The anti-interference method that large size magnetic core sensor and directional couple pulse are differentiated
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of large scale electrical power unit state of insulation on-line monitoring, the anti-interference method that particularly a kind of large size magnetic-core type current sensor and directional couple pulse are differentiated.
Two, background technology
1. Partial Discharge in Power Transformer on-line monitoring
In the existing power partial discharge of transformer on-line monitoring system, utilize internal diameter to shield coupled discharge signals such as ground wire, neutral ground line, iron core grounding line from the end less than the little chi footpath magnetic-core type current sensor of 50mm, and utilize non-magnetic-core type current sensor to extract discharge signal from bushing, suppress on-the-spot by measures such as differential, digital filterings and disturb and the pulse of identification transformer internal discharge, thereby obtain more real discharge information.
2. sensor technology
In order to do the pulse discriminating from the local discharge signal of high-voltage terminal end coupling transformer and the signal of bottom shielding of bushing ground wire coupling, to be limited to large size magnetic-core type current sensor difficulty of processing and cost very high in the past, has only the non-magnetic-core type current sensor of employing.Rogovski coil, parallel resistance electric capacity, shielding box that this sensor is core by nonmagnetic substance etc. formed.
Non-magnetic-core type sensor is serious to the distortion of local discharge signal, can only satisfy lower sensitivity requirement, and is difficult to the requirement that coincidence impulse polarity is differentiated.And because the employing nonmagnetic substance is a core, according to coil inductance computing formula L=(μ hln (R/r))/2 π as can be known, compare with magnetic core formula sensor, because the μ value is more much smaller than the magnetic core, so sensitivity is just much lower.
3. pulse recognition Anti-Jamming Technique
In order to discern discharge pulse from transformer inside, differentiate principle according to differential principle and polarity, adopted difference channel or logic gates that two paths of signals is carried out difference amplification or the judgement of paired pulses polarity in the past, discern discharge and interference.
Two comparison signals are because the transmission path difference; size and waveform are all inequality, and difference channel can only be removed the interference of some frequency component, and logic gates occurs misoperation for waveform through regular meeting; make monitoring system normally discern discharge pulse, lost the meaning of on-line monitoring.
If operating large scale electrical power unit such as transformer, generator etc. break down, will all can produce catastrophic effect to electric system and even national economy.The power equipment shelf depreciation is carried out on-line monitoring, can effectively monitor the power equipment running status, improve safety operation level.
When with pulse current method power transformer being carried out partial discharge monitoring, serious electromagnetic interference (EMI) greatly reduces monitoring sensitivity and reliability, sometimes in addition feasible measurement can't carry out.Therefore, one of gordian technique of partial discharge monitoring is how to suppress to disturb, in the hope of detecting real local discharge signal.(1) signal coupling
For the inhibition of disturbing, at first should be from the signal source analysis.According to the simulation analysis to the large-scale power transformer shelf depreciation, high-voltage connection is a best monitoring points.For the coupled high voltage lead signal, sensor need be installed in the bushing base.Its size is very big, and the above sleeve pipe base diameter of 110KV surpasses 210mm.
Simultaneously, confirm and relatively from high-voltage connection, shield the signal that collects in the lead-in wire to carry out discharge pulse polarity discriminating [Luo Bing et al by software with the bushing end, A new method of noise suppressionfor on-line monitoring partial discharge in transformers.ISH-1995,5587-2], or but the dual-purpose pulse amplitude is differentiated so that disturbing removal, only write down real discharge pulse.
Existing little chi footpath magnetic-core type sensor [Borisi H, et al.Application ofRogowiski Coilsfor Partial Discharge Decoupling and noise suppression ISH.1987,42.02] have a premium properties, for the signal that is coupled to from bushing and bottom shielding of bushing has comparability and consistance, differentiate so that carry out pulse recognition and amplitude, impel the applicant to attempt the development of large size magnetic-core type sensor.(2) pulse is differentiated anti-interference
In view of the difference amplification and the polarity discrimination method that adopted hardware circuit to realize are difficult to effective recognition discharge pulse at the scene in the past, disturb in order to suppress effectively, identification is from the local discharge signal of transformer inside, the applicant furthers investigate, proposed based on the directional couple pulse polarity of virtual instrument software identification and the anti-interference method of amplitude discriminating, the function that it utilizes software to greatest extent and is had will help to improve the reliability and the accuracy of pulse recognition.
Three, summary of the invention
One object of the present invention is to provide a kind of large size magnetic-core type current sensor; Another object of the present invention is that a kind of anti-interference method of differentiating about the pulse of large size magnetic core sensor directional couple is provided.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is, this large size magnetic-core type current sensor, by adopting sectionally assembled ferrite is that Rogovski coil, filtering and sampling unit, the electromagnetic screen box etc. of magnetic core constitute, be characterized in, whole magnetic core is made up of a plurality of strip FERRITE CORE, is docked by two open magnetic cores and makes it to be close-shaped; After magnetic core winds coil, at coil two ends polyphone high-pass filtering electric capacity and sampling resistor; The sensitivity of series circuit is greater than parallel circuit, and capacitor C has good filter action to low frequency signal simultaneously, according to simulation analysis and actual tests, can determine parameters such as suitable electric capacity, resistance and coil turn;
In order effectively to suppress the space electromagnetic interference (EMI), improve antijamming capability, the vibration resistance of coil, make semi-enclosed sensor outer housing with sheet metal, simultaneously can conductively-closed for the signal that guarantees required detection, the inboard of shell is designed to open, makes coupled signal can enter coil smoothly.
Some other characteristics of the present invention are, described two open magnetic cores dock make it to be sealing be shaped as " returning " word square or " returning " word hexagon or " returning " word circle.
Parameters such as described suitable electric capacity, resistance and coil turn are: capacitance is decided to be 0.01 μ F, and resistance is 1K Ω, and coil turn is 37 circles.
The anti-interference method that a kind of large size magnetic-core type current sensor and directional couple pulse polarity amplitude are differentiated, it is characterized in that, install small one and large one two with large size magnetic-core type current sensor at every phase high pressure winding, big according to homophase bushing place and bottom shielding of bushing place, little sensor is coupled to the similarities and differences of external interference signals and internal discharge signal pulse polarity, identification occurs in the local discharge signal of transformer inside, by computer software confirm and relatively two sensor acquisition of size to the polarity or the amplitude of pulse differentiate shelf depreciation and external interference; Carry out according to the following steps:
1) polarity is differentiated
According to the large and small sensors coupled at homophase bushing place and bottom shielding of bushing place the similarities and differences, can discern the local discharge signal that occurs in transformer inside to external interference signals and internal discharge signal pulse polarity;
Pulse polarity based on sensor with good α response and software phase compensation technology is differentiated virtual instrument, can discern transformer internal discharge signal preferably; At first, computing machine is the signal of at least 50 power frequency periods of continuous acquisition, and these signals are respectively from the large sensor of bushing base position and from the little sensor at bottom shielding of bushing place.Then, software is the data segment of several equal time length with the signal segmentation that collects in each power frequency period, the length of data segment can be adjusted according to test and field condition, under each data segment, signal and the signal elder generation process PERIODIC INTERFERENCE of bottom shielding of bushing ground wire and the inhibition that ground unrest disturbs from the transformer high-voltage lead-in wire, in virtual pulse recognition instrument, obtain the polarity of two paths of signals waveform in the identical time period afterwards respectively, and carry out the identical or different judgement of polarity, what polarity was identical is to disturb, and removes it; What polarity was different is discharge, notes;
2) amplitude is differentiated
Adopt Rogowski coil close flange place coupling local discharge signal bottom bushing of special coiling, and judge that according to the size of coil both end voltage local discharge signal still is external electromagnetic interference (EMI); This method couples together the centre tap of Rogowski coil and bushing shell for transformer end screen measurement terminal; Low resistance grounding of end screen measuring junction substring; Capacitance of bushing C and end screen ground capacitance C
zForm capacitive divider, C
1<<C
2, make R
1, R
2, R
s, all be in electronegative potential, Rogowski coil and bushing end screen measurement terminal link up and constitute the directional couple circuit; U (1)=Uc+U1, U (2)=Uc-U2=Uc-U1, U (1)>U (2) at this moment; If electric current I is reverse, then U (1)<U (2); Relatively U (1) and U (2) just can clearly come local discharge signal and the difference of external electromagnetic interference (EMI) thus.
The workout content of described software is: at first, computing machine is the signal of at least 50 power frequency periods of continuous acquisition, and these signals are respectively from the large sensor up-sampling resistance R of bushing base position
1, R
2On voltage-to-ground U (1) and U (2).Then, software is the data segment of several equal time length with the signal segmentation that collects in each power frequency period, the length of data segment can be adjusted according to test and field condition, under each data segment, from the signal elder generation process PERIODIC INTERFERENCE of large sensor and the inhibition of ground unrest interference, in virtual pulse recognition instrument, obtain the volt value of two paths of signals voltage in the identical time period afterwards respectively, and carry out amplitude relatively.If U (1)>U (2) then thinks undesired signal, remove it; If U (1)<U (2) thinks discharge signal, the storage data.
The sensitivity of large size magnetic-core type current sensor of the present invention can reach 100pC, and response bandwidth-3db is 80K~5MHz down, and resolution is 5 μ s, has the better linearity degree.
Utilize large size magnetic-core type current sensor directional couple polarity of the present invention to differentiate and the amplitude discrimination method, can accurately discern local discharge signal in following scope: time span is that 200ns~100 μ s, amplitude are 1mV~5000mV, the time delay α response signal less than 500ns.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is large size magnetic-core type sensor of the present invention (structure of a Rogovski) synoptic diagram, and wherein (a) is the structural representation of magnetic core, (b) structural representation of coil;
Fig. 2 is that amplitude of the present invention is differentiated schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the sensor response wave shape figure on the bushing;
Fig. 4 is the sensor response wave shape figure on the bottom shielding of bushing;
Fig. 5 is that simulation is disturbed and the discharge connection schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the oscillogram that laboratory simulation interference and actual discharge sensors coupled arrive.
Five, embodiment
For a more clear understanding of the present invention, the present invention is described in further detail according to embodiment that technical scheme of the present invention is finished below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and inventor.
1. large size magnetic-core type current sensor
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, large size magnetic-core type sensor adopts sectionally assembled making magnetic core.Rogovski coil, filtering and sampling unit, electromagnetic screen box that it is magnetic core by ferrite etc. constitutes.
Shown in Fig. 1 (a), whole magnetic core is made up of a plurality of strip FERRITE CORE, is docked by two open magnetic cores to make it to be sealing and " return " shapes such as word square, hexagon, circle.The relative permeability of magnetic core has guaranteed that far above non-core material sensor has higher sensitivity.
After magnetic core winds coil, see Fig. 1 (b), at coil two ends polyphone high-pass filtering electric capacity and sampling resistor.The sensitivity of series circuit is greater than parallel circuit, and capacitor C has good filter action to low frequency signal simultaneously, according to simulation analysis and actual tests, can determine parameters such as suitable electric capacity, resistance and coil turn.(with the sensor that is installed in 110KV bushing base is example, and capacitance is decided to be 0.01 μ F, and resistance is 1K Ω, and coil turn is 37 circles.)
In order effectively to suppress the space electromagnetic interference (EMI), improve antijamming capability, the vibration resistance of coil, make semi-enclosed sensor outer housing with sheet metal, the direct ground connection of the shell of sensor, good to the shield effectiveness of electric and magnetic interference.Simultaneously can conductively-closed for the signal that guarantees required detection, the inboard of shell is designed to open, make coupled signal can enter coil smoothly.
2. the anti-interference method that adopts the pulse of large size magnetic core sensor directional couple to differentiate
Install small one and large one two with large size magnetic-core type current sensor at every phase high pressure winding, arrive the similarities and differences of external interference signals and internal discharge signal pulse polarity according to the large and small sensors coupled at homophase bushing place and bottom shielding of bushing place, identification occurs in the local discharge signal of transformer inside, by computer software confirm and relatively two sensor acquisition of size to the polarity or the amplitude of pulse differentiate shelf depreciation and external interference; Carry out according to the following steps:
(1) polarity is differentiated
Polarity differentiates that principle promptly arrives the similarities and differences of external interference signals and internal discharge signal pulse polarity according to the large and small sensors coupled at homophase bushing place and bottom shielding of bushing place, can discern the local discharge signal that occurs in transformer inside.
Pulse polarity based on large size magnetic-core type current sensor with good α response and software phase compensation technology composition of the present invention is differentiated virtual instrument, can discern transformer internal discharge signal preferably.At first, computing machine is the signal of at least 50 power frequency periods of continuous acquisition, and these signals are respectively from the large sensor of bushing base position and from the little sensor at bottom shielding of bushing place.Then, is the data segment of several equal time length by computer software with the signal segmentation that collects in each power frequency period, the length of data segment can be adjusted according to test and field condition, under each data segment, signal and the signal elder generation process PERIODIC INTERFERENCE of bottom shielding of bushing ground wire and the inhibition that ground unrest disturbs from the transformer high-voltage lead-in wire, in virtual pulse recognition instrument, obtain the polarity of two paths of signals waveform in the identical time period afterwards respectively, and carry out the identical or different judgement of polarity, what polarity was identical is to disturb, and removes it; What polarity was different is discharge, notes.
(2) amplitude is differentiated
Principle as shown in Figure 2, it with the Rogowski coil of special coiling in the bushing bottom near flange place coupling office discharge signal, and judge that according to the size of coil both end voltage local discharge signal still is external electromagnetic interference (EMI).This method couples together the centre tap of Rogowski coil and bushing shell for transformer end screen measurement terminal.Low resistance grounding of end screen measuring junction substring.Capacitance of bushing C and end screen ground capacitance C
zForm capacitive divider, C
1<<C
2, make R
1, R
2, R
s, all be in electronegative potential.Rogowski coil and bushing end screen measurement terminal link up and constitute the directional couple circuit.Fig. 1 directional couple circuital current I is as shown during direction, U (2)=Uc+U1, U (2)=Uc-U2=Uc-U1.This moment U (1)>U (2); If electric current I is reverse, then U (1)<U (2).Relatively U (1) and U (2) just can clearly come local discharge signal and the difference of external electromagnetic interference (EMI) thus.
The sensitivity of large size magnetic-core type current sensor of the present invention can reach 100pC, and response bandwidth-3db is 80K~5MHz down, and resolution is 5 μ s, has the better linearity degree.
Utilize large size magnetic-core type current sensor directional couple polarity of the present invention to differentiate and the amplitude discrimination method, can accurately discern local discharge signal in following scope: time span is that 200ns~100 μ s, amplitude are 1mV~5000mV, the time delay α response signal less than 500ns.
Embodiment: as follows to the test that certain #2 of power plant main-transformer carries out: under the off-line state, according to GB GB7354-87, injecting rising edge between A phase high-voltage terminal end and transformer case is that 45ns, the quantity of electric charge are the pulse of 1000pC.Fig. 3,4 is respectively the A time domain response of two sensors mutually that 500MHz bandwidth oscillograph (Tektronix TDS3052) shows, not only signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is very high for the signal that two sensors coupled arrive, and has a good α response, simultaneously, the maximum impulse amplitude that both respond is respectively 0.3V and 0.8V, time delay 20ns differentiates, obtains effective amplitude information etc. for the subsequent treatment of pulse signal such as polarity and created necessary condition.
Can see that from Fig. 3,4 from the pulse interference signal of transformer outside, first ripple polarity of signal that two sensors coupled arrive is identical for simulation, thereby the undesired signal of being judged as is utilized software to judge and it can be eliminated.
By virtual instrument, the anti-interference method test circuit schematic diagram that directional couple pulse polarity and amplitude are differentiated as shown in Figure 5, among the figure, sensor a, b are respectively rectangle large sensor and annular little sensor, the input of square wave is that size is the analog pulse of 1000pc.When square wave just terminate at 1 the time, square wave simulation is disturbed; When square wave is just terminating at 2, the discharge of square wave analogue transformer.
Respectively with square wave just be connected to 1,2 two points, the waveform that obtains large and small sensor in the oscillograph is as shown in Figure 6.Large sensor is adopted the signal of coupling when (a) disturbing for simulation, and time shaft length is 10 μ s, 100 times of amplifier decay; The signal of little sensors coupled when (b) disturbing for simulation, time shaft length is 10 μ s, amplifier decays to 1000 times; The signal of large sensor coupling during (c) for the simulation discharge, time shaft length is 20 μ s, amplifier decays to 1000 times; The signal of little sensors coupled during (d) for the simulation discharge, time shaft length is 20 μ s, amplifier decays to 1000 times.
As can see from Figure 6, when simulation was disturbed, the pulse direction that large and small sensors coupled arrives was identical; On the contrary, when the simulation discharge, the pulse direction that large and small sensors coupled arrives is opposite.And, when being all disturbing pulse, the peak-peak same polarity of two oscillating impulses; When being all discharge pulse, the peak-peak heteropolarity of two oscillating impulses.Thus, software can be discerned discharge preferably and disturb.
As mentioned above, adopt the present invention to carry out shelf depreciations such as the medium-and-large-sized transformer of on-line monitoring electric system, mutual inductor, generator, can the minimizing accident take place, ensure the power system safety and stability operation, thereby obtain huge economic benefit.