CN1376947A - Observing system for 3D X-ray image - Google Patents

Abstract

A system for observing the 3D X-ray image features that two x ray generators are used to alternatively radiate the object, their X-ray images are displayed by electronic image enhancer and then picked up by TV camera, the picked images are modulated and then sent to computer for processing, and the processed images are alternatively displayed and observed by means of polarizing glasses.

Description

X ray stereo-picture observing system

1. technical field:

This invention belongs to X ray image, computer picture graph processing technique field.

2. background technology:

X line photography (Yuan Yude chief editor), optical information theory (Tao Chun may wait work), numeral

Photogrammetry (work such as Zhang Zuxun), intelligent photoelectric system (volume such as Wang Yongzhong), the relevant calculation machine technology, relevant

The computer picture graph processing technique.

3. goal of the invention:

Utilize people's physiology parallax stereoscopic vision, the X ray two-dimensional image is observed realized Real-time and Dynamic observation object

Or inside of human body X ray stereo-picture figure, measure and calculate radioscopic image three dimensional space coordinate and image graphics processing.4. summary of the invention:

X ray generator, an X-ray that X ray stereo-picture observing system is settled by two segment distances of being separated by

Image electronics booster, X ray time of origin control circuit, video-unit, modulation controller,

A computing machine, a cover X ray stereo-picture observing system computer software, software comprises: radioscopic image

Put the shadow program, measure calculation procedure, image mosaic program, three-dimensional picture topomap plotter program, display, polarization

The light stereo-picture is observed eyewear controller, polarised light glasses is formed, as Fig. 1 and computer mathematics computing method.

Rudimentary knowledge

One, people's stereoscopy vision

Human in life naturally, eyes can be differentiated in the Nature object to be had size shape etc., this sensation is far arranged closely

Be exactly people's stereoscopy vision, three dimensions stereo perception just.When photograph object in the nature with video camera

Behind the photo, do not have the solid space sensation when watching this photo again, reason is that photo is a two-dimensional image.Under study for action

Find, observe two the three dimensions solids that can see object at diverse location to the captured overlapping photo of same object

The image sensation.People have invented three-dimensional film, three-dimensional film be two diverse locations to same object take a pair of

Overlapping film is many pieces of two-dimensional image, and this just watches and can see by spectroscope during to film when putting shadow simultaneously

To three-dimensional film, what see is that relief three-dimensional image is arranged, and principle is to use left eye and right eye respectively together when us

When the time was watched the two dimensional surface photo of the same object that two diverse locations take, brain was with two two of seeing respectively

Two-dimensional image coincides together, will produce three-dimensional space image sensation in brain, and this phenomenon is big

The instinct physiological phenomenon of brain, however explanation brain that so far still can not be definite is how two two-dimensional images to be become

Three dimensions stereo-picture sensation.

Watch the three dimensions stereo-picture can use stereoscope, red green dichronic mirror, polarized light with two-dimensional image

Mirror etc.

Two, stereoscopy principle

When two limits are observed external object, can tell the distance of object, size shape, be since same object two eyeballs respectively structure produce as inconsistent.As Fig. 2, O among the figure ₁, O ₂The two eyeball focuses of behaving, O ₁, O ₂The distance of two eyeball focuses claims eyebase M, when the structure picture of object A in two is vertical with retina, and Aa ₁, Aa ₂Claim the main line of sight, main line of sight Aa ₁, Aa ₂With eyebase O ₁O ₂The plane of institute's structure is a main-vision surface.When the people watches attentively when seeing on the main line of sight A point, other object B point C point is structure picture on retina also, and its structure looks like to be respectively b ₁, c ₁And b ₂, c ₂As can be seen from Figure 2, when watching the different object of nature far and near, structure image distance on two eyes retinas is from being different (retina is represented with radian), this in two with respect to eyeball focus structure image distance from the gap that produces, be people's physiology parallax, the physiology parallax has constituted the solid space sensation effect that makes the people can differentiate the far and near size shape of object.

Between object and two eyeballs, add two and hold image sheet P ₁, P ₂The time, as Fig. 3, object A, B, C are at photo P ₁, P ₂On picture point be respectively a ₁', b ₁', c ₁' and a ₂', b ₂', c ₂', when not direct viewing object, hold image sheet P and change to go to watch ₁, P ₂The time, as can be seen from Figure 3, the geometric relationship the when imaging on two eyes retinas does not change the Direct observation object, visual light is not changed, and the parallax relation does not change yet, and is that shape is reduced K times.Go out as available from the above, after apart a segment distance is taken the photo of two these objects to object, watch other two photos of branch simultaneously with two, can watch the far and near size shape effect of object equally, that is to say with two and can see three-dimensional stereo-picture to object at the two dimensional surface photo of diverse location overlap, these two photos are called " stereogram " photo.

X ray transmission imaging principle

The pointolite of the light emitting source X ray bulb approximate center projection of X ray, after X line transparent objects, object is because of the density difference of inside, the black and white gray scale that produces the different depths on x-ray imaging face P shows the interior shape image of object, and image-forming principle such as Fig. 4, F are x ray generator bulb light source, P is that X ray becomes the shadow face, H be light source F to the distance that becomes shadow face P, o be F central ray vertical projection to the intersection point that becomes shadow face P, claim principal point.Imaging on the P face is the two-dimensional image of the X ray central projection of object A.

Add a lens S on the shape face P when holding, needing just can obtain the X line image photo P ' of size dimension as Fig. 5, P '=KP, K are multiple.P ' S is image distance f, and SP is object distance H.

X ray stereogram principle

In order to observe X DNA mitochondrial DNA image, must obtain setting up two of the object stereo-picture " as to " photos or with following two pictures of electronics sweep record to after the numerical information, just can see the X ray three-dimensional image by stereoscopic viewer or computer digital stereoscopic technique.As Fig. 6, be provided with two x ray generator bulb F ₁, F ₂Light source, and the segment distance M of being separated by, F ₁, F ₂Perpendicular projection is at P ₁, P ₂On intersection point o ₁, o ₂Being principal point, is photo P ₁, P ₂On true origin.After the X ray transparent objects, object A, B are at two image-bearing surface P ₁, P ₂Else be imaged as a last the branch ₁, b ₁And a ₂, b ₂, object A, B is at P ₁, P ₂On subpoint a ₁With a ₂, b ₁With b ₂The difference of distance be height displacement, similar in appearance to people's physiology parallax:

Δa＝a ₁-a ₂； Δb＝b ₁-b ₂；

Both Δ x _i=x ₁-x _I+1

When obtaining stereogram P ₁, P ₂Behind the photo,, watch P simultaneously respectively for two according to the stereoscopy principle ₁, P ₂Picture point a on two photos ₁, b ₁And a ₂, b ₂It will be appreciated that the stereoscopic three-dimensional image of object A, B.Method such as Fig. 5 with lens can obtain stereogram P equally ₁', P ₂' photo.As Fig. 6, object A, B are at P ₁', P ₂' on be imaged as a ₁', b ₁' and a ₂', b ₂', as seen from the figure at P ₁', P ₂Do not change the geometric condition of X ray transmission imaging light on the ' photo, when using stereo-inspection P ₁', P ₂During ' photo, can see the solid space 3-D view of object A, B equally, but the solid space 3-D view is reduced K times.

The computer X-ray digital stereoscopic image is observed with X ray profile scanning computer reconstruction solid figure very big difference, the former utilizes human stereo vision, observe by stereoscope, as observing the nature pulfrich's effect, the latter is by lines and the virtual solid figure vision that constitutes of shade.

X ray stereo-picture background mathematics model

Become image sheet P at X ray respectively ₁, P ₂Set up the photo plane coordinate system, as Fig. 7, o ₁-x ₁y ₁And o ₂-x ₂y ₂, F ₁, F ₂Be X ray light source bulb, F ₁, F ₂Claim focus, true origin o ₁, o ₂Be F ₁F ₂Vertical radiation is at P ₁, P ₂Become the intersection point on the shadow face, claim principal point.

When obtaining X ray stereoscopy picture to P ₁, P ₂Behind the photo, set up object and become three-dimensional coordinate background mathematics model between the image point with X ray.As Fig. 8, H is an X ray light source focal point F ₁, F ₂To becoming image sheet P ₁, P ₂Setting constant distance, M is bifocal F ₁, F ₂Between the constant distance set.If object space coordinate system X, Y-axis and become image sheet P ₁Photo planimetric coordinates x ₁, y ₁Axle is parallel, and the Z axle is perpendicular to photo P ₁True origin o ₁, space coordinates initial point O and photo P ₁Plane coordinate system initial point o ₁Vertical range be Δ H.

Set up the relation between imaging point plane coordinate system o-xy and the object point space coordinates O-XYZ, space object A is at P ₁, P ₂Become the imaging point on the shadow face to be respectively a ₁, a ₂, its photo planimetric coordinates is at P ₁On the sheet x ₁, y ₁, at P ₂On the sheet x ₂, y ₂

According to the stereoscopy principle, the X coordinate axis is parallel to eyebase, and space object point A is projected in two photo P ₁, P ₂Picture point a ₁With a ₂The difference of plane x coordinate is Δ x=x ₁-x ₂, Δ x claim projected disparity, is the source of stereoscopic vision.

In Fig. 8, do to draw after the boost line, when setting focal point F ₁, F ₂With baseline M, focal point F ₁, F ₂To becoming shadow face P ₁, P ₂Setpoint distance when being H:

∵ΔF ₁o ₁a ₁′∽ΔF ₁OA′；ΔF ₁a ₁a ₁′∽ΔF ₁AA′；

$\frac{X}{x_1}=\frac{Z}{H};$ $\frac{Y}{y_1}=\frac{Z}{H};$ ∴? $X=\frac{Z}{H}{x}_1;$

∵ Δ F again ₂a ₂' o ₂∽ Δ F ₂A ' A ";

Then $\frac{A^{\′}{A}^{\′\′}}{x_2}=\frac{Z}{H};$ $A^{\′}A=\frac{Z}{H}{x}_2;$

∵A′A″＝M-X；

So $M-X=\frac{Z}{H}{x}_2;$

(because of x ₂Signed own is among Fig. 8 _x2 for negative)

With X substitution (1-2) formula in (1-1) formula: $M=\frac{Z}{H}(x_1-x_2);$

$Z=\frac{\mathrm{MH}}{(x_1-x_2)};$

∵ Δ x=x ₁-x ₂(1-3) formula

∴

The spatial height variations Δ H that draws object from (1-4) formula is relevant with parallax Δ x the stereogram, proves that the parallax Δ x of picture point is the source of stereoscopic vision.

Simultaneous (1-1) formula and (1-4) formula get:

(1-5) formula is the simultaneous equations that space object and X ray picture calculate three dimensional space coordinate relation between the imaging point, is to set up the background mathematics relational expression that the X ray stereo-picture is observed.When measuring and counting and record space object X ray picture to P ₁, P ₂Identical picture point image plane coordinate x on the photo ₁, y ₁, x ₂After, (1-5) formula of using can calculate the three dimensional space coordinate value of object.

The space object absolute altitude is changed to Δ H;

Δ H _i=H-Z _i(1-6) formula

Space object point is Δ Z with putting relative relief;

Δ Z _i=Z ₀-Z _i(1-7) formula

Space object point is ω x with putting relative parallax;

ω x _i=Δ x ₀-Δ x _i(1-8) formula

With forming the position is arranged, the object space numeral vision solid of size shape is arranged by numerous three dimensional space coordinate value

Iconic model realizes that this three dimensions stereo-picture observing system is the observation of computer X-ray digital stereoscopic image

System.

The acquisition of radioscopic image and stereo-picture are observed

Obtain satisfying two photos that stereo-picture is observed the X ray stereogram of principle, two X ray must be arranged

Light source F ₁, F ₂,

Or establish two F positions, and the segment distance M of being separated by, stereogram could be obtained.The acquisition of radioscopic image and upright

Volume image observe have two kinds of technology by way of, the one, optoelectronic integration system, the 2nd, electro-mechanical system.

One. the optoelectronic integration system: record X ray plane picture television pickup system, as Fig. 1, Fig. 1

Middle x ray generator bulb has been set two F ₁And F ₂, at F ₁With F ₂Between have setting apart from M, F ₁, F ₂

With X ray image electronics booster P ₁(P ₂) between the distance H of setting is arranged, but X ray image electronics booster is only

There is one, as long as with F ₁, F ₂On irradiation time, there is one intermittently to open and close at interval a first transmission, one by turns

Back transmission so constantly records the object X ray by electron scanning on X ray image electronics booster

The plane photo, these photos are divided into the odevity photo, after the video-unit picked-up, convert number to through modulator

Pass to computing machine behind the word signal, after these photo digital signals are put the shadow software processes by computer stereo vision,

Looking on the display screen flicker and showing the odd even photo, utilizing people's brain to observe the image deorienting that lags, using polarised light glasses,

Just can observe the X ray stereo-picture.In stereoscopy, can measure and calculate the object dimensional volume coordinate, use

Computer-related technologies software can be realized that computer tracking is observed, tracking measurement calculates, rebuild three of object automatically

The dimension solid figure, draw interior of articles topomap, any direction three-dimensional image that shows object and figure, can

Carry out the many image mosaics of multiple graphs, image graphics enhancement process, and available laser printer output image or figure.

Two. electro-mechanical system: record X ray plane picture X-ray sensitive film, x ray generator can

If one, but should establish two launching position F1, F2, could take overlapping X-ray sheet.The ray machine integral system

As Fig. 9, the 1st, photo dish, the 2nd, object lens, the 3rd, the reflective prism of Δ Y component, the 4th, the reflective prism of Δ X component, 5

Be reflective prism, the 6th, eyepiece, photo dish are arranged on X, the Y track, and 3,4 reflective prisms are arranged at Δ X, Δ

On the Y track, after the X-ray sheet overlapping with two is positioned over left and right photo dish respectively, watch eyepiece just can observe

To the inner X ray stereo-picture of object or person body.After the running orbit of X, Y, Δ X, Δ Y is write down by photoelectric code disk

Pass to compute computer three dimensional space coordinate and graphics process.5. invention advantage:

In the radioscopic image application, as X ray at medical imaging diagnosis, X ray in industrial machinery flaw detection, X ray in safety inspection, X ray in customs's cargoes imported and exported check etc., be two-dimensional image and observe, can not observe object or person body interior three-dimensional image.It is to rebuild the simulation three-dimensional graph with the two-dimensional cross-section scan-data that X ray adds computed tomography, and the solid figure distortion is big, can not real-time and dynamic observe solid figure, requires very high to scanning device manufacturing and computer technology.The present invention utilizes people's physiology parallax principle of stereoscopic vision, device fabrication and COMPUTER CALCULATION difficulty have been fallen at the end, can real-time and dynamic observe the inner X ray 3 D stereo of object or person body complete simulation image, and can carry out image graphics and handle, realize that in above-mentioned field stereo-picture is observed and image graphics is handled.

Claims (9)

1. This invention belongs to X ray image, computer graphic image treatment technology.In the existing X ray image equipment, x ray generator only is provided with one, and behind X ray transparent objects or human body, viewed X ray image is a two-dimensional image, after human body is carried out the X ray profile scanning, can only simulate the reconstruction of three-dimensional solid figure with computing machine.The inventive features of X ray stereo-picture observing system has:

   1. establish the x ray generator that two one section setpoint distances of being separated by are settled.
2. 2. the position of establishing an x ray generator but having two setpoint distances of being separated by to settle x ray generator.
3. 3. 2, the 3X ray generator is in turn intermittently to object or person body Transmission X ray.
4. 4. the X ray of 3 transmissions is by X ray image electronics booster display image in turn intermittently, the video-unit pickup image intermittently shows the enhancing image by 3 rotations after modulator is sent to computing machine behind the Computer Processing radioscopic image on electronic console.
5. 5. wear polarised light glasses and observe electronic console, utilize people's physiology parallax stereoscopic vision to observe interior of articles or the full emulating image of inside of human body X ray 3 D stereo.
6. 6. calculate X ray stereoscopy image three-dimensional coordinate mathematic calculation.
7. 7. in observing, measures the X ray stereo-picture method of two-dimensional coordinate.
8. 8. obtain two X ray sensitive films with 1,2,3.
9. 9. with light credit light stereo-inspection X ray sensitive film, observe 5 results.

Images