CN103909773A - Lead gauge - Google Patents

Lead gauge Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103909773A
CN103909773A CN201410135441.2A CN201410135441A CN103909773A CN 103909773 A CN103909773 A CN 103909773A CN 201410135441 A CN201410135441 A CN 201410135441A CN 103909773 A CN103909773 A CN 103909773A
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lead
plane
claw
wire
out wire
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CN103909773B (en
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张恩南
欧阳育红
王永乐
张燕英
陈彦
周建军
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Inner Mongolia First Machinery Group Corp
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Inner Mongolia First Machinery Group Corp
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Abstract

The invention relates to a tool for establishing and extending a plane and a rotating straight line in a three-dimensional space, in particular to a lead gauge which is suitable for the fields of mechanical manufacturing, building construction, indoor decoration, geometric drawing and the like. The lead wire clamping jaw and the lead wire clamping jaw are located in the same plane and can be connected in a rotating mode relatively, the lead wire clamping jaw is provided with an edge and is in line contact with the plane where the lead wire is located through the edge, and any inclination angle can be formed when the bottom surface of the lead wire clamping jaw is in contact with the plane where the lead wire is located. The invention conveniently realizes the establishment and extension of a plane and a rotation straight line in a three-dimensional space by using a simple structure.

Description

引线规Lead gauge

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种在三维空间内建立并延伸平面及转动直线的工具，具体涉及一种引线规，适用于机械制造、建筑施工、室内装修以及几何作图等领域。The invention relates to a tool for establishing and extending a plane and a rotating straight line in a three-dimensional space, in particular to a lead wire gauge, which is suitable for the fields of machine manufacturing, building construction, interior decoration, geometric drawing and the like.

背景技术Background technique

在三维空间中，用于建立并延伸二维空间内的平面及转动直线的工具经常用到的是高度尺、直角尺、三角板、直尺、卷尺、丁字尺和棉线等工具，建立并延伸二维空间内的平面及转动直线的方法一般采用重力挂线法和两点连线法。在机械制造、建筑施工、室内装修以及几何教学作业等领域，经常采用基准转换来进行测量、划线等工作，目前无有效和准确的转换方法和工具，经常会增加制造和测量的人为误差，增加工作难度。In three-dimensional space, tools for establishing and extending planes and rotating straight lines in two-dimensional space are often used tools such as height ruler, square, set square, ruler, tape measure, T-square and cotton thread. The method of plane and rotating straight line in three-dimensional space generally adopts gravity hanging line method and two-point connecting line method. In the fields of machinery manufacturing, building construction, interior decoration, and geometry teaching, datum conversion is often used for measurement, marking, etc. At present, there is no effective and accurate conversion method and tool, which often increases the human error of manufacturing and measurement. Increase the difficulty of work.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明通过发明一种在三维空间内建立并延伸平面及转动直线的工具，解决了传统工具无法精确建立并延伸三维空间内的平面和转动直线的问题。The invention solves the problem that the traditional tools cannot accurately establish and extend the plane and the straight line of rotation in the three-dimensional space by inventing a tool for establishing and extending the plane and the straight line of rotation in the three-dimensional space.

本发明是由以下技术方案实现的：The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

一种引线规，包括被引线卡爪和引出线卡爪，被引线卡爪和引出线卡爪位于一个平面内，二者可相对转动连接，引出线卡爪带有棱边，与引出线所在平面依靠该棱边形成线接触，被引线卡爪的底面与被引线所在的平面接触时可形成任意倾角。A lead wire gauge, including a lead wire claw and a lead wire claw, the lead wire claw and the lead wire claw are located in a plane, the two can be relatively rotatably connected, the lead wire claw has an edge, and the lead wire claw The plane relies on the edge to form a line contact, and the bottom surface of the lead claw can form any inclination angle when in contact with the plane where the lead wire is located.

当被引线所在的平面和引线规所在的平面垂直时，被引线卡爪截面为矩形，引出线卡爪截面为梯形，梯形下底的一个棱边与引出线所在平面线接触；当被引线所在的平面和引线规所在的平面不垂直时，被引线卡爪截面为梯形，梯形下底的一个棱边与被引出线所在平面线接触，被引线卡爪绕此棱边转动使引线规所在的平面和被引出线所在平面形成任意角度，引出线卡爪截面仍为梯形，梯形下底的一个棱边与引出线所在平面线接触。When the plane where the lead wire is located is perpendicular to the plane where the lead wire gauge is located, the cross section of the jaws of the lead wire is rectangular, the cross section of the claw of the lead wire is trapezoidal, and one edge of the lower bottom of the trapezoid is in contact with the plane line where the lead wire is located; when the lead wire is located When the plane of the lead wire gauge is not perpendicular to the plane where the lead wire gauge is located, the cross section of the lead wire claw is trapezoidal. The plane and the plane where the lead-out line is located form any angle, and the cross-section of the claw of the lead-out line is still trapezoidal, and an edge of the lower bottom of the trapezoid is in contact with the plane line where the lead-out line is located.

当被引线所在的平面和引出线所在的平面为钝角时，引出线卡爪和被引线卡爪直接通过销轴连接；当被引线所在的平面和引出线所在的平面为直角或锐角时，引出线卡爪和被引线卡爪通过连接板连接，连接板一端通过销轴和引出线卡爪连接，另一端通过另一个销轴和被引出线卡爪连接。When the plane where the lead wire is located and the plane where the lead-out line is located are obtuse angles, the claws of the lead-out wire and the jaws of the lead-out wire are directly connected by pin shafts; The wire claw and the lead claw are connected through a connecting plate, one end of the connecting plate is connected with the lead claw through a pin, and the other end is connected with the lead claw through another pin.

当引出线和被引线需要通过多个中间平面过渡时，引线规的结构为类似多截棍，多个被引出线卡爪依次可转动连接。When the lead wire and the lead wire need to pass through multiple intermediate planes, the structure of the lead gauge is similar to a multi-section stick, and the claws of multiple lead wires can be rotatably connected in sequence.

当引出线和被引线需要通过多个中间平面过渡时，引线规的结构为类似多截棍，多个被引出线卡爪之间也可由连接板依次连接，连接板和引出线卡爪、被引线卡爪通过销轴可转动连接。When the lead wire and the lead wire need to pass through multiple intermediate planes, the structure of the lead wire gauge is similar to a multi-section stick, and the claws of multiple lead wires can also be connected sequentially by the connecting plate. The lead claw is rotatably connected through a pin shaft.

本发明用一种简单的结构方便地实现了在三维空间内建立并延伸平面及转动直线。The invention conveniently realizes the establishment and extension of a plane and a rotating straight line in a three-dimensional space with a simple structure.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1a、b、c分别为被引线卡爪为矩形、引出线卡爪为梯形的引线规的主视图、俯视图和侧视图，图1d为图1c的I部放大图，图1e为图1a的A-A视图，图1f为图1a的B-B视图；Figures 1a, b, and c are the front view, top view, and side view of the lead gauge with the claws of the lead wires being rectangular and the claws of the lead wires being trapezoidal, respectively. A-A view, Fig. 1f is the B-B view of Fig. 1a;

图2a、b、c为用于封闭或半封闭空间且被引线卡爪为矩形的引线规的主视图、俯视图和侧视图，图2d为图2c的I部放大图，图2e为图2c的II部放大图，图2f为图2a的A-A视图，图2g为图2a的B-B视图；Fig. 2a, b, c are the front view, top view and side view of the lead gauge used in closed or semi-closed spaces and the lead claws are rectangular. Fig. 2d is the enlarged view of part I of Fig. 2c, Fig. 2e is the part of Fig. 2c The enlarged view of Part II, Fig. 2f is the A-A view of Fig. 2a, and Fig. 2g is the B-B view of Fig. 2a;

图3a、b、c为用于开放空间且被引线卡爪为梯形的引线规的主视图、俯视图和侧视图，图3d为图3c的I部放大图，图3e为图3a的A-A视图，图3f为图3a的B-B视图，图3g为图3c的C-C视图，图3h为图3c的D-D视图；Figure 3a, b, c are the front view, top view and side view of the lead gauge used in the open space and the lead claw is trapezoidal, Figure 3d is the enlarged view of part I of Figure 3c, Figure 3e is the A-A view of Figure 3a, Figure 3f is the B-B view of Figure 3a, Figure 3g is the C-C view of Figure 3c, and Figure 3h is the D-D view of Figure 3c;

图4a、b、c为用于封闭或半封闭空间且被引线卡爪为梯形的引线规的主视图、俯视图和侧视图，图4d为图4c的I部放大图，图4e为图4c的II部放大图，图4f为图4a的A-A视图，图4g为图4a的B-B视图，图4h为图4c的C-C视图，图4i为图4c的D-D视图；Figure 4a, b, c are the front view, top view and side view of the lead gauge used in closed or semi-closed spaces and the lead claws are trapezoidal, Figure 4d is an enlarged view of part I of Figure 4c, and Figure 4e is an enlarged view of Figure 4c Part II enlarged view, Fig. 4f is the A-A view of Fig. 4a, Fig. 4g is the B-B view of Fig. 4a, Fig. 4h is the C-C view of Fig. 4c, and Fig. 4i is the D-D view of Fig. 4c;

图5为本发明引线规的设计原理图；Fig. 5 is the design schematic diagram of lead gauge of the present invention;

图6、7为当引出线和被引线需要通过多个中间平面过渡时，结构类似多截棍的引线规。Figures 6 and 7 are lead gauges with a structure similar to multi-section sticks when the lead-out wire and the lead-in wire need to pass through multiple intermediate planes.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

本发明为一种引线规，其设计原理见图5。首先，假设三维空间中有两个相交平面A和平面C，交线为l0。用引线规建立一个平面B且平面B与平面A相交得一条直线l1。然后，随着引线规引出线卡爪的转动，将平面B分解成两个、三个或多个重合的位于同一个平面B内的小平面。最后，随着两个、三个或多个重合的小平面被依次展开，实现将平面B由第一个小平面延伸至第二个小平面，再由第二个小平面延伸至第三个小平面，依此类推，直至与平面C相交得一条直线l2，实现了平面B的延伸和交线l1在平面B内绕交线l0转动至交线l2。The present invention is a kind of lead gauge, and its design principle is shown in Fig. 5. First, suppose there are two intersecting planes A and C in the three-dimensional space, and the intersection line is l 0 . Use a lead gauge to establish a plane B and intersect plane B and plane A to obtain a straight line l 1 . Then, along with the rotation of the lead-out wire claws of the lead gauge, the plane B is decomposed into two, three or more overlapping small planes located in the same plane B. Finally, as two, three or more overlapping facets are unfolded sequentially, the plane B is extended from the first facet to the second facet, and then from the second facet to the third Small planes, and so on, until a straight line l 2 intersects with plane C, which realizes the extension of plane B and the intersection line l 1 rotates around the intersection line l 0 to the intersection line l 2 in plane B.

本发明引线规包括被引线卡爪1和引出线卡爪2，被引线卡爪1和引出线卡爪2位于一个平面内，二者可相对转动连接，引出线卡爪2带有棱边，与引出线所在平面依靠该棱边形成线接触，被引线卡爪1的底面与被引线所在的平面接触时可形成任意倾角。The lead wire gauge of the present invention includes a lead wire claw 1 and a lead wire claw 2, and the lead wire claw 1 and the lead wire claw 2 are located in a plane, and the two can be relatively rotatably connected, and the lead wire claw 2 has edges. The edge forms a line contact with the plane where the lead wire is located, and any inclination angle can be formed when the bottom surface of the lead claw 1 is in contact with the plane where the lead wire is located.

当被引线所在的平面和引线规所在的平面垂直时，被引线卡爪1截面为矩形，引出线卡爪2截面为梯形，梯形下底的一个棱边与引出线所在平面线接触；当被引线所在的平面和引线规所在的平面不垂直时，被引线卡爪1截面为梯形，梯形下底的一个棱边与被引出线所在平面线接触，被引线卡爪1绕此棱边转动使引线规所在的平面和被引出线所在平面形成任意角度，引出线卡爪2截面仍为梯形，梯形下底的一个棱边与引出线所在平面线接触。When the plane where the lead wire is located is perpendicular to the plane where the lead wire gauge is located, the cross section of the claw 1 of the lead wire is rectangular, the cross section of the claw 2 of the lead wire is trapezoidal, and one edge of the bottom of the trapezoid is in contact with the plane line where the lead wire is located; When the plane where the lead wire is located and the plane where the lead wire gauge is located are not perpendicular, the cross section of the lead claw 1 is trapezoidal, and one edge of the lower bottom of the trapezoid is in contact with the plane line where the lead wire is located, and the lead claw 1 rotates around this edge to make it The plane where the lead gauge is located and the plane where the lead-out line is located form any angle, and the cross-section of the lead-out line claw 2 is still trapezoidal, and an edge of the trapezoidal bottom is in contact with the plane line where the lead-out line is located.

当被引线所在的平面和引出线所在的平面为钝角时，引出线卡爪2和被引线卡爪1直接通过销轴3连接；当被引线所在的平面和引出线所在的平面为直角或锐角时，引出线卡爪2和被引线卡爪1通过连接板4连接，连接板4一端通过销轴3和引出线卡爪2连接，另一端通过另一个销轴3和被引出线卡爪1连接。When the plane where the lead wire is located and the plane where the lead wire is located are obtuse angles, the lead claw 2 and the lead claw 1 are directly connected by the pin shaft 3; when the plane where the lead wire is located and the plane where the lead wire is located are right angles or acute angles , the leading claw 2 and the lead claw 1 are connected through the connecting plate 4, one end of the connecting plate 4 is connected to the leading claw 2 through the pin 3, and the other end is connected to the leading claw 1 through another pin 3. connect.

当引出线和被引线需要通过多个中间平面过渡时，引线规的结构为类似多截棍，中间部分为多个连接板和被引出线卡爪依次连接，连接板4和引出线卡爪2、被引线卡爪1通过销轴3可转动连接。也When the lead wire and the lead wire need to transition through multiple intermediate planes, the structure of the lead wire gauge is similar to a multi-section stick, and the middle part is connected by multiple connecting plates and the claws of the lead wire in sequence. The connecting plate 4 and the claw of the lead wire 2 , The lead claw 1 is rotatably connected through the pin shaft 3 . also

图1、图2、图3和图4所示为本发明结构示意图。Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show the structure diagram of the present invention.

当被引线所在的平面A与引线规所在的平面B垂直时(见图5b、e)，此时引线规结构如图1、图2所示，被引线卡爪1截面为矩形，引出线卡爪2截面为梯形。引线时，矩形卡爪一个侧面与平面A上已知的一条直线l1对齐，另一个侧面使引线规确定的平面B固定，保证平面B与平面A垂直。转动梯形卡爪，使其底面的一条棱边与平面C接触，沿此棱边可作出直线l2，即为引出线。在更为特殊的情况下，平面A、平面B和平面C两两互相垂直(见图5c、f)，这时也用上述结构的引线规。When the plane A where the lead wire is located is perpendicular to the plane B where the lead wire gauge is located (see Figure 5b, e), the structure of the lead wire gauge is shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 at this time, and the cross section of the claw 1 of the lead wire is rectangular. The section of claw 2 is trapezoidal. When leading wires, one side of the rectangular claw is aligned with a known straight line l1 on plane A, and the other side fixes plane B determined by the lead gauge to ensure that plane B is perpendicular to plane A. Turn the trapezoidal claw so that one edge of the bottom surface is in contact with plane C, and a straight line l 2 can be drawn along this edge, which is the lead-out line. In a more special case, the plane A, the plane B and the plane C are perpendicular to each other (see Figure 5c, f), and at this time the lead gauge of the above structure is also used.

当被引线所在的平面A与引线规所在的平面B不垂直时(见图5a、d)，此时引线规结构如图3、图4所示，被引线卡爪1截面为梯形，引出线卡爪2截面也为梯形。引线时，被引线卡爪1梯形下底的一条棱边与平面A上已知的一条直线l1对齐，保证引线规所确定的平面B与平面A成任意夹角，引出线卡爪2梯形下底的一条棱边在平面C上确定平面B与平面C的交线l2。When the plane A where the lead wire is located is not perpendicular to the plane B where the lead wire gauge is located (see Figure 5a, d), the structure of the lead wire gauge at this time is shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, and the cross section of the claw 1 of the lead wire is trapezoidal. The cross section of the claw 2 is also trapezoidal. When leading the wire, an edge of the lower bottom of the trapezoidal jaw 1 is aligned with a known straight line l 1 on the plane A, ensuring that the plane B determined by the lead wire gauge forms an arbitrary angle with the plane A, and the lead-out claw 2 is trapezoidal An edge of the lower base defines in plane C the intersection line l 2 of plane B and plane C.

为了更方便地操作，当被引线所在平面A和引出线所在平面C形成开放空间的凸角时(即成钝角或直角，见图5d、e、f)，被引线卡爪1和引出线卡爪2直接通过销轴3连接(如图图1、图3所示)。当被引线所在平面A和引出线所在平面C形成半封闭或封闭空间内的凹角时(即成直角或锐角，见图5a、b、c)，为了防止在两平面相交的凹角处形成干涉，被引线卡爪1和引出线卡爪2不直接连接，而是通过连接板4连接，连接板4的两端分别通过销轴3与被引线卡爪1和引出线卡爪2连接(如图2、图4所示)，这样就通过连接板4避开了干涉。In order to operate more conveniently, when the plane A where the lead wire is located and the plane C where the lead wire is located form a convex angle of an open space (that is, an obtuse angle or a right angle, see Figure 5d, e, f), the claw 1 of the lead wire and the lead wire card Claw 2 is directly connected by pin shaft 3 (as shown in Figures 1 and 3). When the plane A where the lead wire is located and the plane C where the lead wire is located form a concave angle in a semi-enclosed or closed space (that is, a right angle or an acute angle, see Figure 5a, b, c), in order to prevent interference at the concave corner where the two planes intersect, The leaded wire claw 1 and the lead wire claw 2 are not directly connected, but are connected through the connecting plate 4, and the two ends of the connecting plate 4 are respectively connected with the lead wire claw 1 and the lead wire claw 2 through the pin shaft 3 (as shown in Fig. 2, shown in Figure 4), thus avoiding interference through the connecting plate 4.

本发明中，利用销轴3实现实现卡爪之间、连接板4和卡爪之间的开合动作，而连接板4则将卡爪与卡爪连接起来。为了防止卡爪沿销轴3窜动，在销3轴两端安装有挡板5。In the present invention, the pin shaft 3 is used to realize the opening and closing action between the claws, between the connecting plate 4 and the claws, and the connecting plate 4 connects the claws. In order to prevent the claw from moving along the pin shaft 3, baffle plates 5 are installed at the two ends of the pin 3 shaft.

当引出线和被引线需要通过多个中间平面过渡时，引线规的结构为类似多截棍，多个被引出线卡爪依次可转动连接(见图6、图7)。相应地，通过无限地增加梯形卡爪和连接板的数量，可使建立并延伸平面及转动直线的范围无限扩大。When the lead wire and the lead wire need to transition through multiple intermediate planes, the structure of the lead wire gauge is similar to a multi-section stick, and multiple lead wire claws are rotatably connected in turn (see Figure 6, Figure 7). Correspondingly, by infinitely increasing the number of trapezoidal claws and connecting plates, the range of establishing and extending planes and rotating straight lines can be infinitely expanded.

Claims (5)

1. lead-in wire rule, it is characterized in that: comprise by lead-in wire claw and lead-out wire claw, be positioned at a plane by lead-in wire claw and lead-out wire claw, the two can relatively rotate connection, lead-out wire claw is with seamed edge, lead-out wire claw and lead-out wire place plane rely on this seamed edge to form line and contacts, and the bottom surface of the claw that go between and quilt can form arbitrary angle while going between the plane contact at place.
2. a kind of lead-in wire rule according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when vertical by the plane at the plane at lead-in wire place and lead-in wire rule place, be rectangle by lead-in wire claw cross section, lead-out wire claw cross section is trapezoidal, and a trapezoidal seamed edge of going to the bottom contacts with lead-out wire place planar line; When by the plane out of plumb at the plane at lead-in wire place and lead-in wire rule place, be trapezoidal by lead-in wire claw cross section, trapezoidal seamed edge of going to the bottom with contacted by lead-out wire place planar line, rotated and make the plane at lead-in wire rule place and formed arbitrarily angled by lead-out wire place plane around this seamed edge by lead-in wire claw, lead-out wire claw cross section is still trapezoidal, and a trapezoidal seamed edge of going to the bottom contacts with lead-out wire place planar line.
3. a kind of rule that go between according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: in the time that the gone between plane at place and the plane at lead-out wire place are obtuse angle, lead-out wire claw is directly connected by bearing pin with the claw that gone between; In the time that the gone between plane at place and the plane at lead-out wire place are right angle or acute angle, lead-out wire claw is connected by connecting plate with the claw that gone between, connecting plate one end is connected with lead-out wire claw by bearing pin, the other end by another bearing pin be connected by lead-out wire claw.
4. a kind of lead-in wire rule according to claim 3, is characterized in that: when lead-out wire with by lead-in wire need to be by multiple mid-plane transition time, the structure that lead-in wire is advised be similar many sections of rods, are multiplely rotatably connected successively by lead-out wire claw.
5. a kind of lead-in wire rule according to claim 4, is characterized in that: multiplely connected successively by connecting plate by lead-out wire claw, connecting plate and lead-out wire claw, the claw that gone between are rotatably connected by bearing pin.
CN201410135441.2A 2014-04-03 2014-04-03 Lead gauge Active CN103909773B (en)

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CN1407316A (en) * 2001-06-25 2003-04-02 斯温森工具有限公司 Measuring and marking tool of construction worker
CN201140629Y (en) * 2007-12-25 2008-10-29 甘省文 Locate in-place intersection ruler of aopography
CN201552905U (en) * 2009-12-03 2010-08-18 王凯 Universal set square
US20120285028A1 (en) * 2011-05-10 2012-11-15 Atwood Raymond E Tool system for layout of a pitch
CN102950940A (en) * 2012-11-28 2013-03-06 刘傲然 Multifunctional ruler
CN203019909U (en) * 2012-11-28 2013-06-26 刘傲然 Multifunctional ruler
CN203046638U (en) * 2012-12-31 2013-07-10 哈尔滨金融高等专科学校 Multipurpose ruler for drawing lines for teaching
CN203198512U (en) * 2013-04-11 2013-09-18 黄胜刚 Novel multifunctional teaching ruler
CN203511079U (en) * 2013-10-28 2014-04-02 湖北工业大学 Multifunctional teaching ruler

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1407316A (en) * 2001-06-25 2003-04-02 斯温森工具有限公司 Measuring and marking tool of construction worker
CN201140629Y (en) * 2007-12-25 2008-10-29 甘省文 Locate in-place intersection ruler of aopography
CN201552905U (en) * 2009-12-03 2010-08-18 王凯 Universal set square
US20120285028A1 (en) * 2011-05-10 2012-11-15 Atwood Raymond E Tool system for layout of a pitch
CN102950940A (en) * 2012-11-28 2013-03-06 刘傲然 Multifunctional ruler
CN203019909U (en) * 2012-11-28 2013-06-26 刘傲然 Multifunctional ruler
CN203046638U (en) * 2012-12-31 2013-07-10 哈尔滨金融高等专科学校 Multipurpose ruler for drawing lines for teaching
CN203198512U (en) * 2013-04-11 2013-09-18 黄胜刚 Novel multifunctional teaching ruler
CN203511079U (en) * 2013-10-28 2014-04-02 湖北工业大学 Multifunctional teaching ruler

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