CN1398221A - 建筑材料用半透过性涂料 - Google Patents

建筑材料用半透过性涂料 Download PDF

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CN1398221A
CN1398221A CN01804551A CN01804551A CN1398221A CN 1398221 A CN1398221 A CN 1398221A CN 01804551 A CN01804551 A CN 01804551A CN 01804551 A CN01804551 A CN 01804551A CN 1398221 A CN1398221 A CN 1398221A
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coating
building product
felt plate
substrate felt
fibrage
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CN1131771C (zh
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韦恩·E·肖
默里·S·托斯
约翰·O·瑞德
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Certainteed LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/0218—Flexible soft ducts, e.g. ducts made of permeable textiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
    • D06N3/0015—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using fibres of specified chemical or physical nature, e.g. natural silk
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    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06N3/047—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds with fluoropolymers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/0245—Manufacturing or assembly of air ducts; Methods therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
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    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/0263—Insulation for air ducts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2205/00—Condition, form or state of the materials
    • D06N2205/02—Dispersion
    • D06N2205/023—Emulsion, aqueous dispersion, latex
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    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2205/00—Condition, form or state of the materials
    • D06N2205/04—Foam
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/06—Properties of the materials having thermal properties
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    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/12—Permeability or impermeability properties
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/12—Permeability or impermeability properties
    • D06N2209/121—Permeability to gases, adsorption
    • D06N2209/123—Breathable
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2209/00—Properties of the materials
    • D06N2209/16—Properties of the materials having other properties
    • D06N2209/1671—Resistance to bacteria, mildew, mould, fungi
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • D06N2211/00—Specially adapted uses
    • D06N2211/06—Building materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/1435—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification comprising semi-permeable membrane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/22—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate
    • F24F2013/221—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate to avoid the formation of condensate, e.g. dew
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
    • F24F2221/30—Details or features not otherwise provided for comprising fireproof material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2139—Coating or impregnation specified as porous or permeable to a specific substance [e.g., water vapor, air, etc.]
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    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2631—Coating or impregnation provides heat or fire protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/674—Nonwoven fabric with a preformed polymeric film or sheet

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供涂料(14)，带有此种涂料的含隔绝体的建筑材料制品和涂布该涂料至建筑材料制品上的方法。该涂料对水和水溶液而言具有单向的“透过性”特征。即，该涂层基本上不透过液态水，而可透过水蒸汽。由涂料涂布的隔绝体中的水的蒸汽由此可通过涂层，而有效地防止了液态水通过涂层和进入至隔绝体中。

Description

建筑材料用半透过性涂料
发明领域
本发明总体上来说涉及一种建筑材料制品，且具体地说，涉及一种建筑材料用涂料，带有此种涂料的制品和涂布涂料至建筑材料上的方法。
发明背景
管道和导线管是用在建筑采暖、通风和空调(HVAC)系统中输送空气。在许多应用中，特别是在商业和工业建筑中，管道是用隔热和隔声材料内衬。该内衬提高了管道构件的热效率和降低了空气从中流动时产生的噪声。管道内衬(duct liner)可包含任何合适的有机材料或无机材料，例如诸如玻璃纤维之类的矿物纤维隔绝体等。典型的玻璃纤维管道内衬例如是建造成密度为约1.5-6磅/英尺3和厚度为约0.5-2英寸的玻璃纤维毡。所述隔绝体在其内面上或“气流”表面上包含一涂层。隔绝体的气流表面是通过管道输送空气的表面且是在最终的管道组件中接触管道金属板的表面的反面。所述涂层保护了隔绝体，特别是在管道内部的清刷和/或真空清洁时更是如此。如果隔绝体未被保护，纤维就可能从隔绝体中脱出。一旦脱出以后，它们就可能由气流带走并在整个建筑中循环，其中它们可能被建筑中的人吸入。在其内表面具有涂层的管道内衬的例子在美国专利3,861,425和4,101,700中提到。也有几种带有涂层的隔绝体的管道内衬由如下公司销售：宾夕法尼亚州的瓦利福日的CertainTeed Corp.的商品名ToughGard，俄亥俄州的托莱多的Owens Corning Fiberglas Corp.的Aeroflex和Aeromat，科罗多拉州丹氟市的Johns Manville Corp.的Permacote和Polycoustic″和印第安纳州谢尔比维尔的Knauf Fiber Glass GmbH的Duct Liner E.M。
熟知的是，在有水分和养分存在的环境中将生长微生物，且许多种微生物对室内空气质量具有不良影响。使管道内衬隔绝体中不含水分就抑制了潜在的有害微生物在采暖、通风和空调系统中生长。
在制造车间中，采暖、通风和空调系统生产商通常切割管道内衬并将其钉在金属板上。这种制造工艺在管道内衬中产生了小孔和外露的缝隙，由此液态水可从管道外部渗入至隔绝体中。如果液态水通过其输气表面用不透过性疏水材料的连续层涂布的管道内衬中的这些表面缺陷漏入至隔绝体中，则水可聚集和滞留在隔绝体中并支持微生物的生长。此后，微生物可通过允许水最初进入至管道构件中的相同的表面缺陷再进入至建筑的供气系统中。
为了解决在采暖、通风和空调系统中微生物生长的问题，美国专利5,314,719；5,379,806；5,487,412和5,783,268公开了在不透过性管道内衬和/或管道夹板(预制安装的刚性通气管)的输气表面上提供抗微生物剂。然而，这些专利没有对防止进入至管道构件的水聚集和滞留在纤维毡板管道内衬隔绝材料中和微生物在其中形成的有效方法进行深入分析。另外，抗微生物剂具有极其有限的作用区域。也就是说，它们仅仅在它们的最近周围有助于防止微生物生成。例如美国专利5,314,719介绍了大约1毫米的抗菌抑制区域。通常的管道内衬具有约1-2英寸厚的隔绝体。在这些制品中，如此有限的抑制区域对于防止由管道内衬隔绝体(其由通过管道的外壁和缝隙进入的水饱和)引起的微生物形成基本上是无用的。
因此，适合用在经涂层的管道内衬或其它建材制品(具有易于由水饱和引起的微生物生成的较厚的隔绝材料层)的半透过性涂料具有优势。所述涂层对液态水应当是基本上不可透过的且对水蒸气是可透过的。这样，在管道内部的液态水将不能通过涂层进入至隔绝体中而包含在隔绝体中的水的水蒸气将穿过涂层以促进隔绝体的干燥，由此降低了隔绝体中的微生物生长的可能性。
发明概述
本发明提供一种涂料，带有该种涂料的含隔绝体的建筑材料制品和涂布该种涂料至所述建筑材料制品上的方法。该涂料对水和水溶液而言具有单向的“透过性”特征。即，该涂层基本上不透过液态水，而可透过水蒸气。由涂料涂布的隔绝体中的水的蒸气由此可通过涂层，而有效地防止了液态水通过涂层和进入至隔绝体中。由此，涂层不仅防止了干的隔绝体被保留在该隔绝体背面的涂层的表面上的液态水浸湿，而且促进了潮湿的隔绝体的干燥。例如，在采暖、通风和空调管道内衬中，从这些性能得到至少两个重要的优点。水滞留的可能性和伴随的微生物对隔绝材料的污染均被降低。而且，因为是斥水性的并具有实质上的不透水性，管道内衬的内输气表面可以用水或水和溶剂或洗涤剂的水溶液清洗而不润湿隔绝体。
涂料优选包含喷涂丙烯酸类胶乳聚合物，其在建筑制品的制造过程中以较低量涂布至隔绝体上。低量的涂料对于保持一个半透过性表面涂层是重要的。过量的涂料可使得涂层具有基本上不透过性的膜结构。不透过性涂层折衷了带涂层的建材制品的声学效能，因为该涂层阻止了一些声波能量在隔绝体中耗散。另外，过量的涂层增加了制造成本和降低了(如果不是消除的话)涂层的透过性。
通过对实施本发明的目前的优选实施方案和目前优选的方法进行的下列描述，本发明的其它细节、目的和优势将变得明显。
附图的简要说明
通过仅仅示例性地对附图中所示的本发明的优选实施方案进行的下列描述，本发明将变得更明显，附图之中：
图1是按照本发明建造的建筑制品的分解图，其中也描述了所述制品对于水的半透过性；和
图2是按照本发明建造的几种管道内衬原型和几种市售的经涂层的管道内衬制品的斥水性的图示对比。
发明的详细描述
参照图1，显示了本发明的带隔绝体的建筑制品10。建筑制品10包含由合适隔热材料和隔声材料制成的基底毡板12和半透过性涂层14。根据所需的应用，建筑制品10还可包括一个或多个配置在基底毡板12和涂层14之间的由疏水性提高和/或增强材料制成的中间层16。
基底毡板12也可选自于适合用于建材制品所需用途的任何隔绝材料。该基底毡板可以由非纤维材料例如聚酰亚胺或密胺泡沫等制成或由矿物纤维例如玻璃纤维、耐火纤维或矿物棉纤维制成。基底毡板12的厚度和密度将由具体建筑设施所需或必需的隔声和/或隔热的水平决定。例如，如果将建筑制品10建造成用作采暖、通风和空调管道内衬，则基底毡板12可具有约0.5-2的厚度和约1.5-3磅/英尺3的密度。应理解的是，使用建筑制品10的墙壁、地板、天花板或其它设施可要求具有更大或更低厚度和密度的基底毡板12。
当建筑制品10是管道内衬时，基底毡板12可以由聚酰亚胺或密胺泡沫或玻璃纤维制成。根据目前优选的管道内衬构造，基底毡板是树脂粘合的旋转式或阻燃的玻璃纤维。另外，当建造成管道内衬时，建筑制品10优选包括配置在基底毡板12和涂层14之间的织造或非织造的纤维层16。合适的层16包括由宾夕法尼亚州的福特华盛顿的LydallManning销售的Johns Manville Corp.8440非织造玻璃毡板或1801FX非织造玻璃毡板。1801FX毡板是受欢迎的，因为它被化学地上浆以提高疏水性和建造成具有改进的纤维几何学以降低了毡板的表面不透明性(即开孔的量)。据认为，后一种性能是通过结合6-16微米的不同玻璃纤维直径的掺混物而实现。也对长度为约0.25-1.5英寸的各种纤维掺混物结合疏水性上浆化学法进行了测试。虽然上述的非织造玻璃毡板未被充分评估，但它们仍然显示出了作为实现半透过性隔绝建材制品的替代方法的希望。
半透过性涂层14是基本上不透过液态水而透过水蒸气。由涂料14涂布的基底毡板12中的水的蒸气由此可通过涂层，而有效地防止了液态水通过涂层和进入至隔绝体中。由此，涂层不仅防止了干的基底毡板隔绝体被保留在该隔绝体背面的涂层的表面上的液态水浸湿，而且促进了潮湿的隔绝体的干燥。半透过性涂层14优选包含具有阻燃剂、抗微生物剂或具有用于提高管道内衬或其它建材制品应用的涂层的效能的其它试剂或添加剂的泡沫丙烯酸类胶乳聚合物。本发明的发明者建造了结合有本发明的特征的几种管道内衬原型并评估其液态水排斥性、液态水不透过性和水蒸气透过性。在图2中分别标示为原型I、原型II、原型III的这些原型所用涂料的组成是如下。原型I用涂料是由北卡罗来纳州夏洛特的BFGoodrich Company销售的具有特定疏水添加剂的Series 3413丙烯酸类胶乳聚合物。原型II用涂料是由宾夕法尼亚州费城的Rohm & Haas Company以商品名ROPLEX销售的NW 1845丙烯酸类胶乳聚合物和有效量的消泡剂。在图2中没有反映出其斥水性效能数据但表现出极佳斥水性的另一种原型用涂料包括约30-80重量％，优选约45-55重量％的Rohm & Haas Company的NW 1845丙烯酸类胶乳聚合物以及约0.12-3.0重量％，优选约0.2-0.5重量％的由明尼苏达州的明尼阿波利斯的Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Co销售的FC-461可水分散的碳氟化合物。
当将建筑制品10建造成管道内衬时，选择所需的基底毡板12和中间层16并放在一起，且以现有技术中公知的方式用酚醛树脂将它们连接在一起。基底毡板12和中间层16是通过一个传送带输送至一个流水线喷涂器，该喷涂器将液态丙烯酸类胶乳聚合物化合物喷涂至正在移动的制品的中间体非织造玻璃层16的外表面上。涂布后的制品优选在输送带上以约10-60英尺/分钟的速度输送且移动通过一个干燥炉，在其中的停留时间是约15秒至1分钟且炉温保持在约230-450°F。当制品退出所述炉之后，所述胶乳化合物被完全固化。通过固化，优选的干涂层重量是约5-15克/英尺2。
再参照图1，其中示意性地显示了根据本发明建造的建筑制品10的液态水排斥性和水蒸气透过性性质。此处所述的半透过性表面涂层14排斥液态水滴18，耐受合并的水20，且保持使1/8-1英寸液态水柱22(或者是在一个1加仑的底开式罐中的200-400克水)不渗透过所述涂层并聚集在隔绝基底毡板12中。如虚线箭头24所示，涂层14和中间层16(如果有的话)构成一个半透过性层，该半透过性层允许在基底毡板12中的水蒸气26通过涂层的表面以释放至大气中或当如果建筑制品10是管道内衬时，则释放至采暖、通风和空调管道的内部。
在附图中没有示出但在实验室中已经显示的是，半透过性涂层14对肥皂状的洗涤剂液体(例如可用在清洗采暖、通风和空调管道构件中的那些)的耐受性。涂层的这个性质是在实验室中发现作为斥水性评估测试的一部分。根本上说，将肥皂状稀溶液灌注至按此处所述的管道内衬的表面上且在一个小时之后，肥皂状溶液仍然保留在表面上且用纸巾能容易地从表面上清除。
在与本发明相关的研究和开发中，本发明的发明者发现了一种用于制备半透过性建筑制品、特别是管道内衬的上述方法的替代方法。更具体地说，由Certain Teed Corp.销售的市场上可以买到的ToughGard管道内衬制品以及几种其它管道内衬制品是用特拉华州纽瓦克的W.L.Gore & Associates，Inc.销售的称之为ReviveX的斥水性的含氟聚合物产品喷涂并在干燥炉中于250°F下固化2小时。用ReviveX处理的管道内衬制品表现出改进的斥水性。
通过本发明，提供了一种用于旋转式或阻燃的玻璃纤维管道内衬的丙烯酸类胶乳表面涂料，其具有上述的半透过性性能且因此改进了建筑物的室内空气质量。该管道内衬也具有溶剂和液态洗涤剂耐受性以能够润湿清洗管道。
本发明还提供了一种成本合理的、可透过性(半透过性)的涂料，其可用于任何类型的建筑制品，无论是经隔绝处理的或非经隔绝处理的。该涂料允许水蒸气不受阻碍地通过，由此水蒸气自由地进入和退出隔绝体。非限制性地举例言之，所述涂料可涂布至其它采暖、通风和空调制品例如管道夹板(duct board)等或在所述技术具有优点的建材工业中使用的其它有机或无机基材上。
虽然为说明的目的，上面详细地描述了本发明，但应理解的是，此种细节仅仅用于说明的目的，在不偏离本发明的精神实质和范围的情况下本领域的熟练人员可对其中进行改进，本发明可只受权利要求书的限制。

Claims (38)

1、一种建筑制品，其包含：
一基底毡板；和
由该基底毡板携带的涂料，该涂料以使其涂层基本上不透过液态水而可透过水蒸气的量存在。
2、如权利要求1所述的建筑制品，其中所述基底毡板是由非纤维泡沫制成。
3、如权利要求1所述的建筑制品，其中所述基底毡板是由矿物纤维制成。
4、如权利要求3所述的建筑制品，其中所述矿物纤维是选自由玻璃纤维、耐火纤维和矿物棉纤维组成的组。
5、如权利要求4所述的建筑制品，其中所述基底毡板是树脂粘合的旋转式或阻燃的纤维玻璃。
6、如权利要求1所述的建筑制品，其中所述涂料包含有聚合物。
7、如权利要求6所述的建筑制品，其中所述涂料还包含至少一种效能提高剂。
8、如权利要求7所述的建筑制品，其中所述至少一种效能提高剂是阻燃剂。
9、如权利要求7所述的建筑制品，其中所述至少一种效能提高剂是抗微生物剂。
10、如权利要求6所述的建筑制品，其中所述聚合物是丙烯酸类胶乳聚合物。
11、如权利要求6所述的建筑制品，其中所述聚合物是含氟聚合物。
12、如权利要求1所述的建筑制品，其还包含配置在所述基底毡板和所述涂层之间的纤维层。
13、如权利要求12所述的建筑制品，其中所述纤维层通过树脂连接至所述基底毡板上。
14、如权利要求13所述的建筑制品，其中所述树脂是酚醛树脂。
15、如权利要求12所述的建筑制品，其中所述纤维层是织造的。
16、如权利要求12所述的建筑制品，其中所述纤维层是非织造的。
17、如权利要求16所述的建筑制品，其中所述非织造纤维层是玻璃纤维毡。
18、如权利要求1所述的建筑制品，其中所述建筑制品是管道内衬。
19、如权利要求1所述的建筑制品，其中所述建筑制品是管道夹板。
20、一种制备建筑制品的方法，其包含：
提供一基底毡板；和
涂布涂料至该基底毡板上，该涂料以使其涂层基本上不透过液态水而可透过水蒸气的量涂布。
21、如权利要求20所述的方法，其中所述基底毡板是由非纤维泡沫制成。
22、如权利要求20所述的方法，其中所述基底毡板是由矿物纤维制成。
23、如权利要求22所述的方法，其中所述矿物纤维是选自由玻璃纤维、耐火纤维和矿物棉纤维组成的组。
24、如权利要求23所述的方法，其中所述基底毡板是树脂粘合的旋转式或阻燃的纤维玻璃。
25、如权利要求20所述的方法，其中所述涂料包含有聚合物。
26、如权利要求25所述的方法，其中所述涂料还包含至少一种效能提高剂。
27、如权利要求26所述的方法，其中所述至少一种效能提高剂是阻燃剂。
28、如权利要求26所述的方法，其中所述至少一种效能提高剂是抗微生物剂。
29、如权利要求25所述的方法，其中所述聚合物是丙烯酸类胶乳聚合物。
30、如权利要求25所述的方法，其中所述聚合物是含氟聚合物。
31、如权利要求26所述的方法，其还包含配置在所述基底毡板和所述涂层之间的纤维层。
32、如权利要求31所述的方法，其中所述纤维层通过树脂连接至所述基底毡板上。
33、如权利要求32所述的方法，其中所述树脂是酚醛树脂。
34、如权利要求31所述的方法，其中所述纤维层是织造的。
35、如权利要求31所述的方法，其中所述纤维层是非织造的。
36、如权利要求35所述的方法，其中所述非织造纤维层是玻璃纤维毡。
37、如权利要求20所述的方法，其中所述建筑制品是管道内衬。
38、如权利要求20所述的方法，其中所述建筑制品是管道夹板。
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