CN1352797A - Reactor control system and corresponding method - Google Patents
Reactor control system and corresponding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1352797A CN1352797A CN00807968A CN00807968A CN1352797A CN 1352797 A CN1352797 A CN 1352797A CN 00807968 A CN00807968 A CN 00807968A CN 00807968 A CN00807968 A CN 00807968A CN 1352797 A CN1352797 A CN 1352797A
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- neutron
- reactor
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- absorbs
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C7/00—Control of nuclear reaction
- G21C7/06—Control of nuclear reaction by application of neutron-absorbing material, i.e. material with absorption cross-section very much in excess of reflection cross-section
- G21C7/08—Control of nuclear reaction by application of neutron-absorbing material, i.e. material with absorption cross-section very much in excess of reflection cross-section by displacement of solid control elements, e.g. control rods
- G21C7/10—Construction of control elements
- G21C7/107—Control elements adapted for pebble-bed reactors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C7/00—Control of nuclear reaction
- G21C7/28—Control of nuclear reaction by displacement of the reflector or parts thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C9/00—Emergency protection arrangements structurally associated with the reactor, e.g. safety valves provided with pressure equalisation devices
- G21C9/02—Means for effecting very rapid reduction of the reactivity factor under fault conditions, e.g. reactor fuse; Control elements having arrangements activated in an emergency
- G21C9/027—Means for effecting very rapid reduction of the reactivity factor under fault conditions, e.g. reactor fuse; Control elements having arrangements activated in an emergency by fast movement of a solid, e.g. pebbles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a control system for controlling and possibly shutting down the power of a nuclear reactor. Regulation of the control system is based on neutron absorption using mobile neutron absorbing bodies as well as weakly neutron absorbing bodies, non-absorbing bodies or reflecting bodies. Said bodies are movably positioned in the hollow spaces of the active zone of the reactor.
Description
The present invention relates to the method and the control system that are used to regulate and cut off nuclear reactor power selectively.The present invention relates to the nuclear reactor that comprises this control system in addition and relate to the neutron absorption object that is used to regulate and cuts off nuclear reactor power selectively.
Present fission-type reactor comprises the reactor region of activation.The reactor region of activation includes nuclear fuel element (for example uranium isotope, thorium isotope and/or plutonium isotope) and a kind of mitigator.Rapid neutron is emitted in nuclear fission, through mitigator rapid neutron is suppressed, and reaches energy level to impel other fuel kernel fission, and this causes emitting rapid neutron again and utilizes at energy-producing heat.
In general very generally now use two independently to cut off system at least for nuclear reactor.They are used in end nucleon chain reaction.At least a utilization in these systems can regulated in the operation in addition, that is to say the function and the functional character of conditioned reaction heap.The work of traditional cut-out system be by the material with intercept neutrons be placed on region of activation or region of activation around (for example Zhou Wei reverberator).The quantity of the absorbing agent of putting into must fully to guarantee enough fast adjusting effect and to cut off effect, for example be worked as temperature change and/or Xe when all running statuses and failure condition state
135After the decay.
If the system that will cut off also uses on regulating, these absorbing agents are not entirely to leave from its effective position when normal operation, then can improve it and recover radioactivity when continuing to leave, and that is to say and can improve fission rate.Reach the cut-out function by other absorbing agents are moved to active position, thereby chain reaction is stopped.
So-called high-temperature reactor (HTR) is obtained important meaning recently.Its name draws from the fact, because its graphite-structure has the ability to produce elevated temperature heat.The type that HTR is special is ball heap reactor or ball hill reaction heap.This reactor has been carried out a series of continuous development phase, (pilot reactor work association place is at J ü lich as AVR, Germany, the thermal power of pilot reactor is 46MW and is 850 ℃ of designs to the helium initial temperature, but tentatively runs to 1000 ℃); THTR (thorium-high-temperature reactor; Thermal power be the 750MW place at Uentrop, Germany); Perhaps MODUL-HTR (it is 200MW that the modular ball heap reactor scheme of developing in Germany has thermal power) is known.Ball heap reactor is characterised in that, when its run duration can be put into the fuel element of new sphere its region of activation and where necessary can be with old taking out from the region of activation.These features make regulating system alleviate its task load, have compensated nuclear fuel consumption by taking out absorber material.The necessary balance of regulating system is owing to temperature change, Xe in these systems
135Concentration change and similar very little reaction.
In general in cut-out system and regulating system, use rod, therein absorbing material is distributed in the metal tube.If correspondingly design ball heap region of activation, it is just much of that these rods are put into side reflector at the excellent opening part of arranging for this reason.For the purpose of cutting off also might replace absorbing agent to seal with rod with little ball, in second cut-out system of MODUL-HTR-scheme, realize in addition as this.This ball is known (KLAKs) as " little absorbing agent bead ".These KLAKs are made of the graphite that comprises boron or boron carbide.In vertical so-called KLAK-opening or KLAK-hole, KLAKs is put into.In general for KLAKs is taken out from its active position is that these are taken out in the bottom in such KLAK-opening or KLAK-hole by gravity.Then with them with in the pneumatic container that sends back to the KLAK-hole.Important difference between the feature of rod and ball is:
1.KLAKs the temperature sensitivity than rod is little.
2. rod is not only from following but also can put into from the top and also can put in different positions when version is stub, and KLAKs concentrates on the bottom of each KLAK-passage by gravity and must fill or take out downwards therefrom by gravity in order to reach than higher level, with the level that reduces to absorb.
Up at present in a lot of reactors absorber material mainly be to use the form of above-mentioned rod influence the thermal power feature so that influence power features and particularly inspection, in general for this feature is carried out polishing with desirable method inspection.This also appears among the HTR mainly is for fear of the high radioactivity of locality in graphite reactor load.In ball heap-HTR, make spent fuel increase downward concentrating.The power maximal value correspondingly generally is positioned at the first half of region of activation.Can be with the peaked variation of this power of top part and therefore the feature that produced or the production of rapid neutron are carried out polishing, under normal running (operation) conditions, be positioned near the part maximum effect position, top if be used for the absorbing agent object part of the regulating system of power adjustments.Leave release from the maximum effect position and recover radioactivity, reduce this radioactivity and cause cut-out at last and put into more absorber material.In order to utilize this feature of regulating system fully,, in general regulating system is designed to the rod operation still also for cost minimization with this control procedure.At present KLAKs only is used for second cut-out system, that is to say only to be used for cutting off fully.Yet a system has been advised in a patented claim 98/0128 in new South Africa, therein KLAKs is also used on conditioned reaction heap power and power features.
Up to the present each is the shape of rod for traditional control rod, so that around it, arrange the material such as the boron carbide of intercept neutrons, and hafnium carbide or similarly annular control object.
For example boron carbide is stable when temperature reaches at least 1600 ℃, and the metal of inner rod has lost desired pulling strengrth when temperature surpasses 650 ℃.This has caused trouble, because owing in general good reason arranges these metal bars to such an extent that be suspended on the top, so that can drop to the region of activation and absorb and suppress chain reaction and stop chain reaction selectively fully by improving neutron by gravity.The upper edge region of neutron current in the reactor region of activation in traditional ball heap reactor is maximum, because fresh fuel element ball is put into the reactor region of activation traditionally from the top, and completely or partially consume or the spent fuel ball take out from bottom.Correspondingly the mobile level of neutron reduces in reactor from the top down.Therefore be easy to arrive the advantage of region of activation from the top be particular importance to regulating system.In modern ball heap reactor during in normal operation general temperature reach 900 ℃ and under the operation troubles situation temperature of absorbing agent object can be elevated to 1200 ℃, this has surpassed the margin of to lerance of metal bar widely.
Therefore seen in regulating system and the cut-out system and the different necessity of traditional absorbing agent rod that fortune is stacked and can overcome or reduce the excellent thermo-responsive problem of tradition under the ray event of overload not losing regulating power and protective reaction.
According to the present invention first form to occur be to have arranged control method and absorbed the power that object or neutron absorption portion object cut off nuclear reactor by one or more neutron selectively, neutron is absorbed object can be placed in the cavity of reactor active area with moving, wherein will have absorb weak neutron to intercept neutrons not up to one or more other objects of reflected neutron characteristic or other part objects additionally be placed on one or more neutrons in the cavity absorb objects or-the part object in and above-mentioned object or part object and other objects or other part objects connect ground each other and/or move to the reactor region of activation, so that the neutron current that the region of activation provides is controlled by adjusting condition, this neutron from maximum is absorbed arrive minimum neutron absorption or maximum neutron reflection.
Two kinds of forms of object or part object can be moved with connecting each other rotationally.Two kinds of forms of object or part object can be used as integrated unit motion.Can be combined into unique integrated object with two.
This method can be the method for regulating ground and cutting off nuclear reactor to a certain extent selectively, how to make one or more neutrons absorption objects suffer the neutron current that produces by the reactor region of activation, carry out the neutron absorption so that can absorb object with neutron, can absorb object with neutron with this and carry out, neutron absorbs object to be had neutron sorbent surface zone and absorbs weak neutron to other surf zones of intercept neutrons and/or reflected neutron not.So neutron absorbs or does not absorb and/or the degree of neutron reflection is can be by control with the absorption extreme position of assimilate body position in the maximum that interrelates with reactor, make the surf zone of intercept neutrons suffer neutron current this moment the biglyyest, with other extreme position minimum or that do not have neutron absorption and/or neutron reflection, absorb weak neutron this moment or do not absorb or the zone of reflected neutron between, explanation.
Absorb object with neutron and can realize the inventive method, its position is to control by its rotation between two extreme positions.
It can be that opening and the zone that makes object can directly suffer the reactor region of activation that the cavity in reactor radioactive area closes on the reactor region of activation.In form of implementation of the present invention, to close on the reactor region of activation be opening to cavity therein, and the open area can be arranged to the slit form parallel with reactor region of activation axle or a series of slit or opening.So the slit can be set up a connection and be to design like this between zone, region of activation and cavity, the neutron that can block in passage in cavity absorbs object, stops the fuel sphere arrival cavity in the ball heap reactor.
It is tilting neutron can be absorbed object, so that absorb to aiming at maximum neutron by gravitational motion under energy interruption or other operation troubles situations.For example can constitute oblique helicoid with tilting, the screw thread of screw, screw rod or other and suitable additional block face acting in conjunction.Then neutron can be absorbed object remains on oblique helicoid when the reactor normal operation mode upper end.Object in the oblique helicoid top discharges automatically when current interruptions in such form of implementation.So object moves downward in the plane and revolution simultaneously, aim at maximum neutron absorption so that reach.
With absorb object and in case of necessity the position of other objects can control by device, this device is operated from the outside of reactor pressure vessel.
According to the other appearance form of the present invention is the power control system of having arranged to be used to regulate and having cut off selectively nuclear reactor, comprise that one or more neutrons absorb object or neutron absorption portion object, these cavity neutralizations that can be placed on the reactor radioactive area are connected each other ground and/or can move to the reactor region of activation with moving, so that by the neutron current that adjusting condition control can be provided by the region of activation, adjusting condition absorbs neutron absorption and/or the neutron reflection that reaches minimum from the neutron of maximum.
Other features and the invention described above method of system are similar.
The present invention relates to the nuclear reactor that comprises above-mentioned control system.Reactor can be high-temperature reactor (HTR), for example is ball heap reactor.
Arranged to be used to regulate and cut off selectively the absorption object of nuclear reactor power according to other appearance form of the present invention, nuclear reactor has the surf zone of intercept neutrons and is neutron or other surf zone intercept neutrons or reflected neutron a little less than absorbing therein.
Intercept neutrons and absorb weak neutron or not the surf zone of intercept neutrons can connect the earth's axis each other to motion.
The surf zone of intercept neutrons can not be a reflected neutron.It can be rod shape that neutron absorbs object.
In the other appearance form of the present invention, arranged graphite block or graphite brick, these suitably have been fitted together and have constituted therein the cavity of neutron absorption object with the reactor reflector group with above-mentioned new feature.Graphite block or graphite brick can be shaped and design like this, itself and reactor reflector group can be fitted together, constitute cavity therein, it is opening that cavity closes on the reactor region of activation as mentioned above.
The reactor neutralization that the present invention is applied in valuably high-temperature reactor (HTR)-type particularly is applied in the reactor, the fuel input of the partial combustion that will have or not return at an end of fresh nuclear fuel therein and should have or not have the fuel of partial combustion to take out at the opposite end of spent fuel.Then neutron being absorbed object typically is kept in the device, this device is suitable for, directly lean against or the zone near the part of reactor region of activation in play the effect of absorption maximum, fuel by reactor reaches maximum or approaching maximum neutron current power there, with playing effect minimizing or that zero neutron absorbs with the zone of region of activation adjacency, the fuel radioactivity reduces there.Therefore in the form of implementation of excellence ball heap reactor according to reactor of the present invention.
When given reactor level (with the relation of reactor region of activation), level should depend on from the absorption maximum effect to fewer absorption effect or the variation of zero absorption effect changes, and farthest depends on how fuel is inputed to reactor.Useful is, and device should directly or approach a zone of reactor region of activation or approach that reactor region of activation the first half plays maximum absorption and play in a zone to reduce or zero effect that absorbs, the region of activation power that not have poisoning there be the peak power district half or 1/3rd.Accurately some say that having zone minimizing or zero absorption starts from being not less than 1/10 of whole region of activation height above the reactor zone, ground of reactor.
If relate to reactor with multilayer fuel handling capacity, the peak power of region of activation zone generally whole region of activation height 50% and 70% between and part with device of absorption maximum effect extend downwardly into 30% of whole region of activation height above the reactor zone, ground that is lower than reactor.
If relate to reactor on the contrary with one way feeding (OTTO), the peak power of region of activation zone generally whole region of activation height 66% and 75% between, the zone that has the device of absorption maximum effect therein extends downwardly into 40% level of whole region of activation height above the reactor zone, ground that is not less than reactor.Accurately some say that the zone of the device with absorption maximum effect extends downwardly into 50% level of the whole region of activation height that is not less than on reactor zone, the ground of reactor.
The zone of having arranged to have the device of absorption maximum effect should be those zones, absorb object as the neutron of a device part there and close on the maximum area that there is neutron sorbent surface zone the reactor region of activation when the reactor normal function mode, and have device part that reduce or zero absorption effect should be those parts, and neutron absorbs object and closes on the reactor region of activation and have and absorb weak neutron or do not absorb or the maximum area of the surf zone of reflected neutron there.Certainly neutron being absorbed object aligning region of activation on the meaning of the present invention also is to control in the gyration that minimum and maximum neutron absorbs between two extreme positions by object.
The present invention has special benefit in reactor, there the energy work rate of region of activation is used for directly moving the turbine of helium turbine or other gas shape media, needs high initial temperature therein.
With the dosage or the concentration of rapid neutron, these neutrons hit on the reverberator inwall in the reactor system of newtype, bring up to surpass 1.5 * 10
22Cm
-2(EDN) numerical value.Therefore have the sidewall reflectors that runs through the polishing surface and reach 900 ℃ or higher temperature in view of above-mentioned modernized temperature, also malfunctioning before being approximately 30 years when reaching its expectation value designed life.This is that graphite stereomutation process is divided two stages because of the reason of the graphite stereomutation that is determined by radioactive ray.Cause volumetric contraction without a doubt at first stage neutron radiation.And second stage volume amplifies, and might surpass original size this moment and cause mechanical load to damage reactor.In order to alleviate or to overcome this problem, use a kind of method slaking with pointing to the inner reflector surface and the respective surfaces of graphite block or graphite brick valuably according to the present invention, this change in size of this well-known own balance, this change in size are that graphite is subjected to after relatively for a long time stronger neutron irradiation.
On the accompanying drawing basis, continue narration the present invention below without restriction.Expression in the accompanying drawings:
Accompanying drawing 1 is according to the nuclear reactor longitudinal section sketch of the modular HTR-ball heap type of the present invention's exploitation;
Accompanying drawing 2 nucleons absorb object and aim at the diagrammatic side views that maximum neutron absorbs;
The sketch of the cross section III-III of accompanying drawing 3 accompanying drawings 2, cross section represent that the neutron of accompanying drawing 2 absorbs the radiation area of object opening of reactor in the cavity that closes on the reactor region of activation;
The sketch of the partial view that accompanying drawing 4 is represented on accompanying drawing 2, absorbing its position of object with the neutron driver coupling and that be fixed on upper end, inclined screw plane is the normal functional mode of reactor;
Accompanying drawing 5 has and bears the sketch of three-dimensional portion view of a reactor part that neutron absorbs vertical cavity of object of which movement, and reverberator is that the cavity that is made of graphite block and close on the reactor region of activation is an opening therein; With
The part diagrammatic cross-sectional view of the reverberator of accompanying drawing 6 nuclear reactors, neutron absorption object is passed in the cross section therein, neutron is absorbed object can be placed in the cavity that constitutes reverberator with moving, and the cross section is the fuel element that is passed in the reactor region of activation.
In general reference number 30 in the accompanying drawings is representative application according to ball heap (ball the fuel assembly)-HTR-reactor of the MODUL-HTR-type of foregoing invention improvement and development.Reactor 30 comprises the reactor region of activation 32 of filling taper top height 34 with fuel.Reference number 36 represents surf zone within it by high purity graphite and the reverberator that is made of low-quality graphite in its perimeter.Region of activation 32 and reverberator 36 be by reactor steel container or pressure vessel 38 with cooling air for example the helium connecting pipe 40 that offers region of activation 32 be connected and be closed.Reference number 42 general proxy fuel inlets and reference number 44 are the fuel outlets by 46 controls of outlet regulating device.The following part of reverberator is represented with reference symbol 48.
Reactor 30 comprises the control system that is used to regulate and cuts off nuclear reactor power selectively.Control system comprises that neutron absorbs object 52, can be placed on it in cavity 50 that constitutes reverberator 36 with moving on the basis of accompanying drawing 2 to 4.Each neutron absorbs the surf zone 56 that object 52 has neutron sorbent surface zone 54 and reflected neutron in the form of implementation that is expressed.Neutron sorbent surface zone can be by boron carbide, and hafnium carbide or a kind of neutron absorbing material that is fit in addition constitute.The surf zone of reflected neutron can be made of the material of graphite or a kind of reflected neutron that is fit in addition.Excellent is that neutron absorption object 52 does not comprise the metallics that carries.
The neutron that absorbs object 52 by neutron absorbs or does not absorb and/or the degree of neutron reflection is to absorb object and reactor region of activation 32 interrelates at the extreme position (being illustrated on accompanying drawing 2 and 3) of absorption maximum by control, the neutron current that makes the surf zone 54 of intercept neutrons suffer reactor region of activation 32 maximums therein, with other extreme position (being illustrated on the accompanying drawing 4) minimum or that do not have neutron absorption and/or neutron reflection, make the surf zone 56 of reflected neutron suffer neutron current therein, between position control.
On behalf of driver and 52 couplings of neutron absorption object, reference number 58 object is carried out position control by gyration between two extreme position.Then driver 58 then can reach the surf zone 54,56 of intercept neutrons and reflected neutron the band of position with respect to reactor region of activation 32 with object 52 rotation in cavity 50, as desired to regulating reactor operation.
Expression is after neutron assimilate body moves downward on block screw rod 80 in accompanying drawing 2 and 3, and it is in its off-position that neutron absorbs object 52.
Under normal operation, will absorb object 52 remains on block screw rod 80 by means of electromagnetic clutch upper end in the form of implementation of narrating with the front of expression in the accompanying drawings.Act on reverse anchorage force on the block or block face 82 on other bracing or strutting arrangement or method so that, be in protection scope of the present invention with these upper ends that remains on block screw rod 80.This device disposes in order to discharge automatically when the current interruptions.
The form of implementation of on the basis of accompanying drawing 5 and 6, having represented reactor 36, therein neutron absorb object 52 in high nuclear activity zone owing to use at least one cavity 50, cavity is openings partly closing on region of activation 32, suffers neutron current consumingly.Part along cavity 50 length in the form of implementation of representing on these accompanying drawings has constituted unique longitudinal slot 74.Slit 74 is parallel to reactor region of activation axis and oppositely extends through cavity 50 from the zone, region of activation.Two mutual aspectant graphite bricks or graphite block 76 are to be shaped like this and design, at it with a part that constitutes slit 74 and cavity 50.As finding out from accompanying drawing 6, slit 74 is to be shaped like this and design, neutron is absorbed object 52 remain on the state of being booked in cavity 50, and accurately some ground say that fuel sphere 78 (if ball heap reactor) can not the arrival cavity.Distance between object 52 and reactor region of activation 32 can reach 20mm.
Form a slit on brick on accompanying drawing 5 and 6 or piece, extend on the whole vertical length of each brick or piece in this slit.(do not have expression) constitutes the graphite brick of reactor or graphite block each has discrete slit in the other form of implementation of the present invention, and then brick that vertical stacks is stamped or piece constitute a series of discrete mutually slit of arranging, and these close on definite cavity 50 is openings.
The surface 77 of the brick of aspect, region of activation or piece 76 is slakings, so that the change in size of compensation graphite after the long time suffers strong neutron irradiation.
Though not expression on accompanying drawing, for the neutron that improves the receptivity design absorbs in certain form of implementation of object, the surface configuration (for example alternately projection and the recessed zone of bellows-shaped pattern) of amplifying area is placed on the neutron sorbent surface 54 of object.
Up to the present traditional MODUL-HTR-reactor is regulated with first cut-out system of the neutron absorbing rod of metal absorbing rod and sealing and regulating system and second cut-out system, this is to use little absorption ball (KLAKs) work fully.Replace with above-mentioned control system or replenish according to first cut-out system of the present invention and regulating system and/or second cut-out system.
The following ingredient that what is claimed is above-mentioned application.
Notion " being comprised " and different grammatical modification is interpreted as " comprising " in the application of above-mentioned instructions and in claims on its free meaning, therefore is not adopt the feature of clear and definite reference and point to be included except clear and definite above-mentioned feature and point.
(with reference to the accompanying drawings) reference number of narrating in claims is in order to carry out the feature that illustrates among all digital with the excellent embodiment in claims relevant with comparalive ease, if yet when the clause of claims is not subjected to accompanying drawing to represent to limit with any method, from the context of article, can not draw tangible opposition.
Claims (28)
1. be used for regulating and cutting off selectively the method for nuclear reactor (30) power, absorb object or neutron absorption portion object (54 by means of one or more neutrons, 56), can be placed on these in cavity of cavity (50) or reactor region of activation with moving, wherein be attached in the cavity one or more neutrons absorb objects or-part object (54,56) put in one or more have absorb weak neutron to other objects that do not absorb the reflected neutron characteristic or part object (54,56), connect ground each other with above-mentioned object or part object and other object or part object and/or move with being related with reactor region of activation (32), so that the neutron current that the region of activation provides is controlled by regularization condition, make neutron current absorb neutron absorption or the maximum neutron reflection that reaches minimum from the neutron of maximum.
2. according to the method for claim 1, therein
With two types objects or part object (54,56) motion rotationally with connecting each other.
3. according to the method for claim 1 or claim 2, therein
With two types objects or part object (54,56) as integrated unit motion.
4. according to the method for claim 3, therein
Two types objects or part object (54,56) are combined into unique integrated object (52).
5. be used for regulating and cutting off selectively the method for nuclear reactor (30) power according to claim 4, suitably, as making one or more neutrons absorb the neutron current that object is produced by reactor region of activation (32), so that absorb weak neutron to not absorbing or neutron absorption object (52) intercept neutrons of other surf zones (56) of reflected neutron by having neutron sorbent surface zone (54) and having, to absorb or do not absorb the degree with neutron reflection be by control to neutron therein, the extreme position that interrelates with the reactor region of activation, the surf zone of intercept neutrons suffers neutron current the biglyyest therein, with minimum or do not have neutron to absorb and/or neutron reflection, absorb weak neutron therein or do not absorb or other extreme position of reflector space, between the position description of absorption object.
6. absorb the method that object (52) carries out according to claim 5 with neutron, therein
The position that neutron absorbs object is to control by its gyration between two extreme positions.
7. according to the method for one of claim 1 to 6, therein
The cavity (50) that closes on reactor region of activation (32) is open and makes the zone of object directly suffer the reactor region of activation.
8. according to the method for one of claim 1 to 7, therein
Neutron absorbs object (52) and is positioned on the inclined-plane, to move to automatically under the convenient energy interruption situation or during the object operation troubles on the position that maximum neutron absorbs.
9. according to the method for claim 8, therein
Neutron absorb object (52) by gravity on this inclined-plane.
10. according to the method for one of claim 1 to 9, therein
Absorb object (52) and in case of necessity the position of other objects be to control by the operating means of reactor (30) pressure vessel (38) outside.
11. be used for regulating and cutting off selectively the control system of nuclear reactor (30) power, comprise that one or more neutrons absorb object or neutron absorption portion object (54,56), these cavitys neutralizations that can be placed on cavity (50) or reactor region of activation are suitable for connecting each other ground with moving and/or move with being related with reactor region of activation (32), so that the neutron current that the region of activation provides is controlled by regularization condition, make neutron current absorb neutron absorption or the maximum neutron reflection that reaches minimum from the neutron of maximum.
12. according to the control system of claim 12, therein
With two types objects or part object (54,56) motion rotationally with connecting each other.
13. according to the control system of claim 11 or claim 12, therein
With two types objects or part object (54,56) as integrated unit motion.
14. according to the method for claim 13, therein
Two types objects or part object (54,56) are combined into unique integrated object (52).
15. be used for regulating and cutting off selectively the control system of nuclear reactor (30) power according to claim 11 to 14, suitably, how to make one or more neutrons absorb the neutron current that object is produced by reactor region of activation (32), so that intercept neutrons, comprise the surf zone (56) that has neutron sorbent surface zone (54) and have other, this absorbs weak neutron to not absorbing or reflected neutron, the degree of intercept neutrons is the extreme position that absorbs the absorption maximum that object and reactor region of activation interrelate by control therein, make the surf zone of intercept neutrons suffer neutron current therein the biglyyest, with other extreme position minimum or that do not have neutron absorption and/or neutron reflection, absorb weak neutron therein or do not absorb or reflector space, between position description.
16. comprise that according to claim 15 neutron absorbs the control system of object (52), therein
The position that neutron absorbs object is to control by its gyration between two extreme positions.
17. according to the control system of one of claim 11 to 16, therein
The cavity (50) that closes on reactor region of activation (32) is open and makes the zone of object directly suffer the reactor region of activation.
18. according to the control system of one of claim 11 to 17, therein
Neutron absorbs object (52) and is positioned on the inclined-plane, to move to automatically under the convenient energy interruption situation or during the object operation troubles on the position that maximum neutron absorbs.
19. according to the control system of claim 18, therein
Neutron absorb object (52) on the inclined-plane be move downward by gravity be turned back to this moment on the position that maximum neutron absorbs.
20. according to the control system of one of claim 11 to 19, therein
Absorb object (52) and in case of necessity the position of other objects be to control by the operating means of reactor (30) pressure vessel (38) outside.
21. according to the control system of one of claim 11 to 20, therein
The cavity (50) of the reverberator (36) of nuclear reactor mainly is arranged near its inner peripheral hardware.
22. nuclear reactor (30) comprises the control system according to one of claim 11 to 21.
23. according to the nuclear reactor (30) of claim 22, therein
Relate to a high-temperature reactor (HTR).
24. according to the nuclear reactor of claim 23, therein
Relate to a ball heap reactor.
Absorb object (52) 25. be used for regulating and cut off selectively the neutron of nuclear reactor (30) power, the surf zone (54) with intercept neutrons other surf zone (56) therein is to absorb weak neutron or do not absorb and/or reflected neutron.
26. the neutron according to claim 25 absorbs object (52), therein
Surf zone of intercept neutrons (54) and non-absorbent surf zone (56) connect the earth's axis each other to moving.
27. the neutron according to claim 25 or 26 absorbs object, the surf zone of intercept neutrons (56) is a reflected neutron therein.
28. the neutron according to one of claim 25 to 27 absorbs object (52), these are clavates therein.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA9902246A ZA992246B (en) | 1999-03-23 | 1999-03-23 | Reactor, control system and method. |
| ZA99/02246 | 1999-03-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1352797A true CN1352797A (en) | 2002-06-05 |
| CN1169160C CN1169160C (en) | 2004-09-29 |
Family
ID=25587636
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB008079684A Expired - Fee Related CN1169160C (en) | 1999-03-23 | 2000-03-21 | Reactor control system and corresponding method |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1166277A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1169160C (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000057427A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA992246B (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102725800A (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2012-10-10 | 希尔莱特有限责任公司 | Systems and methods for controlling reactivity in a nuclear fission reactor |
| US9190177B2 (en) | 2009-11-06 | 2015-11-17 | Terrapower, Llc | Systems and methods for controlling reactivity in a nuclear fission reactor |
| US9793013B2 (en) | 2009-11-06 | 2017-10-17 | Terrapower, Llc | Systems and methods for controlling reactivity in a nuclear fission reactor |
| US9852818B2 (en) | 2009-11-06 | 2017-12-26 | Terrapower, Llc | Systems and methods for controlling reactivity in a nuclear fission reactor |
| CN108475545A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2018-08-31 | 法玛通公司 | Absorption rod assembly and absorbing rod for nuclear reactor |
| CN111081394A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-28 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Reactivity control device for small nuclear reactor |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB803708A (en) * | 1955-12-30 | 1958-10-29 | Rolls Royce | Improvements in or relating to nuclear reactor control mechanisms |
| US3151032A (en) * | 1960-12-02 | 1964-09-29 | Gen Nuclear Engineering Corp | Reactor control device containing poison and fuel |
| DE3601750A1 (en) * | 1986-01-22 | 1987-07-23 | Hochtemperatur Reaktorbau Gmbh | CERAMIC INSTALLATIONS |
| DE3631018A1 (en) * | 1986-09-12 | 1988-03-24 | Hochtemperatur Reaktorbau Gmbh | Method and device for shutting down and moderating nuclear reactors with a side reflector |
-
1999
- 1999-03-23 ZA ZA9902246A patent/ZA992246B/en unknown
-
2000
- 2000-03-21 WO PCT/DE2000/000898 patent/WO2000057427A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-03-21 EP EP00925052A patent/EP1166277A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-03-21 CN CNB008079684A patent/CN1169160C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102725800A (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2012-10-10 | 希尔莱特有限责任公司 | Systems and methods for controlling reactivity in a nuclear fission reactor |
| US9190177B2 (en) | 2009-11-06 | 2015-11-17 | Terrapower, Llc | Systems and methods for controlling reactivity in a nuclear fission reactor |
| CN102725800B (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2016-06-01 | 泰拉能源有限责任公司 | For controlling the reactive system and method in nuclear reactor |
| US9793013B2 (en) | 2009-11-06 | 2017-10-17 | Terrapower, Llc | Systems and methods for controlling reactivity in a nuclear fission reactor |
| US9852818B2 (en) | 2009-11-06 | 2017-12-26 | Terrapower, Llc | Systems and methods for controlling reactivity in a nuclear fission reactor |
| CN108475545A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2018-08-31 | 法玛通公司 | Absorption rod assembly and absorbing rod for nuclear reactor |
| CN108475545B (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2021-12-31 | 法玛通公司 | Absorber rod assembly and absorber rod for nuclear reactor |
| CN111081394A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-04-28 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Reactivity control device for small nuclear reactor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1169160C (en) | 2004-09-29 |
| ZA992246B (en) | 1999-12-29 |
| WO2000057427A1 (en) | 2000-09-28 |
| EP1166277A1 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
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