CN1378573A - 用废旧橡胶生产超细胶粉的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用废橡胶生产超细胶粉的方法,包括步骤:a)将废橡胶在一定温度下在溶解度参数小于20的溶剂中浸泡,直到其变软和发脆;b)将经过浸泡的橡胶粉碎。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及废旧橡胶的回收利用以及用橡胶生产超细橡胶粉。
背景技术
随着汽车工业的飞速发展，废旧轮胎的累积也越来越引起人们的关注，称此为对环境的黑色“污染”。同时，大量的废弃橡胶产品如废胶鞋、皮带、轮胎、橡胶管、密封条等已产生很多问题，从经济和环境角度考虑，最好的办法是将废弃橡胶产品回收利用。
在现有技术中，废橡胶的回收主要集中为生产再生胶，橡胶粉，通过热裂解生产化学原料，产生能量和热，以及循环废产品。在这些方法中，生产胶粉是许多国家再利用废橡胶的主要方法。所述的胶粉中小于200目的主要由冷冻和粉碎法制得。
粉碎法制得的胶粉与常规的胶粉具有相同的物理和化学性质。它是生产活性胶粉和改性胶粉的中间产物，也是生产再生橡胶的关键材料。胶粉的粒度越细，活性胶粉、改性胶粉和再生橡胶的品质越高，加到粗胶里面的量可以越大。因此，非常重要的是从废旧橡胶中得到高品质的超细胶粉。
当前，除了在低温下的粉碎方法外，就是在常温和常压下的粉碎方法。然而，当在常温下实施粉碎方法时由于切割工具产生大量热之故，胶粉通常会结焦，尽管采取了冷却措施但仍然不能彻底避免过热切割工具烧焦胶粉。至今还没有办法能够生产200-500目的胶粉。
橡胶具有良好的弹性，高密度和强度，延展性达35％。当废橡胶在室温下加工时，需要大量能量来散去粉碎过程中的产生的热量。通常，该方法只能生产出40-200目的胶粉。
因此，冷冻粉碎方法常被用来生产大于200目的胶粉。在美国专利5634599中公开了这样的方法。然而，该方法的缺陷仍然是高能耗。本发明的目的就是为克服现有技术之缺点，提供一种在常温下生产200-500目超细胶粉的方法。
发明的公开
本发明人已发现，废橡胶产品可以用适宜的溶剂处理，从而很容易的粉碎。
本发明的方法包括步骤：
a.将废橡胶在室温下在溶解度参数小于15的溶剂中浸泡，直到其变软或发脆；
b.将经过浸泡的橡胶粉碎。
在本发明的方法中，步骤a可在常温常压下进行。但是，在提高温度和压力下可以缩短浸泡时间。本发明详述
根据本发明的方法，在进行步骤a之前，废橡胶可以被切割成10-50厘米的碎块以便增加与溶剂的接触面积。
本发明中所述的废橡胶优选选自天然橡胶，苯乙烯丁烯橡胶和顺丁橡胶。
本发明中所用的溶剂选自那些溶解度系数小于20的溶剂。优选地，所用溶剂的溶解度系数小于18，最好地，所述溶解度系数小于15。
本发明中所述的溶解度系数的定义如现有技术。例如，所述的溶解度
参数可以用δ代表，其中 ΔE代表共混组份的内聚能差，V为组份的摩尔体积。请参见Scott R.L，J.Chem.Phys.，1941，9：440。
常见溶剂的溶解度参数6的数值请参见：《橡胶与塑料的共混改性》一书，由中国石化出版社出版，第一版，1996年10月。
本发明中所述的溶剂通常为有机溶剂，选自脂族烃或芳香烃，酮类(醛类)，酯类，和醚类，所述溶剂可以是被一个或多个取代基取代的或未取代的，或它们的混合物。
所述的脂族烃包括烷烃，烯烃，炔烃和环状烃，通常它们含4-40个碳原子。
所述取代基选自卤素，低级烷基，低级烯基，低级炔基，低级烷氧基，低级烷硫基，低级烯氧基，低级烯硫基，低级炔氧基，低级炔硫基等。取代基的数目可以为1到3个。
所述的低级烷基，低级烯基，低级炔基，低级烷氧气，低级烷硫基，低级烯硫基，和低级炔硫基取代基包含1-6个碳原子。
在脂族烃中，含有4到6个碳的化含物和其混合物在本发明中是优选的，己烷，溶剂石脑油，以及煤油是更好的。
氯是优选的取代基，脂族烃中被卤素取代的那些如二氯甲烷、氯仿和四氯化碳是优选使用的溶剂。
在取代的芳香烃中被氯和低级烷基取代的化含物如氯苯、甲苯和二甲苯是优选的。
用于本发明的其它优选溶剂包括：
呋喃、四氢呋喃、二硫化碳、松焦油、松节油和机油等。
本发明的方法可以在常温常压下进行，但在较高的温度和压力下可以缩短处理时间。对那些具有高熔点和较高粘度的溶剂来说必须提高操作温度。步骤a通常在常温常压下进行30分钟到3小时。
本发明方法的处理温度依赖于所用溶剂的沸点。操作温度可在低于沸点的某个温度进行。在较高温度进行时，可以使用回流装置如冷凝器。
本发明之目的的实现基于下列原理：溶剂分子的浸入，可以增加橡胶大分子链间的距离，因而分子间的引力作用会减小。如此，经处理的橡胶则会变软或发脆。软化或发脆的橡胶将会被很容易地用常规粉碎机粉碎成200-500目的胶粉。
然而，应该注意的是经溶剂处理的废橡胶粉必须快速进行步骤b，因为如果搁置时间太长，溶剂挥发后，则橡胶将恢复到其原始状态。通常情况下，步骤b适宜在步骤a后80分钟内进行。
本发明将用以下实施例进行更详细地说明。
实施例1
将1000kg的废轮胎(切割成30-50毫米小块)加到直立的密闭容器(Ф1600，L4000)中，容器中加入1000L的120号溶剂石脑油。废橡胶浸泡到其变脆或肿胀。在本实施例中浸泡时间为52分钟。此时，经浸泡的橡胶小块可用手轻松地碾碎。肿胀橡胶用水平橡胶粉碎机粉碎成20目的橡胶粉后，再用滚桶橡胶粉碎机进一步粉碎。将得到的胶粉进行筛分得到325目的超细胶粉。
Claims (9)
1.一种用橡胶生产超细胶粉的方法，包括步骤：
a).将废橡胶在室温下，在溶解度参数小于20的溶剂中浸泡，直到其变软或发脆；
b).将经过浸泡的橡胶粉碎。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述的步骤溶解度参数小于18。
3.根据权利要求2的方法，其中所述的步骤溶解度参数小于15。
4.根据权利要求1的方法，其中步骤a)在常温常压下进行。
5.根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述溶剂选自脂族烃或芳香烃，酮类(醛类)，酯类，和醚类，所述溶剂可以是被一个或多个取代基取代的或未取代的，或它们的混合物。
6.根据权利要求5的方法，其中所述的脂族烃包括含4-40个碳原子的烷烃，烯烃，炔烃和环状烃。
7.根据权利要求5的方法，其中所述取代基选自卤素，低级烷基，低级烯基，低级炔基，低级烷氧基，低级烷硫基，低级烯氧基，低级烯硫基，低级炔氧基，低级炔硫基等。
8.根据权利要求5的方法，其中所述溶剂选自己烷，溶剂石脑油煤油，及其混合物。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一权利要求的方法，其中所述废橡胶选自天然橡胶，苯乙烯丁烯橡胶和顺丁橡胶。
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| CN1320508A (zh) * | 2000-04-26 | 2001-11-07 | 庞澍华 | 废旧橡胶常温助剂法制取精细胶粉 |
| WO2002028609A1 (en) * | 2000-10-06 | 2002-04-11 | John Dobozy | Method and apparatus for recovering an elastomeric material |
| FR3122600A1 (fr) * | 2021-06-24 | 2022-11-11 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Procede de fabrication de poudrette de caoutchouc |
| JP7343929B1 (ja) | 2022-06-13 | 2023-09-13 | 株式会社エイコー | 廃棄物処理方法 |
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| JPS5098987A (zh) * | 1973-12-29 | 1975-08-06 | ||
| US5634599A (en) * | 1994-02-17 | 1997-06-03 | Crumbrubber Technology Co., Inc. | Tire recycling process |
| CN1060112C (zh) * | 1995-01-27 | 2001-01-03 | 刘扬生 | 废旧橡胶制超微细胶粉的方法 |
| CN1058211C (zh) * | 1997-10-23 | 2000-11-08 | 烟台思可达高新技术中试有限公司 | 空气制冷处理废旧钢丝轮胎回收精细胶粉的方法和装置 |
-
2000
- 2000-02-24 AU AU27925/00A patent/AU2792500A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-02-24 WO PCT/CN2000/000033 patent/WO2001010942A1/en active Application Filing
- 2000-02-24 CN CN00813897A patent/CN1378573A/zh active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8957118B2 (en) | 2006-12-11 | 2015-02-17 | Green Source Holdings Llc | Devulcanized rubber and methods |
| TWI512020B (zh) * | 2006-12-11 | 2015-12-11 | Sf Materials Corp | 再生橡膠及方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2792500A (en) | 2001-03-05 |
| WO2001010942A1 (en) | 2001-02-15 |
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