CN1398780A - Hydrocarbon cracking process and apparatus for producing carbon black and hydrogen - Google Patents
Hydrocarbon cracking process and apparatus for producing carbon black and hydrogen Download PDFInfo
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- CN1398780A CN1398780A CN 02128420 CN02128420A CN1398780A CN 1398780 A CN1398780 A CN 1398780A CN 02128420 CN02128420 CN 02128420 CN 02128420 A CN02128420 A CN 02128420A CN 1398780 A CN1398780 A CN 1398780A
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Abstract
During the hydrocarbon cracking process to produce carbon black and hydrogen, argon is introduced, DC is applied across the two electrodes, high frequency arc is ignited to puncture gas for lasting discharge and form high temperature plasma jet and feed gas of hydrocarbon is fed to mix with high temperature plasma jet in oxygen-free environment, so that the feed gas of hydrocarbon is ionized, decomposed and converted into carbon black, hydrogen and trace amount of other hydrocarbon product. The present invention has the advantages of high carbon black yield and no pollution.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to a kind of hydrocarbon cracking and produce the technology of carbon black and hydrogen, specifically utilize the characteristics of thermal plasma high temperature, high reaction activity, hydrocarbon cracking is produced the production method and the device of high-purity nano carbon black and hydrogen under oxygen-free environment.
Background technology:
Carbon black is hydro carbons incomplete combustion or pyrolytic product, and its manufacturing is very simple, and as far back as 3rd century of Christian era, our ancestors just begin to utilize carbon black as the pigment in the China ink.The industrial main method that is applied has at present: oven process, channel process, hot method, lamp method.Wherein oven process is the main flow manufacture method of present carbon black, is to be generated by the incomplete combustion of hydro carbons in stove.Can be divided into two kinds of steam stove method and oil oven methods according to the kind of raw material.Now rubber grade carbon black and pigment are with carbon black major part oil oven manufactured.
The basic manufacturing processed of oil oven method is, Reaktionsofen by cylindric combustion zone, reaction zone and the coaxial connection of reaction terminating district three parts of lining of fire brick, make the air combustion of fuel hydrocarbon with surplus in the combustion zone, generate high-temperature combustion gas, this high-temperature combustion gas enters continuous reaction zone, and the raw material hydrocarbon ils is imported in the reaction zone high-temp combustion air-flow, and a stock oil part is burnt, the rest part cracking generates carbon black.Contain generate the sooty air-flow in reaction terminating district, Reaktionsofen rear portion by chilling, reaction terminating reclaims collecting workshop section then.
In said process, when the part of raw material hydrocarbon ils was cracked into carbon black and hydrogen, another part hydrocarbon ils was because burning and scission reaction generate carbon monoxide, carbonic acid gas and water vapour etc.Thereby change into sooty is the part of raw material hydrocarbon ils.Generalized case, the carbon element in the raw material hydrocarbon ils has 40～80% to change into carbon black, and rest part is converted into carbon monoxide, carbonic acid gas and water vapour, also has micro-methane, ethene etc. to form the gaseous combustion resultant in addition.These gaseous combustion resultants make its burning with a large amount of air behind the separated and collected carbon black, change into outside the carbon dioxide removal system.
As previously mentioned, though the oil oven method has production capacity height, advantage such as inexpensive, have many unfavorable problems, only some is converted into carbon black to the carbon element in the raw material hydrocarbon ils, so the carbon black yield is low.And discharge pollution gas such as a large amount of oxycarbides, oxynitride, caused the serious environmental pollution.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of carbon black yield height, free of contamination method and the isolated plant that utilizes the plasma technique hydrocarbon cracking to prepare nano carbon black and hydrogen.Production method of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1), feed argon gas, apply the direct current of 40-50V voltage to the two poles of the earth, making electric current is 70-90A,, high-frequency arc strike makes the gas continuous discharge with gas breakdown, forms the high-temperature plasma jet;
(2) with raw material hydrocarbon: the volume ratio of argon gas=1: 5-20 feeds raw material hydrocarbon, under oxygen-free environment it is mixed with the high-temperature plasma jet, and raw material hydrocarbon promptly is ionized, decomposes, and changes into carbon black, hydrogen and other micro-hydrocarbon product;
(3), after reaction finishes, go out hydrogen and argon gas with the transformation fractionation by adsorption, and collect the solid product carbon black, specifically separating hydrogen gas sees that number of patent application is 001089358 patent;
(4), isolated argon gas recycles.
Raw material hydrocarbon is C as mentioned above
1-C
4Alkane
Finishing isolated plant required for the present invention is to connect by isolated flange between negative electrode and the anode, and water-cooled tube and hydrocarbon feed ingress pipe link to each other with anode, connect with flange between anode and the reaction tubes, and the argon gas ingress pipe links to each other with negative electrode.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage: owing to adopt such scheme, entire reaction course is in oxygen-free environment, and the oxidizing fire reaction does not take place hydrocarbon raw material, almost completely is converted into required product.Not only environmental pollution can be do not produced, and processing parameter control products obtained therefrom granularity can be changed.
Embodiment:
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the longitudinal section structural map of plasma reactor.
Embodiment 1
Connect by isolated flange 6 between negative electrode 2 and the anode 4 as shown in the figure, water-cooled tube 5 and hydrocarbon feed ingress pipe 1 link to each other with anode 4 with welding process, are that flange 8 connects between anode 4 and the reaction tubes 7, and the 3rd, the argon gas ingress pipe.Argon gas is fed argon gas with the flow of 6L/min by argon gas ingress pipe 3, apply the direct current of 40V voltage simultaneously to negative electrode 2 and anode 4 the two poles of the earth, make the gas continuous discharge, form electric arc.The adjustment electric current is 70A, feeds methane with the flow of 0.6L/min by hydrocarbon feed ingress pipe 1, under oxygen-free environment it is mixed with the high-temperature plasma jet, and methane promptly is ionized, decomposes, and changes into carbon black, hydrogen and other micro-hydrocarbon product.Reaction finishes the back with gas chromatographic analysis product gas component, goes out hydrogen and argon gas with the transformation fractionation by adsorption, and argon gas recycles, and collection solid product carbon black, with transmission electron microscope observing granular size and shape, its surface topography of scanning electron microscopic observation, its as a result example in table 1.
Embodiment 2
Argon gas is fed argon gas with the flow of 12L/min by argon gas ingress pipe 3, apply the direct current of 50V voltage simultaneously to negative electrode 2 and anode 4 the two poles of the earth, make the gas continuous discharge, form electric arc.The adjustment electric current is 80A, feeds ethane with the flow of 0.8L/min by hydrocarbon feed ingress pipe 1, under oxygen-free environment it is mixed with the high-temperature plasma jet, and methane promptly is ionized, decomposes, and changes into carbon black, hydrogen and other micro-hydrocarbon product.Reaction finishes the back with gas chromatographic analysis product gas component, goes out hydrogen and argon gas with the transformation fractionation by adsorption, and argon gas recycles, and collection solid product carbon black, with transmission electron microscope observing granular size and shape, its surface topography of scanning electron microscopic observation, its as a result example in table 1.
Embodiment 3
Argon gas is fed argon gas with the flow of 20L/min by argon gas ingress pipe 3, apply the direct current of 40V voltage simultaneously to negative electrode 2 and anode 4 the two poles of the earth, make the gas continuous discharge, form electric arc.The adjustment electric current is 90A, feeds propane with the flow of 1L/min by hydrocarbon feed ingress pipe 1, under oxygen-free environment it is mixed with the high-temperature plasma jet, and methane promptly is ionized, decomposes, and changes into carbon black, hydrogen and other micro-hydrocarbon product.Reaction finishes the back with gas chromatographic analysis product gas component, goes out hydrogen and argon gas with the transformation fractionation by adsorption, and argon gas recycles, and collection solid product carbon black, with transmission electron microscope observing granular size and shape, its surface topography of scanning electron microscopic observation, its as a result example in table 1.
Table 1
| Condition, result/example number | Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 |
| Flow (L/min) | Methane 0.6 | Ethane 0.8 | Propane 1.0 |
| Argon flow amount (L/min) | 6.0 | 12 | 20 |
| Electric current (A) | 70 | 80 | 90 |
| Carbon black granularity and shape are small | The gained carbon black granules is spherical or subsphaeroidal, disperses better no agglomeration.Uniform particles, diameter Distribution is in the 5-50 nanometer. | ||
| Gas composition (%) | Hydrogen 98; Methane 1 other gas 1 | Hydrogen 99; Ethane 0.4 other gas 0.6 | Hydrogen 99; Propane 0.3 other gas 0.7 |
Claims (2)
1. the method that hydrocarbon cracking is produced carbon black and hydrogen is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1), feed argon gas, apply the direct current of 40-50V voltage to the two poles of the earth, making electric current is 70-90A,, high-frequency arc strike makes the gas continuous discharge with gas breakdown, forms the high-temperature plasma jet;
(2) with raw material hydrocarbon: the volume ratio of argon gas=1: 5-20 feeds raw material hydrocarbon, under oxygen-free environment it is mixed with the high-temperature plasma jet, and raw material hydrocarbon promptly is ionized, decomposes, and changes into carbon black, hydrogen and other micro-hydrocarbon product;
(3), after reaction finishes, go out hydrogen and argon gas, and collection solid product carbon black with the transformation fractionation by adsorption;
(4), isolated argon gas recycles.
2. a kind of hydrocarbon cracking as claimed in claim 1 is produced the device of carbon black and hydrogen, it is characterized in that connecting by isolated flange (6) between negative electrode (2) and the anode (4), water-cooled tube (5) and hydrocarbon feed ingress pipe (1) link to each other with anode (4), connect with flange (8) between anode (4) and the reaction tubes (7), argon gas ingress pipe (3) links to each other with negative electrode (2).
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| CN 02128420 CN1398780A (en) | 2002-08-06 | 2002-08-06 | Hydrocarbon cracking process and apparatus for producing carbon black and hydrogen |
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| CN 02128420 CN1398780A (en) | 2002-08-06 | 2002-08-06 | Hydrocarbon cracking process and apparatus for producing carbon black and hydrogen |
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Cited By (20)
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| CN101831205A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-09-15 | 曲靖众一精细化工股份有限公司 | Method for producing carbon black from carbon black raw oil in relatively anaerobic state |
| CN101838480A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-09-22 | 曲靖众一精细化工股份有限公司 | Method for coproduction of carbon black and high-purity hydrogen by high-temperature pyrolysis of methane |
| CN102108216A (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-06-29 | 苏州纳康纳米材料有限公司 | Method for preparing conductive carbon black and hydrogen by plasma technology |
| CN102031323B (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2013-06-19 | 樊显理 | Natural gas hydro-cracking metallurgical method and equipment |
| CN104032059B (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2015-11-18 | 樊显理 | Hydrogen metallurgy method |
| CN112090227A (en) * | 2014-01-30 | 2020-12-18 | 巨石材料公司 | Integration of plasma and hydrogen processes with combined cycle power plants and steam reformers |
| JP2021105177A (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2021-07-26 | モノリス マテリアルズ インコーポレイテッド | Carbon black generating system |
| US11304288B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2022-04-12 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Plasma torch design |
| CN115029021A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-09 | 合肥碳艺科技有限公司 | Preparation method of large-particle-size low-structure soft carbon black |
| US11492496B2 (en) | 2016-04-29 | 2022-11-08 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Torch stinger method and apparatus |
| CN115448254A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-12-09 | 尤里·费多罗维奇·尤尔琴科 | Pyrolysis method of gaseous hydrocarbon and implementation device thereof |
| US11591477B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2023-02-28 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | System for high temperature chemical processing |
| US11665808B2 (en) | 2015-07-29 | 2023-05-30 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | DC plasma torch electrical power design method and apparatus |
| US11760884B2 (en) | 2017-04-20 | 2023-09-19 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Carbon particles having high purities and methods for making same |
| CN116873861A (en) * | 2023-07-10 | 2023-10-13 | 上海菲利科思新材料有限公司 | Hydrocarbon gas plasma cracking hydrogen producing device |
| US11926743B2 (en) | 2017-03-08 | 2024-03-12 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Systems and methods of making carbon particles with thermal transfer gas |
| US11939477B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2024-03-26 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | High temperature heat integration method of making carbon black |
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| CN102031323B (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2013-06-19 | 樊显理 | Natural gas hydro-cracking metallurgical method and equipment |
| CN104032059B (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2015-11-18 | 樊显理 | Hydrogen metallurgy method |
| CN101831205A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-09-15 | 曲靖众一精细化工股份有限公司 | Method for producing carbon black from carbon black raw oil in relatively anaerobic state |
| CN101838480A (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2010-09-22 | 曲靖众一精细化工股份有限公司 | Method for coproduction of carbon black and high-purity hydrogen by high-temperature pyrolysis of methane |
| CN101831205B (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2012-05-30 | 曲靖众一精细化工股份有限公司 | Method for producing carbon black from carbon black raw oil in relatively anaerobic state |
| CN101838480B (en) * | 2010-04-30 | 2012-08-29 | 曲靖众一精细化工股份有限公司 | Method for coproduction of carbon black and high-purity hydrogen by high-temperature pyrolysis of methane |
| CN102108216A (en) * | 2010-12-03 | 2011-06-29 | 苏州纳康纳米材料有限公司 | Method for preparing conductive carbon black and hydrogen by plasma technology |
| US11939477B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2024-03-26 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | High temperature heat integration method of making carbon black |
| US11591477B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2023-02-28 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | System for high temperature chemical processing |
| CN112090227A (en) * | 2014-01-30 | 2020-12-18 | 巨石材料公司 | Integration of plasma and hydrogen processes with combined cycle power plants and steam reformers |
| US11866589B2 (en) | 2014-01-30 | 2024-01-09 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | System for high temperature chemical processing |
| US11304288B2 (en) | 2014-01-31 | 2022-04-12 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Plasma torch design |
| JP2021105177A (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2021-07-26 | モノリス マテリアルズ インコーポレイテッド | Carbon black generating system |
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| US11987712B2 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2024-05-21 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Carbon black generating system |
| JP7399903B2 (en) | 2015-02-03 | 2023-12-18 | モノリス マテリアルズ インコーポレイテッド | carbon black generation system |
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| US11926743B2 (en) | 2017-03-08 | 2024-03-12 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Systems and methods of making carbon particles with thermal transfer gas |
| US11760884B2 (en) | 2017-04-20 | 2023-09-19 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Carbon particles having high purities and methods for making same |
| US12030776B2 (en) | 2017-08-28 | 2024-07-09 | Monolith Materials, Inc. | Systems and methods for particle generation |
| CN115448254B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2024-03-08 | 尤里·费多罗维奇·尤尔琴科 | Pyrolysis method of gaseous hydrocarbon and implementation device thereof |
| CN115448254A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-12-09 | 尤里·费多罗维奇·尤尔琴科 | Pyrolysis method of gaseous hydrocarbon and implementation device thereof |
| CN115029021A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-09 | 合肥碳艺科技有限公司 | Preparation method of large-particle-size low-structure soft carbon black |
| CN116873861A (en) * | 2023-07-10 | 2023-10-13 | 上海菲利科思新材料有限公司 | Hydrocarbon gas plasma cracking hydrogen producing device |
| CN116873861B (en) * | 2023-07-10 | 2024-02-06 | 上海菲利科思新材料有限公司 | Hydrocarbon gas plasma cracking hydrogen producing device |
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