CN1356534A - Method for measuring flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface - Google Patents
Method for measuring flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN1356534A CN1356534A CN 00134362 CN00134362A CN1356534A CN 1356534 A CN1356534 A CN 1356534A CN 00134362 CN00134362 CN 00134362 CN 00134362 A CN00134362 A CN 00134362A CN 1356534 A CN1356534 A CN 1356534A
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Abstract
A method for measuring the flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface includes preparing electrolyte solution from chemical salt and water, adding it to the thin run-off layer at upstream position while recording time, sensing the electrolyte by an instrument arranged at downstream position while recording time, and calculation by the distance and time difference. Its advantages include high speed and correctness.
Description
The invention belongs to water and soil conservation, hydrologic research technical field, relate to a kind of method that can quick and precisely measure flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface.
Along with deepening continuously of water and soil conservation cause and hydrology research, the technician usually needs to measure the flow velocity of rainwash, and the rainwash that is produced by rainfall is not before importing raceway groove, and often water layer thickness is very little, has only several centimetres even several millimeters.The instrument of general measure flow velocity just can not use like this, conventional method just seems powerless, and must change " the coloring agent method " that generally adopts now into, that is: certain dyestuff or ink higher relatively certain on domatic with some a bit drops into the runoff to be measured, write down the release time simultaneously, the dyestuff situation of movement in water then detects by an unaided eye, when the forward position of coloring agent arrives a certain setting section that is lower than release position, sign in again, measure the length of this section to release position, use this length poor divided by time of twice record then, promptly get the mean flow rate of runoff at this section.The shortcoming of this method has two, afterwards color is thin out because coloring agent spreads in water for the first, particularly impacting of raindrop makes the flow turbulence increase, therefore to judge accurately that coloring agent arrives the time of setting section than difficulty, randomness is bigger, makes that the flow speed value accuracy that measures is relatively poor; It two is that the motion conditions of coloring agent will with the naked eye be seen and looks into, so measuring distance is short, and the landform restriction is bigger.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of measuring flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface, this method has to be measured accurately, and easy and simple to handle fast, the characteristics that expense is cheap are not limited by landform simultaneously, have overcome the existing above-mentioned defective of existing measuring technique.
The objective of the invention is to realize in the following manner: a kind of method of measuring flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface is characterized in that may further comprise the steps: the preparation of A. electrolyte solution, and this solution is formulated by chemical salt and light water; B. drop into this electrolyte solution in the upstream of runoff to be measured, and record drops into the time of this electrolyte solution; C. in the downstream of runoff to be measured measurement instrument is set, determines this electrolyte solution and flow through time of measurement instrument set-point; D. the calculating of flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface to poor divided by above-mentioned two times of record of the length of measurement instrument set-point, promptly gets the flow velocity of this section face of land thin runoff with this electrolyte solution release position.
Measurement flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface method of the present invention is characterized in that above-mentioned measurement instrument can select common multimeter for use.
Measurement flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface method of the present invention is characterized in that preferably having additional electric conductivity good metal sheet on the test pencil of above-mentioned common multimeter.
Measurement flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface method of the present invention is characterized in that above-mentioned electrolyte solution can use ammonium hydrogencarbonate, nitric acid ammonia, and carbonic acid ammonia, water-soluble back such as urea or sodium chloride degree of ionization height, and cheap chemical salt and light water are formulated.
This shows, the method of measurement flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface provided by the invention, at first be that the coloring agent that will use in the existing method changes electrolyte solution into, this solution can use any one water-soluble back degree of ionization height, and cheap chemical salt and water are formulated.For example: ammonium hydrogencarbonate, nitric acid ammonia, carbonic acid ammonia, urea, sodium chloride etc.
Then a common radio is apart selected in the section soil or is fixed on the rock in the parallel insertion of 3～10mm downstream with two test pencils of multimeter, the metal of noting test pencil partly can not all insert underground, should keep 20mm at least, to test shelves and be adjusted to resistance, at this moment the infinitely great side of multimeter pointed.
After above-mentioned work is finished, just can throw in electrolyte solution in domatic upper end, and the record release time,
Observe the downstream then and set the change conditions of section multimeter pointer, when pointer suddenly from an infinitely great side-sway during to 01 sides, write down the time this moment, remaining work is identical with existing method, to the length of measuring section poor divided by two times of record, promptly get the flow velocity of this section runoff with the electrolyte solution release position.
The injected volume of electrolyte solution can obviously measure with multimeter and be advisable, if it is bigger to measure length, except strengthening electrolytical injected volume, can also on two test pencils of multimeter, connect electric conductivity good metal sheet respectively, come the alternative metals test pencil to insert the face of land with it, to increase conductive area, guarantee observation effect.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing shown in the embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the instrumentation plan of the present invention at staight slope;
Fig. 2 is the instrumentation plan of the present invention on the convex slope;
Fig. 3 is the instrumentation plan of the present invention on the spill slope;
Fig. 4 is the instrumentation plan of the present invention on compound slope;
Fig. 5 is multimetering of the present invention and multimeter riding position synoptic diagram.
With reference to Fig. 1～5, the present invention is fit to be used in various natural, artificial gentle slopes and abrupt slope, also be fit to be used in various domatics, and various surface vegetation covers and coverage can not exert an influence to measuring yet.Electrolyte solution drops at the release position a place of runoff to be measured upstream, and record drops into the time T of this electrolyte solution
aMeasurement point b place in runoff to be measured downstream is provided with measurement instrument, determines to contain the flow through time T of measurement instrument set-point of this electrolytical face of land thin runoff
bRelease position a to the distance between the measurement point b be L, with this electrolyte solution release position a to the length L of the measurement point b that measurement instrument is set difference T divided by above-mentioned two times of record
b-T
a, promptly get the flow velocity v of this section face of land thin runoff, i.e. v=L/ (T
b-T
a).
As can be seen from Figure 5,,, can set some measurement points, set 2 measurement point b in the present embodiment in the downstream of thin runoff to be measured according to different requirements
1And b
2, from Fig. 5, it can also be seen that to have certain spacing S between the two metal sheets of measurement instrument in addition.
The injected volume of electrolyte solution is inversely proportional to the area that the sheet metal of measurement instrument directly contacts with current, and with the measurement instrument two metal sheets between be provided with the distance be directly proportional, its relation each other is shown below:
In the formula: W is the injected volume (g) of electrolyte solution
S is the distance (cm) between the measurement instrument two metal sheets
A is the area (cm that the sheet metal of measurement instrument directly contacts with current
2)
B is the mean breadth (m) of thin runoff to be measured
L is that the electrolyte solution release position is to the length between the measurement point (m)
The injected volume of electrolyte solution also can utilize following formula to try to achieve:
W＝10·BL
Following formula is only applicable to directly to do two electrodes and the two chaining pins situation at a distance of 0.3cm with the multimeter chaining pin.
Utilize above-mentioned formula, can very conveniently try to achieve the injected volume of electrolyte solution, for example:
If at a distance of 0.5cm, the area that sheet metal directly contacts with current is 5cm between the 1 measurement instrument two metal sheets
2, the mean breadth of thin runoff to be measured is 10m, and the electrolyte solution release position is 100m to the oblique length between the measurement point, and then the injected volume of electrolyte solution is:
If at a distance of 0.3cm, the area that sheet metal directly contacts with current is 10cm between the 2 measurement instrument two metal sheets
2, the mean breadth of thin runoff to be measured is 2m, and the electrolyte solution release position is 200m to the oblique length between the measurement point, and then the injected volume of electrolyte solution is:
If 3 directly do two electrodes with the multimeter chaining pin, two chaining pins are at a distance of 0.3cm, and the mean breadth of thin runoff to be measured is 10m, and the electrolyte solution release position is 100m to the oblique length between the measurement point, and then the injected volume of electrolyte solution is:
W＝10×10×100＝10000(g)
If 4 directly do two electrodes with the multimeter chaining pin, two chaining pins are at a distance of 0.3cm, and the mean breadth of thin runoff to be measured is 2m, and the electrolyte solution release position is 200m to the oblique length between the measurement point, and then the injected volume of electrolyte solution is:
W＝10×2×200＝4000(g)
Principle of the present invention is: electrolytical content is lower in the natural runoff, therefore to record the resistance of runoff very big for multimeter, after adding electrolyte solution, the electric conductivity that contains electrolytical that part of current strengthens greatly, when it moves to multimeter measurement section, because resistance reduces than before greatly, what the pointer of multimeter will be violent swings to zero direction, and the electrolyte situation of movement has reacted the speed of runoff.
This shows that this method has overcome artificial error in judgement,, with the naked eye can't observe coloring agent,, use this invention to solve with the situation that existing method can't resolve for long domatic suitable, particularly bigger too for the raindrop disturbance with complex-terrain.This invention has improved field survey thin runoff flow velocity method, has promoted the progress of measurement means in water and soil conservation and the hydrologic research.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of method of measuring flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A. the preparation of electrolyte solution, this solution is formulated by chemical salt and light water;
B. drop into this electrolyte solution in the upstream of runoff to be measured, and record drops into the time of this electrolyte solution;
C. in the downstream of runoff to be measured measurement instrument is set, determines and contain this electrolytical runoff and flow through time of measurement instrument set-point;
D. the calculating of flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface to poor divided by above-mentioned two times of record of the length of measurement instrument set-point, promptly gets the flow velocity of this section face of land thin runoff with this electrolyte solution release position.
2, measurement flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that this measurement instrument is common multimeter.
3, measurement flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that being connected with electric conductivity good metal sheet on the test pencil of this common multimeter.
4, as claim 1,2 or 3 described measurement flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface methods, it is characterized in that this electrolyte solution uses ammonium hydrogencarbonate, nitric acid ammonia, carbonic acid ammonia, urea or sodium chloride are formulated.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB001343629A CN1141554C (en) | 2000-12-07 | 2000-12-07 | Method for measuring flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB001343629A CN1141554C (en) | 2000-12-07 | 2000-12-07 | Method for measuring flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1356534A true CN1356534A (en) | 2002-07-03 |
| CN1141554C CN1141554C (en) | 2004-03-10 |
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| CNB001343629A Expired - Fee Related CN1141554C (en) | 2000-12-07 | 2000-12-07 | Method for measuring flow speed of thin run-off layer on earth surface |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103353537A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-10-16 | 西北农林科技大学 | Shallow layer water flow velocity measurement apparatus |
| CN103893388A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-02 | 李萍 | Traditional Chinese medicine for treating bone mineral density reduction of patient with hyperthyroidism and preparation method thereof |
| CN105116164A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2015-12-02 | 武汉工程大学 | Method of measuring seepage flow velocity by electrolytic polarization |
| CN110441547A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-12 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of flow rate of water flow measurement method |
| CN111366747A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-03 | 中国农业大学 | Method for improving electrolyte tracing and measuring erosion slope water flow velocity |
| CN111623250A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-04 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Water body leakage amount measuring method and system and pipeline |
-
2000
- 2000-12-07 CN CNB001343629A patent/CN1141554C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103353537A (en) * | 2013-06-18 | 2013-10-16 | 西北农林科技大学 | Shallow layer water flow velocity measurement apparatus |
| CN103893388A (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-07-02 | 李萍 | Traditional Chinese medicine for treating bone mineral density reduction of patient with hyperthyroidism and preparation method thereof |
| CN105116164A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2015-12-02 | 武汉工程大学 | Method of measuring seepage flow velocity by electrolytic polarization |
| CN105116164B (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2018-06-08 | 武汉工程大学 | A kind of method that electrolytic polarization measures seepage velocity |
| CN110441547A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-11-12 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of flow rate of water flow measurement method |
| CN110441547B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2021-11-05 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Water flow velocity measuring method |
| CN111366747A (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2020-07-03 | 中国农业大学 | Method for improving electrolyte tracing and measuring erosion slope water flow velocity |
| CN111366747B (en) * | 2020-03-30 | 2021-02-05 | 中国农业大学 | Method for improving electrolyte tracing and measuring erosion slope water flow velocity |
| CN111623250A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-04 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Water body leakage amount measuring method and system and pipeline |
| CN111623250B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2022-03-29 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Water body leakage amount measuring method and system and pipeline |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1141554C (en) | 2004-03-10 |
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