CN1370915A

CN1370915A - Detonation-resisting energy-storing system with high heat efficiency and variable compression ratio

Info

Publication number: CN1370915A
Application number: CN01126099A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙中徐
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2001-08-23
Filing date: 2001-08-23
Publication date: 2002-09-25

Abstract

The present invention relates to a reciprocating piston engine and aims at raising the heat efficiency and performance per liter and reducing oil consumption, noise and exhaust of piston engine. The engine with detonation resisting energy storing system of the present invention has variable combustion chamber and higher compression ratio, so that its pressure and temperatuer in cylinder are less affected by the crank shaft interia and the engine has controllable detonation. It can raise heat efficiency and performance per liter and reduce oil consumption, noise and exhaust of piston engine of engine.

Description

High heat efficiency and variable contracts and compares detonation-resisting energy-storing system

One, technical field: conventional engine

Two, background technique: conventional engine can be divided into petrol engine and diesel engine etc. by working stroke branch four-journey and two-stroke engine again by fuel.Performance index are represented the advance of a motor, fitness for purpose engine power performance good (being that power is big), and good economy performance (being that oil consumption rate is low), running is (promptly vibrate little, fluctuation of speed scope is little) public hazards little (be that exhaust pollution is light, noise is little) steadily.(front page " the motor car engine repairing " first page in 1998 of Heilungkiang science tech publishing house, the 9th page).

The fuel perfect combustion time institute liberated heat of motor actual consumption has part will be converted to the mechanical work of piston, and the percentage that the heat that is converted to the piston machine merit accounts for heat output of fuel is exactly indicated thermal efficiency.The petrolic thermal efficiency is 35%-42%, and all the other most of heats have all lost.The People's Telecon Publishing House, the 2nd printing in April, 1996 Beijing " motorcycle technology " the 117th page.

The petrol engine of prior art is that when bent axle forwarded the ignition advance angle of setting to, spark plug sent electrical spark, lighted mixed gas in compression stroke (containing four-journey, two strokes) budc.The mixed gas normal combustion advances to unburned mixed gas with the speed of tens meters of per seconds.And making it burning, this moment, bent axle turned over top dead center, entered expansion space stroke.Inner pressure of air cylinder reaches maximum value, exports higher power.

Pinking is extremely harmful to the life-span of motor, and during pinking, the fierce rising of pressure of explosion reaches just often 2-4 times, and the pressure wave velocity of wave of generation reaches 2000 metre per second (m/s)s, comes to cause knock on the part of repercussion in cylinder, will cause that simultaneously piston ring fractures.Connecting rod bottom-end bearing weares and teares too early, the destruction that causes piston, wrist pin, connecting rod etc. when serious.The main cause that produces pinking has the following aspects, and 1. the low 2. igniting of octane number is too early, and burning is accelerated, and the pressure maximum of gaseous combustion raises in the cylinder, and temperature also increases, thereby has increased tendency to detonate.Also can cause firing time the mixed gas deflagration pressure to reach the peaked time too early and crank angle not in tune, and piston head is produced a converse rotating force, cause engine knock, power descends.3. carbon deposit is too much in the firing chamber, can make heat radiation bad, also can increasing compression ratio, thereby the maximum pressure of mixture combustion and temperature are raise, increase tendency to detonate 4. mixed gas cross when rare, fuel combustion speed reduces, combustion process increases.Fujian science tech publishing house, the 191st page, 163 pages, 143 pages of in October, 1994 the 5th printings " the motorcycle maintenance is complete works of ".

Diesel engine is owing to there is higher cylinder compression ratio.If use the injection advance angle bigger than prior art, higher compression ratio, can cause compression stroke (two strokes and four-journey) budc cylinder pressure too high equally, mixture combustion excessive velocities and pinking takes place, engine output is reduced, and fuel consumption rate increases, and exhaust pollution is serious, noise increases, and serious pinking knock can damage motor.

According to the petrol engine that prior art is made, working efficiency is about 40%, and compression ratio is 6.5: 1-9.5: between 1, power per liter is between 20kw-30kw, and fuel consumption rate is every kilowatt of 300-350 gram. hour.The diesel engine working efficiency is about 55%, and compression ratio is 16: 1-22: between 1, power per liter is between 12-22KW, and fuel consumption rate is every kilowatt of 260 gram. about hour.

Three, summary of the invention: during the engine compresses stroke of prior art in the cylinder temperature and pressure of mixed gas be subjected to the influence of bent axle inertia bigger, when inner pressure of air cylinder and temperature are too high, the not only constant big compressed mixed gas that under the promotion of bent axle, continues on the contrary of cylinder inner volume, even perhaps also volume expansion is too slow owing to be subjected to the influence of bent axle inertia to the lower dead center operation for piston, can not satisfy the needs of mixed gas rapid combustion.Prior art thinks that pinking is abnormal burning, since it can produce huge pressure, just proves that it contains huge energy, as long as rationally utilize the thermal efficiency that just can improve motor.The thermal efficiency that wants to increase substantially motor just must allow engine combustion still less send bigger output power fuel the time.The present invention is that a kind of high heat efficiency and variable contracts and can effectively improve the thermal efficiency, power per liter, Economy of motor and can reduce fuel consumption rate than detonation-resisting energy-storing system.Its structure and working principle are as described below: in the firing chamber, add a countercylinder 4. with sub-piston 5. with the 1. position inwardly moved of fixed piston and 2. 3. elastic material is compressed of limit stoper with adjusting sieve silk, 5. make elastic material be pressed in sub-piston tightly goes up, the mixed gas expansion of when compression stroke, lighting a fire in the cylinder, (petrol engine 3-3.5pa when pressure is increased to certain value, diesel engine 8-9.5Pa) overcomes elastic material pressure 3., promoting piston 5. moves outside the firing chamber, the compression ratio that reduces motor makes the increase of firing chamber internal volume be subjected to the influence of bent axle inertia little, timely expansion owing to volume in the cylinder makes mixed gas can not produce too high pressure, to promote sub-piston 5. outside when mobile when high pressure mixing gas, compression elastic material 3. and with portion of energy store elastic material 3. in, by the time 3. the working stroke elastic material promotes sub-piston and 5. moves inward the compression ratio that increases motor under the condition that cylinder pressure descends, give off energy to the bent axle acting by pressurization, the power of motor is increased mixed gas.Because the position that 5. sub-piston moves inward is subjected to adjusting nut and 1. limits, then motor just has the highest stable compression ratio, thereby do not influence the performance of motor, 7. vent when 5. high pressure mixing gas promotion sub-piston outwards moves to a segment distance (or arriving certain pressure) on the countercylinder wall is opened, discharge unnecessary too high mixture pressure, thus the generation of more effective restriction pinking.Because the energy that can control and utilize pinking to produce, just can be with super rare mixed gas, higher compression ratio (cross rare meeting because of mixed gas velocity of combustion is slowed down, and high compression ratio can make the velocity of combustion quickening.So can produce knocking combustion equally) cause knocking combustion, and be used.Reach the purpose that obtains bigger output power with less fuel oil.Thereby improve working heat efficient, the power per liter of motor, reduce fuel consumption rate.If adopt the working pressure lower slightly than prior art motor, then the frictional loss meeting of motor is littler, owing to limited the Maximum operating pressure of cylinder, thus reduced noise, the exhaust emission discharging is reduced.Under the situation of conditions permit, select for use the sub-piston of major diameter, long stroke when compression stroke, to store more energy so as far as possible, and discharge during expansion space stroke again, the thermal efficiency of motor is improved.For the sealing and the working life of improving sub-piston and cylinder barrel, can on piston, add piston gas ring and oil ring and the lubricant oil of annotating.

Because native system can improve the thermal efficiency of motor, the compression ratio of cylinder can be changed automatically and maximal pressure contracts than being restricted, the generation of restriction pinking, the portion of energy of compression stroke mesohigh gas can be stored again, when expansion space stroke, discharge, contract and compare detonation-resisting energy-storing system so it is called high heat efficiency and variable.It is as follows that the motor that dress has been used native system and the motor of prior art are compared its beneficial effect: the petrolic thermal efficiency can improve 20%-30%, and power per liter improves 20%, fuel consumption rate decline 20%-40%, and noise can reduce about 5% with discharging.The thermal efficiency of diesel engine can improve 10%, and power per liter can improve 15% fuel consumption rate and descend 10%, and noise can reduce about 10% with discharging.

Four, description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is that sectional drawing (1) maximal pressure of first kind of design of native system contracts than adjusting nut, (2) maximum pressure adjusting screw, (3) elastic material (4) major-minor two-in-one cylinder block (5) energy storage piston or sub-piston (6) spark plug or oil injecting nozzle (7) pressure-reduction outlet

Fig. 2 is that sectional drawing (1) maximal pressure of second kind of design of native system contracts than adjusting nut, (2) maximum pressure adjusting screw, (3) elastic material (4) countercylinder (5) energy storage piston or sub-piston (7) pressure-reduction outlet

Fig. 3 is four-journey combustion chamber component arrange diagram (5) energy storage piston or sub-piston (a 6) spark plug or oil injecting nozzle (8) intake valve (9) exhaust valve (a 11) firing chamber of loading onto native system

Fig. 4 is that sectional drawing (a 1) maximal pressure of loading onto the third design of native system (primary and secondary piston) contracts than adjusting nut (3) elastic material (5) sub-piston (6) spark plug or the female piston of oil injecting nozzle (8) intake valve (9) exhaust valve (10)

Fig. 5 is that sectional drawing (a 1) maximal pressure of loading onto the 4th kind of design of native system (shrinking connecting-rod) contracts than adjusting nut (3) elastic material (5) connecting rod small end (12) connnecting rod big end

Five, embodiment:

1, reciprocating piston type two-stroke engine owing to do not have distribution device on the cylinder head, has only a spark plug (or oil injecting nozzle) can select for use the high heat efficiency and variable identical with the engine piston diameter to contract than detonation-resisting energy-storing piston.To store bigger energy, make the thermal efficiency of motor higher, the capability of antidetonance better can be selected accompanying drawing 1 for use.

2, on the cylinder head of reciprocating piston type four-stroke engine numerous and diverse distribution device is arranged.Can select for use high heat efficiency and variable to contract according to the size in cylinder cap space than pinking energy-storage system, as shown in Figure 2.Four-stroke engine can be selected the intake valve of 2 points for use, and the such cylinder head of a little bigger exhaust valve top just has the dress high heat efficiency and variable to contract than the position of detonation-resisting energy-storing system, as shown in Figure 3.

3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are owing to the restriction of manufacturing process, and poor durability should not adopt.

Claims

One, high heat efficiency and variable contracts and is mainly used in petrol engine and diesel engine than detonation-resisting energy-storing system.Pinking easily takes place in former motor when top dead center, the thermal efficiency is low.The influence that the pressure of mixture combustion outburst and temperature are subjected to speed of crankshaft.Pinking can not take place with motor of the present invention in dress.Can regulate combustion chamber volume automatically according to the size of cylinder pressure and change compression ratio.Thereby increase the thermal efficiency and the output power of motor, it is characterized in that: piston 5 is promoted outside the firing chamber in cylinder 4 by pressurized gas, and combustion chamber volume is increased, compression ratio reduces, antiknock shake, and compression elastic material 3 store portion of energy in elastic material 3.Elastic material 3 promotes piston 5 when treating the decline of expansion space stroke inner pressure of air cylinder in the firing chamber in cylinder 4, increases the compression ratio of cylinder, inner pressure of air cylinder is descended slow down, to the bigger power of bent axle output.When cylinder pressure was too high, pressure-reduction outlet 7 was opened and is got rid of too high air pressure, makes motor pinking can not take place.So dress is with the motor of the native system super-lean mixture that can burn, and can use higher compression ratio.
Two, according to the described piston 5 of claim one, it is characterized in that: can move around in cylinder 4, its tailing screw flight matches with adjusting nut 1, the maximal pressure of the adjusting cylinder ratio that contracts, and its maximum diameter can be identical with the main piston diameter.
Three, according to the described cylinder 4 of claim one, it is characterized in that: can connect by master cylinder.For the work of native system provides support, there is the outside thread of internal thread and adjusting nut 2 to match incompatible adjusting to the preload pressure of piston 5 and the maximum pressure in the cylinder at its afterbody.
Four, be characterized in according to the described pressure-reduction outlet 7 of claim one: open in the side of cylinder 4, treat that pressurized gas promote to expose the gas that pressure-reduction outlet 7 is discharged excess pressure after piston 5 prolongs cylinder 4 outwards mobile segment distances.Pressure-reduction outlet 7 can be one or more.
Five, be characterized in the pressure that can provide enough according to the described energy-accumulation material 3 of claim one, stretchability is good, and good heat resistance can be spring or other elastic material.
Six, be characterized in when two-stroke engine uses according to the described piston 5 of claim two: maximum diameter can be identical with the main piston diameter.(shown in Figure of description 1)
Seven, be characterized in when two-stroke engine uses according to the described cylinder 4 of claim three: can make one with master cylinder.(shown in Figure of description 1)
Eight, be to form the primary and secondary piston according to the described piston 5 another kind of design characteristic of claim two, utilize the flexible compression ratio that changes motor automatically of primary and secondary piston with main piston 5.(shown in Figure of description 4)
Nine, be to form shrinking connecting-rod according to the described piston 5 another kind of design characteristic of claim two, utilize the flexible compression ratio that changes motor automatically of connecting rod with engine link.(shown in Figure of description 5)