CN1401456A - Laser texturing machine adopting laser focusing head array - Google Patents
Laser texturing machine adopting laser focusing head array Download PDFInfo
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- CN1401456A CN1401456A CN 02136854 CN02136854A CN1401456A CN 1401456 A CN1401456 A CN 1401456A CN 02136854 CN02136854 CN 02136854 CN 02136854 A CN02136854 A CN 02136854A CN 1401456 A CN1401456 A CN 1401456A
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910019655 synthetic inorganic crystalline material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;oxygen(2-);yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Y+3] JNDMLEXHDPKVFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910019901 yttrium aluminum garnet Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A laser texturing machine adopting a laser focusing head array is suitable for texturing treatment on a metal surface. Laser beams emitted by the laser are amplified by the laser, and then are divided into a plurality of beams by the beam splitter, and the beams are transmitted to the K is more than or equal to 2 laser condenser heads through a plurality of optical fibers. The laser light-gathering head is placed on a small movable platform which can move relative to the working platform, and the laser light-gathering head forms a rectangle, an oblique parallelogram or a linear array. The working platform is placed on a laser rotating shaft of the numerical control machine tool. The roller to be roughened is placed on a roller rotating shaft of a numerical control machine tool. The rotation of the rotating shaft and the movement of the working platform on the guide rail are controlled by a numerical control machine tool, so that a light focus output by the laser light-gathering head scans on the surface of the roller to be roughened, and the lattice distribution of the roughened pits is formed. Compared with the prior art, the laser texturing machine can shorten texturing time, can use a laser with lower modulation frequency, and has good distribution macroscopic uniformity of a textured pit lattice.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention is a kind of laser roughening machine that adopts laser focusing head array.The texturing that is adapted to the metal surface is handled.
Background technology:
As everyone knows, the surface of steel plate all will be handled through texturing, and they form by the texturing roll compaction.The roller surface texturing is to adopt sandblast to form surface texturing the earliest.Spark technology has appearred in the 70-80 age, forms the texturing hole with discharge at roller surface.Developed laser technology about the nineties again, laser beam has been focused on roller surface carry out roller texturing.This technology is called the texturing technology of the third generation.Adopt the CO of pulse
2Neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum garnet crystal (Nd:YAG) laser instrument of laser instrument or acousto-optic modulation carries out helical scanning with the laser that focuses on roll crown, the texturing hole that produces a rule from the teeth outwards distributes.
Laser roughening is compared with shot-peening or electric spark, and it is regular that the texturing hole distributes, and (and the former is a random distribution), and decorative pattern is adjustable; In hitting the process in hole, also experienced heat treatment in addition, thereby case hardness increases to some extent also.Laser roughening machine all is to adopt single laser focusing head, carries out single helical scan but up to the present.Thereby its shortcoming is that texturing efficient is low, and used time of texturing is oversize, expects naturally adopting a plurality of laser focusing heads for this reason.Because the spacing in texturing hole is generally 150-200 μ m, with the laser roughening machine of mean power hectowatt grade with single laser focusing head to line up such array be impossible, if adopt the texturing of a few stature subregion, because the difference of several roads laser and the linking difficulty of zones of different, the uniformity of texturing is very poor.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention adopts a kind of laser focusing head array of large scale in order to solve the difficulty in the above-mentioned technology formerly, produces intensive texturing hole dot matrix, realizes the texturing to the texturing roll.The different texturings hole that discrepant laser beam is produced mixes distribution, and the texturing time is shortened greatly.
The concrete structure of laser roughening machine of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.Comprise: Digit Control Machine Tool 7, roll rotating shaft 701 that is parallel to each other and guide rail 702 on the Digit Control Machine Tool 7, be seated in the workbench 1 (can do three-dimensional motion) on the guide rail 702, be seated in the little mobile platform 101,102,103,104,105 that K 〉=1 relative position on the workbench 1 can move; Contain the laser focusing head array 2 that the laser focusing head 201,202,203,204,205,206 of condenser is formed by K 〉=2.K 〉=2 optical fiber 3 that is connected with the input of K 〉=2 laser focusing head 201,202,203,204,205,206 all is connected the light beam output of beam splitter 4.On the light path between beam splitter 4 light beam inputs and the laser instrument 6, laser amplifier 5 is arranged.On each little mobile platform 101,102,103,104,105, put a laser focusing head 201,202,203,204,205,206.Can directly be fixed on the workbench 1 for first laser focusing head 201, other laser focusing head 202,203,204,205,206 is separately fixed on the little mobile platform 101,102,103,104,105, shown in Fig. 1-2, Fig. 2-1, Fig. 3-1, Fig. 4, Fig. 5-1, Fig. 6, Fig. 7-2.Laser focusing head above each little mobile platform drives can be done little relatively displacement with respect to first fixing laser focusing head 201, adjusts the relative position between them, just can obtain difform laser focusing head array 2.So, K 〉=2 laser focusing head is arranged, and on workbench 1, has K 〉=1 a little mobile platform just enough.
Said formation by K 〉=2 laser focusing head (hereinafter to be referred as the optically focused head) 201,202,203,204,205,206 laser focusing head arrays of forming 2 can be a rectangle, shown in Fig. 1-2; Or oblique parallelogram, as Fig. 5-1 and shown in Figure 6; Or linear, shown in Fig. 2-1, Fig. 3-1 and Fig. 7-2.
Aforesaid laser roughening machine of the present invention will treat that at first texturing roll 8 is contained in the roll rotating shaft 701 of Digit Control Machine Tool 7.First optically focused head 201 directly is fixed on the workbench 1, other optically focused head 202,203,204,205,206 are seated in the little mobile platform 101 on the workbench 1,102,103,104, on 105, adjusting is seated in the optically focused head on the little mobile platform and the relative position of first optically focused head, after forming the formation of desired laser focusing head array 2, fixed-site with each little mobile platform, move the workbench 1 on (can adjust automatically) guide rail 702 again, make the centrally aligned of first optically focused head 201 on the steady job platform 1 be seated in the initial position for the treatment of texturing roll 8 (0 position) in the roll rotating shaft 701 by Digit Control Machine Tool 7.And the focus that makes the optically focused head on all laser focusing head arrays 2 is all burnt on the surface for the treatment of texturing roll 8.After laser amplifier 5 amplifies, be divided into K 〉=2 bundle light through beam splitter 4 by laser instrument 6 emitted laser bundles again, be input into respectively in the optically focused head of K 〉=2, laser is focused on the surface for the treatment of texturing roll 8, form the texturing hole by the optically focused head by K 〉=2 optical fiber 3.Treat that by Digit Control Machine Tool control roll rotating shaft 701 drives texturing roll 8 rotates, workbench 1 at the uniform velocity moves along guide rail simultaneously.The laser spot of optically focused head output is being treated the 8 surperficial enterprising line scannings of texturing roll, and this just forms equally distributed texturing hole array on the surface for the treatment of texturing roll 8.As Fig. 1-3, Fig. 1-4, Fig. 2-2 is shown in Fig. 3-2 and Fig. 5-2.
The position of said structure each optically focused head before the texturing machine starts is to be mixed up automatically by Digit Control Machine Tool, and after the startup, workbench 1 drives all optically focused heads and all moves along guide rail (X-direction) with same speed (large platform).Laser instrument 6 is high repetitively pulsed lasers.After beam splitter 4 beam splitting, each road laser beam will reach the nearly hectowatt of mean power and could light beam be focused on by the optically focused head and treat on the texturing roller surface, forms the texturing hole.Therefore the laser by laser instrument 6 outputs will amplify laser power through laser amplifier 5.The rotating speed that is installed in the roll rotating shaft 701 on the Digit Control Machine Tool 7 is n (1/ second), by the encoder on the Digit Control Machine Tool 7 angle information is input in the Digit Control Machine Tool, and the workbench of putting the optically focused head simultaneously is being that the axis X direction moves along guide rail at the uniform velocity.
When having only an optically focused head for laser roughening machine, laser spot is treating to produce single helical scan on texturing roll 8 surfaces during work, can produce two kinds of dot matrix texturing hole distribution: Fig. 1-3 by program control, Fig. 1-4 is exactly the dot matrix expanded view of the texturing hole distribution of single optically focused head scanning generation, and the dot matrix of their corresponding rectangles of difference and rhombus distributes.In the rectangular lattice shown in Fig. 1-3 in the dot matrix of texturing hole minimum unit be rectangle a * b, Fig. 1-4 dot matrix minimum unit is a rhombus, rhombus is 2a * b at X and Y to diagonal.S is the pitch in texturing hole among Fig. 1-3 and the 1-4, and p is adjacent two the pulse focuses of laser distances (laser pulse Y is to a distance) between the texturing hole that produces on the roller surface.Frequency f=π the D/pn of laser pulse modulation, optically focused head be along directions X point-to-point speed v=sn, the long L required time of texturing T=L/ (sn).Below require to produce texturing hole dot matrix be Fig. 1-3 and Fig. 1-4 o'clock in narration, adopts the situation of laser focusing head array of the present invention.
1. when being linear for the array of optically focused head (abbreviating optically focused head linear array as):
Fig. 2-1 is two optically focused heads that k=2 arranges in the x direction.The center of first optically focused head 201 is O, and the center of second optically focused head 202 is set at Δ x=Ns+a apart from the distance of the center of first optically focused head 201, and N is an integer, and Δ x minimum range is as the criterion can place two optically focused heads.Setting laser pulse y is b to a distance in Digit Control Machine Tool 7.Treat that texturing hole dot matrix is a * b, and pitch s=2a, the dot matrix expanded view that Fig. 2-2 distributes for the texturing hole.Texturing time T=L/ (ns)=L/ (2na), therefore used than the single optically focused head time shortens one times.
Fig. 3-1 is two optically focused heads that k=2 arranges in the y direction.The center of first optically focused head 201 is O, and the center of second optically focused head 202 is set at Δ y=Mp+b apart from the distance of the center of first optically focused head 201, and M is an integer, and Δ y minimum range is as the criterion can place two optically focused heads.Laser pulse y to point apart from being p=2b.Treat that the texturing dot matrix is a * b, and pitch s=a, this moment, pulse frequency f=π Dn/2b reduced by one times, if it is constant to keep laser state, be that modulating frequency is constant, roll rotational speed should be doubled n '=2n, texturing time T like this '=L/ (a2n) is also than adopting the used time of single optically focused head to shorten one times.Fig. 3-the 2nd, the expanded view in texturing hole.
If K 〉=2 an optically focused head is formed a linear array, the distribution of K optically focused head should be O, Ns+a, 2 (Ns+a) ... (K-1) (Ns+a).Set pitch s=ka, apart from P=b, wherein a * b is for treating the texturing dot matrix to laser pulse point for y, and the texturing time ratio adopts the used time of single optically focused head will shorten K-1 doubly, i.e. K 〉=2 a used time T of optically focused head '=T/K.
2. " the individual focusing head array for K=K ' * K
" the array of figure that individual optically focused head is formed that Fig. 4 provides K ' * K.(wherein K ' 〉=1, K " 〉=1) at directions X, the separation delta X=Ns+a at two optically focused head centers is in the y direction; the separation delta y=Mp+b of two laser heads; and setting texturing hole lattice distance in numerical control machine is a * b, sets pitch s=k ' a, and the pulse laser focus makes progress point apart from p=k ' b at y.(i) the same if set the rotating speed of roll rotating shaft 701 with single optically focused head situation, the 1/K when then laser pulse frequency f=π Dn/ (k " b) is single convergent pencil of rays " times.This moment, the point-to-point speed of workbench 1 was that v=k ' an increases (k '-1) doubly than single optically focused head speed, therefore shortened K '-1 times than the single optically focused capillus time.(ii) if set the rotation speed n of roll rotating shaft 701 '=k " n, this moment laser pulse frequency to produce the texturing hole the same apart from the pulse frequency f of b with single optically focused head y direction, but focusing head array 2 point-to-point speed v=
K ' k " an increases (k ' k "-1) doubly than single optically focused head speed, thus the texturing time shorten to the single optically focused head time 1/ (k ' k ") doubly.
3. produce K=2 * 2 focusing head array that rhombohedral lattice texturing hole distributes
The texturing hole that above-mentioned array optically focused head produces distributes and is all the rectangular lattice distribution.Cheating the rhombohedral lattice distribution of making a living that distributes if change texturing, is the example explanation with 2 * 2 focusing head arrays.Fig. 5-1 provides the distribution of K=4 optically focused head, optically focused head 201 and 202 in twos on directions X, 203 and 204 centre distance is Δ x=Ns+2a, optically focused head 201 and 203 in twos on the y direction, 202 and 204 centre distance is Δ y=Mp+b/2, and the center translation of the relative 202 optically focused heads with 204 in the center of 203 relative 201 optically focused heads is all a on the x direction, and being set in x direction pitch is s=4a, the point of y direction laser pulse focus is apart from p=b, and consequent texturing hole distributes for rhombohedral lattice.Texturing hole shown in Fig. 5-2 distributes.Optically focused is after translation Ns+4a distance, and the texturing hole presents uniform rhombohedral lattice and distributes.Rhombohedral lattice X, what the Y diagonal was 2a and b with shown in Fig. 1-4 of single optically focused head is the same, and in this case, laser pulse frequency is constant, focusing head array 4 times when the x point-to-point speed increases to single optically focused head, i.e. the texturing time shortens to 1/4 times of single used time of optically focused head.
4. produce K=K ' * K " focusing head array of individual optically focused head that rhombohedral lattice texturing hole distributes
Under general situation, produce the texturing hole that rhombohedral lattice distributes, K ' * K " Fig. 6 is seen in arranging of individual optically focused head; this focusing head array is K ' * K " rank, wherein K ' is an arbitrary integer, K " are even number; at directions X two row optically focused head separation delta x=Ns+2a, set pitch s=2k ' a
In the Y direction, two row optically focused head separation delta y=MP+b/2, the point of setting laser pulse focus is an even number apart from P=K " b/2 (k "), even number line is with respect to odd-numbered line displacement a to the right, and the texturing of generation hole dot matrix is that rhombus distributes, and X and Y diagonal respectively are 2a and b, when (i) laser instrument 6 low frequencies turn round, when laser pulse frequency f=π Dn/ (k " b/2) (be that frequency is reduced to k "/2 times), the workbench point-to-point speed be V=2k ' (na) speed be 2k ' doubly, then the texturing time shortens to 1/2k ' doubly.In (ii) laser instrument 6 high frequencies when running: when keeping laser pulse frequency and the first sample of single optically focused, the rotating speed of roll rotating shaft 701 should be brought up to k " n/2, thereby workbench 1 point-to-point speed V=k ' k " (na) be shorten to 1/ the texturing time (k ' k ") times.
From the above mentioned, the most obvious benefit of array optically focused head of the present invention has shortened the texturing time exactly, (k " * k ') order array optically focused head distributes with the texturing hole dot matrix of the same dense degree of single optically focused head if obtain; texturing efficient maximum can improve (k ' k ") times in use, the texturing hole that the laser beam that it will not gone the same way produces evenly distributes on microcosmic, therefore both make a few bundle laser beam performances and power inconsistent a bit, and also can not influence the macro-uniformity of frosted face.
The another one characteristics can reduce the requirement to laser pulse frequency (f) exactly.Selecting which type of laser instrument in laser roughening machine, also is very important, for example a) with the Nd:YAG laser instrument of acousto-optic Q modulation the time, if q-frequency can be reduced to below the 10KHz, just can solve the stability problem of each pulse, and the raising pulse energy.B) texturing machine CO commonly used
2Laser instrument adopts machinery to transfer Q usually, if the modulating frequency of 10k-30KHz can be reduced to frequency when being the KHz magnitude, and the simplified apparatus and the stability of transferring Q greatly.C) under frequency requirement is not too high situation, can also directly utilize the semiconductor laser diode (LD) of pulse running.This will improve energy efficiency and the volume that reduces the texturing machine greatly, adopt the structure of texturing machine of the present invention, just can accomplish above-mentioned 3 points, accomplish the modulating frequency of laser instrument 6 is required to reduce.Therefore laser instrument 6 is in operation and can stably works, and the texturing hole distributes also more even.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structure and the single laser focusing head texturing hole dot matrix schematic diagram of laser roughening machine of the present invention.
Fig. 1-the 1st wherein, the present invention adopts the laser roughening machine structural representation of laser focusing head array.
Fig. 1-2 is the laser focusing head array schematic diagram.
Fig. 1-the 3rd, single optically focused capillus hole is distributed as rectangular lattice and launches schematic diagram.
Fig. 1-the 4th, single optically focused capillus hole distribution rhombohedral lattice launches schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 be the formation of laser focusing head array be level linear and texturing after the dot matrix that distributes of texturing hole launch schematic diagram.Fig. 2-the 1st wherein, the schematic diagram of two optically focused heads (linear array) of arranging along directions X.
Fig. 2-the 2nd treats that texturing hole distribution dot matrix launches schematic diagram on the texturing roller surface.
Fig. 3 is that the formation of laser focusing head array is a texturing hole distribution dot matrix exploded view after vertical line shape and the texturing.Wherein, Fig. 3-the 1st, the schematic diagram of the two optically focused heads (linear array) that the y direction is arranged.
Fig. 3-the 2nd treats that texturing hole distribution dot matrix launches schematic diagram on the texturing roller surface.
Fig. 4 is K=K ' * K " the rank focusing head array schematic diagram of arranging.
Fig. 5 is that laser focusing head array is that oblique parallelogram and texturing hole distribution dot matrix thereof launch schematic diagram.Wherein, Fig. 5-1 is K=2 * 2 rank focusing head array schematic diagrames that oblique parallelogram distributes
Fig. 5-the 2nd treats that texturing hole distribution rhombohedral lattice launches schematic diagram on the texturing roller surface.
Fig. 6 is K=K ' * K, and " laser focusing head array of laser focusing head is the schematic diagram of oblique parallelogram.
Fig. 7 is in the specific embodiment, laser roughening machine concrete structure schematic diagram.Wherein, Fig. 7-the 1st, the texturing machine overall structure schematic diagram that specific embodiment is used.
Fig. 7-the 2nd, K=2 optically focused head is oblique line laser focusing head array schematic diagram in an embodiment.
The specific embodiment:
Structure as shown in Figure 7.Laser instrument 6 is the Nd:YAG crystal laser of acousto-optic modulation.Laser amplifier 5 is a Nd:YAG crystal laser amplifier.The outgoing laser beam wavelength is 1.06 μ m.Beam splitter 5 sees through by 50% and semi-transparent semi-reflecting dull and stereotyped 401 and one speculum 402 of 50% reflection constitutes.Shown in Fig. 7-1.The quantity K=2 of optically focused head is linear (oblique line) array, shown in Fig. 7-2.
Nd:YAG laser instrument 6 output beams of acousto-optic modulation are divided into two-way through beam splitter 4 after amplifying through laser amplifier 5, are input to respectively on two laser focusing heads 201 and 202 through two optical fiber 3 again.Wherein optically focused head 201 is fixed on the workbench 1, workbench 1 is by the driven by servomotor of Digit Control Machine Tool 7, another optically focused head 202 is installed on the little mobile platform 101 on the workbench 1, and little mobile platform 101 can be done X and the little translation (seeing Fig. 7-2) of Z direction on workbench 1.They are all controlled by Digit Control Machine Tool.Treat that texturing roll 8 is seated in the roll rotating shaft 701 on the Digit Control Machine Tool 7.The focus that is seated in the optically focused head 201,202 on the workbench 1 on the guide rail 702 on the Digit Control Machine Tool 7 is burnt just on the surface for the treatment of texturing roll 8.Earlier first optically focused head on the workbench 1 is focused on during work and treat to make on the texturing roll 8 position zero setting (first optically focused head 201 satisfies X=0), the little mobile platform 102 that moves second optically focused head 202 then makes it to satisfy Δ X=a and Δ y=Mp+b/2 condition between the center of two optically focused heads 201 and 202, after the locking, two optically focused heads move with workbench 1.The parameter of importing on Digit Control Machine Tool has: treat texturing roller diameter D=600mm, length L=1800mm, the point in texturing hole is apart from parameter a=160 μ m and b=180 μ m, pitch s=2a=320 μ m, the interpulse point of Laser Modulation is apart from p=b=180 μ m, the rotation speed n of roll rotating shaft 701=69 rev/min.Input parameter Δ x=180 μ m, Δ y=80mm+190 μ m.This moment f=12.3KHz.Texturing hole distribution dot matrix is the rhombus of 2a * b.Texturing time T=1.35 hour.If when only using an optically focused head 201, producing same texturing hole dot matrix is rhombus 2a * b, used texturing time T=2.7 hours.Therefore the used single used time of optically focused head of texturing time ratio of present embodiment has shortened one times.
Claims (2)
1. laser roughening machine that adopts laser focusing head array, comprise: Digit Control Machine Tool (7), roll rotating shaft (701) that is parallel to each other and guide rail (702) on the Digit Control Machine Tool (7), place the last workbench (1) of guide rail (702), the laser focusing head (201 that contains condenser, 202,203,204,205,206), laser instrument (6), treat that texturing roll (8) is seated in the roll rotating shaft (701), it is characterized in that on workbench (1), being equipped with the little mobile platform (101 that K 〉=1 relative position can move, 102,103,104,105), by K 〉=2 laser focusing head (201,202,203,204,205,206) form laser focusing head array (2), with K 〉=2 laser focusing head (201,202,203,204,205,206) K 〉=2 optical fiber (3) of input connection, the input of optical fiber (3) all is connected the light beam output of beam splitter (4), on the light beam input of beam splitter (4) and the light path between the laser instrument (6), laser amplifier (5) is arranged, each little mobile platform (101,102,103,104,105) on, put a laser focusing head (201,202,203,204,205,206).
2. the laser roughening machine of employing laser focusing head array according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the said laser focusing head array of being made up of K 〉=2 laser focusing head (201,202,203,204,205,206) (2) is a rectangle, or it is oblique flat shape quadrangle, or linear.
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| GB2581021B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2023-08-09 | Univ Jiangsu | A roller laser texturing processing equipment and its processing method |
| CN113732508A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-03 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Laser texturing method for realizing three light spots or more than three light spots of laser texturing head |
| CN113732509A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2021-12-03 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Double-light-spot laser texturing method for realizing horizontal spacing of multiple texturing spots |
| CN112620949A (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2021-04-09 | 郑州铁路职业技术学院 | Laser rust removal steel member surface roughness control method |
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