furnace: butting the titanium alloy TC4 with the clean surface obtained in the step (1) and the titanium alloy Ti80 in sequence, wherein the sequence is as follows: titanium alloy TC 4-titanium alloy Ti80, or titanium alloy Ti 80-titanium alloy TC4;
(3) Diffusion welding: and (3) placing the samples stacked in sequence obtained in the step (2) between an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of a vacuum hot-pressing furnace. Then, carrying out diffusion welding, keeping good axial alignment between the sample and a pressure head, applying pressure of 5-25MPa to the sample to be welded through the upper pressure head to enable the metals to be in close contact, and then carrying out pressure relief; and carrying out heat preservation and pressure maintaining for three times. And (4) after the heat preservation and pressure preservation are finished, releasing the pressure, slowly cooling, and then cooling along with the furnace.
The inventor selects a three-time heat preservation and pressure maintaining method through a large number of experiments as follows:
vacuumizing the vacuum hot pressing furnace, raising the temperature to 850 ℃ at the speed of 7 ℃/min for primary heat preservation and pressure maintaining when the vacuum degree reaches 1.0 multiplied by 10 < -2 > Pa, and keeping the pressure at 15MPa so that the TC 4-Ti 80 interface of the titanium alloy is in close contact and generates plastic deformation; after the primary heat preservation and pressure maintaining is finished, carrying out secondary heat preservation and pressure maintaining, wherein the temperature is raised to 950 ℃ which is close to the phase transformation point, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 2.5h; after the secondary heat preservation and pressure preservation is finished, the temperature is reduced to 850 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min for the third heat preservation and pressure preservation; and (5) releasing the pressure after the third heat preservation and pressure preservation is finished. Meanwhile, the temperature is reduced to 700 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and then the furnace is cooled.
And after the diffusion welding is finished, slow cooling is carried out, the cooling rate is 7 ℃/min, and the stress generated by nonuniform shrinkage in the cooling process due to different expansion coefficients of the two titanium alloys is avoided by using the slow cooling rate. When the temperature in the furnace is reduced to 700 ℃, furnace cooling can be directly adopted.
Through reasonable matching among diffusion temperature, heat preservation time, pressure and pressure maintaining time, atoms between contact surfaces are fully diffused, and the interface achieves higher bonding strength. The method has simple and efficient process, and can be successfully applied to the lamination compounding among dissimilar high-strength titanium alloys.
Example 1
Mechanically grinding and polishing the surfaces to be welded of the titanium alloy TC4 with the thickness of 4mm and the titanium alloy Ti80 with the thickness of 4mm to ensure that the roughness Ra of the surfaces to be welded is less than or equal to 1.0 mu m, and then removing an oxide film on the surfaces to be welded by adopting mixed acid liquor of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid in a certain proportion to ensure that the surfaces to be welded can be well contacted. Before welding, the surface to be welded is wiped by alcohol, surface impurity residues are removed, cold air is blown to dry, and the phenomenon that impurities penetrate into a welding line to damage the performance of the welding line is avoided.
The above cleaning methods are all known in the art;
and butting and placing the titanium alloy TC4 and the titanium alloy Ti80 with the surfaces cleaned. Fixed between the upper and lower pressure heads in the hearth of the vacuum diffusion furnace and ensures that the gap is less than 0.1mm;
after the fixation is finished, the operation is carried out according to the standard flow, firstly, the operation is carried outApplying pre-pressure of 10MPa to the to-be-welded part by the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head so that the to-be-welded part is stably fixed between the pressure heads; then vacuumizing until the vacuum degree reaches 1.0 multiplied by 10 -2 When Pa, the vacuum diffusion welding process is carried out, the diffusion time of the embodiment is 2.5h, the diffusion welding pressure is 5MPa, the diffusion welding temperature is 950 ℃, and the vacuum diffusion welding is carried out by adopting a vacuum diffusion machine.
Specifically, the temperature is increased to 850 ℃ at the speed of 7 ℃/min for primary heat preservation and pressure maintaining, and the pressure is maintained for 45min under the pressure of 15MPa, so that the TC 4-Ti 80 interface of the titanium alloy is in close contact and generates plastic deformation; after the primary heat preservation and pressure maintaining are finished, performing secondary heat preservation and pressure maintaining, wherein the temperature is increased to 950 ℃ close to the phase transformation point, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 2.5h; after the secondary heat preservation and pressure preservation is finished, the temperature is reduced to 850 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and the third heat preservation and pressure preservation is carried out under the pressure of 15MPa; and (5) releasing the pressure after the third heat preservation and pressure preservation is finished. Meanwhile, the temperature is reduced to 700 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, and then the furnace is cooled. And after the welding is finished, opening the hearth after the sample is cooled to the room temperature, and taking out the sample to obtain the titanium alloy TC4 and titanium alloy Ti80 composite board with the thickness of 8 mm.
Example 2
The diffusion welding compounding was performed using 4mm titanium alloy TC4 and 4mm titanium alloy Ti80 by the same process as in example 1, except that the diffusion welding temperature (i.e., the secondary soaking temperature) was 960 ℃.
Example 3
The diffusion welding composition was carried out using 4mm titanium alloy TC4 and 4mm titanium alloy Ti80 by the same process as in example 1, except that the diffusion welding temperature (i.e., the secondary holding temperature) was 970 ℃.
Examples 1-3, the effect of different diffusion welding temperatures on the weld performance between vacuum diffusion welding of dissimilar high strength titanium alloys is compared, and the results are shown in table 1 below, the invention is in accordance with the provisions of the national standard GB/T228-2002, tensile test is carried out on the welded samples at room temperature, and the loading rate is 0.5mm/min.
TABLE 1 mechanical properties of welded parts of titanium alloy TC4 and titanium alloy T803
| Test specimen | Shear strength (N/mm) 2 ) | Tensile strength (MPa) |
| Example 1 (diffusion welding temperature 950 ℃ C.) | 646 | 490 |
| Example 2 (diffusion welding temperature 960 ℃ C.) | 704 | 603 |
| Example 3 (diffusion welding temperature 970 deg.C) | 698 | 520 |
Although the present invention is disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A dissimilar high-strength titanium alloy diffusion welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Cleaning the surface of the sample: grinding and polishing the surfaces to be welded of the two titanium alloys to ensure that the roughness Ra of the surfaces to be welded is less than or equal to 1.0 mu m, then removing an oxide film on the surfaces to be welded by adopting acid liquor, wiping the surfaces to be welded by using alcohol before welding, removing surface impurity residues, and drying by cold air;
(2) Loading a sample into a furnace: butting the two titanium alloys with the cleaned surfaces obtained in the step (1);
(3) Diffusion welding: placing the sample obtained in the step (2) between an upper pressure head and a lower pressure head of a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, then carrying out diffusion welding, keeping good axial alignment between the sample and the pressure head, applying pressure of 5-25MPa to the sample to be welded through the upper pressure head to enable metals to be in close contact, and then carrying out pressure relief; and (4) carrying out heat preservation and pressure maintaining for three times, releasing pressure after the heat preservation and the pressure maintaining are finished, slowly cooling, and then cooling along with the furnace.
2. The dissimilar high-strength titanium alloy diffusion welding method according to claim 1, wherein the acid solution in (1) is a mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid.
3. The dissimilar high-strength titanium alloy diffusion welding method according to claim 1, wherein two titanium alloys of (1) and (2) are a titanium alloy TC4 and a titanium alloy Ti80.
4. The dissimilar high-strength titanium alloy diffusion welding method according to claim 1, wherein the three-time heat and pressure maintaining method in the step (3) is as follows: vacuumizing the vacuum hot-pressing furnace until the vacuum degree reaches 1.0 multiplied by 10 -2 When Pa, raising the temperature to 850 ℃ for primary heat preservation and pressure maintaining, and keeping the pressure at 15MPa; after the primary heat preservation and pressure maintaining is finished, carrying out secondary heat preservation and pressure maintaining, wherein the temperature is raised to 950 ℃ which is close to the phase transformation point, and the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 2.5h; and after the secondary heat preservation and pressure preservation is finished, cooling the temperature to 850 ℃ for the third heat preservation and pressure preservation.
5. The dissimilar high-strength titanium alloy diffusion welding method according to claim 4, wherein a temperature increase rate before the temperature increase to 850 ℃ is 7 ℃/min.
6. The dissimilar high-strength titanium alloy diffusion welding method according to claim 4, wherein after the second heat and pressure holding is completed, the temperature is reduced to 850 ℃ at 10 ℃/min to carry out third heat and pressure holding.
7. The dissimilar high-strength titanium alloy diffusion welding method according to claim 4, wherein pressure relief is performed after the third heat preservation and pressure maintenance, and simultaneously the temperature is reduced to 700 ℃ at a rate of 10 ℃/min and then furnace cooling is performed.
8. The dissimilar high-strength titanium alloy diffusion welding method according to claim 4, wherein slow cooling is performed after the diffusion welding is finished, and the cooling rate is 7 ℃/min.
9. The method for diffusion welding dissimilar high-strength titanium alloy according to claim 1, wherein the sample obtained in the step (3) is placed between an upper ram and a lower ram of a vacuum hot-pressing furnace, and a gap between the two titanium alloys is ensured to be less than 0.1mm.
10. The dissimilar high-strength titanium alloy diffusion welding method according to claim 1, wherein the thicknesses of both titanium alloys are 1 to 10mm.
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| CN116690127A (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-09-05 | 陕西长羽航空装备股份有限公司 | Welding forming method of transition joint made of bimetal composite material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116690127A (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-09-05 | 陕西长羽航空装备股份有限公司 | Welding forming method of transition joint made of bimetal composite material |
| CN116690127B (en) * | 2023-08-07 | 2023-11-03 | 陕西长羽航空装备股份有限公司 | Welding forming method of transition joint made of bimetal composite material |
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