CN1406814A - Technology of volume attachment onto ship against sink and floatation cabin and ship thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

An anti-sinking technique for steel ship features the floating cabins filled by foam plastics are arranged in the ship to increase its buoyance and the ship hull is water-tight to form a dual-float system. Even if one of the cabins in ship is broken, the ship can not be sunk.

Description

Boats and ships are joined long-pending anti-heavy technology and buoyancy module and are joined long-pending not wreck

One, denomination of invention: boats and ships are joined long-pending anti-heavy technology and buoyancy module and are joined long-pending not wreck

The invention belongs to safety of ship prevention of accident technology.

Boats and ships sinking in danger is a present international and domestic all long-term unsolved problem.

Existing ship Counter-Flooding technology has high-strength marine steel material on material, watertight compartment (door), double bottom, freeboard (cabin or the water inlet of number cabin are not heavy) are arranged on appliance arrangement, and unloading, draining, leak stopping etc. are arranged when in danger.All these technology all drop on " watertight " two words.Boats and ships watertight state is intact to be that boats and ships obtain prerequisite and the basis that necessary buoyancy is supported.In case the water inlet of serious damage takes place and when uncontrollable, boats and ships will be intake in a large number.Whenever advance one ton of water and just reduce by one ton of buoyancy, until sinking.This process is very fast.There is accident record to prove that certain ship sinks from having an accident to only second surplus in the of 30.Should admit that the anti-heavy technology of existing watertight for keeping the good floading condition of boats and ships, guarantees that boats and ships and personnel's safety is actv., necessary.But the watertightness performance of boats and ships is good again, under the situation of in danger or war, still has the possibility of damage water inlet sinking.This is true.(the main reference book: learn thick gloomy Liu of intelligence Liu and increase honor and write press of HUST in October, 1998 " Principles of Ship Designing " side)

The 758th page of first row of " Polyurethane foam " book (2 editions Beijing Chemical Industry Press reprint in March, 1999) of writing according to another Fang Yusheng, Zhu Lvmin etc.: " in ship building industry; Polyurethane foam is to the special effect of salvaging a sunken ship ", " ship of also can cannot not making heavyly." the 796th page of inverse the 7th row: " and the hard PUF ships and light boats that strengthen with glass fibre, light weight high strength not only, and a small amount of leak had from close property, do not sink." I think that generally so-called now " not shipwreck " just is meant the above-mentioned PUF minitype ship that strengthens with glass fibre.But the iron and steel jumbo ship of concrete ship, thousands of ton, offshore drilling ship ship water inlet entirely do not sink and but have never heard of.It is international and domestic that constantly to have the shipwreck accident to take place be exactly to prove.

Purpose of the present invention is exactly will solve steel boats and ships, offshore drilling ship and other have the buoyancy aid of sinking resistent requirement that the problem of shipwreck accident does not take place under the situation of fully loaded damage in danger, serious, full ship water inlet.

Two, content of the present invention

(1) according to the principle of Archimedes's the law of buoyancy, the buoyancy that the object of constant weight is subjected in water is directly relevant with the volume of this object.There is volume that displacement is just arranged, buoyancy is just arranged.Volume is big more, and displacement is big more, buoyancy is also big more.When the weight of this object and the ratio of volume (being proportion) during less than the proportion of water this object just be in the state of keeping afloat.

(2) according to above-mentioned principle, I---the clear boats and ships of Chinese's week generation grey hair are joined long-pending anti-heavy technology, are called for short boats and ships and join long-pending technology.Belong to basic invention.

What so-called boats and ships joined that long-pending anti-heavy technology is meant for the balance that still keeps boats and ships gravity and buoyancy after the water inlet of boats and ships damage in advance on boats and ships configuration capacity joins long-pending thing (as rigid foam), this is joined amass thing and become the requisite component part of boats and ships and be combined into an integral body securely with boats and ships.Thereby what increase boats and ships self solid-stately has an annular volume, makes boats and ships under the situation of fully loaded damage water inlet, and still less than the proportion of water, boats and ships are still because the technology that has the buoyancy support of the intrinsic displacement generation of own vol cannot not keep heavy for total proportion of boats and ships.

(3) join long-pending thing.Join in the long-pending technology at boats and ships, all density all can be used as less than the solid matter of water joins long-pending thing, but need possess following performance: density is little, volume greatly, do not absorb water, anti-burning, ageing-resistant, be difficult for degraded, have certain mechanical strength, can to bear compressive deformation few.Therefore, adopting the RPUF of the rigid foam prescription foaming of back-fire relief lower density closed pore is the preferred material of joining long-pending thing.Next is the hard polystyrene foamed plastic.

(4) join long-pending amount.Require to join the proportion of the total proportion of long-pending back boats and ships in theory, more complicated, loaded down with trivial details but strict calculating is got up less than water.Joining long-pending amount in the practical application satisfies following formula and gets final product.

V is for joining long-pending amount in V=W (1+ ρ) formula, and unit is a cubic meter, and W is a ship design drinking water draining value, and ρ is for joining long-pending thing density value.

So both simple, reliable, can integrate with supporting with the existing ship design and manufacturing technology again.

(5) join long-pending mode.Buoyancy module is the main long-pending mode of joining.In addition, under suitable situation, the thickness of Polyurethane foam sprayed coating that increases wallboard, top board, the floor of all kinds of cabins, superstructure also is to join long-pending effective means.

(6) join long-pending device.Promptly join long-pending cabin, be called for short buoyancy module.It is dependent invention.

Buoyancy module is to join long-pending thing and boats and ships are combined into a single-piece device securely, is real cabin.Fill up in the cabin and join long-pending thing, do not need watertight, only need to allow and join long-pending thing and firmly be deposited in the buoyancy module just.

(7) position of buoyancy module.

1. the space of putting the cabin and not using of having time all should be used as buoyancy module.

2. in the double bottom, bottom side tank, side of a ship wing tank, top side tank all can be used as buoyancy module and use.

3. except that cabin, shaft tunnel chamber, ballast tank, steering engine room etc. must be arranged in hold, its following complementary space of main deck should at first consider to arrange buoyancy module.

4. buoyancy module should be arranged in the following boats and ships main body of main deck as far as possible.Be preferably in main deck and divide into overhead bin as buoyancy module.The most effective so also the most favourable, buoyancy distribution is even.Even the damage water inlet, main deck still can surface reposefully, helps rescue.

5. cover decked ship and also can utilize it to pick up the space of covering between deck and main deck to make buoyancy module and use for large-scale picking up.

6. nervous and only require the heavy boats and ships of water inlet for volume of compartment, as freighter etc., the part buoyancy module is arranged in that space more than the main deck also do not have can not.

7. also buoyancy module can be set inside and outside the superstructure.

8. can consider slightly to increase moldeed depth in case of necessity, for the safety meter also is worth in the overall arrangement of when design for new ship.

(8) join long-pending not wreck

Using boats and ships and join the not wreck that long-pending technology is provided with buoyancy module and claim to join long-pending not wreck, also is dependent invention.

This boats and ships are different with existing ship, and it has dual buoyancy system.Watertight technology buoyancy is provided by watertight shell main body displacement; Joining long-pending technology buoyancy is provided by boats and ships own vol displacement, is the buoyancy backup.The buoyancy support of dual buoyancy system structure from having guaranteed that in essence boats and ships are essential.Such boats and ships are not wrecks of iron and steel truly.

(9) boats and ships are joined long-pending anti-heavy technology and can be used to make or transform concrete ship, steel boats and ships, offshore drilling ship and other buoyancy aids waterborne that sinking resistent requirement is arranged for joining long-pending not wreck, buoyancy aid.

Three, effect of the present invention

Direct effect of the present invention is to make safety of ship break away from unique dependence to the watertight technology, has solved the problem of international and domestic long-term unsolved boats and ships sinking in danger.Ship is ruined the shipwreck accident that the people dies and is expected to obtain obvious minimizing.Conscientiously guaranteed safety in production.The navigation, marine operation, ocean engineering project, the forbidden zone that stop for the safety of ship consideration are expected to reduce.In the war to bombard and sink enemy warship, dead and wounded fighter's quantity statistics combat success, deciding.On warship, use the loss that the present invention can strengthen military strength and reduce naval vessels, personnel in the fight.

Four, embodiment and step

(1) select several dissimilar, tonne vessel disposed of by scrapping as implementing boats and ships.Implement respectively according to freighter, earlier civilian back army-accepted order behind fully loaded behind big ship, the first clean ship behind the first canoe, elder generation's simple back complexity, the first passenger boat.

(2) the designed draft displacement that provides according to the marine technology data determines to join long-pending amount.

(3) require to determine to join long-pending mode and buoyancy module position and distribution according to boats and ships purposes and floading condition, stability.

(4) buoyancy module has been reinforced in fabrication and installation.

(5) preferred best back-fire relief closed pore RPUF density prescription.

(6) with mechanical or manual foam process in-site pouring or spraying application, finish and join long-pending engineering.

(7) once check for engineering total data, process, quality.

(8) determine errorless after, the ship that discharges water or pour water into can carry out real inspection to the full ship water inlet of this ship insubmersibility.

Claims (9)

1. boats and ships are joined long-pending anti-heavy method, it is characterized in that with rigid foam as joining long-pending thing, connect to an integral body with buoyancy module and the mode and the boats and ships that increase ship's space fitting-out foamed plastic layer thickness, what increase boats and ships self solid-stately has an annular volume, constitutes ship buoyance and backs up.Make boats and ships still not heavy under the situation of fully loaded damage water inlet.

2. method according to claim 1, the solid matter that it is characterized in that selecting for use density to be lower than water is as joining long-pending thing.As the hard low density polyurethane foam of back-fire relief closed pore or closed pore low-density polystyrene foamed plastic etc.

3. according to claim 1 and the described method of claim 2, it is characterized in that joining long-pending amount determine with ship design drinking water displacement serve as according to and satisfy following formula and get final product:

V＝W(1+ρ)

V is for joining long-pending amount in the formula, and unit is a cubic meter, and W is a ship design drinking water draining value, and ρ is for joining long-pending thing density value.

4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that with buoyancy module and the thickness that increases ship's space fitting-out layer hard foam for joining long-pending mode.

5. join long-pending cabin (buoyancy module), it is characterized in that real cabin, fill up in the cabin and join long-pending thing and firmly be deposited in the cabin.

6. according to the buoyancy module of claim 5, it is characterized in that the boats and ships main deck divide into the top set cabin or make full use of have time put in cabin and the double bottom and various wing tanks as buoyancy module.

7. according to the buoyancy module of claim 5, its feature also is and can inside and outside space more than the boats and ships main deck and superstructure buoyancy module be set.

8. join long-pending not wreck, it is characterized in that using boats and ships and join long-pending technology, on boats and ships, be provided with and join long-pending cabin, have the dual buoyancy system that comprises watertight buoyancy and join long-pending buoyancy.

9. join long-pending anti-heavy technology according to the boats and ships of claim 1, claim 5 and claim 8, it is characterized in that to make in view of the above or transforming concrete ship, steel boats and ships, offshore drilling ship and other buoyancy aids waterborne that sinking resistent requirement is arranged for joining long-pending not wreck, buoyancy aid.