CN1394969A - Laser surface hardening process of gear - Google Patents
Laser surface hardening process of gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN1394969A CN1394969A CN 02134414 CN02134414A CN1394969A CN 1394969 A CN1394969 A CN 1394969A CN 02134414 CN02134414 CN 02134414 CN 02134414 A CN02134414 A CN 02134414A CN 1394969 A CN1394969 A CN 1394969A
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Abstract
The laser surface-hardening process of gear includes the following steps: (1). cleaning surface of gear to be treated and applying light-absorbing paint; (2) scanning surface of gear by using laser beam to quickly heat the surface layer or gear to above phase transformation temp.; (3) removing laser beam from surface of gear, making gear self-body quickly cool and quench so as to form hardened layer on surface of gear. Said ivnention not only possesses high quenching hardness, but also the hardened layer formed on the surface of gear is a alloyed layer whose grains are refined, deformation is less and it has no environmental pollution.
Description
1, technical field:
The present invention is a kind of laser surface hardening process of gear, belongs to the innovative technology of gear surface hardening process.
2, background technology:
Geartransmission is mechanically operated a kind of principal mode, and gear is a widely used important foundation part in machine, the engineering goods.Mechanical transmission requires gear that good supporting capacity is arranged.The work-ing life of gear is relevant with quality, mechanical workout and heat treated quality and the working conditions of gear materials.Wherein gear material and thermal treatment are the key factors that influences gear capacity and work-ing life, also are the important steps of the whole Gear Production quality of relation.The use practice of gear shows, the tired spot corrosion of the main collapse mode geared surface of gear, tooth surface abrasion, flank of tooth gummed and break of gear tooth.Therefore require the gear teeth that good bending strength, contact fatigue strength, tooth face hardness are arranged, and require the good toughness of having of heart portion.Thereby require on gear integral body modified (less demanding gear can adopt normalizing) processing basis, also will carry out the surface hardening processing to the tooth portion of gear.
The common process method that the surface hardening of wheel tooth portion is handled has carburizing, nitriding, flame quenching, induction quenching.The whole manufacturing process of carburizing and quenching gear is complicated excessively, and the distortion that carburizing and quenching causes is bigger, for controlled deformation, often adopts die quenching.Sometimes use the die quenching can not controlled deformation, need remake finishing and handle; Carburization process used to process furnace energy consumption height, liquid carburizing also relates to the NaCN highly toxic substance; Not needing the position of carburizing also need do antiseepage to gear handles.The manufacturing process flow of nitriding gear is simpler than carburizing, and need not quench after the nitriding just can obtain high hardness, but the nitriding process cycle is long, the cost height, and nitrided case is thin and crisp, need do antiseepage to the position that does not need nitriding and handle.Flame-hardened Heating temperature and depth of hardening zone are wayward, quench-hardened case quality instability, nozzle arrangements complexity.Gear induction quenching method is used relatively extensively, but when adopting the revolution induction quenching, for the big slightly gear of modulus, in order to reach the heating full-depth tooth, can cause the crown burning; And during with the continuous heating quenching method of monodentate, be difficult to obtain even hardened layer again, particularly the tooth root difference of hardness along the full-depth tooth exterior feature; Employing is during along the continuous heating quenching method of roller seating space, and the quenching effect at tooth top position is poor again, moreover that inductor block is made is complicated, and versatility is poor, thereby the cost height.
3, summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming and a kind of not only quenching hardness height is provided, and the hardened layer that flank of tooth top layer forms is the alloying top layer, its grain refining, be out of shape minimum, the Gear by Laser surface hardening treatment process of non-environmental-pollution.The highly versatile of machine tool that the present invention is used and technology device, the operating automation degree height, technical process is short, low cost of manufacture.The present invention can partly substitute with conventional gear thermal treatment process such as carburizing, nitriding, induction quenching, flame quenchings.
With the surperficial transformation hardening of the flank profil of gear, it carries out as follows with laser beam in the present invention:
(1) surface of pending gear is cleared up, be coated with extinction coating;
(2) with laser beam scanning motion is carried out on the gear-profile surface, the flank profil top layer is heated rapidly to more than the transformation temperature;
(3) laser beam is left the flank profil surface of gear, gear because of itself thermal conduction immediately self fast cooling quench, form hardened layer on flank of tooth top layer.
Above-mentioned laser beam is CO
2Laser beam.
The above-mentioned hot spot power density that shines the flank of tooth is 10
4～10
5W/cm
2
The degree of depth of above-mentioned hardened layer is 0.4～1mm.
Above-mentioned extinction coating is composite light absorption coating.
Above-mentioned composite light absorption coating is at CO commonly used
2Be added with nickel-base alloy powder and hard carbide powder such as WC, TiC in the extinction coating.
The above-mentioned laser facula that shines the flank of tooth is arrowband circular light spot or broadband strip light spots;
Above-mentioned handled gear has passed through modified before laser surface intensified processing or thermal treatment in advance such as normalizing or carburizing and mechanical workout, can directly come into operation through after the laser surface intensified processing.Can't make the gear of the modified or normalizing of gear for being limited to heat-treat condition, also available laser surface hardening is handled.
Above-mentioned used laser beam realizes with the CNC laser processing machine bed that to the scanning motion on the flank profil surface of gear for straight tooth gear, the scan mode of laser beam is that gear is motionless, and condensing lens is made axial feed motion along the flank profil surface; For twisted spur gear or V-gear, laser beam is synthetic with the axial feed motion of condensing lens by rotatablely moving of gear along the scanning motion on flank profil surface;
The rotation direction that above-mentioned laser beam is pressed tooth to the scanning motion on the flank profil surface of gear scans by tooth successively, and is the flank of tooth of sweeping complete gear one side earlier, scans the flank of tooth of opposite side again; Branch tooth method by tooth scanning has: with mechanical locating mechanism control location, or use the numerical control scale-division dual mode.
The present invention compares with the gear surface hardening process of routine has following characteristics:
1, handle the flank of tooth of gear with the laser surface hardening method, can accomplish tooth-face roughness is degenerated, and the distortion of laser surface hardening processing back workpiece is minimum, can ignore.Thereby for the gear of 6,7,8 commonly used class precision grades, the laser surface intensified finishing operation that can be used as Gear Processing does not need to increase follow-up finishing procedure again, need not remake temper yet.
2, through after the laser surface hardening processing, the unrelieved stress that exists in the flank of tooth hardened layer is a stress, and this helps improving the work-ing life of gear.
3, with laser the flank of tooth is carried out surface hardening and handle, only need carry out scanning motion to the flank of tooth with laser beam, the highly versatile of used technology device, it is poor not resemble induction hardened inductor block and the flame-hardened nozzle versatility.
4, ideal flank of tooth hardened layer should be along the flank profil uniform distribution, accurately controls because the laser surface hardening process parameter very easily realizes automatization, compares with induction quenching or flame quenching, can obtain better along the equally distributed hardened layer of flank profil.
5, laser surface hardening is handled and to be belonged to the Local treatment method, and very easily realizes the accurate control to required sclerosis position, need not to resemble for non-into treatment sites and will do antiseepage carburizing, the nitriding method and handle.
6, direction all is certainly outward inwards, thereby there is hardness downward gravity from outside to inside in quench-hardened case in the heating and cooling to workpiece of induction quenching or flame quenching method (with outer medium cooling).And when making surperficial hardening treatment with laser, owing to can realize quick self cooling of workpiece, the refrigerative direction is outwards to cool off from the lining, thereby the hardness of whole laser hardening layer is identical, and this has very important significance for the wear resistance that improves gear teeth face.
7, the gear of same material is handled and can be obtained the crystal grain of higher surface hardness, refinement, uniform hardened layer than induction quenching or flame quenching with laser surface hardening.
8, laser surface hardening is handled and generally be need not to add heat-eliminating medium, and environment is not produced pollution in laser surface intensified whole process.
9, for large gear, other thermal treatment process often are subjected to the restriction of treatment facility, and laser surface hardening is handled and just more showed its technology superiority.
The present invention is the quenching hardness height not only, and the hardened layer that flank of tooth top layer forms is the alloying top layer, its grain refining, be out of shape minimum, non-environmental-pollution.The highly versatile of machine tool that the present invention is used and technology device, the operating automation degree height, technical process is short, low cost of manufacture.The present invention can partly substitute with conventional gear thermal treatment process such as carburizing, nitriding, induction quenching, flame quenchings.
In addition, the Gear by Laser surface hardening process is specially adapted to large gear, the heavy load transmission gear of metallurgy, mining machinery etc., because the modulus of gear is big, gear monnolithic case size is big, conventional thermal treatment process is subjected to the restriction of equipment and is difficult to carry out flank of tooth thermal treatment, is typically designed to low-stress, modified soft flank of tooth state use.As the flank of tooth of this type gear being carried out hardening treatment, increase its surface hardness, just can improve significantly its work-ing life with laser surface intensified technique.Large gear is after over carburizing, and the also available laser surface hardening process of the quenching of its flank of tooth carries out.
The characteristics that above laser surface hardening is handled can greatly be simplified gear manufacturing process flow process, improve the quality of gear, reduce the gear manufacturing cost.
4, description of drawings:
Describe concrete structure of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 be in the embodiment of the invention laser beam along the sweep velocity of the herringbone flank of tooth by the rotation round speed of gear and the axial feed velocity synthetic synoptic diagram of condensing lens.
5, embodiment:
Embodiment:
The present invention is that the tooth surface laser surface hardening that is used for certain wire rod mill production line associating step-down gear herringbone gear shaft is handled, and the material of gear is 34CrNiMo, matrix quenching and tempering hardness HB300～320.Module of gear Mn=16mm, tooth number Z=22, helixangle=26.83 °.The used laser treatment machine of the present invention is the GFT-II type laser heat-treatment machine (having four shaft three-linkage numerical control systems) that Guangzhou company of Futong produces.It carries out as follows:
(1) surface of pending gear is cleared up, be coated with extinction coating;
(2) with laser beam scanning motion is carried out on the gear-profile surface, the flank profil top layer is heated rapidly to more than the transformation temperature;
(3) laser beam is left the flank profil surface of gear, gear because of itself thermal conduction immediately self fast cooling quench, form hardened layer on flank of tooth top layer.
Above-mentioned laser beam is CO
2Laser beam.
Above-mentioned laser beam irradiation is arrowband circular light spot or broadband strip light spots to the laser facula of the flank of tooth.Adjust the laser processing technology parameter, as laser power, spot size, sweep velocity etc., when with laser beam the flank of tooth partly being scanned, the laser power of laser beam is 1600W, and spot diameter is 5mm, and sweep velocity is 1.5m/min, and the scanning strip amount of lap is 1mm.When with laser beam the tooth root position being scanned, the laser power of laser beam is 1500W, and spot diameter is 6mm, and sweep velocity is 1.8m/min, and the power density that makes the hot spot that shines the flank of tooth is 10
4～10
5W/cm
2, can make the flank of tooth produce the transformation hardening layer, the degree of depth of hardened layer is 0.4～1mm, tooth face hardness is relevant with the used material of gear.
Regulate laser facula size and laser beam incident direction to the flank of tooth.Spot size is identical with the face width of tooth that is scanned as far as possible.If shine surperficial broad, can be at twice or twice above scanning.Laser beam is being avoided under the prerequisite of adjacent interference of tooth profiles, shines Surface Vertical with quilt as far as possible, and input angle is not less than 45 °.
Above-mentioned extinction coating is composite light absorption coating.Composite light absorption coating is at CO commonly used
2Be added with nickel-base alloy powder and hard carbide powder such as WC, TiC in the extinction coating.
Laser beam is synthesized by the rotation round speed of gear and the axial feed velocity of condensing lens along the sweep velocity of the herringbone flank of tooth, as shown in Figure 1.
In order to improve the working efficiency of laser treatment, the rotation direction that above-mentioned laser beam is pressed tooth to the scanning motion on the flank profil surface of gear scans by tooth successively, after the gear teeth of a rotation direction of scanning, scans the gear teeth of another rotation direction more earlier.
The present invention adopts the scribing block localization method to divide tooth by the branch tooth method of tooth scanning, and this method is simple and effective.
Above-mentioned handled gear has passed through modified thermal treatment in advance and mechanical workouts such as (or normalizings) before laser surface intensified processing, can directly come into operation through after the laser surface intensified processing.
After the laser surface hardening processing, tooth face hardness is HRC55～60, and the flank of tooth is as before bright and clean, and result of use is fine.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of laser surface hardening process of gear is characterized in that it carries out as follows with the flank profil surface transformation hardening of laser beam with gear:
(1) surface of pending gear is cleared up, be coated with extinction coating;
(2) with laser beam scanning motion is carried out on the gear-profile surface, the flank profil top layer is heated rapidly to more than the transformation temperature;
(3) laser beam is left the flank profil surface of gear, gear because of itself thermal conduction immediately self fast cooling quench, form hardened layer on flank of tooth top layer.
2, the laser surface hardening process of gear according to claim 1 is characterized in that above-mentioned laser beam is CO
2Laser beam.
3, the laser surface hardening process of gear according to claim 1 is characterized in that the above-mentioned hot spot power density that shines the flank of tooth is 10
4～10
5W/cm
2
4, the laser surface hardening process of gear according to claim 3, the degree of depth that it is characterized in that above-mentioned hardened layer is 0.4～1mm.
5, the laser surface hardening process of gear according to claim 1 is characterized in that above-mentioned extinction coating is composite light absorption coating.
6, the laser surface hardening process of gear according to claim 5 is characterized in that above-mentioned composite light absorption coating is at CO commonly used
2Be added with nickel-base alloy powder and hard carbide powder such as WC, TiC in the extinction coating.
7, the laser surface hardening process of gear according to claim 1 is characterized in that the above-mentioned laser facula that shines the flank of tooth is arrowband circular light spot or broadband strip light spots;
8, according to the laser surface hardening process of claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 described gears, it is characterized in that above-mentioned handled gear has passed through modified or thermal treatment in advance such as normalizing or carburizing and mechanical workout before laser surface intensified processing, can directly come into operation through after the laser surface intensified processing.Can't make the gear of the modified or normalizing of gear for being limited to heat-treat condition, also available laser surface hardening is handled.
9, the laser surface hardening process of gear according to claim 8, it is characterized in that above-mentioned used laser beam realizes with the CNC laser processing machine bed the scanning motion on the flank profil surface of gear, for straight tooth gear, the scan mode of laser beam is that gear is motionless, and condensing lens is made axial feed motion along the flank profil surface; For twisted spur gear or V-gear, laser beam is synthetic with the axial feed motion of condensing lens by rotatablely moving of gear along the scanning motion on flank profil surface;
10, the laser surface hardening process of gear according to claim 8, it is characterized in that the rotation direction that above-mentioned laser beam is pressed tooth to the scanning motion on the flank profil surface of gear scans by tooth successively, and be the flank of tooth of sweeping complete gear one side earlier, scan the flank of tooth of opposite side again; Branch tooth method by tooth scanning has: with mechanical locating mechanism control location, or use the numerical control scale-division dual mode.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02134414 CN1252290C (en) | 2002-07-22 | 2002-07-22 | Laser surface hardening process of gear |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02134414 CN1252290C (en) | 2002-07-22 | 2002-07-22 | Laser surface hardening process of gear |
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|---|---|
| CN1394969A true CN1394969A (en) | 2003-02-05 |
| CN1252290C CN1252290C (en) | 2006-04-19 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 02134414 Expired - Fee Related CN1252290C (en) | 2002-07-22 | 2002-07-22 | Laser surface hardening process of gear |
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| CN101233247B (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2011-07-06 | 爱信艾达株式会社 | Steel members, method for heat treatment of the same, and process for production thereof |
| CN102424897A (en) * | 2011-11-19 | 2012-04-25 | 宁海县盛源激光科技有限公司 | Method for broadband laser strengthening treatment of surface of tension wheel |
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| CN101233247B (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2011-07-06 | 爱信艾达株式会社 | Steel members, method for heat treatment of the same, and process for production thereof |
| CN101605914B (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2013-11-20 | 弗劳恩霍弗实用研究促进协会 | Process and apparatus for hardening the surface layer of components having a complicated shape |
| CN101368226B (en) * | 2007-08-17 | 2011-05-11 | 中国第一汽车集团公司 | Tooth ring tooth surface laser induration processing method |
| CN102560505A (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-07-11 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Composite abrasion-resisting corrosion-resisting self-lubricating film and preparation method thereof |
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