CN1402143A - Flow control method based on feedback of client terminal - Google Patents
Flow control method based on feedback of client terminal Download PDFInfo
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- CN1402143A CN1402143A CN 02129256 CN02129256A CN1402143A CN 1402143 A CN1402143 A CN 1402143A CN 02129256 CN02129256 CN 02129256 CN 02129256 A CN02129256 A CN 02129256A CN 1402143 A CN1402143 A CN 1402143A
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Abstract
A throughput control method based on client feedback includes starting broadcast-on-demand service according to standard RTSP protocol on client and server, counting the information about received data packets by client, sending feedbakc information to server, receiving the information by server, regulating transmission speed by server according to lost package rate, and transmitting video file in batche by server until all files are transmitted. Its advantages are smooth transmission speed, low network load and good watching effect at client terminal.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of computer multimedia, particularly stream media technology and Play Control agreement
Background technology
In the past, the most of data that transmit on the network were text data.Today, along with the raising of multimedia and network technology, multimedia becomes feature indispensable on the internet.Present multi-medium data issuing on network mainly taked the form of Streaming Media.Streaming Media is meant the continuous time-base media that uses the stream transmission technology in Intemet/Intranet, as: audio frequency, video or multimedia file.Streaming video is not downloaded whole file before broadcast, only will begin part and deposit internal memory in, and the data stream of streaming video transmits at any time at any time and plays, and some delays are just arranged at the beginning the time.
The major control agreement that multimedia is used in real time on the network is RTSP (real-time streaming protocol) at present, and it is a client server multimedia programming agreement, can control the transmission of streamed multimedia data on IP network.It is provided for the remote control function of audio and video stream, for example: play, stop, F.F., rewind down and location.Data source comprises live data and storage segment.RTSP (real-time streaming protocol) is an application layer protocol, and being used for provides a whole set of fluidisation service based on the internet with such as the agreement of low layer more such as RTP (RTP), RSVP (RSVP).It can select sendaisle, for example: UDP (User Datagram Protoco (UDP)), multicast UDP and TCP (transmission control protocol) and based on the transmit mechanism of RTP (RTP).It can serve many clients multicast and single spectators' program request.
The basic procedure of RTSP (real-time streaming protocol) work is as shown in Figure 1:
Client is to media server A (audio.example.com) and film of V (video.example.com) request.Media description is stored on the web page server.Media description comprises program description and its whole streams, comprises available coded message, dynamic RTP loadtype, protocol stack and content information, for example language and copyright restrictions.It can provide the time of film equally.
Concrete steps are as follows:
1. send the media information request of obtaining to web page server
2. web page server returns corresponding media information
3. send the establishment conversation request to audio server
4. audio server returns the corresponding information of creating session
5. send the establishment conversation request to video server
6. video server returns the corresponding information of creating session
7. send playing request to video server
8. video server is created the session success
9. send playing request to audio server
10. audio server is created the session success
11. send the destruction conversation request to audio server
12. audio server is destroyed the session success
13. send the destruction conversation request to video server
14. video server is destroyed the session success
RTP (RTP) is a kind of host-host protocol that is used on the internet at multimedia data stream.RTP be defined in one to one or the transmission situation of one-to-many under work, its objective is provides temporal information and realizes that stream is synchronously.
Itself comprises two parts Real-time Transport Protocol: RTP and RTCP (RTCP Real-time Transport Control Protocol).For reliably, transmit real time data efficiently, RTP and RTCP must be used, and usually, the quantity of RTCP bag accounts for 5% of all transmission quantities.
The RTP RTP is mainly used in the load multi-medium data, and makes it have real-time feature by the configuration of packet header time parameter.The RTCP transmission control protocol is mainly used in the transmission RTCP bag in cycle, monitors the service quality of RTP transmission.In the RTCP bag, contain the quantity of data packets that has sent, the statistical data of losing such as quantity of data packets, therefore, server can utilize these information dynamically to change transfer rate, even the change PT Payload Type, realize flow control and congested control service.RTP itself can not provide reliable transfer mechanism for transfer data packets in order, and flow control or congested control are not provided yet, and its relies on RTCP transmission control protocol that these services are provided.
The control protocol RTCP of RTP finishes functions such as monitoring service quality and exchange session user profile by periodically submit the control message between session subscriber.According to the data transmission feedback information between the user, can formulate the strategy of flow control, and session subscriber information is mutual, can formulate the strategy of session control.
Rtcp protocol sends to all connectionists with the controlling packet cycle, uses the distribution mechanism identical with data message.Underlying protocol provides the multiplexing of data and controlling packet, as uses independent UDP (User Datagram Protoco (UDP)) port numbers.
The RTCP working method is as shown in Figure 2:
1. in Streaming Media normal play process, server issues packet
2. client is opened a timer, approximately every 5 seconds, adopts udp protocol, sends back information to server
3. in the RTCP back information, a series of statistical informations such as packet loss have been comprised.
But because Streaming Media is for the having relatively high expectations of real-time, 5 seconds back informations once in this case, just seem too very long, can't satisfy the requirement of current streaming media video program request.In addition, the back information of RTCP transmits by UDP, and UDP itself is unreliable host-host protocol, and therefore, when certain special circumstances appearred in network, RTCP information was just very likely lost.Like this, (for the streaming media video program request) for a comparatively long period of time, server just can't be known the state of client, can only blindly issue packet.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, propose a kind of new flow control methods based on client feedback.Adopt the present invention, on existing real time streaming protocol (rtsp) basis, server can be according to the network actual available bandwidth of client passback, initiatively abandon a part of packet, level and smooth transmission rate alleviates network burden, and to a certain extent, guarantee the viewing effect of client.
A kind of flow control methods based on client feedback that the present invention proposes is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) client and server secundum legem RTSP agreement is opened order program service;
2) client statistics packet-related information according to certain condition, sends feedback information to server;
3) server is received after the client feedback information, according to the client packet loss levels, adjusts transmission rate;
4) server issues video file in batches, and client then continues step 2, sends until all videos file to finish.
The above-mentioned the 2nd) in the step, specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) sets up timer in client, at regular intervals, relevant information is added up, obtain corresponding packet loss levels by client;
(2) when the client packet loss levels surpasses this threshold value continuously for several times, client will send the feedback information of packet loss to server.
Said relevant information comprises: three of actual available network bandwidth, packet loss, local cpu utilization factor, wherein actual available network bandwidth reflection be the take situation of current data stream to network interface card, be not whole flows of network interface card; Packet loss be client in the certain hour, according to the sequence number in packet header, the statistics of carrying out for the reception entire packet; The local cpu utilization factor is the occupancy of local cpu in the actual moving process.
Said packet loss levels is meant three Information Statistics results' of client overall target, and as criterion, establishes a threshold value;
The concrete grammar that said client will send the feedback information of packet loss to server is:
(1) on RTSP agreement basis, expand a feedback (ECHO) order, by the control channel of real-time stream RTSP, the form with RTSP message passes back to server;
(2) client sends after the feedback information, will continue relevant information is added up, and when surpassing threshold value, continue to send to server.
The above-mentioned the 3rd) in the step, server is adjusted transmission rate, and concrete grammar can be:
1) when the packet loss levels of client statistics during greater than setting threshold, that is: the packet loss situation of client is more and more under the serious situation, server will think that packet issues the ability to bear that speed has surpassed current network and client, has influenced the viewing effect of client.Therefore, server will be according to the difference of client for video, audio sensitivity, and the difference of video packets of data importance, initiatively abandon the unimportant video packets of data of a part, to reduce transmission rate, slow down network pressure, improve the viewing effect of client.
2) if in the certain hour behind server active packet loss, the packet loss levels of client statistics is lower than this threshold value, thinks that then the current network condition improves, server will increase the transmission rate of packet, so that client obtains better viewing effect.
3) if in the certain hour behind server active packet loss, the packet loss levels of client statistics is still greater than certain threshold value, and server is a step packet discard nearly, till entire packet is voice data.
Characteristics of the present invention:
Method of the present invention can be provided with the clock period by client oneself, and statistical dependence information sends the feedback information that comprises packet loss levels to server.The present invention is by having expanded the RTSP agreement, on its original base, increase an order, be used for returning client feedback information, when these information display network available bandwidths sharply descend, server can be according to this information, initiatively abandon a certain amount of packet, adjust transmission rate, to reduce transmission rate.
Advantage of the present invention:
1. real-time back information has satisfied the demand that Streaming Media is used real-time.
2. under equal conditions, reduced by two return paths, reduced for network resources demand.
3. server reduces the number of giving out a contract for a project according to the network actual available bandwidth, and smoothly packet sending speed reduces the network congestion situation, satisfies the demand that client is watched to a certain extent.
4. realized the intellectuality of Network Control Protocol.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is RTSP agreement (real-time streaming protocol) workflow diagram of standard.
Fig. 2 is rtcp protocol (RTCP Real-time Transport Control Protocol) workflow diagram of standard.
Fig. 3 is the inventive method embodiment overview flow chart.
Embodiment
A kind of flow control methods based on client feedback that the present invention proposes reaches specific embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and is described in detail as follows:
The inventive method specific embodiment overall procedure mainly may further comprise the steps as shown in Figure 3:
1) between client and the server, establishing criteria RTSP agreement is opened video-on-demand service;
2) client is set up timer in receiving process data packet.Every one second, relevant information (network actual available bandwidth, packet loss and cpu busy percentage) is added up, and with threshold ratio (here preset threshold with the network actual available bandwidth be not less than 500kbsp, packet loss less than 10%, cpu busy percentage is lower than 35% and sets);
3) when the viewing effect variation of client, that is: the relevant information of statistics is higher than setting threshold continuous three times, client is set at 1 with packet loss levels, and (the present invention is on RTSP agreement basis to server to send the feedback information that comprises packet loss levels, for it expands an order: feedback (ECHO), be used for the passback of packet loss levels, mail to server by client.Therefore, the packet loss levels of client feedback will be by the control channel of real-time streaming protocol RTSP, and the form with RTSP message passes back to server);
4) when the packet loss levels of client is 1, server will abandon 25% video packets of data, and adjust transmission rate, passback standard RTSP message;
5) if this moment, network condition continued to worsen, the viewing effect of client is still very poor, that is: relevant information is higher than setting threshold still continuous three times, and client is set at 2 with packet loss levels, and will continue to send feedback information to server;
6) after receiving client feedback message, server will abandon 50% video packets of data, and adjust transmission rate, passback standard RTSP message;
7) if network condition continuation this moment worsens, the viewing effect of client still can not get improving, client further is set at 3,4,5 with packet loss levels, and server then continues packet discard: 75% video packets of data, the video packets of data that only comprises the I frame are packets of audio data to total data;
8) as if a certain moment, network condition takes a turn for the better, that is: the relevant information of client statistics is lower than preset threshold continuous five times, and client is set at 0 with packet loss levels, and server issues recovery data packets, and adjusts transmission rate.
Server is adjusted the corresponding relation such as the table 1 of the concrete packet loss levels of transmission rate and the number of giving out a contract for a project:
Table 1:
Client packet loss levels server issues the packet amount
0 100% video packets of data (P frame) and all audio frequency packet
1 75% video packets of data (P frame) and all audio frequency packet
2 50% video packets of data (P frame) and all audio frequency packet
3 25% video packets of data (P frame) and all audio frequency packet
4 only comprise the video packets of data and all audio frequency packet of I frame
5 only issue packets of audio data
Server abandons the packet of respective numbers according to table 1 li listed corresponding relation, to adjust transmission rate, alleviates network burden, makes client obtain best viewing quality to a certain extent.The server configures of present embodiment:
CPU：Intel?PIII?1GHz
Internal memory: 128M
Operating system: RedHat 7.1 Linux Server
Streaming media server: LSMP Streaming Server client configuration:
CPU：Intel?PIII?800MHz
Internal memory: 128M
Operating system: Windows 2000 Professional
Player: LSMP Media Player
Claims (6)
1, a kind of flow control methods based on client feedback is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) client and server secundum legem real-time streaming protocol is opened order program service;
2) client statistics packet-related information according to certain condition, sends feedback information to server;
3) server is received after the client feedback information, according to the client packet loss levels, adjusts transmission rate;
4) server issues video file in batches, and client then continues step 2, sends until all videos file to finish.
2, the flow control methods based on client feedback as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the said the 2nd) and the step, specifically may further comprise the steps:
(1) sets up timer in client, at regular intervals, relevant information is added up, obtain corresponding packet loss levels by client;
(2) when the client packet loss levels surpasses this threshold value continuously for several times, client will send the feedback information of packet loss to server.
3, the flow control methods based on client feedback as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, said relevant information comprises: three of actual available network bandwidth, packet loss, local cpu utilization factor, wherein actual available network bandwidth reflection be the take situation of current data stream to network interface card; Packet loss be client in the certain hour, according to the sequence number in packet header, the statistics of carrying out for the reception entire packet; The local cpu utilization factor is the occupancy of local cpu in the actual moving process.
4, the flow control methods based on client feedback as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, said packet loss levels is meant three Information Statistics results' of client overall target, and as criterion, establishes a threshold value.
5, the flow control methods based on client feedback as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the concrete grammar that said client will send the feedback information of packet loss to server is:
(1) on the real-time streaming protocol basis, expand a feedback command, by the control channel of real-time streaming protocol, the form with real-time streaming protocol message passes back to server;
(2) client sends after the feedback information, will continue relevant information is added up, and when surpassing threshold value, continue to send to server.
6, the flow control methods based on client feedback as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the said the 3rd) server is adjusted transmission rate in the step, and concrete steps comprise:
1) when the packet loss levels of client statistics during greater than setting threshold, server to reduce transmission rate, slows down network pressure with initiatively abandoning the unimportant video packets of data of a part, improves the viewing effect of client;
2) if in the certain hour behind server active packet loss, the packet loss levels of client statistics is lower than this threshold value, server will increase the transmission rate of packet, so that client obtains better viewing effect;
3) if in the certain hour behind server active packet loss, the packet loss levels of client statistics is still greater than certain threshold value, and server is a step packet discard nearly, till entire packet is voice data.
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| CNB021292566A CN1156125C (en) | 2002-09-29 | 2002-09-29 | Flow control method based on feedback of client terminal |
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| CNB021292566A CN1156125C (en) | 2002-09-29 | 2002-09-29 | Flow control method based on feedback of client terminal |
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| WO2019062129A1 (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2019-04-04 | 深圳市道通智能航空技术有限公司 | Serial duplex communication method and device, and computer readable storage medium |
| WO2020259448A1 (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-12-30 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Data processing method and apparatus, computer-readable storage medium, and electronic device |
| CN110248256B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2021-09-10 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Data processing method and device, storage medium and electronic device |
| CN110248256A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-17 | 腾讯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Processing method and processing device, storage medium and the electronic device of data |
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| US11848969B2 (en) | 2019-06-25 | 2023-12-19 | Tencent Technology (Shenzhen) Company Limited | Video and audio data processing method and apparatus, computer-readable storage medium, and electronic apparatus |
| CN112152934A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2020-12-29 | 北京天德科技有限公司 | Explicit feedback data flow control |
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| CN114040227A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-02-11 | 游密科技(深圳)有限公司 | Audio and video playing control method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN114422553A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-29 | 北京恒济引航科技股份有限公司 | Outfield terminal data transmission system and method for intelligent channel connection |
| CN114422553B (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2024-02-20 | 北京恒济引航科技股份有限公司 | Intelligent channel connection outfield terminal data transmission system and method |
| WO2024022448A1 (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2024-02-01 | 展讯通信（上海）有限公司 | Data transmission method and related apparatus |
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