CN1346556A

CN1346556A - Method and software for user interface device in 'last mile' telecommunications cabling

Info

Publication number: CN1346556A
Application number: CN99815921A
Authority: CN
Inventors: J·A·泰勒; M·D·维乔雷克
Original assignee: PHAMSIN TECHNOLOGIES Inc
Current assignee: PHAMSIN TECHNOLOGIES Inc
Priority date: 1998-11-30
Filing date: 1999-11-30
Publication date: 2002-04-24
Also published as: HK1041128A1; WO2000033494A1; BR9916150A; IL143357A0; JP2002531998A; AU2034700A; MXPA01005371A; EP1135879A1; CA2352895A1; ID30068A; KR20010112222A

Abstract

A communications system is provided which includes a regional ring with a plurality of local nodes (51), each node including at least one fiber interface device (53) and at least one Local Node interface device (59) for connection to a global electrical and fiber network. The Local Node interface device (59) connects to a user interface device (65) through a cable (67). The Local Node (51), the Local Node interface device (59) and the user interface device (65) may each accept and process signals transmitted from a wireless network.

Description

"Last mile" telecommunications cable user interface device methods and software

Cross-references to related application

The present application relates to the following U.S. applications: July 29, 1997 filed U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/054, 076; April 30, 1998 and U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/084, 200; 1998 5 March 12 filed U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 60/085, 195; and 29 July 1998 the United States submitted National Utility Model Patent Application Serial No. 09/124, 958 part continue to apply, as all of these here Reference.

Technology

The present invention relates to telecommunications cables, and more specifically relates to an external network user called "last British Where "a cable used to connect the present invention particularly relates to such a network in-routing software for new Improvements.

Background and Summary of the invention

According to the progress of communication technology existing traditional land-based communication network to make a look at the circuit causes some Interesting insights. On the one hand, the construction of today's latest long-distance communication and information infrastructure is based on the light Fiber and coding technology, it has a huge volume. On the other hand, to the end user of the "last mile" Downline local telephone service is often still installed decades traditional copper wire. Because the design of the traditional copper wire Performance failed to consider the ability of today's optical fiber, copper wire end users can not use the modern long-distance communication infrastructure Structure can provide a high bit rate. User by the user to the service provider's local downline connection limit. ...

"Last mile"

Use of telecommunication resources has been far more than a simple phone call. Voice communication message is no longer flowing through the whole Global communications network, the main types of information. Telecom users today use these resources for many other forms of Information. Computer data and video information is an example for future use. Users need to make them to the world A high bandwidth communication link, i.e., high rate digital data. The traditional links and central office (such as electricity Telephone switchboard) architecture and its cable to users not all of these data, video and other information Provide information bearing capacity.

Need a new network architecture, which provides to achieve current and future needs of the wide bandwidth to the user Path. On any such new cable systems to cope with today's users to use an electrical signal (non-optical signal) Interface Provide adequate bandwidth and end-user bandwidth usage when the device needs only a small amount of the gradual development of the attachment Plus the overhead can be the ability to convert optical signals. For now and in the near future, usually require the maximum use Household bandwidths (even for two-way communication) may still be included in the total channel capacity to provide a gigabit per second to Within the interfaces. New network connections require any local distribution node short span. Most of these electric Cable used in this type of cable systems in the one mile distance (also called "last mile") within the run Well, the vast majority (or "local offline") within a half mile run well. Links spread in this area Many domain network nodes can be used as a bidirectional fiber channel distributed this new network "backbone" chain Connected nodes. With the emergence of the digital signal transmitted on cable systems these local downline or "last English In "journey introduce new performance requirements have been involved in the prior art to very different goals. ...

For each user to install any cable system (not the cable itself) the cost is a major, and is serving Service provider network investment required the largest portion. Very much hope (if not essential) This offline New installation of the cable to provide future capacity growth. ...

Network architecture paradigm shift

Almost all over a communication network based on the "Call" or "message type" traffic, only in the "Call" Or "Call" when the user is connected to the network instantaneously. This link-based architecture and then the caller Recipient to establish an instantaneous link between the future, the communication will be based on "grouping" principle of exchange. Consumer groups Information with the address information sent to the receiver so that this message, and vice versa. All users can continue to connect To such a web. Users only when they want to choose to actively participate in and produce information "message." In this The main types of network activity is present in the data stream, the data stream occurs without user involvement and active Manner but with very high frequencies intermittently transmitted to the user and the user came from. And is now based on call through the link Letter function compared to such functions more like the power supply to the user, the difference is that such messages originated User's installation location from the user other than the user flow from different sources. This means that a new user communication process Way to accommodate the network "agent" or "avatar" functions listed in their function when needed agents or Incarnation work independently, providing information. Similarly, a user's system can be made as a result of a similar program Out information. "Passive" (ie, non-user intentionally command) function in the near future will be the completion of this network The main amount of information. ...

Almost all over a communication network based on the "Call" or "message type" traffic, only in the "Call" Or "Call" when the user is connected to the network instantaneously. This link-based architecture and then the caller Recipient to establish an instantaneous link between the future, the communication will be based on "grouping" principle of exchange. Consumer groups Information with the address information sent to the receiver so that this message, and vice versa. All users can continue to connect To such a web. Users only when they want to choose to actively participate in and produce information "message." In this The main types of network activity is present in the data stream, the data stream occurs without user involvement and active Manner but with very high frequencies intermittently transmitted to the user and the user came from. And is now based on call through the link Letter function compared to such functions more like the power supply to the user, the difference is that such messages originated User's installation location from the user other than the user flow from different sources. This means that a new user communication process Way to accommodate the network "agent" or "avatar" functions listed in their function when needed agents or Incarnation work independently, providing information. Similarly, a user's system can be made as a result of a similar program Out information. "Passive" (ie, non-user intentionally command) function in the near future will be the completion of this network The main amount of information. ...¹⁴Bits per second. After a few years is likely to have one billion users Connection networks, global information time rate may reach 1 × 10 ...¹⁹To 1 × 10²⁰Bits per second.

Although many of the world's fiber optic cable is hidden, the data rate of growth will eventually challenge. Wave Division multiplexing (WDM) the use of the optical carrier and the optical amplifiers and dispersion correction to increase the capacity of their Hundreds of times. Even so, we still need a lot of new fiber to support a much larger and more ambitious should Purposes. This is exacerbated by the network system of the basic bandwidth, the client needs. Improvements needed to meet this will Required to send and receive mode, the best way that is both sending and receiving mode, providing hundreds per second Megabit rate.

Only the last one mile cable system lines have many demands greatly affect the design of the last mile Meter and affect its cost, durability and reliability. Although they are in long-distance communication system master Dry network path between the local exchange and the majority are fiber-based systems only provide users with a limited Wide. Existing fiber path is usually only used this fiber path very small portion of the potential information bandwidth. Case As mentioned above, the 1997 technology provides many signals transmitted on a single optical fiber, and this letter Number carried in each of 10 to 20 gigabits per second chance.

Optical fiber in place now, only need to connect the terminal to achieve this result. Now, some of the "public communication Letter to the company "in their long-haul portion of the network bandwidth enhancement device that has been installed to handle their current and scoring Zoned load. In these paths, there are still considerable potential bandwidth capacity. However, there is little or There is no viable technology in the existing communication networks provided at a user terminal basic bidirectional bandwidth. More importantly, Fiber used Status: Most fiber optic installation is now hidden. That they are installed in place, but do not pass Signal. Now simply lies in the bandwidth limitations of existing and potential bandwidth of both the local long distance to whole A public method. ...

In addition, the current focus on wireless technology and computer systems together. For example, n In the proposed lifting of the wireless data communications staff in connection with their desktop computers. The combined use of Appropriate architecture is expected to become easy, at least because, as the beginning of PCS network infrastructure with all-digital Created. To this end, PCS architecture to build on existing copper or fiber to the curb on the basis of the structure, can be made Exhibition to establish a wireless local loops.

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The invention described novel cable systems and related equipment manufacturing and design systems, which are used to provide the Users connect to a wired communication network cable final system leads to provide any user to greatly Increased capacity and are available from the public communications companies diversify sex. Subject matter described here The need for the user connected to the network system, the actual physical link. ...

The present invention allows future growth. As mentioned above, install any one cable system to the last mile The cost of individual users is so important so that any new installation must consider future growth. The fiber plus Next to such a local cable provide future growth for the real choice is important. Moreover, the fiber itself Relatively low cost, to increase the initial cost only a fraction.

Therefore, in the hybrid structure enables broadband electrical and optical signal path combines excellent engineering The cable system in the rapidly developing field of communication has become especially meaningful. If all local offline So constructed, it needs to achieve, and when needed will come easy use of fiber extensions. With the advantages provided by the present invention, easy to structure such as the long-term benefit of the new network infrastructure Investments.

The present invention achieve hybrid electrical / optical signal transmission cable system discussed physical and functional telecommunications transmission Delivery requirements, the cable system has appropriate for the current and near-term demand for the foreseeable communication cable bandwidth and have Ability to adapt for the future optical fiber. In the present invention, the cable system design, based on each user connected to the You can have multiple fiber optic systems. Several fibers can be adapted to the optical fiber 16 or more in any place, Without interfering with the electrical properties of the cable system. Expected frequency signals from DC to about 1 gigahertz Or higher.

Novel cable system has two separate electrical paths, a transmit another receive. Send and receive Received signal paths have the same performance, and without interference with each other to achieve their equal signal performance. The new system architecture emphasizes conceptual maintain "four-wire" connection, that the transmit path and the receive path Apart. This architecture eliminates many of the echo return loss and the "howling" and other problems that So that the existing distribution system becomes complicated. The new cable system tries to current and future needs of the entire service. Case For example, the present invention can be adapted to the user on the Internet, digital television, high definition television ("HDTV"), multi-way Channel TV-on-demand, high-capacity digital information exchange, work from home with remote computing communication, the "agent" And "avatar" countless home and office services, automated manufacturing control, TV, "telephone", business or private Person video conferencing, high-capacity file transfer library, and search, and multi-audio "telephone" service channel. Now such a highly-anticipated number portability (eg where users go where they can carry with individual "power Phone number ") by the disclosed system uses a synchronous digital / Synchronous Optical Network (SDH / SONET) signal Make basic biological properties of a simple pie. ...

Advantageously the present invention, an exemplary structure is shown in Figure 1, which illustrates in schematic form from the local Node to the user interface. The local node 51 shown with two-way optical path from the input 53. This Local node characteristics described in more detail below. These can be easily using SDH / SONET frame Type, ATM format and other formats of optical paths or links. Furthermore, by using WDM, a single optical Fiber path can serve hundreds to thousands of downline. Shown in the figure to the other input 55 may be common for Old telephone service ("POTS") path. In addition, the power supply 57 is connected to the local node. This can be in the section Points based on battery power, or may be derived from the system of the other locations. The local node 51, the local Node Interface Device ("NID") 59 will transmit and receive channels coupled to the fiber. NID's basic Connected to the receive channel comprises an optical fiber path connected to the receiver and an optical transmission fiber path transmitter. These Each of the photovoltaic element provides several user channels (typically 16 to 32). NID can adapt to electric mode 61 can adapt to light mode 63. The client to connect similar user interface device 65 ("UID"). According to the present invention Description of an embodiment of the hybrid cable is connected between the NID63 and UID65, and where a digital 67 Tags. UID can have the computer, a television, data entry output. Also provides many of its He offline on the graph with the number of these 69 shows. ...

Figure 2 illustrates the use of the present invention may be a regional ring structure. Or from the global network backbone 411 starts, Starting point is connected to the exchange and transfer ("STP") 401. Backbone 411 is typically also allows the optical power Cable. Backbone or by such QWEST WINSTAR this company. STP401 connected to Multiple local node 51. An exemplary local node 51 '. In Figure 2, the local node 51 'is connected To multiple networks. A network for district 403. Shopping malls for another network 405. Another Network for Industrial Park 409. And a plurality of network services in the adjacent region 407. Each of these networks can pass Over cable 413 is connected to the local node 51 'on. Cable 413 may be a cable according to the invention. In the local section Point 51 'is shown a NID415. In such a network, such as the industrial park is shown a UID 417. These interface devices described in the above, and described in more detail below. ...

It should be noted that, according to Figure 2, an annular area network structure may take many forms. For example, if Cable 413 serving a house, a house in this place where we can have access to the exchange and transfer point, it will signal From the cable distribution to multiple rooms or equipment. In this case, each room can be equipped with a local mini-festival Point for which the appliances or devices. The equipment moved from one room to another room just re-set cross- Switch or jumper cables move. As described in more detail below, the node or mini node can be inserted by UID To locate the address header. In particular, for a house can be used when the type of cables described below, But as long as rarely used such as stainless steel braid shielding and strengthening of the material. In this manner, the cable Can be made tighter Qin, which is needed to use the house. ...

From the node to the user's typical distance is typically less than 2000 feet, in dense urban areas are generally less than 1000 Ft, the subject invention or a hybrid cable system allows for the use of two pairs of two electrical conductors POTS lines, which can be used simultaneously with a broadband electrical operation, of course, fiber channel is still independent of any power Mode is used. These wires can also be used with a variety of last mile to drive the signal line again Generator and means for the user terminal device may be a network device is the amount of power required, but can still be Run without disturbing the operation over POTS loop and the "battery" voltage function. By using a digital path can Better use of POTS function, through the UID numbers in a voice interface "line card" provides a Or even most of the "telephone" line. ...

Look back on the last mile cable system objectives and principles of the invention prior art analysis 4-core shielded by lead wires structures and new forms of system components, and the use of its architecture. The new The cable also easily adapt to a series of novel methods and a variety of optical fiber. The full realization of the four core principles of providing dual Independent of each other without interference with the transmission and reception of signal paths, the last mile local offline Is important. Four core cable concept itself is not new, but this solves many of its contents revealed Other factors, by improving and expanding their potential to achieve the flexibility of its structure to meet all last mile electric Cable system (including fiber optic paths) required for all other characteristics. ...

The present invention also discloses the present invention is enhanced to prevent electromagnetic interference within the cable system effectiveness of new technologies.

The only novel balanced performance superiority from the power supply and the load path revealed premise equipment, they can Easily be added to the in-line digital signal regenerator module.

Also reveals a novel wire ring structure, which enhances the performance and improve the electrical resistance EMIR Energy. Further revealed manufacture new four core group structure novel economic method also achieves excellent The precision and mechanical stability.

Also revealed a wireless port, it can be connected to the last mile of the invention the system several locations An upper. The port can be a node, NID or part of the UID. The port can be embedded in the module, This module such as CDMA or GSM wireless protocol into UID forms can be used, such as LINUX Form.

Providing software to run the apparatus of the invention. Specifically, the software can operate in particular STP and UID And their mutual action. These operations can include billing or signaling interruption.

The present invention, one or more of the details of the embodiments in the accompanying drawings and the following description is given. The invention Other features, objects and advantages of the technique from this description and drawings, and from the claims become apparent.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is the result of a two-way full bandwidth electrical or optical cable design novel path for serving multiple users The service organization block diagram of the local node. Also shown may be used for POTS service.

Figure 2 is the area communication ring network organizational chart, to the end user using the last mile connection Novel cable design.

Figure 3 is a fiber-optic interface device and the local node interface schematic block diagram of the device.

Figure 4 is a user interface device a schematic block diagram.

Figure 5 shows a four-wire conductor of annular center support a diagram, it maintains the position of the cable and the inner conductors The relative accuracy of the outer shield.

Figure 6 is a composite cable including optical components of one form of FIG.

Figure 7 is the cable in Fig 6 a schematic sectional view of a wall portion.

Figure 8 is the use of external impedance matching layer of the present invention a perspective view of a cable.

Figure 9 shows a four-core cable to achieve a balanced working conditions and the terminal device may drive a schematic Form.

Figure 10 shows a four-core cable to achieve the equilibrium of the working conditions and the terminal device may drive the other An embodiment in schematic form.

Figure 11 is a novel form of interlocking locator schematic cross-sectional view.

11 Figure 12 is extruded in the form of an unlocked view.

Figure 13 is a more detailed locator FIG.

Figure 14 illustrates the separation of the interlocking elements locators exploded view of an embodiment.

Figure 15 is a retainer of the present invention may be used as a snap lock in the form of an enlarged schematic sectional view.

Figure 16 is a four-part extrusion retainer schematic sectional view of a complete circle.

Figure 17 shows the shape of a novel annular conductor cross-sectional view showing the new conductor and is used for optical The central fiber core.

Figure 18 Figure 17 shows the annular conductor cross-sectional view of a thread.

Figure 19 illustrates a unitary tubular annular conductor ("UTAC") form, it has a surface wave function Energy, and the core part of the intermediate optical fiber and a protective layer can be accommodated.

Figure 20 shows a unitary tube of Figure 19 a schematic sectional view of an annular wire.

Figure 21 Figure 18 shows the assembly of the annular conductor cross-sectional schematic view of a single conductor.

Figure 22 is extrusion die head and the die body is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention, it can form a solid Example locator.

FIG 23 FIG 22 shows the pressure in the extrusion molding machine versus time.

Figure 24 shows a step immediately after the extrusion molding of the extrudate using the schematic arrangement processing tank.

Figure 25 shows the positioning of the present invention for forming of an alternative schematic view of the mold.

Figure 26 shows the present invention to form an embodiment of the retainer can be used in the device of Figure 25 pressure Force versus time.

Figure 27 shows an embodiment for forming the embodiment of the present invention is a flowchart of a process locator.

Figure 28 shows a SONET or SDH transport basic time division multiplexed frames in schematic form.

Figure 29 shows an embodiment of the invention embodiment twinaxial.

Figure 30 illustrates use of the present invention in one embodiment of a dual coaxial cable.

In the drawings like reference numerals refer to similar elements and tags.

Detailed description

Systems and interfaces

Referring to Figure 2, there is illustrated a local-node system, including fiber optic ring network system in the region A plurality of optical fibers, each of these optical paths can be followed ring topology, it physically from one Node along two directions, fully illustrated in Figure 2 with the area STP (switching transfer point) 401 is connected. STP and fiber optic ring network of regional backbone linked or electric, and is a non-blocking multi-channel transmission device, which Multiple users are connected to the global network, from a cable can be connected with a plurality of global network users into the non- Line to send and access to cable signal. STP also for the regional ring network and for each of its local node as well as the related UID of providing access to its working power. When the system is subjected to power, but also provide backup power. System allows A bidirectional path design, the whole with the respective transmit and receive paths. In the illustrated optical fiber bundle is at least There are two optical fibers 51 interfaces with any particular node. Figure 3 shows in more detail, optical interface device ("FID") 60 to the light receiver 61 and the optical transmitter 62 are coupled to the receiver and the transmission fiber 53. ...

As referred to herein, including at least one local node "FID" and at least one of each of the FID NID. Typically, each FID provides several NID, for example, about 16-64 NID. Demultiplexer ("DEMUX") 301 The fiber multi-channel signal into a plurality of outputs. Depends on the occurrence of a data encoding, such as Whether the data from the TDM, WDM and other coding. FID component on a node fed by one such FID A plurality of channels are shared resources. In a node in any one FID can serve from 16-32 Reaches 64 or higher than bidirectional data path, which serves 16 to 64 or more of the NID. Festival Points can contain the required number of subscribers to the service so much FID. Depends on the number of users per FID SDH transmission use multiplexing of the carrier level. For example, STS-384 (10GBs) provides 32 channels STS-12 (622Mbs), a single local node within the scope of services in their economies 3200 users, if the most After one mile spread very short. If necessary, 622Mbs line can be divided into a number of T1 or T3 lines, serve multiple Household buildings. ...

FID60 and NID63 unit on physical characteristics can be modular, a node can be designed into the chassis Appear to be necessary to accommodate a large capacity increases. Regional fiber bundle into the loop can also contain additional provisions not about Fiber optic bundle, to further extend the service users of the system. In this manner, a single node by Ring network connect more fiber bundle to increase the FID and NID unit to accommodate the user's extension. Of course, Figure 3 is a non-limiting case. Only one is shown, connect only one possible FID NID. Receive Optical / electrical serial interface 61 may be only a limited sensitivity of optical SDH broadband fiber optic receiver, because Cable generally quite short, only around local ring network. DEMUX and multiplexer ("MUX") circuit Usually obtained with the various chips for SDH or a group. For example, Vitesse Semiconductor VS8021/8022's chip set is one example of such a chip set, which can be used for rate up OC-48 fiber optic data rate, Triqnint semiconductor company can provide to 10Gbs rate operation chipset Package. ...

NID including those responsible for the physical cable to the FID, which is connected to the system, the whole network system that These units. Figure 3 shows in two separate paths. NID63 including those parts, which the serial connection Received from the DEMUX output path coupled to the cable 67 of the receive pair, and the transmission cable 67 coupled Send to a MUX circuit serial input.

NID receiver section the driver amplifier and the transmission path receiver amplifier circuit by a security hole Transvestites adjusted during system installation gives the clearest patterns and best BER (bit error rate or bit error Rate). The sending and receiving terminal to the terminal resistance is resistance matching device, the reflection at these points the Small. All drivers in the state (ie, high, low, and the conversion process by) a current source drive as the infinite impedance matching Device, the minimum reflectance at these points. In all driving state (i.e. bit high, low, and transition bits Process) current source drive as infinite impedance appear in the system. HPF and LPF help the DC component Power and signal separation activities. Balance the integrity of the cable through the drive current source drives the phase level Balance, and through the balanced input amplifier is highly suppressed in the corresponding right of any common mode signal to fill Compensation, which explained in detail below. Included in the last mile of fiber in diagram 3 or 4 are not used. In both are shown in the drawing, the fiber end can be used as future applications. ...

To achieve this, the reference to Figure 3, after the end of the cable to provide a DEMUX303/MUX305 Chip resistors. The position is exactly the signal into four core cable 67 position. Described below, from the wireless module Block 307 to the input to DEMUX / MUX. This input is used to change the number processed by the DEMUX Data. The wireless module 307 is in turn connected to a wireless antenna 309.

DEMUX / MUX need not occur in a predetermined position. For example, DEMUX / MUX in the region Ring in the node on the network itself, FID or NID location offers a fiber optic cable instead of the cable. In Figure 3, this Such systems with the corresponding element 303 'to 309' is shown, although this is different from the component unit of the Department 303-309 That they work in the optical domain, and their function is exactly similar. Of course, the optical fiber is extended to a End of household areas, all the optical system will be necessary. In this case, DEMUX / MUX Level on the UID for optical operation. Also in this case, SONET / SDH frames may be in a variety of ways Issued to the UID. Then the optical DEMUX can operate on this frame. This may be a star / bus body The network architecture is particularly advantageous. ...

In this embodiment, the basic structure can be as follows. Has been known to the user's wireless mobile units can be Connected to the cell sites, which in turn turn connected to a mobile telephone switching office. Mobile Telephone Switching Office By Lu The telephone network is connected to another mobile telephone switching office, which is in turn connected to the service in a node NID or UID of cell sites. Therefore, the cell site users can land on the telephone or send information To their UID. Users may want to have a UID this purpose specifically for their onshore phone Line. Users can call POTS input 55 selected routes. In another embodiment, the user's Calls from a mobile telephone switching office direct elections to the fiber backbone routing. However, the last embodiment Cases may require significant capital investment. For some special cases, you can use a radio device Change the UID or NID data. ...

But for elements 303'-309 'of the DEMUX / MUX layout, the frame is not part of a specific NID / UID, so I hope to which about NID / UID title is needed. In this latter embodiment You will use the title of the optical signal is sent to the appropriate FID, from its then sent to a specific desired UID. Its Operation than the previous embodiment.

This change operation requires the data to the SONET frame decoding, and determines whether the new data redundancy Or SONET frame data of the current conflict. Can determine a protocol, such as the last data sent Priority First. In such protocols, the user data priority over the SONET frame is already in the data in the conflict.

In most cases, simply add the new data already exists in the data to the SONET frame. Thus, the new data is simply attached to the SONET frame after the last data item. If necessary, you can create New frame to process additional data.

It should be noted, as shown in Figure 3 embodiment shows FID60 connected to the wireless link. Of course, As described herein, or the known professional personnel familiar with, and the other embodiments may also be used. For example, no Wireless link can be reflected in their own ring network in areas not connected to any particular node on a point On. Such links can serve the entire region ring network. If the wireless signal reaches the area ring network, The part of the DEMUX processing you need to add additional titles to be issued after the change to the appropriate SONET frame When the node. An advantage of this embodiment, the radio link can be placed at a certain distance from the nearest node, including Including a height. In a further embodiment, the wireless link by the appropriate signal is sent by the STP to another A ring network and the service area to another area ring network. ...

In the above variation of the embodiment, the number of radio links can be used, which through standard wireless - Shift Mobile telephone switching office - wireless architecture implemented separately can communicate with each other. For example, the wireless transmitter / received Receiver may be located on each of the building blocks of. Each building can serve a local node, it can be Includes several adjacent buildings. The wireless signal can be used in the construction of a wireless link between the transmission of information. Alternatively, these buildings can be used, such as fiber-optic cable or via a separate area ring networks together. Building by microwave or RF radio link can also be placed in communication with each other, and when a building information received , This information can be inherently assigned to areas serviced by the same ring network architecture of the UID or NID. May be CDMA, TDMA or GSM in the form of information is converted to a ring network architectures (such as SONET) protocol can understand the language, and along the regional ring network transmission. You can use the other system packages Including ATM, IP V6, W-CDMA, etc.. STP can be obtained through the return path. This method has the advantage of Less expensive and provide high bandwidth return path. Be appreciated that the embodiments may be used in a similar Architecture, in which the building is not via a wireless link, but by broadband microwave communications, cable, or Regional ring network link. You can also use symmetrical broadband network. ...

In yet another embodiment, to the central antenna provides a satellite downlink. The central antenna can be served Works in multiple communities. Each communication has a sub-antenna, which receives signals from the central antenna. Central antenna and The communication link between the antennas can be such as microwave links, RF radio link, or other similar Link, and then each sub-antenna is connected to the STP or it serves an area of the other parts of the ring network Points. This is especially economically feasible because the current wireless company they built towers in the number of parties Surface without restriction. Regional ring network can then connect several local node, they are also connected by a cable to the Each user, and the cable is an aspect of the present invention. Here this structure called the "convergence of radio Cable. " ...

Converged wireless cable a particularly strong implementation is passed HDTV. Now the cable company can not pass Delivery HDTV. However, the above reveal a central antenna and the sub antenna cable of the invention can be combined with sufficient The bandwidth conveniently obtained so easily from the satellite or other sources HDTV. HDTV or assignment Other cable system method is by the use of microwave multipoint distribution or the system ("MMDS"), it is also Is public knowledge multichannel multipoint distribution services. The system enables the microwave emission from a single launch point to multiple receiving points Distribution cables. These systems work in as 2.3GHz. This is revealed by using the cable can be put WITHOUT compression for HDTV. Be appreciated that other techniques, such as LMDS (rate up to 28GHz) Also be used, although the MMDS is considered relative to the weather and other effects more reliable. For the case of LMDS, Frequency conversion to the ground useful FM (frequency modulation) is implicit in the 28GHz range to prevent the signal line of sight requirement. This transfer is currently being considered for the higher frequencies such as 38GHz, is particularly important. In these systems, All around the region to support channel ring network ring cycle, but only one at a time from the cable next delivery To the user. The appropriate charging information periodically upward transmission via cable, allows the user to their HDTV pay, if desired, through a billing agency to watch. Of course, the present invention is a cable system allows the Up and down the whole way communication. The FCC regulates the current open for such two-way communication path, And the present invention is a cable system can be advantageously used to provide high bandwidth, this margin of the return path. ...

About billing issues, noted that the present invention can provide excellent billing capabilities in the industry is now clearly Is lacking. Two-way communication allows for easy use on about, such as electricity, wireless costs, pay TV use, Download music or games such as routing information. Especially through a variety of interfaces and interface cards can be used with Maintaining user interface device via a variety of interfaces and interface card to the use of each device tracking. Meter Fees or billing databases can be located in STP, the local node, etc.. For example, the meter is located in the same house Kind of way, the billing database can be located UID. Alternatively, the accounting database can be located above the STP, the Regional or central location. In addition to billing, other important information can be sent up, including a power outage or Service request, subscribers and market data viewing, viewing advertisements. When it comes to market data More important personal information can be encoded. ...

An exemplary flow of the conversion process is shown in Figure 3a. Step 302 shows the signal received from the satellite. This Information such as an HDTV signal. In addition, up from some other transmission antenna reception signals (step Step 304), the signal received at the central antenna (step 306). Then the signal through such MMDS or LMDA such a system to re-broadcast antennas (step 308). These sub-antennas receive a letter rebroadcast Number (step 310), the signal is DEMUX processing (step 312). The signal is then converted into a form suitable ring Around the area of the ring network transmission frame (step 314). In Figure 3a shows a SONET / SDH frames, although Will recognize that other formats may be used. The data format is as light or electricity. Then the frame around the Regional ring network transmitter (step 316). ...

Back to the structure of Figure 3. SONET frame after the change in the data stream before it can be transmitted to the first by MUX processing. In the following embodiments, the data is processed by the DEMUX later changed by the UID, And no longer need to MUX processing.

In this embodiment, the data at the UID or near the UID is changed. Shown in Figure 4 UID. In this figure, the cable 67 shown in FIG 3 in the same cable 67. Bidirectional path envisaged for each sample 622 SDH signal is similar to the bitstream. Of course, other types of signals can be used, the professionals Member knows that. Processing of the cable to receive and transmit path circuit functions similar to Figure 3 way Operation. Operation of those elements are similar to DEMUX 172 and MUX unit 171 and a

buffer

71,72. The DEMUX / MUX unit similar to that shown in Figure 3 in the more high-speed circuit mode operating Work, but at lower speed bit stream a single user-622Mbs operate. Their role is to SDH Frame is allocated to the appropriate cell specified by the system design features. Shown in Figure 4, such a number of possible Distributions typical choice, involving a video interface, an Internet connection, and the included wireless or wired communication More optional communication interfaces. UID controller 173 may be a microprocessor or a computer. UID Controller 173 can also be sent to the software titles into mini node or nodes attached to various devices Signal. Similarly, the title can also be sent to the NID UID put up and the FID signal, means This signal should be sent out, and to which the nature of the signal. ...

Users have two video path. Each of which may be a baseband video or as a suitable connection to the existing TV The received RF signal is used. These outputs can be used normally jacks on the TV or TV RG-59 Cable connector. Of course, in order to receive analog TV digital UID need a video interface 81 (Figure 4), which can be applied to digital to analog converter 82. Converter 82 can be a single line card. This feature Specified data rate digital channel capacity can be used in any desired level; but this system Each of approximately 100Mbs be optimal, allowing a very high-resolution video transmission. Multifunction Tuning The module can also be used as plus, because it allows tuning to a variety of digital TV format, in By issuing a system like the program source and the desired program instructions to program selection network. Other In addition, the program also allows the user to specify the source to be broadcast duration. This directive through simple key Board input system in a transmit interface to send. If you wish to only receive broadcast-type video transmission, the user Simply enter the desired program channel number. This operation is called TV-on-demand like that. Figure 2 STP is a point system, where the implementation of these exchanges and select functions. This system allows a number of services Provider through the system provides the content they want to offer. The number of possible options for the number of possible addresses As large. ...

The interface may be a mechanical connection such as 1394 serial bus standard computer formats. Digital Road Addressed to the trail system to connect Internet service provider (ISP). SDH-based format through phase Extends to a wide range of information sources to achieve this, it can at any point in the global network and information source on Letters, regardless of how the distance, because the digital format does not have any increases with the distance a large degree of change Bad.

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Shown in Figure 4, also a wireless path. In the path is shown via an optional wireless electronic UID 407 is coupled to the system controller 173 of a wireless transmitter / receiver 405. Then, the wireless Transmitter / receiver 405 is coupled to an antenna 409 of the appropriate type. You can see, the wireless transmitter / receiver 405 can also be placed elsewhere in the system. For example, the wireless transmitter / receiver 405 can be placed on the table 411 or 411 to the position shown in 'position. That is, the wireless transmitter / receiver 405 is a positioning requirements To place it can affect the part of the circuit where the data.

Using a wireless transmitter / receiver as a cellular phone user can influence this wireless connection UID. For example, a user via a wireless link through their contacts with the UID to open a home cellular phone Appliances.

In the wireless transmitter / receiver 405 in the position shown in Figure 4, the signal is decomposed into different physical Before the signal path in DEMUX171 circuit at a point downstream user can influence or change the number of Data. Depending on the type of signal, data changes similar to Figure 3 and described above in conjunction with this. In some cases, the signal reaches the respective occur before DEMUX171 DEMUX / MUX steps.

At position 411, the radio link affects only the video interface, so this location is only limited applications. At position 411 ', the radio link can affect Optionally interfaces, Internet access, and the telephone line. In addition, changing the After re-transmitted data can be advantageously to the transmission circuit.

Wireless electronic circuit 407 is used from the wireless transmitter / receiver 405 for additional signal processing. For example, many current systems use a cellular system called Code Division Multiple Access ("CDMA") in a form of digital Cellular telephone service. CDMA is a spread spectrum technology, it is of code allocation to all speech bits, the empty Sent scrambling the encoded speech transmission, and then the speech to its original format scrambler. This technology provides the spectrum Very feasible and effective to use.

Therefore, the wireless electronic circuit 407 may be a dedicated radio port, it uses in software, hardware, Firmware, or combination of the three algorithms implemented to accommodate a CDMA protocol to send a signal, and allow this Signal is translated into the UID software language. For example, UID a possible language LINUX, and radio Sub-circuit 407 can translate to the CDMA example LINUX. Of course, the software then also able to signal translation To the transmission standards, such as return to CDMA, for a variety of purposes, such as for checking the received signal UID. In addition, the plug-in modules can be replaced to accommodate different types of wireless standards or updates.

In Figure 3 and Figure 4 embodiment noted the radio, satellite radio communication can be applied. In other words, The same procedures and methods can be applied, except that the transmission is concurrent to the satellite from the satellite to go.

In each of these embodiments also noted, may provide a "open industry standard end Mouth. "For example, the socket or standard interface protocols can be used for connection to the controller 173. Such standards Port structure consistent with the user's needs change. But once the standard port identified, any Level of control can be used. For example, the control level can be an optional interface device from a simple electrical control to the UID for each device connected to automatic control. A possible open-industry standard port can be beneficial Use of Firewirt (firmware), as 125sec standard Firewire, it advantageously has the same SONET Sample time base. This feature allows the UID can start addressing the video, which allows users with UID between Interactions. ...

Software Considerations

Software may reside in the system to run the various functions of each component. Of course, the software can be implemented in hardware, Firmware, microcode, or a variety of other media known to achieve.

Software features include at least the following items.

Wireless signal to the SONET / SDH conversion

More detail in this regard in the following sections discuss the STP function, because this function can be advantageously STP happen. However, also noted, UID software can also use these features. For example, if a Dedicated wireless port is located UID, the software may provide some or all of the UID from the wireless mode to the language Conversion, UID language such as C⁺⁺Or other such language conversion, depending on the control processor UID.

Signal transmission within the local node

The signal transmission of the user interface apparatus

A user interface device needs to receive the signal transmitted from the cable to the various input / output devices of the soft Pieces. User interface device software from the various input / output devices added to the received signal to the cable And further to the local node. A major advantage of the present invention, high-bandwidth two-way communication path. Accordingly, Control Services software must include various input / output devices of the various interface cards set of drivers. This These drivers must be replaced and updated.

UID software executed by the signal flow diagram shown in Figure 4a. Achieve a simulation by the STP Systems. In Figure 4a is shown a cable 602 to the receiver 604 and a transmitter 606 output. Communication processor 608 controls the receiver 604 and transmitter 606. Communications processor 608 keeps the line active, Perform certain frame error correction, and performs synchronization. Memory 610 service in the communications processor 608, and Allowed to modify their agreements. From the receiver 604 is fed to a data buffer 612. To clear the interface after Surface data, providing a detector 614 and exporting clock 616. Exported by the network clock line driver. Clear data is then processed by the DEMUX618 for demultiplexing and distributed by processor 620 for distribution. Distributed Control of the processor 620 from the common interface 622 to the command control signal distribution. This common interface 622 UID can be combined with the above-mentioned controller 173 is an open industry standard ports, compared with generalized Unique user instructions may be stored in memory 624, a service assignment processor 620, and a bus control 626 may transmit the signal to the interface card, etc. 628,630,632. The sending side, providing a buffer Punch 634 and a multiplexer 636, when the cable 620 before sending it to prepare data. Also available An error correction circuit 638. For each of the different interface cards provide a number of generic drivers. ...

STP may periodically ask UID, in order to ensure that they work properly. If not, can produce A service alert. In addition, the communication between the STP and UID can allow data transfer between Seems to have lost Buben record keeping or maintaining functionality.

Will address attached to the outgoing packet

UID of the software to fundamentally eliminate the current ISP function. Software titles added to outgoing packets , The upcoming one packet all necessary routing information is sent to a recipient via the Internet. In other words, UID is so ready message, so that the message in such a state, the router processing To the desired address without the need for further processing. To provide this information. Address not need to add, modify, or less. Title can also include time stamp and the sender's address. In this way, used in the SDH Concept of freedom to the end user is available. In particular, the frames will be available to users. Thus, the system class Similar to today's utility services. No queuing. User UID seen directly from the distribution network, rather than being This separated the ISP. ...

The effect may be a UID these titles such as SONET header, TCP / IP header and UID standard Title, placed in front of the payload, so in order that it can be sent to its intended recipient of a packet into the unnecessary Step changes. For room appliances such as switching between this sub-UID feature, the title to put these commands cause In the payload, called "sub-heading."

The effect may be a UID these titles such as SONET header, TCP / IP header and UID standard Title, placed in front of the payload, so in order that it can be sent to its intended recipient of a packet into the unnecessary Step changes. For room appliances such as switching between this sub-UID feature, the title to put these commands cause In the payload, called "sub-heading."...

As mentioned above, done by software billing and accounting functions. These include any or all of the view, as attached to the Any or all of the devices of the UID, to obtain various parameters, including energy use, the time consumption. For example, In the case of pay to watch TV, the software allows five minutes pre-watching. If so the viewer to keep this channel over 5 minutes, or after the end of the pre-stage look back to this channel, the software can be credited to the accounts of the viewer by Side, by the predetermined number of lines. But these billing and accounting functions not occur on the UID. They can be made Born in the STP, the local node, or a combination thereof.

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STP software features

UID on the local node or by the level of software offers many features that can be embedded in a soft STP Parts, for example, you can use the software on the STP put out the title of the address data or frame to identify These packages, district ring network. In this sense, the role of the STP if the time ISP.

For the data transmitted in the opposite direction, choose routing software can also be applied around the region will ring network data frame Sent. For redundancy, may surround the area in the opposite direction ring network sends two identical frames. A Frame to achieve the desired local node. Another can go back to the STP. Then copy the STP dismantle this message To prevent it sent to other places. The copied message is received in the local node, and is allowed to send to the UID case, this software can remove the two UID incoming messages in one.

Also noted by the STP frames are redundant replication software monitors to detect optical path is disconnected. If This disconnect is detected, the service automatically sends a warning to the service provider.

In STP connected to the central antenna or sub-antennas, as used in the above case, STP software can also be To use the input signal to a radio or satellite frame or other formats, such as IP protocol. For example, the Frames may be SONET / SDH frames, or use the ATM format. When a frame is sent back from the regional ring network To the wireless domain, STP software can also be completed by a reverse conversion. In this case, STP software can put a Wireless or other titles on the wireless data used by the wireless communication protocols needed title. In Another embodiment, the various types of wireless signals broadcast by a STP instead of only one signal Type. These can include CDPD, wireless IP, or other protocols listed in this article, or other types of Like protocol. ...

Signal considerations and performance requirements

For according to one embodiment of the present invention downline network of local cable systems, certain key performance requirements Is important. On even the longest optical path of the local assembly line transmission loss is very small. Few other factors that could Affect the optical signal, and less weather, water, or ubiquitous squirrels physical damage (it seems like squirrels Bite the cable). However, the use of broadband cable mode, the most important performance depends power limit For the three major cable system signal degradation factor solution is much better:

1) Special cable system at the highest frequency transmission loss and latency characteristics (HFTL)

2) shielded cable system signal path against electromagnetic interference (EMIR)

3) between the transmit and receive paths crosstalk (XTLK)

Engineering work in the prior art, the electrical communication cable system has been a major breakthrough in as possible due to Wide bandwidth can be obtained on a low transmission loss. On the need for a very low transmission loss is caused from analog mode , Which dominates the transmission method that past information. When analog signals after a few miles in the distance of each Power loss after repeatedly enlarged, reduced signal to noise ratio. The greater the distance, through the device, the more Crosstalk and interference noise into the signal the greater the likelihood. With the development of modern signal theory, digital The advantages of signal transmission becomes clear. New understanding and become a digital error correction code may revolutionize Communication system design. Result, the use of hardware technology to quickly change radically. For example, in In 1997 virtually all of the communication channel using digital technology, at least in their office and a long path Partly because of this distance. In analog communications era, the main consideration is the deterioration of signal to noise ratio and other noise (loss True and crosstalk) increases as the signal transmission distance. Essentially modern digital systems do not have this way Deterioration, even when faced with challenges from around the world as well. Once in the digital domain, the electric Transmission cable system requirements to determine the rules of fundamental change. ...

1) the system the size of the internal noise energy, and

2) deterioration of signal energy and the other two energy, EMTR and XTLK ratio.

Easy correction even at a substantial loss or high-frequency roll-off and the delay shift, which is quite stable Or change slowly over time. Some of these issues through the adaptive equalization system response to g Clothing. Thus, even if a large bandwidth signal at a moderate loss of the cable can be transmitted on the system. Adaptive equalizers or Other matched filtering and signal correction (Amatched Filter @ signal corrector) is such as to feed Telephone communication line data modem this most personal computer equipped with a modern signal terminal Points. Because virtually all the new system in any communication in digital format, the information, signal information Reliable processing of reducing the detection and identification by the signal point region is "1" and "0" of the equipment capacity. If the letter Number only by noise, beat, interference and / crosstalk modest deterioration or loss of the signal level high frequency response The defect can be overcome. In this signal detector is fully binary digital signal can be reproduced, as long as the transmission Crosstalk noise occurs on the path at the peak can be restored to their much higher levels. Thus, signal to noise ratio (S / N) For any new "last mile" cable system technical specifications first and most important part. The S / N Cable system performance is mainly anti-electromagnetic interference (EMIR) and the cable systems of the sending and receiving link Crosstalk between (XTLK) Min. The present invention is novel discusses four core structures of the needs of these factors, Before regeneration is required to allow the signal run length considerable. Modern integrated circuit technology allows such equipment Done sufficiently small and relatively low cost, so that they can be placed almost larger than the cable diameter container to the electrical Cable in. Using this technique the system disclosed in today's networks face changes in the performance in noisy environments Providing substantially the limit. ...

The actual size of the signal power as discussed below, not as a serious obstacle. In order to get a good estimate The communication system of the signal or analog electrical signal power need size, the first to be considered Factors make the system have internal noise minimization. At the receiver input exceeds the thermal noise can not be reduced Internal noise power setting sound system noise level at any lower limit. This measurement can be independently Operating bandwidth of the system in the form of "equivalent input noise temperature map" to represent. Quantify this parameter as well The method of one first temperature is measured from a known thermal resistance applied to the input side of the system noise energy input Out, then the input is connected to the second measurement to a known temperature much colder (electric equivalent) resistance. The two Final ratio of output power with the hot and cold resistance of the power source noise ratio compared to the known, allowing Applicable local computation made by the system of internal noise. Each of two test resistor thermal noise power is proportional to On their absolute temperature. Thermal noise power is 4KT, where K is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the Kelvin Absolute temperature. Known heat / cold source ratio, the power ratio between the difference and the difference in the measured system output The system is much noise to the signal input excellent accurate measurements. When such observation, a typical Based broadband power system will have a "noise floor", which is far below a value that is higher than room temperature Degree of source resistance 10dB. ...

Bandwidth can be 1 gigahertz.

Therefore, the power can be calculated as follows: the total noise power is the Noise Figure, EMIR feedthrough and XTLK sum. Set the value of the example above the thermal noise of 20dB. Ambient thermal noise (4KT) about each Hz band Width of 1.65 × 10^-20W, it is hypothesized that the increased noise in the +20 dB 100-fold, and because the system bandwidth further Increases, so the total cost of the system input noise power becomes 1.65 × 10^-20×10 ²×10 ⁹＝1.65× 10 ^-9Watts. To 50dB S / N, signal power necessary to improve this value 50dB (10⁵X = 1.65 × 10^-4Watt's letter No power), therefore the desired signal power is only a very modest 0.165 mW (-7.8dBm).

Even assuming XTLK EMIR and has a much larger level, such as higher than the actual noise floor +30 DB (instead of just 10dB), the system still requires only very little signal power is +12 dBm, or approximately 16 Milliwatts. Relatively large, but still moderate power levels will require only 1.3V signal through the cable of the invention The nominal impedance of the electrical transmission system (about 100 ohms). The number of older analog sound frequencies for offline power Energy level of the road compared to a lower power per unit frequency band, as a class, which has much less The system power efficiency. Old analogue system is commonly used 10000 Hz Bandwidth-8dBm signal power (approximately 0.16 MW) operating standards. If this low power efficiency for the above example 1 gigahertz bandwidth of the signal Power demand will jump to +42 dBm, or about 16 watts (16 nanograms per hertz watts of power density). Even if the noise Examples of large digital systems (+30 dB Interference) is 1000 times greater than the effective use of the signal power, (Only 16 pico watts per hertz) These cable system cable system does not consider any loss or any Frequency response transfer. Such losses and the transfer will occur, and can raise the level of the signal transmitter and Frequency response and the response of the receiving system with increased balance correction to compensate insufficient easily. If, as is usually The most direct losses and high frequency roll-off is deteriorating working on EMIR and XTLK, then those who Element has no effect on S / N so much. In practical systems this method is very good. In the previous example, the use of Very conservative 50dB S / N, and is not considered sufficient in generating low signal from the deterioration of the error correction coding An extremely important role. By the world's most often used in digital communication systems and SONET or SDH systems almost no error correction coding such a good S / N, in most any application for Common errors 30dB sufficient. With enhanced digital signal regenerator use, because the amount of signal Regenerator performance can be designed to be very high. In any good system design, noise immunity will be the primary To limitations in these examples was adjusted to have a lot of room to any actual system requirements. For "the last one Mile "problem is the larger cable systems and XTLK EMIR impact that good design must effectively be considered, It is from this type of signal degradation, outside the existing telephone equipment ("copper pair" cable) developed its deadly From the limitations mentioned above discarded. The older cable systems and EMIR problems due XTLK Multiple users can not provide sufficient broadband signal. ...

If the cable design of the insulating material is preferably less than 1 gigahertz frequency range Modern plastic material selected, small diameter cables HFTL mainly by the loss of control cable conductors, The latter is mainly conductor at high frequencies in the "skin effect" results.

Skin effect in the profession are known in the art. The wire from the (or in) the alternating current flow induced Ming Was much higher than the impedance of the conductor DC resistance. As described in the equation shows that, for frequencies above with such Diameter of the wire a reverse correlation value, the effect becomes large. It seems when using the frequency increases, So that the current in the wire surface is increasingly shallow depth flow. Leads to a large size, even in the mains frequency Rate (50Hz), this effect is obvious. From the 19th century and the first study began, because the cross- Stream electrical transmission cable system found unexpectedly high losses. In smaller wires in the megahertz range, Skin effect becomes very large. In the normal conductor material (such as copper) is smaller than the main current is only in thousandths The surface layer of a few inches runoff. Proportional to the current thickness of about the inverse square root of frequency, so the use of Increased frequency of 100 times the depth of the opposite surface is reduced to one tenth. "Surface depth" that is a current Total current value becomes 1 / e (about 37%), the depth. The non-magnetic copper wire material (relative permeability = 1), Calculate the surface depth is a common engineering formulas: d = 2.6 ...^*Skin effect in the profession are known in the art. The wire from the (or in) the alternating current flow induced Ming Was much higher than the impedance of the conductor DC resistance. As described in the equation shows that, for frequencies above with such Diameter of the wire a reverse correlation value, the effect becomes large. It seems when using the frequency increases, So that the current in the wire surface is increasingly shallow depth flow. Leads to a large size, even in the mains frequency Rate (50Hz), this effect is obvious. From the 19th century and the first study began, because the cross- Stream electrical transmission cable system found unexpectedly high losses. In smaller wires in the megahertz range, Skin effect becomes very large. In the normal conductor material (such as copper) is smaller than the main current is only in thousandths The surface layer of a few inches runoff. Proportional to the current thickness of about the inverse square root of frequency, so the use of Increased frequency of 100 times the depth of the opposite surface is reduced to one tenth. "Surface depth" that is a current Total current value becomes 1 / e (about 37%), the depth. The non-magnetic copper wire material (relative permeability = 1), Calculate the surface depth is a common engineering formulas: d = 2.6 ...

F d

@ lMHz 2.6 mils

@ 10MHz 0.822 mil

@ 100MHz 0.26 mils

@ 1GHz 0.082 mil

Skin effect has to be analyzed in various ways, but the prior art there is an important group of The defects. They lack the causal basis, when considering an alternating fast start from zero current state Will fail. A different approach (certain aspects of the present invention depends on this) starts at the skin effect for Electromagnetic energy transmitted from the high-transfer medium to the wire in the process to consider. In order to conduct the initial current must Spread to the wire.

Therefore, the skin effect must be considered as the needs of the wave propagation due process, rather than to be steady The concept of frequency inference phenomenon which is difficult, especially in the cable signal propagation (a skin effect Reviews reference is: HBGCasimi and J.Ubbink at The Philips Technical Review, 1967, V01.28, nos.9.10. And 12 of the three-part article).

In the radio communication cable systems, the energy flowing through the cable in the cable space is a guide on the boundary of the space Body. It would appear that the wire is like a mirror rather than as energy conductor. When the present invention is described in detail below the electrical Cable system architecture, this view will be more fully described. Due to mechanical reasons, in the cable space will Must fill in some of the insulating material. The substances on the flow of electromagnetic energy dissipation must also be no impedance or dry Interference effects, or loss of energy will produce energy or time dispersion. The insulating material (such as dielectric Mass) can have a high frequency loss, many materials also do so. For example, microwave heating and cooking relies on such losses Tone. Some modern plastic material can be obtained, they are here, the range of interest (less than 1 MHz) No Large losses. Such heat can be obtained to allow economical manufacturing method for plastic and has a sufficiently low dielectric insulating Loss of body, so that the loss is mainly in the path diagram wire unit results in resistive losses. ...

Skin effect in a very small impedance of the efforts, it has been reassigned to a current use of many small wires Technology. By using a large total surface area is possible to maintain a high-frequency current conducting solid Actual loss level. Efforts to implement this principle, through the development of "twisted wire (Litz wire)" and other similar Attempts to explain, these attempts is to many small strands each other to form a composite conductor or edge Cable. Although the development of this cable is not completely satisfied with the process began, more than one strand adjacent to another Each conductor of the AC magnetic field caused by the adjacent wire induces a "vortex" and therefore from the closest Multi-strand region adjacent each of the current-wire transfer. This "proximity effect" significantly increases the cross Flow impedance, so that at sufficiently high frequencies, Litz structure has the advantage of completely reversed, with the diameter of the total Near worse than solid conductors. In other words, a given "Litz" structure at some frequency range Shows the improved, but the improvement in the center of the range of multiple frequencies, than the same standard Litz cable DC Conduction resistance of a single solid wire worse. Separated by a mutually insulated wire made annular (tubular) conductors in Conductive material at a high frequency loss minimization. But the composition of its neighboring wires still shows some of the proximity effect. In order to overcome this neighborhood problem, use wire transposition, so there is a concave or corrugated Like, to block adjacent to each other. This solution in a limited frequency range have some significance. To wide The wavelength range needs to be a better way. When the frequency of a megahertz range of hundreds or thousands, a guide Wire line and another adjacent a limitation. ...

Two separate cables can be used to reduce the transmit and receive paths between XTLK, as long as each -Path shielding is sufficient to prevent the interaction. This brings XTLK therefore the responsibility back to the shield. Shielded Can never be perfect, and if the high shielding attenuation is a goal still needs to be more practical limit Heavier and more rigid structures. With two cables, this need to face pairings. Along with the total cost and weight Significantly increases the flexibility of machine down. The present invention will be two electrical paths on the same cable system System in (in the same shield being) method to avoid this problem. New ways through the improvement of the present invention novel Four core structure symmetry and help around the "class shield" structure of the novel role of shielding the cable system (EMIR) prevention and XTLK unified. Therefore, the role of shielding is maintained in the introduction EMIR Satisfactory level, thanks to the system disclosed in the four core structure of the two paths being developed into a real Deposit formation balance, particularly preferably suppressed to import energy. Novel jacketed cables are provided penetration field Uniformity. ...

Above has been proved by the present invention features a novel cable S / N, XTLK and to place EMIR Management was particularly good, which is detailed below. The digital signal, the another parameter known professional improved system System performance. The digital signal, it may not become large in deteriorating the reliability of data transfer to disrupt Transmission cable at a certain distance of the signal reproduction. This is not a simple binary or zero (NRZ) data particularly Favorable. Because the signal power has been shown, where only moderate size of the power, S / N can be very heavy To. NRZ binary or generate common data errors can tolerate moderate amount of noise. One could therefore Put signal regenerator, making it the entrance to accurately read the so-called signal "eye" in the center. In order to avoid Long runs of 0 or 1, in which the detector system in the SDH / SONET line code used by the system (Line code), as B3ZS, easily allows to recover a clock signal, which further improve the digital Signal detection reliability. Length of the cable is placed on a certain distance of this signal regenerator system is fully re- Birth to a decreased signal to restore a large signal to noise ratio. Start at that point and a high signal attenuation Much more energy and will increase the signal level in the system away from the noise and crosstalk (XTLK) levels. Can Using this signal regeneration solution because, for only 20 to 30dB than the S / N, in the actual system fault Error becomes negligible. This capability can be used in two transmission effectively remove most of the cable length Any deterioration of the signal, where the signal deterioration can be small, as for the "clean" New reproduction Signal energy required is very easy to get. ...

The designer can choose to do this restore point. IC for professionals are well known and available to appropriate Together in the considered signal speed performance. This device includes a differential-mode threshold value to trigger detector (with Some useful tape) and the threshold is determined clock positioned to the so-called "eye center" Sync. Use Each of the two paths of the two-regenerator system can be installed in a small enclosure, even considering prevention Its static electricity and electric discharges. The casing can be placed more than the cable itself is hardly added to the small box Last Mile cable, allowing the reproducing operation is repeated to achieve long cable wires can be easily DC power required for transmission, for such signal regenerator system modules. Power transmission system to other systems Systems require (such as guaranteeing UID operation) electric wire cable is used to consider the last mile cable system design Meter feature. This method allows the application of this novel as a typical cable extends easily last a British In the length of the cable, and the system provides this functionality without having to rely on any other power source, which in the network Supplied is not so reliable. The high reliability requirements of continuous use is very important, The system is able to do that network users. ...

The present invention provides the "last mile" connection cable system, which to network communication system users mention For the equivalent of two-way broadband performance independent electric path and provide fiber for the present and future needs. Selected Given four core structure, because basically two electrical paths can be absolutely no interaction. This requirement briefly Is very good symmetry. Symmetry properties of orthogonality in the dual path (inhibition XTLK), and each path Suppressing electromagnetic interference plays an important role.

Figure 5 and Figure 6 shows a sectional view of the four heart of this novel four-conductor arrangements may take the general form Style. In Figure 5, each of the four leads 71,73,75,77 should achieve a substantially accurate electrical Position, and if the surrounding "shield" is the center conductor 79 and along the perimeter of its electromagnetic characteristics (in the sense of Hing The frequency of interest) is consistent, then the two pairs to each other will be precisely zero inductive position. Because interested Each pair of fields, to achieve the balance or symmetry of each conductor can be measured from the shield, and to Each of the other conductors to estimate the electric capacity. True inductance and capacitance matching degree is balanced (Ablance @) or that A measurement display symmetry. Therefore, crosstalk is negligibly small and in each of two pairs of each other can basically Operate independently. It is interesting in this regard we have two-way, dual-channel wideband system's attention. Achieve symmetry Of this method include, for example discussed in the following special molded locator. ...

In each buffer channel 81 can populate colloid 91. Fill colloid type can fit local package Including colloid such as petroleum-based super-absorbent insulating compounds. This compound is used for two purposes. A Where one is to keep the glass fiber contained in the air from erosion. Another purpose is pulled through the line Cable to provide lubrication.

Other advantages arising from an increase of four torsion wire structure within the core, so that the center insulated and positioning Structures and conductors form a spiral along the length of wire, cable length per foot turn a lap to two laps. This knot Mechanism has a useful feature when appropriate local feedback signal from a balanced source and receiver side in a balanced end when either Ho penetrate evenly into the internal conductor of the field will not result in a net current flow through the two pairs. Twist the wire pairs Use are known. However, the spiral structure of the invention is an added advantage of the present invention mentioned in the same EMIR Level, which is the smallest XTLK. Accordingly, in the present invention, a cable system to reduce XTLK, also Reducing the prevalence in the modern environment, the electromagnetic noise pollution does not require invasive. In the present invention, the knot Structure of the "shield" function is not only attenuate interference energy and energy through the leak is symmetrically distributed to Good balance of the internal four core structure, symmetry of the invasion of the electromagnetic field transmitted. ...

Four heart equilibrium structure greatly suppressed through energy. As used herein, "shield" term refers to the week Enclosed structure refers to the behavior of simple energy barrier rather than an ordinary use of significance. This barrier is always imperfect , And some of the energy of the total gas through them. Symmetry shield to increase EMIR is to overcome the growing now A level of EMI method Ying, EMI situation in which is also difficult to handle. By the invention, the precise Structure made of the degree of interference rejection never been known in the prior art the present inventors reached, the prior art Seeking major interference rejection techniques, even in their expensive cable designs used heavy screen Cover. ...

The present invention uses around four core cable internal symmetry. Of course, the skilled professionals who know the four heart The cable is essentially unnecessary, the dual quad-core cable, coaxial cable, etc. can be used for the disclosed structure Is around the cable. The local cable system downline one embodiment of the internal structure symmetrical in cross-section Shown in Figure 7, it is also similarly applied to all the other examples. Figure 7 The design created in the cable penetration Attenuation electromagnetic fields inside the high symmetry, so a strong than before, and not conducting shield Implemented method of line symmetry greatly improves rejection capability.

Example 1

Figure 7 shows a portion of the wall through a cable see in Fig 6 shows a part of the internal symmetry matter RBI Exemplary cross-sectional view. Layer is closest to the

wire

71,73,75,77 layer starts narrating. Each layer Functions listed below are described in brief with reference to the table. Of course, the following table is merely exemplary in nature. Actually It is very specific, and this is the material can be changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention:

Layer number		Thickness Mil
Layer number		Thickness Mil	101	Two layers of aluminum foil in a plastic carrier, each of the first half of the foil edges to turn the volume down The method of 1 mil aluminum foil are fixed together	4
102	Alkyl flexible binder in the colloidal carbon, 85% of the volume content of carbon in Shredded thoroughly mixed plasticizer, and then layer uniformity in 101 film Extrusion	8	101		4
102		8	103	Flexible urethane adhesive in a pure iron powder, such as layer 101 added And mixed thoroughly to about 90% by volume (iron from OMGAMERICARESEARCHTRIANGLEPARK, NC was To)	16
104	Flexible urethane adhesive in the nickel - zinc iron (98% of the particles less than 5 microns), such as mixed and added to 90% of the volume.	25	103		16
104		25	105	Such as in the 101-story two fixed 1 mil aluminum foil	4

106	Tensile stainless steel braid	16
106	Tensile stainless steel braid	16	107	(Optional on some structures) corrugated stainless steel steam protective layer, 2.5 mil Thick in the center with a 45 mil 30 mil depth of the ridges formed ripples. Volume Starting and continuous seam welding seal. Extrusion molding the soft urethane under the layer 10 Mil tucked away in the top of the knitting tension and sticky tape to populate this ridge Department.	35*
108	Extruded outer protective jacket. Strong flexible urethane material, preferably coated Color in sunlight reduces the cable temperature. In the absence of 107 layers stick Bonded to a stainless steel knitting belt	32	107		35*

Synthetic jacket can increase the basic four-core cable OD (Outer Diameter) diameter of about 0.210 inches (without optional external Corrugated steam protective layer). This produces the four-core cable for about 5/8 inch overall diameter (using 0.042 "Processing Diameter tubular ring quads), it does not require steam protective layer to protect the wires can contain fiber.

A layer comprising further described below.

Foil material 101 may be set off with a suitable plastic carrier, which can be Amylar @ or some of its He The professional durable materials known, it is suitable for the temperature range and is preferably not substantially absorb moisture. This Volume should be paired foil wrapped in the opposite direction, each volume mostly full contact with the metal itself is folded about a half-circle and Times. The pairing of two different layers (101 & 105) may require some different volumes in order to achieve the proper helical Bendable properties. Of course, the layer 101 & 105 may use other types of conductive material instead.

Colloidal carbon or carbon material 102 from recycled artificial Asbury Graphite Mills Asbury, NJ, can be To obtain a particle size of less than 325 per square inch or finer, it is small enough to use it as the cable Original before it completely covers the selected binder. After solidification of the binder in the mixture in a table Side, the DC resistance of less than per square (inch) 500 ohms. Other materials used for this layer include phase Like conductive material.

From OMG America, Research Triamgle Park, North Carklina can get carbonyl iron Powder material 103. Currently provides the best and most fine particle size is K291A, where for the Purposes. In any event, uniform and thorough mixing with a binder is fundamental. Flexible urethane material from multiple Sources, such as BF Goodrich Company inverted to provide more of the foregoing materials. Other available for this layer A magnetic material comprises a material having similar.

High-nickel - zinc, iron material 104 in a few steps through the powder and the material then Aball Milling @ Production of particles, by weight of the final particles can be classified on the size of less than 5 microns. Suitable materials may have Have complex magnetic permeability, suitable for 100MHz to 1000MHz frequency range. Milled Philips 4 Ferroxcube type material manufactured for this purpose a satisfactory finish. Consider the frequency of each material properties The anisotropy is important, from the 0.25 to 0.60 Tesla (tesla) derived within the strong magnetic field. Its He materials used for this purpose include a magnetic field of similarity, such as remanence, permittivity and permeability of the material.

106 stainless steel braid thickness from 4-6 per mil material selection, the kind of materials were Shows high tensile strength and the use of outdoor hanging cable tension level only a small creep Classes. Materials which must be used for this purpose include high tensile strength material.

Jacket 108 may be 32-40 mils in thickness is usually a solid polyurethane material, can be used For this purpose, including other materials with similar strength characteristics of the material.

Figure 7 is distributed within the cable layer of the penetration field, so that they produce the signal path balancing. This technique of this non-limiting examples of layer 101 appear to have a number of reasons. First, it has four core signal wire pairs The inner field of a field from the mirror effect, by providing a layer 101 of layer 102 to penetrate from the field Conduction field is applied to the shorting out of the penetration field, if present in the current so that the surface layer 102 such as Is more evenly awarded. Layer 102 and the layer 101 compared to the aluminum metal layer has a relatively high impedance, the latter To a significant impedance lossy material layer 102 on the field from a large dispersion. EM wave velocity The material of the layer 102 is high, and the thickness of layer 102 made of a redistribution of the key field. Layer 102 With the adjoining layer region 103, which has a relatively high permeability (at significant frequency range 5 to 50) And has a relatively low velocity of EM medium conductivity. The layer 102 to form a larger dispersion. A layer, layer 104 is selected in the high frequency region (50-500MHZ, where its speed is quite low EM) with Very high permeability. As a result, the layer 104 is thicker than layer 103, the layer 104 and the layer 103 in the boundary EM has a large speed difference, and thus increase the dispersion field. Layer 105 is a thin high-conductivity Layer, it is like "shield" that produces the field current is usually short, but its main value lies in the sub-layer Magnetic coupling to obtain the benefits described above, because it is only a small external field shielding effect. Tensile layer 106 is For strength required, although it also offers some of the current in the series to bring absorption. Layer 107 (End display) can be To use. Protective properties of stainless steel steam shielding effect and also provides the benefits of certain tensile. Jacket 108 For weather protection and other environmental protection and construction process. ...

To assess the possible structures of the type one can construct a perfect spiral quad Line, and use it as a test device, with or without a comparison by the possible symmetry of the type outer Balanced signal cable propagation. The difference reflects the "collimator" or symmetrical nature of the relative advantages of Point.

Impedance matching protective outer layer

The second form of the development of the shell somewhat from conventional shielding characteristics of the device, its purpose is to reduce Less electromagnetic energy efficient antenna similar to this gathering, which no conductor group will appear in the outdoor environment Out. Because the electromagnetic field is not possible to make the physical penetration can be achieved on the "shield", the present invention is Who have found other ways to achieve the reduction of electromagnetic interference of this vulnerability. Research has been discussed electric Cable system design symmetry and balance characteristics. The other two methods allows the use of different factors.

Having a characteristic impedance of the space itself, it is characterized by the spread of the electromagnetic field. This radiation resistance of about 377 Ohms, this value is the dielectric constant in space and space ratio of the permeability of export (or from the inductor and space Capacity than export). If a cable is displayed on the surface of the resist electromagnetic transmission capacity, and the electrical Empty space magnetic field and have the same value, then the cable will generate a much smaller area of the antenna effect, Therefore, the absorption ratio and the same end of the cable conductor good match much less energy. This seems to make the antenna Use is very small, only collect the light flowing over a surface area of slightly projected energy. Actually a Radiating electromagnetic field it is almost invisible. No matter how the design of the inner jacket, if this memory effect In as such the inner shielding effect will be greatly increased. ...

Pit stop surface or exterior view of the space radiation matches the design according to the present invention, the impedance matching with external With the protection layer to achieve, and is shown in Figure 8. Referring to Figure 8, there is shown a cable 301 with a four-core wire structure 303. Impedance matching the outer protective layer 303 applied to the periphery of the core wire. Besides having the space radiation protection layer The appearance of the radiation impedance matching characteristics, and on the use of a relatively wide frequency range to coat materials polyamino acid Dissipative compound filler to achieve. With as Asbury Graphite Mills (at leads) A99 material (or finer Micro) artificial graphite carbon particles such as ASTM NO2200 level and atomized pure nickel powder OMG America (on Side leads) AN325 (or more subtle) metal powder mixture to provide the necessary radiation dissipation properties. ...

In the selection of materials and combinations thereof, for the dissipation resistor matching the desired effect matches the external resistance Acid resistant protective layer matching the surface properties, two aspects should be considered. First, there is a way to approach people We can estimate the materials and structures of the material encountered in minimization of radiated electromagnetic field performance. This is where people can To select the appropriate material in a way. Using a frequency in the range of interest of the RF field design Non-reflective of the room, where people can no reflection on the wall opposite the plane wave transmitter RF field. You can then To construct a directional RF receiver to observe the wall reverse back from such amount of energy. Can use Pulse emission and detection to allow the return of stray energy minimum. By the same with a cable cross-section to estimate Metallic conductive objects placed on the same wall, and its reflection can be recorded. Remove the test parts, and will To evaluate the material with a protective layer on the test unit at the cable. Repeat this measurement. The value thus obtained Test material gives good proximity of space relative measure of the degree of matching. Or other use of such Method, one can attempt may use other forms of carbon or the like. For example, some natural Or mineral flake graphite and / or a combination of various metals other particles or fibers, with or without a very small The stainless steel particles or fibers, may be very suitable. There are several points of the material, in such a way Effective, especially those materials that features very close match and space, so that in interest Frequency range of the radiation EM field of the "seizure" minimization. ...

In order to estimate the energy of a cable is not transmitted from the outside of the field of the signal path to its capability, a The test method is known to the public in the United States, Fang technical specifications mil-C-85485A item 4.7, etc. have been built under Established "Surface transfer impedance" measurements. However, when faced with a balanced four core structure, this test can not reach Its objective (to determine the effect invasion). Coaxial cable system in its main areas of this test are not even fully adequate Enough. This concept, if applied to the present invention is suitable for the local structure will show low values of energy transfer, This is balanced by the exclusion of decisions affecting the results of this impact far beyond the energy shield itself decay. As Technical specifications for this test mils problems and issues as well as other tests designed to measure the results of the cable parameters Test, see the following two references: "Introduction to Electromagnetic Compatibility" by Clayton R.Paul (1992, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York) Chapters 10,11, p. 491-666; "Cable Shielding for Electromagnetic Compatibility" by Anatoly Tsaliovich, (1995, by Van Nostrand Reinhold), especially Chapter 3. ...

Around the internal structure of four-core shield layer is also used as another object, if the electromagnetic field of the mirror and its role Four-conductor limits the inner field, thus preventing the loss of signal energy. As another advantage, the guide Line structure is prevented by more reduced the spread of the field of signal energy loss. Referring again to Figure 7, by Nearly non-conductive core 89 and the positioning of the outer surface of the conductive layer 101 is designed to minimize such losses. This Best symmetrical surface, so that it and the space between the four-core wire conductor pair with respect to space Big help maintain precise symmetry and minimization mask ("mirror") effects. Diameter probably should Equal to or greater than twice the space between the conductor pairs. (See Bell System Technical Journal, Vol.15, No.2, pp248-283, Estel I.Green, FALeibe and HECurtis). ...

The present invention is achieved in the accuracy of the geometry of the electromagnetic structure of contributions from the other as shown in Figure 11 Wire retainer structure. With 4 wires put out a four-core cable can work with many major Degeneration, even as many efforts to control this process as well. June 25, 1968 published the grant In Paris, France Compagnic General d'Electricite of Eyrand and Delorme Canadian Patent No. 788,603 committed by mechanical grinding four spiral grooves on a continuous cylindrical include thermoplastic absolutely Insulating material (which may be extruded) of the "stem", and to establish a good symmetry, it is the center from glass fiber Wire reinforced and subsequently the wire into four spiral grooves. This patent shows a spiral groove, to provide The desired direction, four-wire helical rotation. Then this assembly with the appropriate additional dielectric coating Cover, plus a protective layer shielding and applied. The plastic of the "stem" Materials and its processing (extrusion molding may Machining shape to fit) was not discussed. ...

The professional in the public known that the formation of the material of such a shape often there is considerable stress. Machinery Processing the release of these stresses cause great strain relaxation. This affects the final processing of the "stem" Accuracy, including the initial impact and influence at the job site because of aging and experienced by the outdoor cable systems The daily temperature cycle varies with time increasing influence. Eyraud patented method, regardless of the Establish a "stem" method of any restrictions, simply encounter another group accuracy problem, the problem comes from the To its "stem" onto some of the insulating material surrounding and shielding the go, because any error in doing Also changes the final system imbalance. This patent does not disclose the completion of the final stage of manufacture of the square Style. ...

The present invention provides an accurate insulation and positioning structure (see Figure 11) to avoid this kind of Q Problem, it is locked to the

solenoid wire

71,73,75,77 around the exact location of the final form. In One form, the retainer 89 used in the following "extrusion molding method" chapter reveals particularly high stability Qualitative stretching process, as one of four vertical segments attached to manufacture. This four-part process to ensure that manufacturing The shape is consistent and not only in the manufacturing process and later in the widely used and aging work site Process to maintain stability. The release of the present invention is usually extruded in a standard way (even when the Plasticizing screw with such mixing method) appearing in the pressure and temperature gradients in stress. Both room Or on the outside, the present invention is a cable system lifetime performance may be more than 100 years. Selection of modern materials and The production method of the present invention to make this aspiring goal is economically achieved. ...

In certain preferred forms, these novel insulation and precise positioning an annular part surrounding the signal conductor (A specialized form below to reveal) interlocked. These four parts locator some cases the general shape Further sub-diagram Figure 11016. These figures illustrate a typical convex and concave interlocking groups with how Is set to capture and hold a four-core wire retainer structure of the mutual position of the cells. Referring to Figure 11, the positioner 89 with four respective parts shown. These sections are numbered 305,307,309 and 311. Each section Generally heart-shaped and includes a projecting portion 313, it loads the slot 315. The unit is further shown in FIG. 12. Figure 12 shows the number and the hinge point 317, which allows to easily squeeze out this part. Once squeezed into Shape in Figure 12, each of which relative to the adjacent portion of canthus to form a complete rotation of the positioning element 89 '. ...

These components can be rotated to form a complete retainer 89 ', or may be formed at hinge point positioner Apart. Figure 14 shows the implementation of the side they are separated. Figure 14 does not show the projection of each locator 313, it is inserted into the slot 315 in the Ke position.

In this case, Figure 15 is shown in more detail. In particular, Figure 15 shows a junction can be snap Configuration examples. A projecting portion 313 around the annular ring into the groove 315 to the corresponding portion of a safer Full stabilize positioner 89 'ministries fitted together.

Periphery may have any convenient shape, as shown in Figure 16, where it is round. 16 is also shown in FIG. As selected circumferential grooves for optical fibers, or other conductors. In another form of this structure, groove 319 may not be Occurs, the circumferential surface is circularly symmetric. In the structure of this example, the four-conductor outside the fiber or In the four-conductor wire is completely internal.

Returning to Figure 6, the higher the retainer through the gap or

buffer tubes

81,83,85 and 87, there is sufficient Space to install fiber-optic lines. Furthermore Locator shape 89 'can be constructed that fit any shape desired cable. But this four regional positioning and insulating properties must be kept inside four wire electrical symmetry. Four Area must be in their uniform electrical characteristics, although the holes as a fiber holder does not function in this regard either What role.

The present invention also find another method the fiber contained in the new four-core structure. Indicated in Figure 11, Four ring conductors 71 ', 73', 75 'and 77' in each or any of several types may be used including fiber 321, without interfering with the chaotic electrical balance. For example, the four annular guide can be provided by each of the intermediate 1 16 or more optical fibers, the electric insulation performance is independent of the optical properties. This is a great advantage, because Arranged in the core for the four desired helical twist (a non-limiting example uses about every foot 2 files) are Fiber elastic unloading will provide an important limit to avoid thermal expansion, movement or movement from the cable Mechanical strain. In the example presented in the helical structure of the cable to the outside of the cable with respect to its 110% of the length of wire and fiber length. ...

Figure 17 shows in cross section a possible type of the present invention, an annular conductor (here 71 'for example), it The central region 92 allows the fiber loading in the manufacturing process or after installation of the cable blowing. Shop in the cable After the installation of fiber optic design a method including fiber blowing technology. In this technique, a mushroom-shaped device Attached to the end of the fiber, and the fiber tip is within the cable. Mushroom-shaped device access high-pressure air to promote Through the fiber optic cable. If this profession Dun Another technique can also be used. Figure 17 shows a design of the innovation Meter of an annular cross-sectional view of an example of the wire. Central annular support sheath 94 so that the thickness required Enough to support specialized woven braid electrical conductor 110. Internal optical fibers 94 may be a low friction material, such as A fluorine-containing polymer. This allows the optical fiber to meet a large range of possible options. Be applied to this example 36 separate wire ends from each structure can minimize skin effect and minimize large woven multi-lead Line structure adjacent the loss found in new methods exported. Skin effect has been under discussion in the above entitled "can Volume loss and HFTL "Importing chapters in consideration of electromagnetic waves in the medium performance of cypress, the material The actual physical energy of motion of the group velocity (considering that it is a field effect), become very small. This speed is Free-space propagation velocity of light a very small portion. For example, the description of the skin effect of the copper in the case of data, This is the group velocity at 1MHZ 47 m / s, and in the 100MHZ rose only 470 meters / sec. Loop cable Space and shape can be selected for the fiber without damage to the quality of the annular conductor. With time Dimensional shift, fiber might be interested in steam from water erosion risk sensitive. Superabsorbent can be used to fill a chemical Into the plastic protective central region 92 around the fiber space. These materials absorb and fix those entering package Well quite waterproof cable structure droplets. The outer protective layer of the cable 94 must be quite Seepage. ...

Figure 18 shows an annular wire, which uses the structure of an embodiment of the present invention to improve the 36 shares 39 Size of the magnetic material line (in the figure shown as the terminal) performance, as described below in connection with Figure 12, 50% copper Conductive coating. 36 shares shown in Figure 18 Each line of a first material having a copper conductive layer 353, including the A tensile steel core 351. As described below followed by a high-frequency magnetic high dielectric anisotropy The matrix material 355, and then the fluorine-containing polymer with protective insulating layer 357. In order to form an annular conductor, these Are woven into a 2 × 18 0.42 in. OD webbing fill the outer peripheral portion of the hollow, this structure is suitable That contain fiber or other conductors. Tape is a tightly knitted so that the outer diameter of the design remain to remain The design values of the nominal impedance of the desired value. ...

Shown in Figure 19, the annular conductor is another form of a solid metal tube 102 by means of the inherent water vapor Auto protection of its fiber in the interior to provide more good protection. Shown in Figure 19 for an optical fiber The central area, around the wall of this area enough to support the bend and across the magnetic field strength. A layer surrounding this area 98, the tubular magnetic material, this layer of the fiber to provide an annular support protection layer. Finally, the layer 98 The cover layer 102. Cover can be shown in Figure 20 has three. The first layer covering layer 104 by a conductive layer group Percent. In this embodiment, the first layer covers the layer 104 may be 28 micron thick copper. The second layer 106 provides a An anisotropic magnetic filler μ and ε. In this case, the second layer 106 is about 10-20 microns thick. Third Layer 108 is covered by an insulating layer, in this case of 4-8 microns thick. Description of these layers is shown schematically in Figure 20. ...

The annular conductor disclosed herein has a number of functional units and a complementary structure, which functions in the present Ming four wires to achieve. Annular conductor can follow specialized criteria for selecting. Satisfaction leads to ring 6 functions to achieve less certain:

1 has two dispersion having a high frequency received signal path.

(2) with a line signal regeneration, UID peripherals and related equipment supply, and optionally Allow POTS signal flow.

3 held in each transmission line characteristic impedance for broadband aspects of accuracy and balance.

4 people sustain signals to control the level of losses, especially at high frequencies.

5 For now and for future use fiber as a protective conduit.

6 on four core combination provides additional strength and stability to help maintain a low and high XTLR EMIR geometry.

As discussed above with reference to Figure 18, and Figure 21 shows a cross-sectional view of such a single line. It is designed in many Many important respects from the prior art, these transfer medium used in or on the little-known Wave propagation effects in nature. These aspects of the present invention, the signal delivery unit with improved performance objectives, And by changing the following factors to help reject unwanted external electromagnetic energy:

a) single conductor skin effect nature; and

b) changes in the nature of a wire conductor adjacent the interaction of the proximity effect.

Electromagnetic signal can be transmitted to the wire structure of a modification of asymmetrical mode is achieved, which promote To its propagation along the wire length and improve the penetration of the wire unit.

Wire in at least the following main characteristics of a few:

1 In many materials are selected using a high strength core of ferromagnetic material 351, which when the axial magnetic Of also having a large magnetic remanence.

(2) the surface of the core wire in such a high conductivity metal I layer 353. The case shown in FIG 21, the Refined copper cladding of the DC resistance of the selected line is entirely made of copper, such as the diameter line conductivity 50%. With copper as a conductive material, you only need a thin ferromagnetic material Copper Conductor.

3 This is also a high-frequency magnetic conductive layer thin cladding layer 355 covers, which has a moderate permeability Rate and shows the following additional features. 355 cladding material selected from various materials, and is a method of structure A, so that the metal coating line of its permeability (μ_r) And permittivity (ε_r) May be the actual value of a bias magnetic field The strength and direction of the significantly changed. When this is magnetized anisotropic space causes μ_rValues, and ε_rValues. Given application and the network frequency range of interest for further selection magnetic material, so that in the frequency range Permeability having a desired frequency with the appropriate changes, and having an energy dissipation losses for Finite a desired Small.

4 magnetic cladding layer 355 may provide a very small particulate material (such as nano level) and a filler mixed with a binder Together, its selection is to make the permeability and permittivity substantially permanently combined line points to the manufacturing process The magnetic field and its alignment, resulting in these parameters (ε and μ) of the primary and desired spatial Anisotropy. This peripheral area of the wire to provide the magnetic permeability of which is substantially different from the axial direction Direction, and the dielectric constant in the circumferential direction and the axial direction is related to anisotropy. This semi-liquid by mixing half Round body of magnetic material in the form of adhesive is complete, it is cured in the manufacturing process and the applied sufficiently large Under the effect of a magnetic field. ...

Also found that it is desirable to add the compiled set field, the protection field of reverse polarity in some way, which makes Anisotropic consecutive point lines in length, but with a core of ferromagnetic material and the magnetic remanence magnetization Polarity of the molecules, which periodically reversing the polarity of the spatial points to the longitudinal direction of the line. Spatial periodicity According to the core of ferromagnetic material to magnetic effects, but also based on this cable system to send the highest spectral wave This long and spread spectrum nature of the desired selection.

The structure and function of this anisotropy is substantially different from the previous system. There are many examples in which Using small magnetic materials, in the past simply adding it to the signal conductor to increase the inductance of the wire, to mention Its spread high impedance, thereby reducing the signal loss and decrease in the frequency response compensation. Several US Examples of patents: US Patent No. Granting Elmen 1,586,887, "Inductively Loading Signaling Conductors "; awarded Fondille US Patent No. 1,672,979" Loaded Conductor "; Prache granted US Patent No. 2,669,603" Transmission Line with Magnetic Loading "; awarded Raisbeck US Patent No. 2,787,656; grant Josse of America Patent No. 4,079,192 "Conductor For Reducing Leakage AT High Frequencies", And the impact on different levels are: Grant Barlow's US Patent No. 3,668,574 "Hybrid Mode Electric Transmission Line Using Accentuated Asymmetrical Dual Surface Wave "; grant Lorber et al, US Patent No. 4,017,344," Magnetically Enhanced Coaxial Cable With Improved Time Delay Characteristics "; grant Broomall, et al. US Patent No. 5,574,260 "Composite Conductor Haring Improved High Fregquency Signal Transmission Characteristics ". Elmen and Prach is inductive loads, etc. Price in line lumped inductance effects examples. Prache was the first to carry out magnetic resistance for load cables Analysis of the insulation resistance of people. Raisbeck'656 (1957 年 4 月 2, issued) by the addition of including Prache ignored by the loss of all sound insulation of this analysis. Raisbeck analysis in his 1958 Published in the Bell System Technical Journal article (pp361-374) for further elaboration. Those authors focus on the minimization of a given size (mainly in the line of the coaxial type) for the transmission loss. He We do not attempt to directly change effects such as surface or near. .................................

Josse discloses a magnetic material cladding layer adjacent the conductor due mainly reduces eddy current losses arising in Loss, and use this principle to Litz wire applications. He also used this process and very high current superconducting cable Power line frequency applications, where the focus of vortex appears.

The latter three patents (Barlow, Lordenet al. And Broomall, et al) is different. Every The experimental results are described, they are used and the wire transmission line classical theory is not easy to explain. Only Barlon affect the development of the theory of wave propagation characteristics of the surface wave. Lorber he observed in the structure of a Abnormally low time delay, but proposed to increase the effective inductance bypass capacitor in series with the cable, and made to understand Release. In another part of his invention to propose a "wave" effect, as the reasons for the observed behavior of the A. Lorber also cited Kehler & Coren 1970 Article number (see Kehler et al., Susceptibility & Ripple Studies in Cylindrical Film, J.of Appl.Phy., Vol.41, No.3 (March 1, 1970) pp 1346,1347), which shows the central conductor of the coaxial structure as a thin magnetic wire packet strange Short at 110MHz by propagation effects at non-proof. ...

Barlow retain only one of these examples, presented to the direct impact of wave propagation. As previously Discussed in these patents to use the high conductivity and / or the permeable medium to act as a skin effect is returned The most effective broadcast effect is processed. Barlow recognizes in his narrative at the lack of a mathematical analysis Management. He described a family of trials, he used to justify what he called a new suspect non-TEM mode propagation mode. He used an insulating layer to develop this novel mode and gives a wide range of thickness, to cover from 1MHZ to 10GHZ frequency range. His magazine articles and the curve given in the patent as shown A thin insulating layer to join the attenuation function's big change. ...

The prior art does not address the present invention is discussed in propagation effects, they have not the anisotropic toad Permittivity and magnetic binding to the progress and impact. Ferrous material discussed above is only possible material , Although they have a microstructure feature makes moderate value (less than 1 Telsa) under the influence of the magnetic field, they The electromagnetic properties (insulating magnetic) on the magnetic field strength and direction of a substantial change. Other semi-crystalline crystals Body or even to a non-crystalline substance can be displayed within the ordered properties, which develop into the relatively large differences Sex. Part of the invention used to achieve this effect more properties of human non-exported usually pass spatial distribution Broadcast special increase. ...

Another embodiment of the annular conductor

Figure 19 shows a four-core cable can be used for a further non-limiting embodiment of the ring cable. First Referring first to Figure 20, the hollow annular wires may be formed as a single magnetic tube 98, a conductive (gold Case) cladding layer 104, together with a thin layer of a magnetic substrate 106, with a very thin insulating layer 108 as an external Cladding. This structure is similar to the single-wire hierarchy. For many applications, this single tubular magnetic Core shape is advantageous. For example, it allows four annular conductor root of each optical fiber wrapped in anti-steam pipe Without requiring the entire cable is completely anti-steam. This tube has the opportunity to increase the diameter of the central space can be For protective materials superabsorbent fiber fill. Available in the tube remanence magnetization, the proportion of the conductive layer and the base The anisotropy of material layer can be adjusted to provide effective and uniform low propagation loss, resulting in more than The Tape-line form substantially the same or better performance. This simplifies the cable structure, reducing into This and produce lighter or smaller cables. The tensile strength of some examples like the cable should be corrosion resistant high strength Tape, coat layer is applied to the inside of stickers. Should be used outside the tungsten layer is resistant to EMI and spatial symmetry annihilator The impedance matching impedance design coat, both have been described above. ...

The magnetic structure and the load of the prior art systems generally focus on the relative energy transfer for transmitting The loss behavior of the wire harness, simply increasing the propagation of electromagnetic energy transmission line impedance level. In such a strategy Slightly, the size of the loss resistance to this wire impedance of a transmission system of the smaller parts, because of the reduced Ka of that part of the energy loss caused. These efforts neither materially affect the propagation characteristics, did not Have reduced skin effect resistance, which dominates the conductor AC resistance - especially in high frequency bands. These methods have Some drawback is the price as to reduce losses, they reduce the applicable bandwidth. Only very few exceptions Processing conditions discussed above eddy current and proximity effects. Most of these techniques or fixed frequency narrowband Power transmission applications, can be applied to not suitable for the transmission of broadband signals (see U.S. Patent No. 3,160,702, Lapsley and 3,592,492, Bader). ...

The careful choice of wire structure needed his goals and work together to maintain the transmission energy losses for any given Illustrates the need for a given application. This choice balanced by an advanced four-core structural system objects as examples, it was Emphasis on the signal to noise ratio, and therefore emphasizes the XTLK EMIR behavioral aspects of performance. These features together make To achieve the goal of last mile cable system needs to network performance.

Soliton propagation

Under certain conditions, the propagation of the main display cable soliton propagation characteristics associated with low energy spread Features, soliton propagation characteristics in the 19th century (1834, by the JSRussell) as by the Scottish one Canal tugs caused by a class of people pay attention to long-distance walking water waves has been noticed. After the Russell Others from using Korteweg & deVries mathematical development is an important basic description of the equation (1895) study Study this phenomenon. Fermi and others in 1955, studied the mathematics of this wave system, but when Zabusky & Kruskal for more in-depth analysis, coined the word "soliton" to describe the phenomenon of these waves When the phase characteristics of the class cadres to go take an important next step. On the subject of most of the math and the actual working Made the subsequent 30 years now. Soliton propagation has been used in fiber optic systems, in terms of its optical mode is Get the desired improvements. Today with the use of a soliton fiber technology. ...

To achieve such a signal source and load coupling means may be slightly more complex and expensive, but when needed Can also be considered to be advantageous. The present inventors have not yet found any existing technology is basically all the energy spread The mode of this method is used in the sub-wavelength range of the optical soliton wave propagation. Cited above Three patents (Barlow, Lorber and Broomall) have suggested that non-traditional means of communication, but neither explanation Did not teach implement a method like this optimization. The present embodiment of the invention, such as described, consider Anisotropic arrangement, which will facilitate the propagation of signals of the low energy mode and displays a digital signal representing high-speed single Yuan low energy spread. In the structure of the relevant specialized annular conductor sections describe other anisotropy Significant wave propagation effects can also be changed by the choice of the magnetic field, observation of the optimum for any given signal. ...

For the four-core cable required accuracy of symmetry, want to target is kept substantially constant electrical Magnetic function, although there by its predictable changes in environmental conditions, changes caused. Typical thermoplastic extruded into Shaped contain large internal stress, which causes the molding after the change of shape and size, especially when the outdoor to With the aging period. In order to essentially overcome this problem, the present inventors have developed a process to reduce the molding This stress resulting technology.

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The discoverer of the thermoplastic material is introduced when dealing with a new suspect approach. The present inventors found that the hot extrusion Process repeated frequently sudden blood pressure and stress lead to greatly smooth flow recovery and greatly In the final extruded shape reducing the internal stresses. Are shown in Figures 23 and 26 in the high - low - high pressure cycles Have become fast enough to make insulation.

Loop is actually an anti-forging process, by means of this process, the introduction of the expansion wave led to the polymer Obstacles and interlocked loosen and unravel. Is critical to the invention the pressure in the final molding to relax to substantially Atmospheric pressure, and from just above the glass transition temperature is cooled to a solidified state is substantially maintained during this Kind of pressure. Since the process of the gradual formation of only a small change of materials and processes, all locators At the same stage can use a common process of forming a molded flow.

For the glass transition temperature is lower then the melting temperature lies below the tooth 600EF provide sufficient plasticity The thermoplastic material, preferably by the following process shown in Example A. For such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PFTE) such other The thermoplastic material (not completely melted, but it actually requires a sintering process) Examples Example B may be more co- Appropriate. These examples are described below and in the above Fig. 22-27

Example A

In this process, an important factor is the melt during extrusion forming and rapid pressure and frequency Pulse-like release. The thermoplastic polymer has a molecular weight form of the molecular changes, and changes in Polymer chain length, which contribute to the interlocking chain, resulting in non-Newtonian flow characteristics, this feature is usually held generating Continued pressure setting lock stress produced by the method. Figure 22 shows an extrusion molding die 201, which is connected to the squeeze Die body 203. An extrusion die extrusion die screw 205 is located within the body 203. One or more with a piston 209 hydraulic piston assembly 207 is used to adjust the volume and pressure changes. In order to greatly decrease the pressure Required amount of volume change is small. Thus, based on the extrusion molding die just before the ends of the small liquid mixing chamber Pressing need to move only a very short piston stroke, enough to allow rapid pressure changes produced and with a ratio with a mobile Screw plasticizer or a much smaller line pressure piston inertia. The present inventors found that agents die cavity along the cylinder Small taper in order to avoid the formation of turbulent flow is mixed into the final hole path. ...

After the pulse compression stage is controlled by the grooves 211 in the slow cooling, the aim is to prevent the pressure of the Was cooled in a large gradient occurs, which may form the stress. Shown in Figure 24 a flow chart of slow cooling. 24 that after the extrusion of extrudate (about 100EC-300EC) schematic arrangement treatment tank. In Step 213, the hot extrudate from the die appears. In step 215, the hot extrudate in the first groove, It remains lower than the temperature of the extrudate of about 20-50E. The next step 217, the hot extrudate After cooling slightly Now the second slot, step 215, it remains lower than about 20-50E. In the next step 219, the extrudate appearance In the third slot, it remains lower than the step 217 between the 20-70E. Finally, in step 221, the extrudate occurs In the cleaning bath, maintained at approximately 145-150EF. After the cleaning tank with a warm rinsing (step 223) to clean Extrudates, then dried with warm air. In each step of the process to the next step before annealing provide wear Over extrudate temperature equilibrium. Time per step and the pressure based on the shape of the cross-sectional dimensions of the article becomes. ...

Releasing the pressure in the inspection method of this pulse production results, completely cooled and aged samples of the squeeze Pressure length is immersed in the heated bath uniformly observed to determine whether any deformation. When described by Example A Processing procedure produced with untreated material to be extruded when comparing treatment without this technology zero The main difference in terms of deformation parts become very obvious. As long as the treated parts show little or no shape Or a change in size. The improvement observed is considered to be affected by stress from the interlocking and the obtained molecular chain, they In the low-pressure part of the short pulse during unlock or relaxed. The final forming stage can be extruded at low Completed during the state, in this state, the flow characteristic is greatly improved. Curing phase should have only a low pressure Contacting the stamper provided condition usually close to 1 bar (bar). ...

Pulse release process improves the extrudate mobility. Solution used in the taper section to be produced Shapes and sizes. For most relatively small shape, of such as polyethylene, polypropylene, high molecular weight polyethylene Ene copolymer mixture and some of this material from 2 to 15 degrees taper may include a range of the best. Awl Degree control is an important parameter to generate the pressure increase extrudate Release reduction in volume of the adiabatic section Temperature ratio. With the size of the required taper melting nature (viscosity and non-Newtonian behavior) and instead Unchanged. Choice of angle section is directly related to the volume, and in the ideal case in complex shapes as The thickness of the section. The melting behavior of many effective reduction in volume percentage in the range 1-7 Inside. ...

The initial dose extrudate having a short air-cooling section, and then enter the first annealing slot. First groove The selection of the temperature is selected by testing, as it matched with the shape of the cross-sectional thickness and the discharge volume, speed Degrees and other characteristics, stabilization of the minimum stress state in a particular material. Taking into account the extrusion die due to the discharge pressure There are always fall adiabatic cooling, which can be lower than the temperature of the extrudate exit 20EF to 100EF. Three stages in order to decrease the bath temperature stress release and the shape of most stable enough. Added to each Extrudate groove length and the time spent by the when the extrudate emerges from the slot when its temperature stability OK. After the final annealing tank, a tank cleaning tank material is annealed to remove any residue. For the more High-temperature thermoplastic material, the initial groove adapted to adjust the temperature can be a low-acid pure mineral oil. Was clear Cleaning of the bath to remove certain residues, and any other significant surface debris. ...

Fluoropolymers because of their low dielectric constants and the 10MHZ to 1GHZ range of low loss Characteristics are satisfactory, but with difficult shape properties. These materials are not as discussed in Example A thermoplastic Materials, but does not actually melt. Begin in the form of particles of fluoropolymer powder material in a manner similar Metallurgy manner. It is pressed into the adhesive, such as Agreen @-shape, and then sintered into the final Solid forms and shapes. Pressed into the green shape in the course of this, a similar pulse pressure release of The uniformity and after sintering from the forming process results in a beneficial effect. Figure 25-27 describes the application To such materials and shapes. For example, in full PTFE sintering and after treatment, in still air And in the generation of 1% to 3% of the fast, high - low - high pressure pulse change in volume of the hot mold material After forming the final shape of treatment increased stability and accuracy. Pressure consist of sequences of process steps Examples of such materials B. ...

These steps are shown in the flowchart of Figure 27. Particularly illustrating the introduction of the step 261 to a stationary atmosphere Hot FTPE chamber 251 previous band. Step 263 shows a band at low temperatures into the firing chamber. Step 265 Illustrates fed with hot inert atmosphere as shown in Figure 25 the pulse pressure module. Step 267 is the final step, Is fed with hot and cold chamber under low temperature.

Helical torsion

The four-core cable to an embodiment of the invention, the final forming step involves twisting locator give appropriate Rpm. The desired helical torsion is a conductor to the center of the assembly produced during locator, which in Phase by maintaining the heat below the glass transition temperature (T_g) Of the mold temperature to the desired system Helical torsion added assembly. In the next stage, the assembly of the cooling section is substantially open, in which case guide Line is loaded into their groove. Then, in the next assembly to be pressing close, then the inner shield (or mirror Surface) the material is loaded into the cable preform. Then, this assembly ready to use shielded section, tensile portion and the outer Intercropping final cladding.

After the extrusion process, the positioner can be installed. Positioner suitable material can be for Species, the resistivity locator about 10⁵To 10¹⁸Ohm - seconds, its dielectric constant at about 1.05 To 4.0 between its low insulation loss is usually higher than 1GH until a target frequency is less than 0.1 Loss frequency.

Other material properties, the material has a locator aging and weathering properties, to the -50 ℃ to +50 ℃ Temperature range and humidity range 0-100%, less than 1% of electromagnetic functional changes. Right locator can receive Flexural plastic material at a minimum modulus of about 0.07 × 10⁹Pascal (0.01 × 10⁶psi, typically soft polyethylene Alkenyl, may be PTFE) to a maximum of 6.89 × 10⁹Pascal (1.00 × 10⁶psi, typically PAEK). These Type of material is moldable, or need, "burning", so that they have different types. An injection of glass Also optional polypropylene material. Can also use various mixtures of these materials.

Well-balanced drive and termination

The present invention contemplates the network operation frequency has three areas of particular importance: 1) DC or low frequency range Wai, for power or low frequency signaling, such as in the vicinity of the POTS ringing voltage 20HZ; 2) about 375HZ To about 3400HZ the low-or the audio frequency range; 3) to about 1GHZ for broadband frequency range of digital data Wai.

Consider driving means and termination means can efficiently separate these three ranges, so that isolation between them Any interactions. According to the existing standards in the world, the most promising type of digital data format is SONET Or SDH format, which aims to receive the current standard, the majority of optical communication world they operate Made. The program's basic division mouth frame or Atime box-car @'s a basic frame set to 125 microseconds Time period, ie every 1/8000 seconds in a group. Both formats of the time structure of electricity is shown in Figure 28. Each An organization with 810 time slices or "pigeon holes" to indicate that they are shown in row 9 90 moments Chen 283. Each cell 281 includes an eight words or bytes. To each 125 microsecond frame progressive flow field, Order from 1 to 810 ends. Therefore, each frame has 6480 to 8000 times per meter, is given per 51.84 megabits basic bit rate. This is only the basic or minimum bit rate, or electrical form STS-1 format. When used to generate an optical signal of the fiber, this format is called a OC-1 (optical carrier). SONET and SDH standards include the use of known B3ZS 8-bit encoding scheme, which allows real through Source data decoding and digital restoration modify or avoid a long walk away 0. This method is developed from the change The baseline for the signal frequency to prevent large, it will turn disturb accurate digital signal recovery. Therefore, this 51.84MHZ format avoids the low frequency component signal. ...

9, the balance of the cable drive includes a drive push - pull signal current sources 503 and 505, With the source and the array of electric Yin termination, thereby minimizing the conversion or on the "1" or "0" state of the impedance becomes Technology. In particular, Figure 9 shows a drive frequency enhancement circuit 507 into an STS format data stream. High-Frequency Enhancer Circuit 507 Lian a loss. Line 507 with a high-frequency enhancement Kong Zengqiang circuit 509 Receivers small (Figure 10) to adjust the Technical specifications to meet the BER. The output of the high-frequency enhancement to the phase splitter 508. The output 508 of the phase That there is a 180 ° phase difference of the two signals. Line 511 shows the first signs of entering a wideband current Source driver 503. Shown by the line 513 into another signal wideband current source driver 505. A A balanced high pass filter 501 receives the two signals. These display 515 through the resistor into four core electrical Cable 517. In Figure 9 shows a low pass filter 519, which services from the auxiliary low-frequency and DC power connector Receive input. These low-frequency signals are also sent to the cable 517, to provide a line 55 in Figure 2 and 57. ...

Shown in Figure 10, the balance line coupled to the receiving end of push - pull grid and cathode passive differential input amplifier Resistance exhibited 515 'at termination. This phase signal is coupled to the system or coupled to succeed well in full-bandwidth The CMR digital clock comparator. Figure 10 shows in more detail a balanced cable receiver system. Electricity Receiving end of the cable 517 on display 515 of the passive resistance 'is received. Low frequency component of the signal through a low pass filter Point 519 'to the auxiliary services and provides DC power frequency. Frequency of the high-pass filter 501 '. High Frequency component passed to a balanced input amplifier 521. This balance may have a differential input amplifier 521 The grid and cathode structure of a differential amplifier. CMR balanced input amplifier bandwidth can be greater than 40dB. Flat Balanced input amplifier output can be synchronized via a DC restoration slotting system 523. Box-bit system output Small Kong Zengjiang to the receiver circuit 509. The receiver circuit 509 can be used in small Kongzeng Jiang trim so-called "eye Mode "in order to meet technical specifications BER The receiver circuit 509 Small Kong Zengjiang the output data stream. ...

In the figure there is shown in transient voltage slotting device to avoid possible sources come from a variety of high- Pressure pulses (such as electrostatic discharges, near lighting or EMP, or continuous, or service instant).

Using four cores on "Firewire" Application

Recently for computer peripherals with a new line of data bus standard port beginning to be widely Are used. This new standard is IEEE1394 similar or equivalent international standards of IEC1883. Name "Firewire" has been widely used to name this new bus and systems. The electrical interconnection of the physical Outside the shielded cable is used internally in two twisted pairs and two on the power of the original. FIREWIRE began trying for Various auxiliary equipment interconnected in a relatively short distance to a personal computer. These standards and data within the range Rate on the increase, so that the first 100 megabits / second limit as to 400MB / S range, and Proposed to achieve such 1200Mb / s of this high rate. This cable, as a modification of the invention can be very Suitable for many current and throughout the frontier home and office appliances, information equipment and auxiliary equipment. ...

Interestingly, selected by the standard use of the basic bus cycle with the SDH and SONET protocols Same time producing interval -125 microseconds. Taking into account the global communications system revealed the connection is always valid user interfaces The high data rates and FIREWIRE target coupling these systems seems very good, its very capacity data capabilities Interfaces easily with the local environment. This FIREWIRE new suspect electrical form and complete this application carefully by the present invention Consideration.

Examples of the manufacturing process

This example uses the shape of the retainer 16, but the radial positioning of the fiber space is ignored. The material chosen for this example is PTFE. The core is assembled diameter of 0.420 inches. It is as above Referred through the "semi" extrusion, sintering and forming the final forging operation. It is pre-assembled and Followed by heating in an inert atmosphere forming the channel to give the helical turn (1.8 feet per turn). Unitary tubular Circular line (UTAC) separated from each other at the center 0.200 inches, and the four cores are arranged in orthogonal 0.420 in. The diameter of the support around the central core. UTAC with 0.0384 inches of the OD (outer diameter) tubes, soft back Axially magnetized from fights to more than 0.6Tesla high-nickel alloy forming money. Tube inner diameter of about 0.026 Inches, the length of the tube formed as a continuous, roll and fused material, which generates with Has a smooth inner surface of the "seamless" structure. It is with copper plating and electro-polished to a smooth bright surface, and A thickness of 28 microns. Then by pressing the surface as described above Ni-Zn containing iron in the urine The magnetic substrates alkyl plastic wrap layer, so that the axial magnetic field in a thickness after curing of the surface of the additional 11-14 microns. Then, the cured assembly in a multi-stage process of immersion and drying (similar to that used in Magnet wire insulating layer cladding process) cladding layer having a thickness of 4 to 6 microns soft urethane plastic material. Very This layer is conveniently color-coded for easy identification in the final cables UTAC of each root. This completes the UTAC forming, at this stage it should be stored at least 4 feet in diameter on a spool. ...

Four appropriately selected length and then assembled into a continuous pipe section before positioning assembly PTFE Makers. At this point, the core of the cable length has been pre-selected will be continued in accordance with the above sections describe shielding design Plan shield assembly. Cladding layer should be used EMI "Symmetry" of the first shielding layer (symmetric sub) and said (outer Impedance matching protective layer) having a resistivity of the second impedance design space (outermost) shield. These shields steps Completed the final assembly of the cable. There should be finished cable minimum 4 feet in diameter on the spool.

Four appropriately selected length and then assembled into a continuous pipe section before positioning assembly PTFE Makers. At this point, the core of the cable length has been pre-selected will be continued in accordance with the above sections describe shielding design Plan shield assembly. Cladding layer should be used EMI "Symmetry" of the first shielding layer (symmetric sub) and said (outer Impedance matching protective layer) having a resistivity of the second impedance design space (outermost) shield. These shields steps Completed the final assembly of the cable. There should be finished cable minimum 4 feet in diameter on the spool....

Of the present invention have been described several embodiments. However be understood that the essence of the present invention without the background God's scope of various modifications can be made. For example, two scales and the outer protective layer may be impedance matching Used in coaxial cable. It is also used in the twin-axial cable (Figure 29) in which two

coaxial cables

1601, 1603 Can be installed in a single coat 1609. Two concentric

annular conductors

1605 and 1607 are provided in this embodiment. Similarly, referring to Figure 30, some such as super VHS or Y / C This format uses two coaxial cables, Where the loop is not coaxial. These can be similarly from the outer protective layer 1707 impedance gain. Of course, any cable can further benefit from the symmetrical layers. ...

coaxial cables

1601, 1603 Can be installed in a single coat 1609. Two concentric

annular conductors

After the result, in the following other embodiments within the scope of the claims.

Claims

A method for two-way transmission of data, characterized in that said system comprises:

Local node connected to the network interface device, comprising:

For transmitting low frequency signals, power, low frequency or DC signal circuit; and

A high frequency circuit for the transmission of data;

Connected to the local node interface device cable;

For the connecting cable to the plurality of data devices user interface device, comprising:

Low frequency signal for transmission, the power circuit of the DC signal frequency;

A high frequency circuit for the transmission of data; and

And the plurality of input devices for transmitting signals to each other a plurality of interfaces, so that at least one local section Point interface device and said user interface device further comprises a port configured for wireless communications.
2 The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said user interface device further comprises a non- Line ports; and further comprising coupled to said radio port POTS lines.
3 The system as claimed in claim 2, wherein said user interface device further includes a use Communicate with peripheral devices in a radio port, the radio ports through radio waves, RF waves or micro One waves to communicate with peripheral devices.
4 The system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the apparatus further comprises a user interface for user Interface device control port open industry standards, which can control the level of the open industrial Standard port input to the user interface device.
5 The system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said local node interface device, cable, and user Interface device working in the optical domain.
As claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said local node interface device, cable, and user Interface devices in the electrical domain work.
7 The system of claim 1, further comprising an interface device connected to the local node Fibre Interface device.
As claimed in claim 7, further comprising a local node, wherein said local node packet Includes a plurality of fiber optic interface device and the local node interface device.
9 The system of claim 7, further coupled to a local node for the wireless communication configuration Port.
A process as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the wireless communication port settings configured Local node interface device.
As claimed in claim 10, characterized in that the configuration for the wireless communication port is coupled to A circuit.
12 The system of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication interface configured to further Comprises a plug module, which has the signal of the cellular protocol translation signals for different protocols translation Makers.
13 The system of claim 12, wherein said different protocol is LINUX computer Language.
As claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the cellular protocol is CDMA.
15 The system as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the cellular protocols CDPD.
16 The system as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the cellular protocol is WAP.
17 The system as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the cellular protocol is TDMA.
18 The system as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the cellular protocol is GSM.
19 A method for communicating data, characterized in that it comprises:

A local node connected to the network interface device, including:

For transmitting low frequency signals and DC signals frequency circuit; and

A high frequency circuit for the transmission of data;

A connection to said local node interface device cable;

Said cable is connected to a plurality of data a user interface device, comprising:

For transmitting low frequency signals, power and a low frequency circuit DC signal;

Used to pass data to a high-frequency circuit; and

And the plurality of input devices for transmitting signals to each other a plurality of interfaces, at least one local node interface Device and said user interface device further comprises a port for the satellite communication circuit.
20 A communication system characterized by comprising:

Ring network multiple regions, each region ring network include:

An exchange transfer point; and

In a ring structure with the transition point of said switch coupled to a plurality of nodes, each node comprising:

At least one optical interface device; and

Interface devices;

Each ring network between the two regions a bridge circuit, allowing the annular region between the network for data Transfer; and

More user interface devices, each user interface device via a cable is connected to the corresponding local Node interface device, wherein switching transfer point, regional ring network node, the bridge circuit, or the user interface, The device further comprises at least one of a wireless communication port.
21 The system as claimed in claim 20, characterized in that the bridge circuit comprises a microwave communication link.
22 The system of claim 20, wherein each node has a local node 16-64 Interface device.
23 The system of claim 20, further comprising a device coupled to said user interface for User interface controller port.
24 A change in the data communication system, characterized by comprising:

Receiving a predetermined data format of the data frame;

The frame of a predetermined data format used;

Received from the wireless network transmission;

The transmission from the radio network to change the data format of a predetermined data in the frame; and

Predetermined data format of the multiplexed frame.
25 A change in the data communication system, characterized by comprising:

Receiving a predetermined data format of the data frame;

The frame of a predetermined data format used;

Received from the wireless network transmission;

According to the transmission from the wireless network had been used to change the data; and

Transmitting the data that has changed.
26 The method as claimed in claim 25, characterized in that the frame is a predetermined data format SONET / SDH or ATM frames in a frame.
27 A change in the data communication system, characterized by comprising:

Receive SONET / SDH frame data:

The frame of a predetermined data format used;

Receive data from a CDMA wireless network transmission format;

CDMA format will be translated into a different format to send;

Transmission from the radio network, after use of the data changes;

Sending the changed data;

Generating said status signal in different formats;

Said status signal is translated into the CDMA format; and

Transmitting said status signal.
28 A change of data in a communication system, the method comprising:

Receive SONET / SDH frame data;

Received from the wireless network via POTS lines to transmit;

Format will be sent from the POTS translated into different formats;

According to Zhang's sent from the wireless network signal is changed after the data;

Sending the changed data;

Generating a status signal in different formats;

The status signals translate to a POTS format; and

Transmitting the status signal.
29 A change of data in a communication system, the method comprising:

Receiving a data frame of a predetermined data format;

Frame of the data format used;

Received from the satellite network transmission;

According to the satellite network from a change in a predetermined data format of the transmission data in the frame; and

Predetermined data format of the multiplexed frame.
30 A change of data in a communication system, the method comprising:

Receiving a data frame of a predetermined data format;

Frame of the data format used;

Received from the satellite network transmission;

Satellite network from said change of the transmission data after use; and

Send the changed data.
31. The method as claimed in claim 30, characterized in that the change occurs in the user interface device Medium.
32 The method of claim 31, further comprising the data according to the changed signal is transmitted to the Interface device.
33 The method as claimed in claim 32, characterized in that the interface device controls the operation kind of electrical appliances Made.
34 A communication system, comprising:

A central antenna;

Said central plurality of sub-antenna communication antenna;

And the plurality of sub-antennas in a communication area of each ring network, each ring network region comprises:

An exchange transfer point; and

An annular structure coupled to a plurality of switching transfer point nodes, each node comprising

At least one optical interface device; and

With each of the optical interface device coupled to at least one local node; and

More user interface devices, each user interface device via a cable connected to a corresponding Local node interface device.
35 The system as claimed in claim 34, further comprising a microwave communication link, wherein the Central antenna by said microwave communication link with each of a plurality of communication antennas.