CN1386341A - 通过组合信号的水印与特性标识的多媒体监视 - Google Patents

通过组合信号的水印与特性标识的多媒体监视 Download PDF

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CN1386341A
CN1386341A CN01802112A CN01802112A CN1386341A CN 1386341 A CN1386341 A CN 1386341A CN 01802112 A CN01802112 A CN 01802112A CN 01802112 A CN01802112 A CN 01802112A CN 1386341 A CN1386341 A CN 1386341A
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database
media content
content
watermark
feature
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CN1274148C (zh
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A·A·C·M·卡尔克
J·C·奥斯特维恩
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
    • G06T1/005—Robust watermarking, e.g. average attack or collusion attack resistant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/70—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of video data
    • G06F16/78—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually
    • G06F16/783—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content
    • G06F16/7847—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content using low-level visual features of the video content
    • G06F16/785—Retrieval characterised by using metadata, e.g. metadata not derived from the content or metadata generated manually using metadata automatically derived from the content using low-level visual features of the video content using colour or luminescence
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
    • G06T1/0028—Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/12—Arrangements for observation, testing or troubleshooting
    • H04H20/14—Arrangements for observation, testing or troubleshooting for monitoring programmes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/28—Arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information
    • H04H20/30—Arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information by a single channel
    • H04H20/31—Arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information by a single channel using in-band signals, e.g. subsonic or cue signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T2201/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T2201/005—Image watermarking
    • G06T2201/0065—Extraction of an embedded watermark; Reliable detection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H2201/00—Aspects of broadcast communication
    • H04H2201/50—Aspects of broadcast communication characterised by the use of watermarks

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  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Library & Information Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
  • Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Editing Of Facsimile Originals (AREA)
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Abstract

披露了一种能以有效和可靠的方式监视多媒体内容的实际发布的用于分发多媒体内容的方法和配置。本发明将特征提取的广泛性和水印标识的健壮性结合起来。提取(1)内容的特性特征,例如亮度分布,以构成该内容的一种特征标识(SIG)。另外,嵌入(12)具有有效负载的水印。该有效负载代表其中存储有将被监视之内容的数据库(10)索引(ID)。水印作为限制用于监视特征标识所需数据库检索的索引。

Description

通过组合信号的水印与特性标识的多媒体监视
发明领域
本发明涉及用于分发诸如音频和/或视频节目那样的媒体内容的方法和系统。本发明还涉及用于监视这类媒体内容之分发的方法和系统。
发明背景
音像内容的制作人，例如电视广播台或广告者往往对获得关于他们的作品是否、在何地及在何时被发布的情况很关心。出于这个目的，最近已开发出几种广播监视系统。
在一种已知的广播监视方法中，有时称它为有源监视，是在视频内容中嵌入一种水印(watermark)。该水印中的有效负载对应于该视频序列(例如一个剪辑、一辐电影场景、一个商业广告)的数据库入口的指针。该水印被恢复并用来分辨这段内容。该方法的问题是，开发一个大数据库时需要大的有效负载；而以不易觉察和不引人注意的方式嵌入这样的大有效负载是困难的。
在另一种称为无源监视的已知广播监视方法中，可从视频内容中提取所谓健壮特征。健壮特征是从内容中计算出的一些变量，只要场景没有太大变化，其亦多少保持不变。每个场景有唯一的一套健壮特征。例如，把视频图像分成块，每一块由一比特位代表，该位指示出所代表块的亮度是高于还是低于一给定的参考值(例如相邻块的亮度值)。对应于该健壮特征的位串然后被用作为数据库中该特定场景的特征标识。此方法中的问题是，从监视末端获取的位串可能与数据库中的特征标识略有不同。这将使在数据库中检索与所提取位串最相橡的标识变得困难。另外，特征标识也不像所需的那样唯一。
发明的目的和概述
本发明的目的是改善内容监视的健壮性和有效性。
出于上述目的，如在所附权利要求中所提出的，本发明提供了用于分发媒体内容和监视所述媒体内容的方法和系统。
本发明是对先有技术的一种创新性组合。用相对小的有效负载(payload)为媒体内容加上水印，该有效负载给出了数据库中欲在其内检索该媒体内容的部分之信息。这种健壮的特征标识然后被用作在数据库的所述部分中检索。嵌入的水印作为限定数据库检索的一种索引。利用本发明可以做到所嵌入的水印是相对小而且健壮的。同时，减小了数据库检索的复杂性问题。
例如，数据库中可能包含大量电影场景，而水印则可指示出给定的场景属于哪部电影。而所抽取的特征标识可用来从该电影中找出该特定场景。
附图的简述
图1示出了根据本发明的用于分发媒体内容的系统的示意图。
图2示出了根据本发明的用于监视所述媒体内容分发的系统的示意图。
具体实施例的描述
图1中，信号X代表媒体内容，例如一个视频场景。该视频场景可以是由BBC制作的特别新闻节目，或者是某A公司的商业广告。BBC可能希望跟踪由其它广播电台对其新闻节目的广播情况；A公司可能希望检查其昂贵的商业广告是否确定已在黄金时间通过某B网络的电视台被播放了。还有很多同样的考虑涉及到诸如因特网那样的其他宣传分发网络。
在分发末端，此系统包括数据库10、特征提取器11和水印嵌入器12。特征提取器11从实际的视频内容中抽取一个特征标识SIG。例如视频图像被分成块，每个块由一指明所述块的亮度是高于还是低于相邻块的亮度的位来代表。当然，可以理解到，特征提取器11的大量具体替代实施例能够由精于此技术的人员设计出来。类似的一些特征也可以从一音频信号中抽取，例如从实际频谱的数字化版本中抽取。
由特征提取器11产生的位串构成一种特征标识SIG。特征标识SIG被加到数据库10中并存储在对应于该新闻节目或广告的资料记录的字段内。数据库中的相关记录被给定唯一的标识ID，该ID被加到水印嵌入器12中并被编码成一个水印的有效负载。在国际专利申请WO99/45705号中披露了这种具有传送多位有效负载能力的水印嵌入器的一个实例。然后此等已加水印的内容X’被广播或发布。
图2所示的配置用来监视相关的发布信道。它接收内容X’，并且包括一个水印检测器21和一个特征提取器22。该配置与数据库10相连接。注意这不需实时连接。水印检测器21检测嵌入的水印，如果找到水印，就对其有效负载的ID进行解码。一个例子公布于国际专利申请第WO 99/45705号之中。特征提取器22完成的工作与图1中的特征提取器11的一样。应能理解到，提取器是以这样的方式设计的，使得内容的健壮特征不受嵌入水印的影响。
被解码的水印有效负载ID和特征标识SIG加到数据库中。由于水印提供一个可靠的数据通道，可假设被解码的加载与图1中所示的配置所嵌入的ID是一样的。在数据库中检索特征标识SIG(或者，考虑到处理和传输可能会引起一些变化起见，检索一个相近的类似特征标识)能够被局限在那些具有相关ID的资料记录中。在数据库有关的术语中：ID用作为限定数据库检索的一种索引。
在此公开了一种用于分发多媒体内容、并使得所述内容的实际分发能够以一种有效和可靠的方式得到监视的方法和配置。本发明将特征提取的广播泛性和水印标识的健壮性结合起来。抽取(1)内容的特性特征，如亮度分布，而构成该内容的一个特征标识(SIG)。另外，嵌入(12)一种带有一种有效负载的水印，该有效负载代表其中存储着欲被监视的内容的数据库(10)的索引(ID)。水印在这里充当一种用于限定监视特征标识所需的数据库检索的索引。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于分布媒体内容的方法，包括下列步骤：提取所述媒体内容的特征，将代表所述特征的一种特征标识存储在数据库的一部分中，在表示数据库之所述部分的所述媒体内容中嵌入一种水印，以及分发已被加水印的媒体内容。
2.一种用于监视媒体内容分发的方法，包括下列步骤，接收所述媒体内容，检测表示数据库之所述部分的所述媒体内容中的水印，提取所述媒体内容的特征，以及在数据库所述部分中检索代表所述特征的特征标识。
3.一种用于分布媒体内容的系统，包括用于提取所述媒体内容的特征的装置，用于将代表所述特征的一种特征标识存储于一数据库的一部分的装置，用于在表示数据库所述部分的所述媒体内容中嵌入水印的装置，以及用于分发已加水印的媒体内容的装置。
4.一种用于监视媒体内容分发的系统，包括用于接收所述媒体内容的装置，用于检测表示数据库一部分的所述媒体内容中的水印的装置，用于提取所述媒体内容的特征的装置，以及用于在数据库所述部分中检索代表所述特性的一个特征标识的装置。
CNB018021123A 2000-07-21 2001-07-06 通过组合信号的水印与特性标识的多媒体监视 Expired - Fee Related CN1274148C (zh)

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