CN1399042A - Tunnel pipe section floating conveying, sinking and joining construction process - Google Patents
Tunnel pipe section floating conveying, sinking and joining construction process Download PDFInfo
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- CN1399042A CN1399042A CN 02136675 CN02136675A CN1399042A CN 1399042 A CN1399042 A CN 1399042A CN 02136675 CN02136675 CN 02136675 CN 02136675 A CN02136675 A CN 02136675A CN 1399042 A CN1399042 A CN 1399042A
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of building engineering. The construction process includes: large diameter steel pipe pile support for bearing the dead weight; float tank suspending and depositing of pipe section; 3D real-time computerized measurement and control; radio data transmission and autoamtic and synchronous data collection for precise positioning in deposition. It has short underwater operation time, high pipe section depositing stability, and high construction precision.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of construction technology of immersed tube tunnel, and particularly a kind of immersed tube tunnel section floating sinking butt joint construction technology belongs to building engineering field.
Background technology
The precision of the floating and sinking butt joint construction of pipeline section is directly connected to the workmanship of whole immersed tube tunnel, be regarded as a key technology of immersed tube tunnel, Japan has built a large amount of large-scale rectangular Reinforcement Concrete Sinking in early days in the nineties in 20th century, and wherein the many Mo Chuan tunnel that was open to traffic in 1994 is representative.Find by literature search, by the author: the refined history of paddy etc., be published in publication " と is underground for ト Application ネ Le " 1994,7, P29-37 (tunnel and underground, 1994.7 monthly magazine P29-37), article by name " Shen bury the new ひ of ト Application ネ Le finally continue hand " ( ミ Na Le ズ ロ Star Network mode) [the non-new-type FS final spice of immersed tunnel (terminal plate mode)], this article claims: many Mo Chuan tunnel adopts the immersed tube tunnel technology to build, immersed tube segment length 1549.5m, form by 12 pipe joint sections, cross section is 39.9m * 10m, sinking equipment adopts dumb box-shaped bivalve ship, connected mode between pipeline section is the waterpower crimping, the measurement monitoring of the floating and sinking butt joint overall process of pipeline section adopts land light wave rangefinder to be located at the measurement tower of pipeline section afterbody from motion tracking, the timely fax measurement result of operation ship, calculate the position at pipeline section place with computer, after CRT confirms to put in place, implement the sinking operation, the measuring system of the correct butt joint of pipeline section then adopts ultrasonic sensor (underwater 3 D system) to cooperate with land guidance system, and its pipeline section sinking homework precision is 4cm to the maximum in the error of normal direction.But many Mo Chuan tunnel also exists the deficiency or the part that haves much room for improvement, and its section floating sinking has adopted the different measurement detection method of two covers with butt joint, and the systematic error stack between different system strengthens the construction operation error; Used the underwater 3 D ultrasonic system, not only increased cost, and the content and the time of diver's underwater operation have been increased, in addition because the mode of wired connection is adopted in the transmission of ultrasonic system signal, exist the destroyed communicating interrupt of cable can't measure detection, thereby cause the risk of whole sinking butt joint construction delays.The cost of its construction and input are bigger, and this broad application is very restricted.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, a kind of immersed tube tunnel section floating sinking butt joint construction technology is provided, make it not only realize the real-time control of section floating sinking butt joint overall process, under relatively low cost, realized higher construction precision, and the anhydrous risk of wire communication down.The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions, and technology of the present invention is specific as follows: (1) tail end temporary support method of large diameter steel pipe pile; (2) the pipeline section sinking adopts buoyancy tank to hang heavy method; (3) Computerized three-dimensional is measured the monitoring method in real time; (4) transfer of data adopts radio communication and cable communication modes, and data acquisition can realize automatically, simultaneously operating, and the realization sinking is accurately located.Below the present invention is described in further detail:
(1) the tail end temporary support is specific as follows with the method for large diameter steel pipe pile:
Negative buoyancy force when sinking according to pipeline section, the sliding distance of vertical jack on temporary support during drawing, and construction error is determined the diameter and the length of steel pipe pile, steel pipe pile by the pile driving barge pile follower to design attitude, the plane deviation of stake, stake top mark height, pile body verticality, reach the construction precision of designing requirement, avoided underwater operation simultaneously fully;
(2) it is specific as follows that pipeline section sinking employing buoyancy tank hangs heavy method:
Negative buoyancy force when sinking according to pipeline section is determined the ability of buoyancy tank, carry out buoyancy tank processing then and be equipped with corresponding winch, earlier the buoyancy tank fitting-out is pushed up at pipeline section during construction, buoyancy tank is connected in aggregates with pipeline section by the suspension centre that pipeline section pushes up, pipeline section floating then, haul the sinking place, add water in the pipeline section, under the control of the winch on the buoyancy tank, at the uniform velocity sink.
(3) it is specific as follows that Computerized three-dimensional is monitored method in real time:
According to the principle of 3 definite object space positions, increase by a reference point again for eliminating measure error simultaneously, on the pipeline section top four measuring mark is set, measuring prism is housed on the mark, the measuring apparatus by on the bank carries out reading.
(4) transfer of data adopts radio communication and cable communication modes, and data acquisition can realize automatically, the method for simultaneously operating is specific as follows:
1. real-time data acquisition
By some measuring apparatuss, four marks on the continuous measurement immersed tube, each time period is that one group of data collection cycle can set up the cycle on their own according to the requirement of different construction stages, directly import computer or transfer in the far-end computer by the data-interface on the instrument and the corresponding interface software and store, handle by modem or online;
2. data communication
Data handling machine is by radio or Serial Port Line issue measuring apparatus observation order, survey data is again by radio or Serial Port Line returned data process computer, result after the processing delivers to commander by RTTY and visit place computer shows, provide the engineering commander to send control command, visit place shows 3-D graphic simultaneously;
3. data analysis is handled
By arrangement to observation data, classification, arrangements such as filtration utilize corresponding Measurement and Data Processing program to carry out data computation then, and adjustment finally obtains three-dimensional datas such as the plane of pipeline section in the river, elevation, gradient;
4. show
Calculate according to model, determine the parameter (comprise translation, rotation, inclination, sinking etc.) of pipeline section, corrected parameter is provided, the data of key component are provided with respect to design attitude, as steel identity distance, axis plane depart from, the axis elevation departs from, the nose holder departs from etc.;
5. the Three-Dimensional Dynamic figure shows
Set up the pipeline section threedimensional model, in time show immersed tube 3 d pose and local detail state (joint) according to calculated data, can carry out many viewpoints with the sinking state of the continuous real time reaction pipeline section of dynamic mode, multi-angle is switched.
The present invention has substantive distinguishing features and marked improvement, adopt large diameter steel pipe pile to replace concrete block and reduced the underwater operation time as pipeline section afterbody temporary support point, adopt buoyancy tank to hang heavy method and increased stability in the pipeline section sinking process, measure monitoring system in real time by Computerized three-dimensional, reflected that accurately the physical location of pipeline section in water changes, reached very high construction precision, the present invention has simultaneously realized less construction risk and cost input (buoyancy tank and measurement monitoring system have the advantages that to recycle), good actual effect (shortened construction speed, improved construction precision).
The specific embodiment
With certain tunnel is example, and this project adopts the immersed tunnelling method construction, form by 4 pipe joint sections, and the long 95m of a joint, the long 100m of its excess-three joint, the pipeline section cross dimension is 22.8m * 8.45m, is diplopore rectangle steel tendon concrete structure.Prefabrication of tube section carries out in the dry-docking of south of the River bank, the wide 26.8m of dry-docking dock entrance, and center line overlaps with tunnel axis, and double steel sheet-pile cofferdam is set.Four pipe joint sections are poured water in dry-docking after producing once in dry-docking and finishing, and then pull out the double steel sheet pile of dock entrance, and floating, transportation by driving are in place one by one carries out sinking butt joint in the river for four pipe joint sections.When making pipeline section, carry out bank, the north of the Changjiang River and connect well, pipeline section foundation trench in the river, the construction of foundation trench bottom tube section temporary support.
Front end rests in the guiding nose holder that connects well or front end pipeline section tail end during the pipeline section sinking, tail end rests on the temporary support by vertical jack, vertical jack also needs in the enterprising line slip of temporary support during drawing, and therefore making and the installation to temporary support has very high requirement.Usually temporary support adopts the cushion block form, and high strength steel plate is installed on the surface of cushion block, and cushion block is prefabricated by land to be installed under diver's cooperation with crane barge after finishing, and also needs the diver to carry out underwater operation before installation and flattens.Because the condition of underwater operation is very harsh, the diver can only work when slack tide about 4 hours every day, the iceound harm that prevents ship wave to the diver need be carried out in the part during operation, and because intensity and existing than mistake when installing, the cushion block of design is floor space 6m * 6m, the terrace with edge of high about 2m, heavily about 200t.During practice of construction, tunnel sinking place river surface is narrow, and shipping is busy, and it is serious to back-silt in the base groove of river, and poor visibility is very big to the underwater operation restriction, and heavy the cushion block transportation and the equipment that hangs are short of, and need solve the problem of temporary support separately.The light weight of considering steel is high-strength, and characteristics such as pile driving barge pile follower precision height determine to adopt large diameter steel pipe pile as temporary support.Diameter through designing compound large diameter steel pipe pile is φ 1200, be transported to the job site by barge after in prefabricated factory, completing, be sent to design attitude under water by pile driving barge, its precision reaches: the plane Deviation Control of stake is at ± 10cm, stake top mark height is at 0-5cm, and the pile body verticality adheres to specification between 1/500-1/700 fully, simultaneously avoid underwater operation fully, accelerated construction speed.
Be the casing of a sealing after tube manufacture is finished, can bubble through the water column.At the top of pipeline section the measurement tower is installed, manhole, bollard, floating and sinkings such as suspension centre butt joint facility, inside is provided with ballast water tank water.Before the section floating sinking butt joint, pour water toward dry-docking in earlier, during the water level rising, the past pipeline section inner water tank of outfall that advances on sealing up a door by the pipeline section two ends draws water in the depressed place in, and it is about 1.01 that Ballast Water makes pipeline section anti-floating coefficient, guarantees not float when pipeline section does not have entirely.When water level inside and outside the depressed place is consistent, pull out the double sheet pile of dock entrance, carry out fitting-out.The main contents of fitting-out are pipeline section floating sinking drawing equipment.Stability requirement when considering the pipeline section sinking, sinking equipment choosing buoyancy tank, negative buoyancy force required when the ability of buoyancy tank is sunk according to pipeline section is determined, be generally 2% of pipeline section buoyancy, design has 2 steel buoyancy tanks, and every crane capacity is 200t, and is equipped with winch and assembly pulley.After dock gate was opened, buoyancy tank drew in dry-docking by canoe, floated to pipe top design attitude, the suspension hook of both sides is connected with the suspension centre on pipe top then, tighten up hanger rope and make buoyancy tank and pipeline section become an integral body, the Ballast Water in the emptying pipeline section water tank is being carried the buoyancy tank floating on the back at the buoyancy function lower tube section then.Pipeline section after the floating is hauled sinking position under the traction of the hoist engine on the barge by the hawser on the bollard in two sides and river, change sinking drawing state over to.Earlier add water in the pipeline section water tank during sinking, make pipeline section weight greater than buoyancy, this moment, pipeline section submerged, and the steel buoyancy tank is stressed, and the winch cable laying of operating then on the steel buoyancy tank at the uniform velocity sinks pipeline section.During near the final design attitude of foundation trench bottom tube section, will treat that earlier the front end nose holder of immersed segment rests in the immersed segment rear end nose holder, and stretch out the vertical very heavy of rear end then and shore on the temporary support steel pipe pile, and adjust the pipeline section attitude then and reach designing requirement.Then carry out the drawing of pipeline section, waterpower crimping principle is adopted in drawing, treat that immersed segment front tube top bollard upper cable links to each other with fixed block group on the bank, by drawing bank assembly pulley hawser, make and treat that immersed segment draws close to immersed segment, treat that the GINA rubber fastening band of immersed segment front end contacts with immersed segment rear end steel end housing face and the compression of waterstop tip, make that water and extraneous water separate between two pipeline sections envelopes wall, with pump this water is forced to be extracted in the water tank for the treatment of immersed segment then, this moment, the immersed segment rear and front end formed differential water pressures, the further compressive strain of GINA rubber sealing under the effect of the huge water pressure in rear end forms the waterpower crimping, finishes the butt joint between pipeline section.
Because section floating sinking butt joint overall process is carried out in water, can't measure monitoring by conventional methods, has developed brand-new measuring and monitoring method during construction.On Guan Dingyi end measurement tower, 2 survey marks are set, 2 survey marks in addition are set respectively on another measurement tower and manhole, total powerstation device observation survey mark by on the bank is converted to the pipeline section characteristic parameter by computer with reading then, with indirect means monitoring pipeline section real time position.Side at bank during construction is set up main survey station, sets up 2 total powerstations and a data handling machine, and computer is connected by scurrying mouth with total powerstation, and connects 3 radio modem A1, B1, C1; Set up secondary survey station and commander place at the opposite side of bank, set up a total powerstation and a demonstration computer, total powerstation is connected with radio modem A2, carrying out signal data with opposite bank data handling machine A1 transmits, show that computer is connected with modem B2, the data that reception data handling machine B1 sends are presented on the computer screen by the actual attitude of software with pipeline section then, are convenient to the cammander and give an order according to actual conditions.A multihead display computer is set is connected with radio modem C2 visiting the chamber, the data that reception C1 sends show, and can carry out three-dimensional display, experience intuitively to general visitor.The computer of master's survey station sends measuring-signal by scurrying mouthful line and A1 to total powerstation during concrete the construction, (cycle of this process can be set according to actual conditions to receive survey data then, be generally 5 seconds), by process of measurement calculating survey data is scaled the pipeline section characteristic point data, then these data are mail to B2 by B1, C1 mails to C2, demonstrates the attitude of pipeline section reality respectively on the computer screen of commander place and visit place.Because the high accuracy of total station survey, and computer processing data is high-speed, makes the cammander hold under water the correct attitude of pipeline section intuitively by measurement means and sends operational order, makes pipeline section finish high-precision butt joint.Worst error at the plane axis direction after the four pipe joint section sinking operations is 3.5cm.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of immersed tube tunnel section floating sinking butt joint construction technology is characterized in that specific as follows: (1) tail end temporary support method of large diameter steel pipe pile; (2) the pipeline section sinking adopts buoyancy tank to hang heavy method; (3) Computerized three-dimensional is measured the monitoring method in real time; (4) transfer of data adopts radio communication and cable communication modes, and data acquisition can realize automatically, simultaneously operating, and the realization sinking is accurately located.
2, this immersed tube tunnel section floating sinking butt joint construction technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the tail end temporary support is specific as follows with the method for large diameter steel pipe pile: the negative buoyancy force when sinking according to pipeline section, the sliding distance of vertical jack on temporary support during drawing, and construction error determines the diameter and the length of steel pipe pile, steel pipe pile by the pile driving barge pile follower to design attitude.
3, this immersed tube tunnel section floating sinking butt joint construction technology according to claim 1, it is specific as follows to it is characterized in that the pipeline section sinking adopts buoyancy tank to hang heavy method: the negative buoyancy force when sinking according to pipeline section is determined the ability of buoyancy tank, carry out buoyancy tank processing then and be equipped with corresponding winch, earlier the buoyancy tank fitting-out is pushed up at pipeline section during construction, buoyancy tank is connected in aggregates with pipeline section by the suspension centre that pipeline section pushes up, pipeline section floating then, haul the sinking place, add water in the pipeline section, under the control of the winch on the buoyancy tank, at the uniform velocity sink.
4, this immersed tube tunnel section floating sinking butt joint construction technology according to claim 1, it is specific as follows to it is characterized in that Computerized three-dimensional is monitored method in real time: according to the principle of 3 definite object space positions, increase by a reference point again for eliminating measure error simultaneously, on the pipeline section top four measuring mark is set, measuring prism is housed on the mark, and the measuring apparatus by on the bank carries out reading.
5, this immersed tube tunnel section floating sinking butt joint construction technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that transfer of data adopts radio communication and cable communication modes, and data acquisition can realize automatically, the method for simultaneously operating is specific as follows:
1. real-time data acquisition
By some measuring apparatuss, four marks on the continuous measurement immersed tube, each time period is that one group of data collection cycle can set up the cycle on their own according to the requirement of different construction stages, directly import computer or transfer in the far-end computer by the data-interface on the instrument and the corresponding interface software and store, handle by modem or online;
2. data communication
Data handling machine is by radio or Serial Port Line issue measuring apparatus observation order, survey data is again by radio or Serial Port Line returned data process computer, result after the processing delivers to commander by RTTY and visit place computer shows, provide the engineering commander to send control command, visit place shows 3-D graphic simultaneously;
3. data analysis is handled
By arrangement to observation data, classification, arrangements such as filtration utilize corresponding Measurement and Data Processing program to carry out data computation then, and adjustment finally obtains three-dimensional datas such as the plane of pipeline section in the river, elevation, gradient;
4. show
Calculate according to model, determine the parameter of pipeline section, corrected parameter is provided, the data of key component are provided with respect to design attitude;
5. the Three-Dimensional Dynamic figure shows
Set up the pipeline section threedimensional model, in time show immersed tube 3 d pose and local detail state according to calculated data.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02136675 CN1242128C (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2002-08-27 | Tunnel pipe section floating conveying, sinking and joining construction process |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02136675 CN1242128C (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2002-08-27 | Tunnel pipe section floating conveying, sinking and joining construction process |
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| CN1399042A true CN1399042A (en) | 2003-02-26 |
| CN1242128C CN1242128C (en) | 2006-02-15 |
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| CN 02136675 Expired - Fee Related CN1242128C (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2002-08-27 | Tunnel pipe section floating conveying, sinking and joining construction process |
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| CN101695788B (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-08-10 | 天津振汉机械装备有限公司 | Process for assembling and spot welding of circular seams of tank body of container |
| CN102704512A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-10-03 | 中交一航局第二工程有限公司 | Immersed tube bottom jack type deviation rectifying fine adjusting system and adjusting technology |
| CN102720222A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-10 | 中交一航局第二工程有限公司 | Tail-end deviation rectifying process for immersed pipe |
| CN103898922A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-02 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | Pipe joint butt joint and guide device |
| CN103912012A (en) * | 2013-01-06 | 2014-07-09 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | System and method for measuring and controlling underwater attitudes of pipe sections |
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| CN105604093A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-05-25 | 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司 | Floating transportation construction method of immersed tube method tunnel pipe joint along foundation trench under high-flow-speed condition |
| CN105625484A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-06-01 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | Deep-water measurement and control system and method for large-size objects |
| CN105780811A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-07-20 | 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司 | Sunken tube method tunnel tube joint U-turn construction method suitable for high-flow-velocity condition |
| CN105862940A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-08-17 | 上海交通大学 | Pipe bottom pressure monitoring system and method for sand filling of foundation of immersed tube tunnel |
| CN106337439A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-01-18 | 合肥工业大学 | Method for achieving underwater butt joint of submerged floating tunnel through butt joint device |
| CN107044137A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-15 | 中交航局第二工程有限公司 | A kind of immersed tube sinking docking calculation |
| CN107916678A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-04-17 | 中交航局第二工程有限公司 | Immersed tunnel system and method based on BIM |
| CN111764433A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-13 | 华北水利水电大学 | Immersed tube tunnel final joint system, method and final connecting tube |
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- 2002-08-27 CN CN 02136675 patent/CN1242128C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN101695788B (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-08-10 | 天津振汉机械装备有限公司 | Process for assembling and spot welding of circular seams of tank body of container |
| CN102704512A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-10-03 | 中交一航局第二工程有限公司 | Immersed tube bottom jack type deviation rectifying fine adjusting system and adjusting technology |
| CN102704512B (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2014-10-01 | 中交第一航局工程局有限公司 | Immersed tube bottom jack type deviation rectifying fine adjusting system and adjusting technology |
| CN102720222A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2012-10-10 | 中交一航局第二工程有限公司 | Tail-end deviation rectifying process for immersed pipe |
| CN102720222B (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2014-07-16 | 中交一航局第二工程有限公司 | Tail-end deviation rectifying process for immersed pipe |
| CN103898922B (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2016-09-14 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | Tube coupling butt guiding devices |
| CN103898922A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2014-07-02 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | Pipe joint butt joint and guide device |
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| CN103912012B (en) * | 2013-01-06 | 2015-10-28 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | Tube coupling is the TT&C system of attitude and investigating method under water |
| CN103926168A (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2014-07-16 | 中交一航局第二工程有限公司 | Seawater density real-time monitoring system and monitoring method |
| CN103926168B (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2016-02-03 | 中交一航局第二工程有限公司 | Density of sea water real-time monitoring system and monitoring method |
| CN106337439B (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2018-05-01 | 合肥工业大学 | The method that submerged floating tunnel underwater mating in water is realized using docking facilities |
| CN106337439A (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-01-18 | 合肥工业大学 | Method for achieving underwater butt joint of submerged floating tunnel through butt joint device |
| CN105625484A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-06-01 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | Deep-water measurement and control system and method for large-size objects |
| CN105604093A (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2016-05-25 | 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司 | Floating transportation construction method of immersed tube method tunnel pipe joint along foundation trench under high-flow-speed condition |
| CN105780811A (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-07-20 | 中铁隧道集团二处有限公司 | Sunken tube method tunnel tube joint U-turn construction method suitable for high-flow-velocity condition |
| CN105862940A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-08-17 | 上海交通大学 | Pipe bottom pressure monitoring system and method for sand filling of foundation of immersed tube tunnel |
| CN105862940B (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2018-10-23 | 上海交通大学 | Immersed tube tunnel basis fills sandpipe bottom pressure and monitors system and method |
| CN107044137A (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2017-08-15 | 中交航局第二工程有限公司 | A kind of immersed tube sinking docking calculation |
| CN107044137B (en) * | 2017-04-18 | 2019-06-07 | 中交一航局第二工程有限公司 | A kind of immersed tube sinking interconnection method |
| CN107916678A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-04-17 | 中交航局第二工程有限公司 | Immersed tunnel system and method based on BIM |
| CN111764433A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-13 | 华北水利水电大学 | Immersed tube tunnel final joint system, method and final connecting tube |
| CN111764433B (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2021-12-31 | 华北水利水电大学 | Immersed tube tunnel final joint system, method and final connecting tube |
| CN112922036A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-08 | 交通运输部广州打捞局 | Automatic control system and method for underwater attitude adjustment of immersed tube |
| CN113789813A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-12-14 | 广州市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司 | Underwater tunnel construction method |
| CN113789813B (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2023-03-07 | 广州市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司 | Underwater tunnel construction method |
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