CN1355966A - Method and apparatus for improving radio link budget for cellular base station - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for improving radio link budget for cellular base station Download PDFInfo
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- CN1355966A CN1355966A CN 00808924 CN00808924A CN1355966A CN 1355966 A CN1355966 A CN 1355966A CN 00808924 CN00808924 CN 00808924 CN 00808924 A CN00808924 A CN 00808924A CN 1355966 A CN1355966 A CN 1355966A
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- signal
- output
- base station
- station transceiver
- power levels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/52—TPC using AGC [Automatic Gain Control] circuits or amplifiers
Abstract
A method and apparatus for improving the radio link budget for cellular base stations is disclosed. A transmitter module generates N in-phase downlink signals, wherein each of the in-phase downlink signals are at the same frequency and have a predetermined power level, and a combiner, coupled to the transmitter module, receives and combines the N in-phase downlink signals to produce an output signal at an output power level greater than the power level of any of the N in-phase downlink signals. The transmitter module includes N channel units and each of the N channel units includes a modulator, an upconverter and an amplifier. The system further includes a baseband unit for generating a baseband signal for each of the N channel units for processing. The system further includes a phase shifter for receiving each of the baseband signals and a power detector disposed at the output of the combiner for measuring the output power level of the output signal and maximizing the output power level of the output signal by adjusting the phase shifter.
Description
The background of invention
1. invention field
The present invention relates to the base station, relate more specifically to be used to improve the method and apparatus of the radio link budget of cellular basestation.
2. the description of background technology
Cellular communication system develops rapidly in global communications market, many projects of such development support and provide the expansion technique chance for all manufacturers of cellular device.
In order to attract the consumer and to obtain the big market share, cellular provider is being released the characteristic of the pure digi-tal permission of system, such as caller ID and short message, paging etc.In order further to obtain the bigger market share, cellular provider turns to the cost that reduces in-flight time.Reduce price and can adopt many forms.For example, distributors the more free time can be provided in every month, for collecting less expense in additional minute, being free of charge, reducing by charge per month, remove long-term contract for first minute of incoming call--All Policies also can be used for the honeycomb distributors that set up.For supplier, this causes the less income of each consumer, but more effective for increasing the market share.Thereby any minimizing of the consumer's business that causes owing to network problem has great influence to income and profit.
Traditionally, independently booster is used to increase from the power of base station output and covers to strengthen down link.Booster is transmitter and the additional afterwards extra amplifier of power amplifier in common Channel Elements.Arrangement although it is so provides desired output power, but such design has several shortcomings.For example, must design extra booster, this consumes many times and required resource.Also have, extra enhancer units must be placed in the casing of base station.Because these enhancer units must be handled very high RF power, its reliability has problem often.Though the up link of enhancer units improvement from base station transceiver to mobile radio station is provided, and coming since then, the higher output power of base station transceiver does not improve this base station transceiver receiver sensitivity.This radio link is unlike not using more balance of enhancer units.At last, if enhancer units breaks down, then lose the whole service on that frequency.Because this enhancer units is operated on height (higher) power level, this enhancer units that breaks down of bypass is very difficult, and does not generally set up redundancy in these Channel Elementss.
Therefore as can be known, need be used to improve the radio link budget of cellular basestation and the method and apparatus that do not rely on independent enhancer units.
The general introduction of invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned restriction of the prior art, and read and understand other restrictions that will become apparent after the present invention, the invention discloses a kind of method and apparatus that is used to improve the radio link budget of cellular basestation in order to overcome.
The present invention solves the problems referred to above by combination homophase down link signal so that produce output signal with the output power levels greater than the power level of any single down link signal.
System comprises the combiner that is used to generate the transmitter module of N homophase down link signal and is coupled to this transmitter module in accordance with the principles of the present invention, wherein each homophase down link signal is on same frequency and have a predetermined power level, this combiner is used for receiving and making up this N homophase down link signal, so that produce output signal with the output power levels greater than the power level of any one down link signal among this N the homophase down link signal.
Other embodiment of system or method can comprise replacement or selection aspect in accordance with the principles of the present invention.Such aspect of the present invention is that transmitter module comprises N Channel Elements.
Another aspect of the present invention is that each Channel Elements among this N Channel Elements comprises modulator, upconverter and amplifier.
Another aspect of the present invention is that this system also comprises Base Band Unit, is used to each Channel Elements among this N Channel Elements to generate baseband signal so that handle.
Another aspect of the present invention is that this system also comprises the adjustable delay on the adjustable phase shifter that is used for base band or RF signal, with the power detector on the output that is configured in combiner, this power detector is used to measure the output power levels of output signal and by regulating the output power levels that this phase shifter or adjustable delay maximize this output signal.
Another aspect of the present invention is that this transmitter module comprises modulating stage, up-conversion level and amplifying stage.
Another aspect of the present invention is that this system also comprises Base Band Unit, is used to generate baseband signal, and the modulating stage that this baseband signal is offered this transmitter module is to produce modulation signal.
Another aspect of the present invention is that this modulating stage provides this modulation signal to be scheduled to the RF frequency to the up-conversion level so that upconvert to.
Another aspect of the present invention is that this up-conversion level comprises N upconverter, this modulation signal is divided into N modulation signal, each modulation signal among this N modulation signal is offered one of this N upconverter, so that produce N RF signal with predetermined RF frequency.
Another aspect of the present invention is that this amplifying stage comprises N the amplifier that is used for this N RF signal, is used to generate N homophase down link signal.
Another aspect of the present invention is that this amplifying stage comprises N amplifier, and this up-conversion level provides N RF signal with predetermined RF frequency, and this N amplifier receives this N RF signal and utilizes this N RF signal to generate N homophase uplink signal.
Another aspect of the present invention is that this system also comprises phase shifter or decay part and power detector, this phase shifter configuration is being used to produce between the Base Band Unit and transmitter module of baseband signal, wherein this transmitter module receives this baseband signal, this power detector is configured on the output of this combiner, is used to measure the output power levels of output signal and by regulating the output power levels that this phase shifter maximizes output signal.
Another aspect of the present invention is to be the output power levels of output signal to be increased by 3 decibels at 2 o'clock at N.
Another aspect of the present invention is to be the output power levels of output signal to be increased by 6 decibels at 4 o'clock at N.
Another aspect of the present invention is to be the output power levels of output signal to be increased by 9 decibels at 8 o'clock at N.
Another aspect of the present invention is that each Channel Elements comprises at least one receiver.
Another aspect of the present invention is that these received signals of combination are to obtain the uplink diversity gain.
Another aspect of the present invention is the signal raising receiver sensitivity of combination from a plurality of receivers.
Especially accompanying and form to point out with the present invention to be these and many other advantages and new Ying's characteristic of feature in its a part of claims.Yet, in order to understand the present invention, its advantage better and to use the purpose that realizes, should consult the accompanying drawing and the corresponding description that form its another part by it, shown in the drawings and describe specific example according to the equipment of invention.
Referring now to accompanying drawing,, label identical in these accompanying drawings is represented appropriate section.
Fig. 1 represents the mobile communication system according to the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 represents to comprise the simplified block diagram of down link relevant portion of Channel Elements of the base station transceiver of enhancer units;
Fig. 3 represents the block diagram of an embodiment of base station transceiver, wherein makes up in-phase signal to increase output power levels;
Fig. 4 represents the block diagram of second embodiment of base station transceiver, wherein makes up in-phase signal to increase output power levels;
Fig. 5 represents the block diagram of the 3rd embodiment of base station transceiver, wherein makes up in-phase signal to increase output power levels;
Fig. 6 is the simplified block diagram with Channel Elements of transmitter (down link) and two receivers (up link);
Fig. 7 represents N combination according to Channel Elements of the present invention; With
Fig. 8 represents to have the block diagram that phase control function maximizes the base station transceiver downlink portion of output power levels according to the present invention.
The detailed description of invention
In the description of exemplary embodiment below,, and in these accompanying drawings, can implement specific embodiment of the present invention by illustrating wherein referring to its a part of accompanying drawing of formation.To understand, not deviate from scope of the present invention owing to can carry out structural change, so can utilize other embodiment.
The invention provides a kind of method and apparatus of the radio link budget that is used to improve cellular basestation.Combination homophase down link signal is so that generate output signal with the output power levels greater than the power level of any single down link signal.Also uplink signal is made up to obtain the diversity gain of receiver.
Fig. 1 represents the mobile communication system 100 according to the embodiment of the invention.This system 100 is made of a plurality of base stations 102 that are connected to system controller 101 and a plurality of portable terminal 103.The coverage of mobile communication system 100 is divided into many mesh 110-120.Mobile switching centre 130 is connected with another mobile communication system or fixed network 132 and coordinates to the call establishment of portable terminal 103.Portable terminal 103 can move into the coverage that is formed by a plurality of base stations 102, so that communicate by the channel of distributing to adjacent base station 102.
Fig. 2 represents the simplified block diagram of transmitter unit 200.In Fig. 2, modulator 210 modulation signals, this signal utilize first local oscillator 212 to carry out up-conversion with frequency mixer 214 subsequently, and up-conversion signal 216 utilizes amplifier 220 to amplify then and utilizes band pass filter 222 to carry out filtering.Subsequently filtering signal 224 is up-converted to required frequency, so that utilize second local oscillator 232 and frequency mixer 234 to produce RF signal 230.This RF signal 230 is afterwards by comprising for example power-amplifier stage 240 of power amplifier 252,254,256.For required RF power output is provided from transmitter unit 200, enhancer units 260 is provided after last amplifier 256, this enhancer units 260 comprises it being the boster of high output power amplifier.
Fig. 3 represents according to transceiver downlink portion 300 of the present invention.This base station transceiver downlink portion 300 comprises the Base Band Unit 310 that same signal is provided to the transmitter module 312 with Channel Elements 1320 and Channel Elements 2322.The output of Channel Elements 320,322 is offered broadband combiner 330, so that required output signal 340 to be provided.This broadband combiner 330 is used to make up two signals from these two independent channel unit 320,322.Control is from two signals of these two Channel Elementss 320,322, so that these two signals are homophases.The power output that increases 3dB is provided on the output 340 of combiner 330 ideally with combined two signals from Channel Elements 320,322.Usually, this combiner 330 comprises that two 90 degree are long and littlely is with 350,352 that this is slightly with making up so that the power output on the output 344 doubles according to Wilkinson principle homophase.
Traditionally, the broadband combiner is used to make up two signals on the different frequency that does not wherein have the homophase correlation in base station transmitter.In such a case, the decay of each subsignal experience 3dB.Opposite with the present invention shown in Figure 3, identical and on same phase place from the frequency of two signals of these two Channel Elementss 320,322.
In Fig. 3, if a Channel Elements 320 or 322 breaks down, then the power output on the output 340 will reduce 6dB.The reduction of this power output on the output 340 does not occur because have signal on the another port, causes inserting the decay of signal 3dB, and the decay of additional 3dB just occurs owing to the fact of two signals that do not make up together on the output 340.Those skilled in the art will recognize that the typical combination device/frequency divider of type described herein comprises the loss of about 0.2-0.4dB.Therefore, in whole system, must consider this loss.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that, can utilize other embodiment of the present invention except that structure shown in Figure 3.As mentioned above, Fig. 3 represents to present the independent signal to two Channel Elementss 320,322, and up-conversion is modulated these signals and amplified separately in these Channel Elementss, and makes up these signals after this in combiner 332.
Yet, those skilled in the art will recognize that, according to principle of the present invention, also can utilize system shown in Figure 4.In Fig. 4, base station 400 comprises the Base Band Unit 410 that individual signals is provided to modulating stage 418, and this modulating stage 418 comprises modulator 420.Modulator 420 provides two modulated output signals 422,424 for amplifier and upconverter level 430.Amplifier and upconverter level 430 provide channel 432, that is, amplifier and upconverter level 430 provide independently for signal 422 and 424 that amplifier and upconverter are used for each channel 432.Output with amplifier and upconverter level 430 offers combiner 440 then, and so that array output 450 to be provided, this is described in conjunction with Fig. 3 above being similar to.
Fig. 5 represents another embodiment of the present invention.Base station 500 among Fig. 5 comprises Base Band Unit 510.Base Band Unit 510 provides individual signals to modulator and upconverter level 520.After required RF frequency is modulated and up-converted to this baseband signal, this signal is divided into independent signal 522 and 524.Up-conversion signal 522 is offered amplifier 530, offer the amplifying signal 534 of combiner 540 with generation.Up-conversion signal 524 is offered amplifier 532, so that RF power signal 536 is offered combiner 540.Signal 534,536 makes up in combiner 540 subsequently, so that as above referring to the described generation output 550 of Fig. 3.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention does not utilize referring to the described embodiment of Fig. 3-5 and limits, and other embodiment is possible.The present invention provides the power output of 3dB to increase in ideal situation and needn't design complicated enhancer units.The network coverage that higher power obtains increasing and remove enhancer units design and obtain base station design cycle period faster.Also have, redundancy is provided, therefore when a transmitter broke down, peak power output reduced 6dB, remains possible on the lower power level but operate in.In addition, need not to use the very high-power RF element that requires in the amplifier unit, this also increases reliability.Because do not need the high power amplifier that requires in the enhancer units, institute is so that heat radiation.Therefore, the invention provides a kind of modular construction flexibly, can comprise that wherein additional Channel Elements so that the extra increase of power output to be provided, for example, comprises 4 Channel Elementss so that the increase of 6dB to be provided, comprise that 8 Channel Elementss are to provide the increase of 9dB.At last, the notion that provides power to increase by combination in-phase signal (on an end of side 1) can make up with diversity reception, so that always keep link balance.For example, if selective receiver sensitivity and power output performance well, then Channel Elements keeps link balance.When each Channel Elements comprised two receivers, this Channel Elements can be used as general standarized component and is used for also having enough power outputs and keeps the N of radio link balance to diversity receiver.
Fig. 6 represents the embodiment according to Channel Elements 600 of the present invention.In Fig. 6, Channel Elements 600 comprises receiver 610 and transmitter 620.Receiver utilizes received signal 630 and 632 that two-way diversity is provided, and transmitter 620 provides transmitter output 640.
Provide having of balance link 2 can improve link budget to the individual channel unit of diversity receiver.Fig. 7 represents according to the present invention by this diversity gain effect of aggregate channel unit realization and total power output effect 700.Bi-directional combination Channel Elements 720 provides+3dB diversity gain effect 722 and the total power output increase by 724 of 3dB.4 Channel Elementss can be combined as 4 to system 730, provide+the diversity gain effect of 6dB 732 and+power output of 6dB increases by 734.At last, 8 Channel Elementss can be combined as 8 to structure 740, with provide+9dB diversity gain effect 742 and+the 9dB power output increases by 744.
As mentioned above, transmitting of combination must be on same phase place and same frequency.For this reason, all Channel Elementss must obtain its frequency reference from common unit.In addition, phase place in the local oscillator of these Channel Elementss and frequency detector must be used for holding frequency and phase place is identical between Channel Elements.Cable length between homophase power combiner and the Channel Elements must have equal length in principle, so that keep phase equalization when these two signals of combination.Yet, have many methods and overcome this problem.For example, on the frequency of operation of 900 megahertzes, this radio signal has 0.3 meter wavelength and have 0.18 meter wavelength in cable in free space, suppose that this cable has the propagation constant of 60% free space.Therefore, 5 millimeters cable length difference causes 10 degree phase divisions.In order to guarantee maximum power output, these composite signals must be in the several years.Yet,, be not easy to obtain so harsh precision if there is not the self adaptation phase control.
Fig. 8 represent to be used to provide one of phase control may circuit 800 block diagram.In Fig. 8, signal is offered phase shifter 810,812, these signals utilize the power amplifier 820,822 in Channel Elements 1 and 2 to handle again.The output signal 860 of Channel Elements 1 intermediate power amplifier 820 is offered combiner 870 with the output signal 862 of Channel Elements 2 intermediate power amplifiers 822, so that required output signal 872 to be provided.Utilize circuit 880 to monitor and detect the power level of output signal 872, circuit 880 generates phase control signal 882 and controls phase shifter 810,812, so that the output power levels maximum of output signal 872.Output power levels by maximization output signal 872 makes the phase error minimum.By with homophase composite signal loop in the receiver of Channel Elements oneself, can optimize the quality that transmits.And some phase shifting parts in the transmitter chain are used to optimize these phase places.
Above the description of exemplary embodiment of the present invention be used for explanation and describe purpose, do not plan limit or limit the invention to disclosed exact form.According to top instruction, many modifications are possible with changing, and category of the present invention does not plan to utilize these specific descriptions to limit, and utilizes appending claims to limit on the contrary.
Claims (31)
1. base station transceiver comprises:
Transmitter module is used to generate N homophase down link signal, and each homophase down link signal is on same frequency and have a predetermined power level; With
Combiner is coupled to this transmitter module, is used for receiving and making up this N homophase down link signal, so that with the output power levels generation output signal greater than the power level of any single homophase down link signal.
2. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein this transmitter module comprises N Channel Elements.
3. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 2, wherein each Channel Elements among this N Channel Elements comprises modulator, upconverter and amplifier.
4. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 3 also comprises Base Band Unit, is used for generating baseband signal so that handle for each Channel Elements among this N the Channel Elements.
5. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 4, also comprise and be configured in this Base Band Unit is used to receive each baseband signal therewith between the transmitter module phase shifter and power detector, this power detector is configured on the output of this combiner, is used to measure the output power levels of output signal and by regulating the output power levels that this phase shifter maximizes output signal.
6. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein this transmitter module comprises modulating stage, up-conversion level and amplifying stage.
7. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 6 also comprises the Base Band Unit that is used to generate baseband signal, and the modulating stage that this baseband signal is offered this transmitter module is to produce modulation signal.
8. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 7, wherein this modulating stage offers the up-conversion level with this modulation signal so that up-convert to predetermined RF frequency.
9. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 8, wherein this up-conversion level comprises N upconverter, this modulation signal is divided into N modulation signal, each modulation signal among this N modulation signal is offered one of this N upconverter so that produce N RF signal with this predetermined RF frequency.
10. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 9, wherein this amplifying stage comprises N amplifier for this N RF signal, is used to generate this N homophase down link signal.
11. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 8, wherein this amplifying stage comprises N amplifier, this up-conversion level provides N RF signal with this predetermined RF frequency, and this N amplifier receives this N RF signal and utilizes this N RF signal to generate this N homophase uplink signal.
12. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 1, also comprise phase shifter and power detector, this phase shifter configuration is being used to generate the Base Band Unit of baseband signal therewith between the transmitter module, wherein this transmitter module receives this baseband signal, this power detector is configured on the output of this combiner, is used to measure the output power levels of output signal and by regulating the output power levels that this phase shifter maximizes output signal.
13. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 1 is 2 o'clock at N wherein, with 3 decibels of output power levels increase of output signal.
14. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 1 is 4 o'clock at N wherein, with 6 decibels of output power levels increase of output signal.
15. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 1 is 8 o'clock at N wherein, with 9 decibels of output power levels increase of output signal.
16. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 1 also comprises receiver.
17. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 1 also comprises a plurality of receivers, wherein by the signal acquisition uplink diversity gain of combination from each receiver.
18. base station transceiver as claimed in claim 1, wherein this uplink diversity gain provides bigger receiver sensitivity.
19. be used to increase a kind of method of base station power output, comprise:
Generate N homophase down link signal, each homophase down link signal is on same frequency and have a predetermined power level; With
Make up this N homophase down link signal so that produce output signal with output power levels greater than the power level of any one homophase down link signal among this N the homophase down link signal.
20. as the method for claim 19, wherein this generation step comprises that also generation is used to generate the baseband signal of N homophase uplink signal.
21. as the method for claim 20, also comprise the output power levels that receives this baseband signal and measure output signal, and maximize the output power levels of output signal by the phase place of regulating this baseband signal.
22. as the method for claim 19, wherein this generation step comprises that also this baseband signal of modulation is to generate modulation signal.
23., wherein this modulation signal is up-converted to predetermined RF frequency as the method for claim 19.
24., wherein this modulation signal is divided into N modulation signal, each modulation signal among this N modulation signal is carried out up-conversion, so that generate N RF signal with this predetermined RF frequency as the method for claim 23.
25. as the method for claim 24, wherein this generation step comprises that also this N RF signal of amplification is to generate N homophase down link signal.
26. as the method for claim 19, wherein this combination step also is included in N increased by 3 decibels with the output power levels of output signal at 2 o'clock.
27. as the method for claim 19, wherein this combination step also is included in N increased by 6 decibels with the output power levels of output signal at 4 o'clock.
28. as the method for claim 19, wherein this combination step also is included in N increased by 9 decibels with the output power levels of output signal at 8 o'clock.
29., also comprise and utilize receiver receiving uplink signal as the method for claim 19.
30., also comprise and utilize a plurality of receiver receiving uplink signals as the method for claim 19, wherein make up the signal of each receiver, combination provides the uplink diversity gain from the signal of each receiver.
31. as the method for claim 30, wherein this uplink diversity gain provides bigger receiver sensitivity.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US29308199A | 1999-04-16 | 1999-04-16 | |
| US09/293081 | 1999-04-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1355966A true CN1355966A (en) | 2002-06-26 |
Family
ID=23127588
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 00808924 Pending CN1355966A (en) | 1999-04-16 | 2000-04-12 | Method and apparatus for improving radio link budget for cellular base station |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1169786A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002542712A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1355966A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4455500A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000064072A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101400115B (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2011-08-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Base station and method for lowering power consumption of base station |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6614299B2 (en) | 2001-11-02 | 2003-09-02 | Nokia Corporation | Method and system for automated current balance adjustment for parallel combined amplification elements |
| WO2016168861A2 (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2016-10-20 | Bird Technologies Group, Inc. | Radio frequency power sensor having a non-directional coupler |
-
2000
- 2000-04-12 CN CN 00808924 patent/CN1355966A/en active Pending
- 2000-04-12 WO PCT/US2000/009750 patent/WO2000064072A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-04-12 JP JP2000613094A patent/JP2002542712A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-04-12 AU AU44555/00A patent/AU4455500A/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-04-12 EP EP00925940A patent/EP1169786A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101400115B (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2011-08-03 | 华为技术有限公司 | Base station and method for lowering power consumption of base station |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2000064072A1 (en) | 2000-10-26 |
| AU4455500A (en) | 2000-11-02 |
| JP2002542712A (en) | 2002-12-10 |
| EP1169786A1 (en) | 2002-01-09 |
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