CN1407316A - Measuring and marking tool of construction worker - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a measuring and marking tool, such as a roofing square, which has a first straight side, a second straight side extending perpendicularly to said first straight side; A third straight side extending from one end of the first straight side to one end of the second straight side constitutes a hypotenuse, and a T-bar extending along the first straight side. The T-bar has a cavity for receiving a spirit level and extends upwardly a quarter of an inch from the upper surface of said first straight edge except for the area of said cavity that accommodates said spirit level , extending a quarter of an inch downward from the lower surface of the first straight edge. and a hole adjacent to said second linear side and spaced a predetermined distance from said first linear side for receiving a marking tool for marking said workpiece.

Description

Measuring and marking tools for construction workers

technical field

The present invention relates to square tools used by carpenters, and more particularly to rafter squares for determining and marking exact seating cut angles for rafters or the like.

Background technique

A large number of measuring and marking tools used by construction workers are known, such as roofing squares of the right triangle type, which are hitherto known to the inventors and are described and presented in the following U.S. patents, which can be Easily available to the public throughout the United States: Patents US4,513,510 and US4,742,619 are designated as references for the present invention, and the documents cited by these two documents are: US175,113, US183,387, US864,096, US1 ,001,316, US1,014,453, US2,805,484, US3,623,232, US4,244,105, US263,383, US437,870, US1,249,132, US2,076,300 and US3,178,826.

Contents of the invention

A construction worker's measuring and marking tool according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention has a right-angled triangular structure having first and second straight sides intersecting at right angles, and a third straight side constituting the hypotenuse, A T-bar with a cavity to accommodate a spirit level. the T-strip extends along said first straight edge and projects upwardly from the upper surface of said square by about a quarter of an inch except for the area of said cavity housing said spirit level, and is recessed about a quarter of an inch downward from its lower surface, but at least the area of the upper surface of the T-strip defined by the cavity neither projects upward nor downward.

A particular advantage of this spirit level is that it allows craftsmen to measure distances and levels simultaneously while working. Not only that, but by cutting off the placement of the T-strip around the cavity that houses said level, it is made easier for the craftsman to read the level. This is especially useful when operating on a non-horizontal surface, where it is unsafe to move into an awkward position to read the level.

A linear scale in inches is provided along the second side, starting at the intersection of the first and second sides, with markings in one-eighth of an inch starting with the numeral 1 for each inch. Such markings are provided along two opposing facing surfaces of the second side of the square. The wall portion of the second side between the upper and lower surfaces of the square is smooth and level to serve as a straight edge for a pencil sliding along its edge to draw a straight line. One of the sharp points of a diamond-shaped hole is three and one-half inches from the above marking along the second side, which is three and one-half inches from the T-strip along the first side. This distance is the width of a conventional 2×4 gauge lumber, so it is useful for marking lumber that is applied to roof structures or other building structures. The diamond-shaped configuration of the hole provides enough space for the long, thin lead of a carpenter's pencil to pass through the square to mark the surface of the wood piece beneath it, and when the pencil is placed on the marked work piece The hole stably holds the elongated pencil lead in place while the craftsman slides the square.

The use of the diamond-shaped holes of the present invention has particular advantages in marking out-in-place cuts or "recessed corner joints" in lumber for rafters. The term "corner joint" is used in the industry to mean a triangular cutout portion of a rafter at the top of a building wall, with one vertically extending side of the cut abutting against a side wall at the top of the building wall, the A horizontally extending side rests on the horizontally extending upper surface of the top of the wall, and the rafters themselves extend diagonally upward at a predetermined angle at the top of the wall when in place.

Using a square with a diamond-shaped hole made in accordance with the invention to mark re-entrant joints for pieces of wood to be used as rafters, a plumb line is first drawn on the piece of wood from which the rafter will be made, at a suitable distance from the lower end of the rafter, This distance depends on the proper overhang height. The plumb line extends vertically when the wood piece extends obliquely at a suitable predetermined angle. The square is thus placed on the wood piece with its T-strip along the first side of the square abutting the side of the wood piece or work piece at which the reentrant joint is to be cut, while at the same time, within three and one-half of it A second side edge of the square with a diamond-shaped hole at one inch extends inwardly of the work piece. The craftsman can then slide the square along the side of the workpiece until the diamond-shaped hole intersects the plumb line. Then rotate the square with the diamond hole on the plumb line until the plumb line coincides with the imaginary connecting line of the two opposite sharp points of the diamond hole perpendicular to the second side of the square. The second straight side of the square thus extends at ninety degrees to the plumb line along which a cutting line can be drawn on the workpiece from the plumb line to the side of the workpiece. The reentrant joint can then be cut, first along the plumb line from the side of the workpiece to the intersection of the plumb line and the cut line, and then along the cut line on the workpiece from the side of the workpiece to the second The end point of the first cut makes the second cut.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a plan view of a construction worker's measuring and marking tool according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view along line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view along line 3-3 of Figure 1, showing the upper surface of the T-bar;

Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along line 3-3 of Figure 1 showing the lower surface of the T-bar;

Figure 5 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the diamond-shaped hole of the tool, showing the elongated lead of a carpenter's pencil suitably received in the hole and marking the workpiece through the hole, the measuring and marking tool being placed in the working on file;

Figure 6 is a side axial sectional view of the diamond-shaped hole of the tool, showing the elongated lead of a carpenter's pencil suitably received in the hole and marking the work piece through the hole, the measuring and marking tool placed in the working on file;

Figure 7 is a front view of the seated position of a rafter at the top of a wall with a seat cut or re-entrant to accommodate the top of the wall.

Detailed ways

As shown in Figure 1, the measuring and marking tool 2 used by construction workers according to the present invention includes a planar part 4 having a right-angled triangular outer structure, sometimes referred to as a square used by roofers, including a first end 8 The first side 6 of the second side 10 intersects at a right angle with the second side 10 at the first end 12 of the second side 10, and the third side 14 constitutes the hypotenuse of the right triangle square 2, which is connected to the first One side 6 meets at an opposite end 18 of the first side 6 and at an opposite end 20 of the hypotenuse or third side 14 meets the second side 10 at an opposite end 22 thereof.

The measuring and marking tool has a first planar surface 24 facing one direction and a second planar surface 26 facing the opposite direction, the two planes being parallel to each other and spaced apart by about three-sixteenths of an inch to one-quarter of an inch. A short distance, as shown in Figure 2. A first smooth rectilinear wall surface 28 extends along the second side 10 between the two planar surfaces to provide a marking edge along which a smooth rectilinear marking can be drawn with a pencil. A second smooth rectilinear wall surface 30 extends along the third side 14 between the two planar surfaces, also providing a smooth marking edge along this side of the tool or square 2 .

Along the first side 6 a T-strip 32 is provided. The T-bar has a cavity 62 that accommodates a spirit level 60 . The level 60 can be snapped into the cavity 62 so that it can be removed when it is not needed. Preferably, placing the level 60 into the cavity 62 can be made into a square around the level 60 by injection molding. The injection molding process uses a mold cavity with a moving platen and a fixed platen. The level 60 is placed in the fixed formwork and the mold is closed. A hydraulic cylinder applies a defined force to bring the moving formwork against the stationary formwork. This force is exerted on the fixed platen during the injection of the molten material into the mold cavity. The molten material is injected into the cavity through the extrusion screw until the pressure in the cavity reaches the predetermined molding pressure. After the molten material has been injected, it can be cooled and fixed, the applied force is removed, the plates are separated, and the square is removed. The square is injection molded around the level 60 so that the level 60 is integrated with the rest of the square and the level 60 is permanently fixed in the cavity 62 . It is understood that the present invention is not limited to this particular injection molding method, and other known conventional molding methods can be used.

As shown in FIG. 3, the T-bar has a first flange 34 with a planar surface 24 that protrudes outwardly from the first planar surface by a short distance of about one-quarter inch and perpendicular to the first planar surface. A planar surface, the first planar surface is inwardly recessed except for an area defined around the cavity. The T-bar also has a second flange 36 with a planar surface that protrudes a short distance of about one quarter of an inch from the opposite second planar surface 26 and is perpendicular to the opposite The second planar surface of the second planar surface is inwardly recessed except for an area defined around the cavity. As shown in FIG. 4, the T-bar 32 has a facing planar surface 38 opposite and separate from the tool or square. Planar surface 38 extends outwardly about one-quarter inch relative to first and second planar surfaces 24, 26 and is perpendicular thereto. In practicing the invention, the planar surface 38 may open around the cavity region 62, but need not be.

As shown in FIG. 1, a first measurement scale 40 in inches is marked and integrally formed on the first and second planar surfaces 24, 26 along the second side 10, from the end of the first side 6. 8 Beginning at end 12 adjacent to the scale, the scale is marked in increments of one-eighth of an inch per division, starting with the number 1 for each successive inch value, and the number 1 for the first side 6 from end 8 of the first side 6 an inch.

Located three and one-half inches along said second side 10 is a diamond-shaped hole 42 extending through the measuring and marking tool 2 from the first planar surface 24 to the second planar surface 26 . The diamond-shaped hole 42 includes a first point 44 pointing toward the three and one-half inch mark inwardly about one-eighth of an inch from the second side 10 . The second point 46 of the diamond-shaped hole 42 points opposite to the first point 44 and is spaced about three-eighths of an inch from the first point, and is shaped like the elongated profile 48 of the elongated lead 50 of a carpenter's pencil 52. Corresponding. As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the pencil lead 50 can thus be extended into and through the diamond-shaped hole 42 to mark the underlying work piece on which a tool or square 2 made in accordance with the present invention is placed. The diamond-shaped hole 42 also includes a third cusp 54 and a fourth cusp 56, these two cusps are located in the middle of the first cusp 44 and the second cusp 46, along the first cusp 44 and the second cusp 46 The lines between are separated outward by equal distances in opposite directions. Points 54 and 56 are spaced apart to form a diamond-shaped hole region 42 corresponding in size to the profile 58 of the lead 50 of a carpenter's pencil 52, when the diamond-shaped hole 42 accommodates the lead 50 to draw a line without ripples. Provides proper support when straightening the pencil line and can be used as a guiding tool when the pencil lead 50 is inserted into the hole and the craftsman slides the square 2 through the T-bar along the edge of the work piece to score the line along the work piece.

The diamond-shaped hole 42 is located three and one-half inches from the second side 10, and this location is selected to correspond to the width of a 2*4 gauge piece of lumber, which is three and one-half inches. The roofing or construction industry often requires marking points or lines on the profile about the width of the 2x4 standard.

The use of a measuring and marking tool 2 with a diamond-shaped hole made in accordance with the invention has particular advantages, as described above, for marking triangular seating cuts, which are referred to in the industry as Concave joint. These cutouts accommodate and rest on top of the wall when the rafters are in place. As shown in Figure 7, a plumb line 60 is first drawn on the piece of wood 62 used to make the rafters, which represents vertical when the rafters are at the top of the wall and extend upwards at the right angle. .

With the tool or square 2 placed on the work piece 62, the T-strip 32 is placed along the side 64 of the work piece where the rebate 66 is to be cut. The second side 10 of the square 2 extends inwardly of the workpiece such that the diamond-shaped hole 42 is located within the workpiece a short distance of three and one-half inches, corresponding to the width of a standard narrow strip of lumber 2×4. The craftsman slides the tool or square 2 along the side 64 of the workpiece 62 until the diamond-shaped hole 42 covers the plumb line 60 . The square 2 is turned around the diamond-shaped hole 42 on the plumb line 60 until the plumb line 60 intersects the two sharp points 44 and 46 of the diamond-shaped hole 42 .

When the square 2 is turned to this position, its straight edge 10 is at right angles to the plumb line 60 . The cutting line 70 can thus be drawn along the straight edge 10 from the plumb line 60 to the edge 64 of the workpiece 62 . This cutting line 70 is at right angles to the plumb line 60 . The reentrant corner joint 66 may then be cut along the cutting line 70 from the edge 64 of the workpiece 62 to the intersection of the plumb line 60 and the aforementioned cutting line 70 . In this manner, the portion of the re-entrant joint 66 along the plumb line 60 will abut vertically against the vertical sidewall at the top of the wall, and when the rafters are extended at the proper angle along the proper oblique line, the portion cut along the cut line 70 will Rest horizontally adjacent to a horizontal surface at the top of the wall.

As shown in FIG. 1, the square or measuring and marking tool 2 according to the present invention also includes an elongated hole 72 bounded by parallel straight sides 74 and 76, spaced approximately four quarters apart. One-fifth of an inch and about eight inches long.

Degrees are inscribed on the tool or square on the first surface 24 and the opposite second surface 26 along the sides 74 and 76 of the elongated hole. The hole is parallel to the third side 14 of the square 2, about one and a quarter inches inward along that side.

The square or tool 2 also includes a triangular hole 78 forming a right triangle having a first side 80 intersecting at a right angle with a second side 82 and a third side 84 representing the hypotenuse. The beveled or third side 84 is parallel to the sides 74 and 76 of the elongated aperture 72 and is three-quarters of an inch from the sides 76 .

The first side 80 of the square hole 78 is parallel to the second side 10 of the tool or square 2 and is about 1.5 inches inward from that side. The side 80 is approximately 2.5 inches long and is serrated with 19 notches in the side. The notches in the sides 80 are adapted to accommodate the lead 50 of a carpenter's pencil to draw straight pencil lines without waviness when the lead 50 is inserted and the craftsman's square 2 is slid along the edge of the work piece through the T-bar to Can be used as a guiding tool when scribing along a workpiece. The second side 82 of the square hole 78 is parallel to the first side 6 of the tool 2 and is about three-quarters of an inch inward from the side. The sides 82 are sloped and smoothed to provide a straight edge along which a pencil or other marking implement can draw a line. Linear markings in inches are inscribed on opposite surfaces of the square 2 along side 82 . From the mark representing one and one-half inches from the second side of tool 2, extend to the mark four inches from the end of side 82, which is four inches from the second side 10 of tool 2.

Claims (23)

1. A measuring and marking tool used by construction workers, comprising: a) a planar portion having a first straight edge; b) a second straight side extending perpendicularly to said first straight side; c) a T-bar having a cavity to accommodate a spirit level, said T-bar positioned along said first straight edge; and d) The planar part includes a receiving part of a marking tool, which is adjacent to the second straight side and separated from the first straight side by a predetermined distance, and is used to accommodate marking tools for the workpiece. Marking tools for marking. 2. The measuring and marking tool used by construction workers according to claim 1, wherein said marking tool receiving portion includes a specifically shaped hole penetrating said planar portion to accommodate said marking tool the markup part of the . 3. The measuring and marking tool used by construction workers as claimed in claim 2, wherein said marking tool comprises a carpenter's pencil having an elongated lead, said specifically shaped hole having a shape corresponding to said carpenter's pencil. The longitudinal shape corresponding to the elongated shape of the lead of a pencil. 4. The measuring and marking tool for use by construction workers as recited in claim 3, wherein said shaped hole includes a first end adjacent to said second straight side, and said first end extends toward said second straight edge. The inner side of the plane part is spaced at a distance corresponding to the elongated shape of the pencil lead of the carpenter's pencil, and the line connecting the positions thereof is perpendicular to the second straight line. 5. The measuring and marking tool for construction workers of claim 4, wherein said shaped hole includes a lateral profile corresponding to the side thickness of said lead of said carpenter's pencil, Said lateral and longitudinal profiles of said shaped hole enable edge portions of said shaped hole to contact and accommodate said elongated lead of said carpenter's pencil when the lead is inserted into said When there is a hole of a specific shape, the hole can hold it stably. 6. The measuring and marking tool for construction workers as claimed in claim 1, wherein said spirit level is enclosed in a cavity in said T-bar. 7. The measuring and marking tool used by construction workers as claimed in claim 1, wherein said level is integrated with said T-bar by injection molding said tool around said level. 8. The construction worker's measuring and marking tool of claim 6, wherein said level abuts upper and lower portions of said T-strip. 9. The measuring and marking tool for construction workers of claim 4, wherein the shape of said specifically shaped hole comprises a diamond shape. 10. The construction worker's measuring and marking tool of claim 4, including a measuring scale along said second side. 11. The measuring and marking tool used by construction workers as claimed in claim 4, wherein said predetermined distance between said marking tool receiving portion and said first straight edge is about three and two minutes one inch. 12. The construction worker's measuring and marking tool of claim 4, wherein said planar portion includes a third straight side extending between said first and second straight sides, said planar portion The top includes an elongated hole approximately parallel to and spaced inwardly from the third straight side. 13. The construction worker's measuring and marking tool of claim 11, wherein said elongated hole has a longitudinal dimension of about eight inches. 14. The construction worker's measuring and marking tool of claim 11, wherein said elongated hole has a lateral dimension of about one quarter of an inch. 15. The construction worker's measuring and marking tool of claim 11, wherein the elongated hole includes a first elongated straight edge along one side thereof and a second elongated straight edge on the opposite side. At least one of the elongated straight sides of the elongated hole is inclined. 16. The measuring and marking tool used by construction workers as claimed in claim 15, wherein said elongated straight sides of said elongated hole are all inclined. 17. The construction worker's measuring and marking tool of claim 15, wherein said sloped elongated straight side of said elongated hole provides a measure of degrees. 18. A plane square used as a measuring and marking tool for construction workers, comprising: a) a first straight edge; b) a second straight side extending perpendicularly to said first straight side; c) a third straight side forming a hypotenuse extending from one end of said first straight side to one end of said second straight side; d) a T-bar placed along said first straight edge, which abuts adjacently against a work piece when said second straight edge is placed on said work piece, said T - the bar has a cavity to accommodate a spirit level; and e) an aperture adjacent to said second linear side and spaced a predetermined distance from said first linear side for receiving a marking tool for marking said workpiece. 19. The measuring and marking tool of claim 18, wherein said T-strip extends upwardly a quarter of an inch from the upper surface of said first straight edge, The lower surface of the T-bar extends downward a quarter of an inch, but at least the upper surface of the T-bar surrounding the area of the cavity housing the level neither extends upward nor downward. 20. A plane square used as a measuring and marking tool for construction workers, comprising: a) a first straight edge; b) a second straight side extending perpendicularly to said first straight side; c) a third straight side forming a hypotenuse extending from one end of said first straight side to one end of said second straight side; d) a T-bar placed along said first straight edge, said T-bar having a cavity to accommodate a level, and except for the area of said cavity that accommodates said level, said T-bar extending upwardly a quarter of an inch from an upper surface of said first straight side and downwardly a quarter of an inch from a lower surface of said first straight side; and e) an aperture adjacent to said second linear side and spaced a predetermined distance from said first linear side for receiving a marking tool for marking said workpiece. 21. The measuring and marking tool of claim 20, wherein said first straight edge and/or said second straight edge comprise a measuring scale. 22. The measuring and marking tool of claim 21, wherein the level is stably placed within the cavity and is visible at an angle of deviation from the plane of the planar tool. 23. The measuring and marking tool according to claim 22, wherein said level is stably placed in said cavity by injection molding said tool around said level.

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