CN1373558A - 一种脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫用的高压脉冲电源装置 - Google Patents
一种脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫用的高压脉冲电源装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1373558A CN1373558A CN 01128849 CN01128849A CN1373558A CN 1373558 A CN1373558 A CN 1373558A CN 01128849 CN01128849 CN 01128849 CN 01128849 A CN01128849 A CN 01128849A CN 1373558 A CN1373558 A CN 1373558A
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 210000002381 Plasma Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000003921 oils Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 280000409857 Coaxial Cable companies 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005516 engineering processes Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006477 desulfuration reactions Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 5
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫用高压脉冲电源装置。该装置的连接关系是给中储电容器充电的高压电源分别连接闸流管和中储电容器,脉冲变压器的初级线圈与中储电容器连接,脉冲变压器的次级线圈与脉冲形成器连接,脉冲形成器的另一端与磁开关连接,磁开关的输出端连接到反应器的放电极上。本发明为环保行业提供了烟气脱硫工业需要的上百千伏陡前沿纳秒级脉冲的高压脉冲电源装置,平均输出功率大、效率高、寿命长。
Description
1、技术领域本发明涉及脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫用的脉冲电源领域。
2、背景技术酸雨会导致森林死亡、农作物减产、河流和湖泊酸化、设备和建筑物腐蚀、人类疾病增加、生态环境蜕化等，是当代人类面临最大的环境污染之一。为防止向大气中排放污染物并停止对环境的污染，开发实用的烟气处理技术迫在眉睫。
欧美发达国家在其酸雨污染最严重的六十年代成功地开发了多种烟气脱硫工业技术。主要可分为以炉内喷钙为代表的干法和以石灰/石灰石吸收为代表的湿法两大类，它们都是纯化学脱硫法。到目前为止，这些方法依然存在设备庞大、操作复杂、投资额大、运行费用高、设备腐蚀严重、有二次污染等问题，且不能脱硝等缺点。
与电子束法脱硫相似的脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫技术，属于干法脱硫。与纯化学方法比较，具有脱除SO2的效率高、操作简单、投资较小、运行费用低、设备腐蚀轻、同时可以脱除NOx、副产物可以作肥料、没有二次污染等特点。从八十年代中期，国内外都进行了大量的研究工作，但由于受到脉冲电源的限制，脉冲电晕法烟气脱硫仍然还没有工业化应用。
脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫技术要求在有载条件下(脉冲电晕反应器)脉冲电源系统提供较陡上升前沿(二百纳秒级以内)、上百千伏的脉冲电压。同时，脉冲电源系统要具有一定的轻便灵活的特点，特别要求系统能长期(3000小时，或更长)有效连续工作，以适应电厂运行的要求。对实验室研究而言，数百瓦乃至数千瓦的功率要求使得电源系统较易实现，而对一个30万千瓦发电机组而言，要采用电晕放电技术有效地脱硫脱硝，需脉冲电源功率系统提供约3600kW的平均功率。这将带来一系列的问题，如系统热效应，高功率开关预期寿命等。
脉冲电晕烟气脱硫用脉冲电源原有技术，其电路如图1所示。该脉冲电源的缺点是：电极容易烧蚀，不能长期连续工作，不适应烟气脱硫工业化应用的要求；噪音大，放电会产生NOx，产生二次污染；由于火花开关的限制，不能制造大功率的脉冲电源。
3、发明内容本发明的目的是提供一种脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫用高压脉冲电源装置。
采用本发明的装置，能提供上百千伏陡前沿纳秒级脉冲电压，平均输出功率大、效率高、寿命长、能满足烟气脱硫工业化装置的需要。
本发明的一种脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫用大功率脉冲电源装置，含有：用于储存高压电能的中储电容器，用于中储电容器放电的闸流管，将中储电容器传出的电压升高的脉冲变压器，将脉冲变压器输出的电压波形整形的脉冲形成器，用于锐化脉冲形成器输出电压波形的磁开关。
其连接关系为：给中储电容器充电的高压电源分别连接闸流管和中储电容器，脉冲变压器的初级线圈与中储电容器连接，脉冲变压器的次级线圈与脉冲形成器连接，脉冲形成器的另一端与磁开关连接，磁开关的输出端连接到反应器的放电极上。
中储电容器的充电方式可以有多种，如直流谐振充电、恒流充电等。中储电容器要求低电感、长寿命高压脉冲电容器，电容量在范围0.5～10μF，高压电源一般把中储电容器的电压充到10～40kV。
脉冲变压器的设计采用铁氧体、高质量的坡莫合金或金属玻璃等作为磁芯，这种磁芯具有磁感应强度大、磁导率高、电阻率大、磁导率与频率的依赖小的特点。脉冲变压器的输出接一个或多个脉冲形成器，每一个脉冲形成器的输出端连接一磁开关。脉冲变压器的原边和次边构成双谐振回路，以提高脉冲变压器的能量转换效率。优化设计参数：脉冲变压器的变比3～8倍，谐振时间1～5μs。
闸流管选择耐压高(大于中储电容器上的充电电压)、电流大(电流峰值3kA以上)，高重复频率(100Hz以上)，长寿命的闸流管。
中储电容器、脉冲变压器、闸流管置于充满变压器油的容器内。
脉冲形成器可采用多种形式脉冲形成元件：高压脉冲电容器、同轴电缆、人工仿真线或其它形式的脉冲形成器，耐压等级300kV以上，波形半高宽200～500ns。
磁开关采用具有矩形磁滞回线的导磁材料作为磁芯，如铁基软磁合金。其基本原理是：磁芯在非饱和状态时，磁开关具有非常大的电感，阻断脉冲电流(电压)的通过，当磁芯达到饱和时，磁开关的电感很小，导通脉冲电流，磁开关输出陡前沿的脉冲电压或电流。磁开关置入一容器中，采用变压器油绝缘。
采用本发明的高压脉冲电源装置的主要优点：克服了诸如火花间隙开关、晶闸管等大功率开关的性能不能满足脱硫用脉冲电源系统的限制。火花间隙开关是放电开关，由于电极浸蚀和绝缘气体的劣化，开关不能长期稳定的工作。晶闸管的阻断电压、峰值电压、电流上升率等参数则远远不能满足大功率系统的要求。磁开关是固态脉冲压缩装置，不含气体放电部件，不需要形成等离子体通道，没有电极烧蚀，也不存在放电恢复时间。它有非常长的使用寿命，能够达到很高的重复率，由于其自身的结构和原理而确定其可靠性非常高，而且不存在噪音和空气污染。利用磁开关技术，可有效地压缩脉冲宽度及上升时间，提高电压或电流峰值，以得到所需要高功率水平，从而减少起始开关闸流管的负担，使之寿命延长，重复率提高。同时，又能输出上百千伏、陡前沿纳秒级脉冲电压，能满足烟气脱硫需要。
4、附图说明图1是原有技术的烟气脱硫用脉冲电源电路图；图2是本发明一种脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫用高压脉冲电源装置的基本电路图；图3是本发明一种脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫用高压脉冲电源装置的实施例电路图；图4是本发明一种脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫用高压脉冲电源装置的实施例连接示意图；图5是本发明一种脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫用高压脉冲电源装置的中储电容器、闸流管、脉冲变压器装配连接关系图；图6是本发明一种脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫用高压脉冲电源装置脉冲形成电缆横截面图；图7是本发明一种脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫用高压脉冲电源装置磁开关结构图。
在图2中，本发明的装置的高压电源8的输出端连接到闸流管9的阳极，闸流管9的阴极接地；闸流管9的阳极连接到中储电容器10的一端，另外一端连接到脉冲变压器11的初级线圈的输入端，初级线圈的另一端接地；脉冲变压器11的次级线圈一端接地，另外一端脉冲形成器12的高压输入端连接，脉冲形成器12的地极可靠接地；脉冲形成器12的输出端连接到磁开关13的输入端；磁开关13的输出端连接到反应器7的放电极，反应器7的外壳接地；闸流管9的触发电极连接到触发控制线33上。
本发明的高压脉冲电源的工作过程：高压电源8为中储电容器10充电，充电结束后，给闸流管9控制极一个脉冲信号，使其导通，使中储电容器10通过升压脉冲变压器11为一个脉冲形成器12馈电，当脉冲形成器12上电压达到峰值时，脉冲形成器12后接的磁开关13饱和，磁开关13由开路状态跳变为闭合状态，输出一个陡前沿的窄脉冲电压加在负载反应器7上，经过一段延时后，又重复上述过程，达到所要求的重复频率。
5、实施例在图3中，本发明的装置，采用50Hz、380V三相的动力电源经可控硅调压器向直流高压电源17供电，在直流高压电压测量线31传输的反馈信号(由高压分压器28采样)的控制下稳压，闸流管16在触发控制线32传输来的触发信号的作用下导通，储能电容通过电感15、二极管14、闸流管16、中储电容器10、脉冲变压器11的初级线圈向中储电容器10谐振充电，当中储电容器10上电压达到最大时，电流过零，闸流管16断开，并在反向二极管14的作用下停止谐振。优化设计参数：C0≥20C1(C0-储能电容器18的电容量、C1-中储脉冲电容器10的电容量)，为满足电源工作频率的需要，谐振充电时间在1ms以下。中储电容10谐振充电结束后，触发控制线33传输来的触发信号使闸流管9触发放电，经过脉冲变压器11对并联脉冲形成器12充电，形成一定脉宽的脉冲电压，当脉冲形成器12上的电压达到最大值时，接在脉冲成形器后磁开关13达到饱和，开关打开，脉冲成形器输出的脉冲电压加在负载反应器7上。重复上述过程，可达到50～500Hz的脉冲频率。
在图4、图5中，本发明的实施例装置连接关系是：控制柜30置于一房间内，通过穿墙管把电压测量线31连接到直流高压电源17的电压测量的高压分压器28的接线柱上、把闸流管16的触发控制线32连接到闸流管16的触发电极上、把闸流管9触发控制线33连接到闸流管9的触发电极45上、把经过调整稳压的电力电源34连接到高压电源17的三相电源输入端。直流高压电源17、储能电容器18、油箱36安装在另一房间。在装满绝缘油的油箱36中安装有中储电容器10、闸流管9、脉冲变压器11，中储电容器10、脉冲变压器11由有机玻璃41作为支撑，使其对地绝缘。直流高压电源17通过带绝缘层的导线37连接到电感15、二极管14和闸流管16，电感15、二极管14和闸流管16置于绝缘体39上，闸流管16的阴极通过高压接线柱43连接到在油箱36内的中储电容器10上，中储电容器10通过金属导线44连接到闸流管9的阳极，闸流管9的阴极接地，中储电容器10的另一端连接到脉冲变压器11的输入端。反应器7置于室外，脉冲变压器11的输出端42通过脉冲形成器12连接到置于反应器7顶部的磁开关13上，磁开关13的输出端连接到反应器的放电极上。烟气从反应器中通过，在脉冲电晕放电及在添加物NH3的作用下，烟气中的SO2和NOx被去除。
本发明的实施例采用的相关部件的性能参数：直流高压电源17设计为25kV×7A，标称功率175kW，高压直流电源实际最高工作电压为23.5kV，实际最大输出功率164kW。
储能电容器18的最高工作电压为23.5kV，容量58μF，最大储能量为16kJ。整个储能电容器18置于一浸油油箱内。
二极管14采用反向耐压150kV的高频高压硅堆，电流2A，12只并联。
中储电容器10由4个277nF的电容器组成，即1.108μF，其最高工作电压为38kV，最大储能为800J，谐振充电时间200～400μs。
闸流管9采用进口的高电压大电流闸流管，耐压70kV，峰值电流50kA。闸流管16采用国产的氢闸流管，耐压35kV，峰值电流3kA。
脉冲变压器11的升压变比为1∶8，耦合系数0.95，谐振频率(ω)确定为2.8×105。中储电容器组在2.25μs内将能量转移到脉冲形成器12中，脉冲形成器12的最高工作电压将达到大约300kV。高压脉冲变压器原边的最大脉冲放电电流峰值达到50kA以上。
本发明的高压脉冲电源装置用四根35米长的电缆做成两个脉冲形成器12，每个脉冲形成器12由两根电缆组成，每个脉冲形成器12输出端接磁开关13。电缆电容总容量16nF，输出脉冲电压的宽度是350ns。
在图6中，组成脉冲形成器12的电缆从里到外是电缆芯导体50、绝缘体49、半导体层48、屏蔽层47和保护层46，形成电缆外径80mm。
当脉冲形成器12上电压达到100kV左右时，磁开关13导通，输出高电压脉冲。脉冲形成器12的充电频率(ω)为1.4×106，负载等效阻抗确定为24Ω，要求磁开关的未饱和等效阻抗(ωLunsat)远远大于负载的阻抗，则磁开关的未饱和电感要大于17μH，磁开关13浸于浸油的油箱内，并安装在反应器7的顶部。
在图7中，脉冲形成器12的一端连接到磁开关13的输入端56，磁开关13采用进口的金属玻璃作为磁芯54，导线52绕于磁芯上，并连接到磁开关13的输出端51，输出端51通过电缆连接到反应器7的放电极上；整个磁开关13置于一金属容器53中，并充油作为绝缘介质，有机玻璃55作为磁开关13的支撑。
三相可控硅调压模块、可控硅调压控制器、闸流管9的触发器、闸流管16的触发器、直流电压检测器、高压输出频率检测器置于控制柜30中。
在12000～20000Nm3/h的烟气脱硫中试装置中，本发明的高压脉冲电源装置运行参数：输出功率：50～100kW 输出阻抗：24Ω；电压峰值：大于100kV； 上升前沿：120～130ns；脉冲宽度：350～450ns； 重复频率：50～100Hz；在一定的工艺条件下，当注入能量为3Wh/Nm3，脱硫效率可达85％，累计运行时间1300小时。
Claims (5)
1.一种脉冲电晕等离子体烟气脱硫用高压脉冲电源装置，其特征在于：该装置含有用于储存高压电能的中储电容器(10)，用于中储电容器(10)放电的闸流管(9)，将中储电容器(10)传出的电压升高的脉冲变压器(11)，将脉冲变压器(11)输出的电压波形整形的脉冲形成器(12)，用于锐化脉冲形成器(12)输出电压波形的磁开关(13)；其连接关系为：给中储电容器(10)充电的高压电源(8)分别连接闸流管(9)和中储电容器(10)，脉冲变压器(11)的初级线圈与中储电容器(10)连接，脉冲变压器(11)的次级线圈与脉冲形成器(12)连接，脉冲形成器(12)的另一端与磁开关(13)连接，磁开关(13)的输出端连接到反应器(7)的放电极上。
2.根据权利要求1的高压脉冲电源装置，其特征在于：中储电容器(10)采用直流谐振充电方式，也可以采用恒流充电方式。
3.根据权利要求1的高压脉冲电源装置，其特征在于：脉冲变压器(11)的输出接一个或多个脉冲形成器(12)，每一个脉冲形成器(12)的输出端连接一磁开关(13)。
4.如权利要求1的高压脉冲电源装置，其特征在于：其脉冲形成器(12)采用同轴电缆，也可以采用高压脉冲电容器、人工仿真线或其它形式。
5.如权利要求1的高压脉冲电源装置，其特征在于：其中储电容器(10)、脉冲变压器(11)、闸流管(9)置于充满变压器油的容器内。
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101924488A (zh) * | 2010-07-12 | 2010-12-22 | 景德镇陶瓷学院 | 一种校形放大变频器 |
| CN102013830A (zh) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-04-13 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | 一种双极性纳秒高压窄脉冲产生装置及方法 |
| CN102118117A (zh) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-07-06 | 浙江大学 | 直流基压叠加脉冲电压供电的电路谐振耦合装置 |
| CN102158088A (zh) * | 2011-01-17 | 2011-08-17 | 西安交通大学 | 全固态重复频率纳秒脉冲源 |
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| CN101924488A (zh) * | 2010-07-12 | 2010-12-22 | 景德镇陶瓷学院 | 一种校形放大变频器 |
| CN101924488B (zh) * | 2010-07-12 | 2013-08-28 | 景德镇陶瓷学院 | 一种校形放大变频器 |
| CN102013830B (zh) * | 2010-11-30 | 2013-05-08 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | 一种双极性纳秒高压窄脉冲产生装置及方法 |
| CN102013830A (zh) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-04-13 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | 一种双极性纳秒高压窄脉冲产生装置及方法 |
| CN102118117A (zh) * | 2010-11-30 | 2011-07-06 | 浙江大学 | 直流基压叠加脉冲电压供电的电路谐振耦合装置 |
| CN102118117B (zh) * | 2010-11-30 | 2013-11-20 | 浙江大学 | 直流基压叠加脉冲电压供电的电路谐振耦合装置 |
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| CN102158088B (zh) * | 2011-01-17 | 2014-04-23 | 西安交通大学 | 全固态重复频率纳秒脉冲源 |
| CN102938968A (zh) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-20 | 西安交通大学 | 一种用于触发两间隙等离子体喷射装置的电路 |
| CN102938968B (zh) * | 2012-11-12 | 2015-05-27 | 西安交通大学 | 一种用于触发两间隙等离子体喷射装置的电路 |
| CN104548890A (zh) * | 2013-10-23 | 2015-04-29 | 天津市英格环保科技有限公司 | 双介质低温等离子烟气处理系统 |
| CN104548890B (zh) * | 2013-10-23 | 2016-06-29 | 天津市英格环保科技有限公司 | 双介质低温等离子烟气处理系统 |
| CN105450078A (zh) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-03-30 | 金华大维电子科技有限公司 | 一种纳秒级脉冲电源 |
| CN106329982A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-11 | 西安交通大学 | 一种脉冲变压器型的全固态重频脉冲触发器 |
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