CN1339849A - Antenna device and portable radio communication device - Google Patents
Antenna device and portable radio communication device Download PDFInfo
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- CN1339849A CN1339849A CN01104767A CN01104767A CN1339849A CN 1339849 A CN1339849 A CN 1339849A CN 01104767 A CN01104767 A CN 01104767A CN 01104767 A CN01104767 A CN 01104767A CN 1339849 A CN1339849 A CN 1339849A
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- antenna
- unipole
- antenna assembly
- sliding bearing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
- H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/362—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith for broadside radiating helical antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
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Abstract
A microstrip antenna (MSA) above a ground plane, having a size corresponding to an operation frequency, at a junction point thereof, electrically connected to one end of a monopole antenna having a size corresponding to the operation frequency to operate as a complex antenna. A distance between the feed point of MSA and the junction point determines the input impedance for matching. A microstrip line or an (planer) inverted-F antenna may provide the MSA. The monopole element may be a monopole antenna or helical antenna. A portable wireless communication apparatus includes the antenna apparatus having a housing. The monopole antenna is connected to the MSA when the monopole antenna is extended from the housing. A switch may be provided between the monopole antenna and the MSA for diversity operation. The antenna apparatus may be formed on a Printed circuit board and folded.
Description
The present invention relates to antenna assembly and portable radio communication device.
The antenna assembly that contains the microstrip line antenna is known, and the portable radio communication device that contains the antenna assembly of microstrip line antenna also is known.
Portable radio communication device (moving or the base station) at half microwave frequency band adopts microstrip line antenna or unipole antenna.The microstrip line antenna comprises with square or the circular flat element of a constant interval above the ground flat board.The length of plane component is generally half-wavelength (being called half-wavelength microstrip line antenna).This half-wavelength microstrip line antenna has directivity on the direction perpendicular to the microstrip line plane.Main polarised direction is single and is the edge of the microstrip line of half-wavelength corresponding to length.
Monopole antenna device comprises the unipole antenna of arranging perpendicular to the ground plate edge (linear element).This unipole antenna is with the non-equilibrium condition feed at the ground flat board.The length of unipole antenna is generally half-wavelength or quarter-wave.Main polarised direction is single and corresponding to the axial direction of unipole antenna.
Figure 17 is the perspective view of the unipole antenna of prior art.This monopole antenna device comprises the unipole antenna 1 that is connected to the match circuit 19 on the ground dull and stereotyped 6.Making the feed point impedance of unipole antenna 1 by match circuit 19 is 50 Ω.
Figure 18 is a curve chart, shows the directivity of the prior art of the unipole antenna shown in Figure 17 on the XZ plane.Solid line is represented perpendicular polarization component 20, and dotted line is represented horizontal polarization component 21.
As shown in Figure 18, the average level of perpendicular polarization component 20 is much higher than the level of horizontal polarization component 21, and has the directivity of letter " 8 ".As mentioned above, the microstrip line antenna assembly has the single main pole direction identical with monopole antenna device.
Disclosed the another kind of prior art antenna assembly that is included in the portable radio communication device among the interim communique No.57-103406 of Japanese patent application.In this part document, the offset distance of regulating distributing point can provide the required input impedance.
Figure 19 makes the distributing point skew so that this prior art antenna assembly of required input impedance to be provided.This antenna assembly is called as planar inverted-F antenna.In planar inverted-F antenna, the corner of the plane conductor of inverse-F antenna 2 is connected to ground flat board 6, and feed part 4 is connected to the point that departs from earth point on the plane conductor, to obtain the required input impedance.When this planar inverted-F antenna is watched in the outside from the plane of ground flat board, the profile of letter " F " is arranged.Therefore, such antenna assembly is called (plane) inverse-F antenna.
Figure 20 is a curve chart, shows the directivity of the planar inverted-F antenna of prior art.In Figure 20, solid line is represented perpendicular polarization component 22, and dotted line is represented horizontal polarization component 23.In this planar inversed F-shaped antenna unit, the level of horizontal polarization component 23 is a little more than the level of perpendicular polarization component 22.
When the people carried portable radio communication device, the directional diagram average gain (PAG) on the horizontal plane was adopted in the estimation of antenna assembly characteristic.
Under the condition on the initial point that is positioned at the XYZ axle on the Z direction, PAG is provided by equation (1) at the people's who holds the portable radio communication device that contains antenna assembly head.
In equation (1), G θ (φ) and G φ (φ) represent perpendicular polarization component and the power direction of horizontal polarization component on horizontal plane (XY plane) respectively.XPR represents the orthogonal polarization power ratio, i.e. the power ratio of perpendicular polarization component and horizontal polarization component.Usually, in mobile communication under multipath conditions general orthogonal polarization power ratio XPR be 4 to 9dB.
Suppose that XPR is 9dB, will be further described PAG.
Figure 21 A to 21C is the view of prior art, shows the situation of utilizing portable radio communication device.Figure 21 A illustrates portable radio communication device and is used.Figure 21 B illustrates the enlarged side view of part A among Figure 21.Figure 21 C illustrates the amplification front elevation of part A.Shown in Figure 21 A to 21C, on the position of 60 ° of longitudinal direction inclinations, use portable radio communication device.PAG provides actual estimation index in this dialogue position.
The microstrip line antenna assembly and the monopole antenna device of prior art can not be launched the combination polarized wave, and promptly polarised direction is single.Therefore, if tilt to use portable radio communication device, the main pole direction also tilts, thereby makes actual PAG insufficient.In addition, the feed point impedance height makes the antenna assembly of prior art need a match circuit to obtain the general input impedance of 50 Ω.
In addition, in the planar inversed F-shaped antenna unit of prior art, antenna current is distributed on the ground flat board of portable radio communication device, if thereby the hand-portable radio communication device, if perhaps be placed on metal platform or the similar platform, radiation characteristic reduces greatly.Therefore, the actual PAG in communication period is low.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of super antenna assembly and a kind of super portable radio communication device.
According to the present invention, a first aspect of the present invention provides a kind of antenna assembly, it comprises: the microstrip line antenna above the ground flat board, its size is corresponding to the operating frequency of described antenna assembly: and unipolar component, its length is corresponding to described operating frequency, one end of described unipolar component is electrically connected to a point of planar microstrip wire antenna, and described microstrip line antenna has a distributing point, and it and described point have a preset distance.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of antenna assembly based on first aspect, and wherein said microstrip line antenna comprises inverse-F antenna, and it is included on the opposite side of described point, with described distributing point one segment distance is arranged, be used for the short conductors of ground connection.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a kind of antenna assembly based on first aspect, and wherein said microstrip line antenna comprises planar inverted-F antenna, and it is included on the relative side of described point, with described distributing point one segment distance is arranged, be used for the short conductors of ground connection.
A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of antenna assembly based on first aspect, the wherein said half-wavelength that is of a size of.
A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of antenna assembly based on first aspect, and wherein said unipolar component comprises unipole antenna.
A sixth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of antenna assembly based on the 5th aspect, further comprises: the sliding bearing device that is used for the described unipole antenna of sliding bearing; Switching device; With a through hole is arranged and the shell of described inverse-F antenna, described unipole antenna and described switching device and sliding bearing device is housed, wherein work as and disconnect being electrically connected of a described end and described some when described unipole antenna is comprised in the described shell with the sliding bearing device basically when described unipole antenna is electrically connected to described point by described through hole described switch when described shell extends with a described end with described sliding bearing device.
A seventh aspect of the present invention provides a kind of antenna assembly based on the 5th aspect, further comprises: the sliding bearing device that is used for the described unipole antenna of sliding bearing; Switching device; With a through hole is arranged and the shell of described inverse-F antenna, described unipole antenna and described switching device and sliding bearing device is housed, wherein work as the other end that is electrically connected described unipole antenna when described unipole antenna is comprised in the described shell with the sliding bearing device basically when described unipole antenna is electrically connected to described point by described through hole described switch when described shell extends with a described end with described sliding bearing device.
A eighth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of antenna assembly based on the 5th aspect, further comprise: switching device, be used for realizing being electrically connected of a described end and described point or disconnecting being electrically connected of a described end and described point, at described inverse-F antenna and comprise between the combined antenna of described inverse-F antenna and unipole antenna diversity operation is provided in response to switch controlling signal.
A ninth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of antenna assembly based on eight aspect, further comprises: the communication conditions checkout gear, and be used to utilize described antenna assembly to detect communication conditions, produce described switch controlling signal according to described communication conditions.
A tenth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of antenna assembly based on the 5th aspect, further comprises: printed circuit board (PCB), it has the printed patterns that described point is coupled to a described end.
A eleventh aspect of the present invention provides a kind of antenna assembly based on the 5th aspect, wherein said ground flat board has the corner that is essentially the right angle, and described unipole antenna has the first on first limit that is parallel to corner, described right angle and is parallel to the second portion on second limit in corner, described right angle.
A twelveth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of antenna assembly based on the 5th aspect, further comprises: printed circuit board (PCB), wherein said unipole antenna is formed on the described printed circuit board (PCB).
A thirteenth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of antenna assembly based on first aspect, and wherein said unipolar component comprises helical antenna.
A fourteenth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of antenna assembly based on first aspect, and the position of wherein said distributing point is to be determined by the distance of lighting from no-voltage on the microstrip line antenna.
A fifteenth aspect of the present invention provides a kind of portable radio communication device according to above-mentioned each side.
From the following detailed description of being done in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is more obvious that purpose of the present invention and feature will become.
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the antenna assembly of first embodiment.
Fig. 2 A is the view of a wavelength dipole of prior art.
Fig. 2 B and 2C are the exemplary view according to the antenna assembly of first embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a curve chart, shows the directivity on the vertical XZ plane of antenna assembly shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the perspective view of the antenna assembly of second embodiment.
Fig. 5 A and 5B are the side cross-sectional views of portable radio communication device that contains the antenna assembly of with good grounds the 3rd embodiment.
Fig. 6 is the perspective view of the antenna assembly of the 4th embodiment.
Fig. 7 is the perspective view of the antenna assembly of the 5th embodiment.
Fig. 8 is the perspective view of the antenna assembly of the 6th embodiment.
Fig. 9 is the side cross-sectional views of portable radio communication device that contains the antenna assembly of with good grounds the 7th embodiment.
Figure 10 is the perspective view of the antenna assembly of the 8th embodiment.
Figure 11 is the perspective view of the antenna assembly of the 9th embodiment.
Figure 12 is a curve chart, shows antenna assembly shown in Figure 11 directivity on vertical XZ plane.
Figure 13 is the perspective view of the antenna assembly of the tenth embodiment.
Figure 14 is a curve chart, shows antenna assembly shown in Figure 13 directivity on vertical XZ plane.
Figure 15 is the perspective view of the antenna assembly of the 11 embodiment.
Figure 16 A and 16B are the sectional views according to the antenna assembly of the 12 embodiment.
Figure 17 is the perspective view of the one pole of prior art.
Figure 18 is a curve chart, shows one pole shown in Figure 17 prior art directivity on vertical XZ plane.
Figure 19 is another prior art antenna assembly.
Figure 20 is a curve chart, shows the directivity of prior art planar inverted-F antenna.
Figure 21 A to 21C is the prior art view, shows the situation of utilizing portable radio communication device.
Identical and corresponding element or parts are represented by similar reference symbol in whole accompanying drawing.
＜the first embodiment 〉
Will be referring to figs. 1 to 8 antenna assemblies of describing according to first embodiment.In this embodiment, the operating frequency of supposing antenna assembly is 2GHz.
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of the antenna assembly of first embodiment.One pole 1 has half-wavelength (75mm) under operating frequency, its effect is the unipolar component that stretches out from portable radio communication device.
Planar inverted-F antenna 2 comprises that girth (75mm) is about the dull and stereotyped 2a of square conductor of the half-wavelength of antenna assembly operating frequency.Dull and stereotyped 2a of square conductor and ground dull and stereotyped 6 are with distance h (for example 5mm) parallel arranged.The dull and stereotyped 2a of square conductor a bit (corner) is electrically connected with ground dull and stereotyped 6.That is, this point is grounded, as no-voltage point 5a.From short circuit part 5 apart from s (for example 1mm), a feed part 4 is set, have the nose circle with dull and stereotyped 6 electric insulations in ground, on distributing point 4a, use the conductor 4b that arranges perpendicular to ground dull and stereotyped 6 to be electrically connected with square conductor flat board 2a.Short circuit part 5 is perpendicular to the dull and stereotyped arrangement in ground and be parallel to conductor 4b.In other words, distributing point 4a also is distance " s " distance from no-voltage point 5.One pole 1 and planar inverted-F antenna 2 form the combined antenna that is included in the portable radio communication device.
One end of one pole 1 is electrically connected to the tie point 3 that the dull and stereotyped 2a of square conductor locates in the face of the other end (diagonal angle end) of short circuit part 5.Then, one pole 1 and plate aerial 2 form combined antenna, and wherein one pole 1 and plate aerial 2 are energized at single distributing point 4a place.
The operation of the antenna assembly shown in the figure will be described with reference to figure 2A to 2C.Fig. 2 A illustrates a wavelength dipole 7, as an example.The distributing point of a wavelength dipole 7 is connected to quarter-wave matching stub 8.The feed point impedance of a wavelength dipole 7 is hundreds of ohms, and this is than higher.The effect of quarter-wave matching stub 8 is the match circuits with wavelength dipole 7 impedance phase coupling, provides for example required feed forward program controller impedance of 50 Ω at the suitable distributing point 9 of quarter-wave matching stub 8.The CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of a wavelength dipole 7 is illustrated by dotted line and arrow among Fig. 2 A.
Fig. 2 B illustrates the structure that the left part by a wavelength dipole 7 shown in the dull and stereotyped 13 alternate figures 2A of land used derives.One pole 10 has half-wavelength.Quarter-wave matching stub 11 is corresponding to a side part of quarter-wave matching stub 8.CURRENT DISTRIBUTION is represented by dotted line among Fig. 2 B and arrow.Yet, quarter-wave matching stub 11 is regarded as the inverse-F antenna that is arranged on the ground flat board.
Fig. 2 C illustrates by arranging one pole to extend the structure that derives slightly from quarter-wave matching stub 15.In Fig. 2 C, inverse-F antenna 15 is arranged on the ground dull and stereotyped 6, and the direction of one pole 14 is identical with the direction of inverse-F antenna 15.CURRENT DISTRIBUTION is in this case illustrated by dotted line among Fig. 2 C and arrow.That is, one pole 14 and inverse-F antenna 15 are as the combined antenna work by single distributing point 16 excitations.Here, inverse-F antenna 15 is as the match circuit of one pole 14 and work, and himself is also worked as a part of radiated element.In addition, this combined antenna shows radiation directivity, and it only is different from directivity that is obtained by one pole 14 or the directivity that only obtains by inverse-F antenna 15.
In addition, inverse-F antenna 15 is formed by strip or linear conductor.Yet by the high point (corner) of the impedance that unipole antenna 14 is connected to planar inverted-F antenna, planar inverted-F antenna or microstrip line antenna illustrate similar features.
In Fig. 2 C, replace inverse-F antenna 15 with planar inverted-F antenna, the antenna assembly shown in Fig. 1 is provided.As shown in Figure 1, the high impedance on planar inverted-F antenna 2 is the tie point 3 that connects unipole antenna 1.
Distance between adjusting distributing point 4a and the short circuit part 5 can provide the impedance matching of planar inverted-F antenna 2.That is, distance is to determine like this, makes that planar inverted-F antenna 2 is 50 Ω in the impedance of distributing point 4a.Yet,, so, do not have very big change in the impedance of distributing point 4a, because planar inverted-F antenna 2 and unipole antenna 2 all are high in the impedance of tie point 3 each other if one pole 1 is connected to this tie point 3.In fact, the S that adjusts the distance in about 1mm scope finely tunes, so that the impedance of 50 Ω to be provided.
Fig. 3 is a curve chart, shows the directivity of the antenna assembly shown in Fig. 1 on vertical XZ plane.Solid line 17 is represented the perpendicular polarization component, and dotted line 18 is represented the horizontal polarization component.
The directivity of level shown in Fig. 3 and perpendicular polarization component is different from the directivity shown in Figure 18 and 20.The average level of the directivity of the horizontal polarization component of the antenna assembly of first embodiment is higher than the average level shown in Figure 18.This is because the antenna current emitting radio wave that is distributed in the two at unipole antenna 1 and planar inverted-F antenna.Therefore, the antenna current that is present in the ground dull and stereotyped 6 is low, thereby radiation efficiency does not greatly reduce when holding the portable radio communication device that contains this antenna assembly on hand.Have, the horizontal polarization component is higher than the component shown in Figure 17 again.So (Figure 21 A to 21C) PAG is about-5dB under communication condition.
As mentioned above, under communication condition, provide high antenna performance, and the match circuit that need not to have simple structure according to antenna assembly and the portable radio communication device of first embodiment, be about to unipole antenna 1 be connected to planar inverted-F antenna a bit on.
The length of unipole antenna 1 is not limited to half-wavelength.That is, the length of unipole antenna 1 can change, as long as impedance matching is provided.
＜the second embodiment 〉
Fig. 4 is the perspective view according to the antenna assembly of second embodiment.
Antenna assembly according to second embodiment is substantially the same with the antenna assembly of first embodiment.Difference is that inverse-F antenna 24 substitutes planar inverted-F antenna 2.
As shown in Figure 4, inverse-F antenna 24 comprises that length is about quarter-wave (37.5mm) and widely is the conductor plate 24a of 2mm.Inverse-F antenna 24 is arranged on the ground dull and stereotyped 6 along the edge of the ground flat board 6 of rectangular shape.Distance between inverse-F antenna 24 and the ground dull and stereotyped 6 for example is 5mm.One end of inverse-F antenna 24 is connected to ground dull and stereotyped 6 by short circuit part 26.The other end of inverse-F antenna 24 is connected to an end of unipole antenna 1.Arrange the longitudinal direction of unipole antenna 1 perpendicular to inverse-F antenna 24.
As shown in Figure 4, inverse-F antenna 24 is arranged in the horizontal plane (XY), thereby main radiation level polarization components.Therefore, the level that is higher than first embodiment according to the horizontal component level of second embodiment on directivity.That is, be about-4dB at the PAG of communication period, this is higher relatively.
In the present embodiment, ground flat board 6 has rectangular shape.Yet having only corner 6c under inverse-F antenna can be the right angle.
＜the three embodiment 〉
Fig. 5 A and 5B number contain the side cross-sectional views of portable radio communication device of the antenna assembly of with good grounds the 3rd embodiment.Antenna assembly according to the 3rd embodiment has and the essentially identical structure of first example structure.Difference is as follows:
The bottom end of unipole antenna 27 (in the drawings) has the contact 28 that this bottom end is electrically connected with the end (corner) of planar inverted-F antenna 2.62 supportings of sliding bearing member have the unipole antenna 27 of sliding action.Shell 60 be equipped with planar inverted-F antenna 2, dull and stereotyped 6 and unipole antenna 27, have the through hole that allows unipole antenna 27 extend from shell 60.
When unipole antenna 27 when shell 60 extends, contact 28 makes unipole antenna 27 be electrically connected to the end of planar inverted-F antenna 2.In this case, the antenna assembly according to the 3rd embodiment carries out work with the method identical with the antenna assembly of first embodiment.
When unipole antenna 27 is comprised in the shell 60 basically, contact 28 not with an end in contact of planar inverted-F antenna 27, thereby planar inverted-F antenna 2 work are only arranged.Therefore the user can select to extend unipole antenna and with unipole antenna receiving mode with which.
Determine the position that contact 28 is in contact with it according to the impedance matching between unipole antenna 27 and the inverse-F antenna 2.
In addition, can substitute planar inverted-F antenna 2 with the inverse-F antenna shown in Fig. 4 24, as represented by Fig. 5 A and 5B bracket internal reference label.
＜the four embodiment 〉
Fig. 6 is the perspective view according to the antenna assembly of the 4th embodiment.Structure according to the antenna assembly of the 4th embodiment has and the similar structure of the first embodiment antenna device arrangement.Difference is further to provide a HF switch 30 between an end of a jiao of planar inverted-F antenna 2 and unipole antenna 1.
Corresponding to the switch-over control signal 63 that produces by control circuit 31 HF switch is controlled.Feed part 4 offers receiving circuit 32 to received signal, and control circuit 31 detects the level of received signal and produces switch-over control signal 63 according to detecting level, makes the level of received signal remain height.
When HF switch 30 closures, the antenna assembly of the 4th embodiment has played the combined antenna effect that comprises unipole antenna 1 and planar inverted-F antenna 2, has directivity shown in Figure 3.
When HF switch 30 was opened, planar inverted-F antenna 2 was as individual antenna work and provide and be different from directivity shown in Figure 3.Control HF switch 30 makes incoming level remain height, so that provider tropism's diversity operation.
Can control this diversity operation according to the uplink transmission quality data of base station in this zone.That is, the base station produces uplink transmission quality data according to detecting the uplink transmission quality and detect level according to this from the incoming level of this portable radio communication device etc.Control circuit 31 receives uplink transmission quality data and produces switch-over control signal 63.
Can substitute planar inverted-F antenna 2 with inverse-F antenna 24.
As mentioned above, the antenna assembly according to the 4th embodiment provides the directional diversity operation with HF switch 30.
＜the five embodiment 〉
Fig. 7 is the perspective view according to the antenna assembly of the 5th embodiment.Antenna assembly according to the 5th embodiment has and the essentially identical structure of second example structure.Difference is inverse-F antenna 24 is arranged on the printed circuit board (PCB) 36.The end of unipole antenna 35 is connected to nose circle 33 or is in contact with it.The end of inverse-F antenna 24 is connected to this nose circle 33 by welding conductors 24b.Feed part 25 is by being welded to connect the nose circle 34 to the printed circuit board (PCB) 36.The other end of inverse-F antenna 24 is connected to ground dull and stereotyped 37 with short circuit part 26.
Antenna assembly shown in Figure 7 is worked with the antenna assembly of second embodiment the samely.In the mill, welding inverse-F antenna 24 adheres to unipole antenna 35 then, makes the end of unipole antenna contact nose circle 33, thereby can simplify the syndeton between inverse-F antenna 24 and the unipole antenna 35, improves the efficient of making.
In addition, the HF switch among the 4th embodiment 30 can be arranged between unipole antenna 35 and the inverse-F antenna 24 by increasing by a nose circle (not shown).
＜the six embodiment 〉
Fig. 8 is the perspective view according to the antenna assembly of the 6th embodiment.Antenna assembly according to the 6th embodiment has and the essentially identical structure of first example structure shown in Figure 1.Difference is that helical antenna 38 substitutes unipole antenna 1.That is, helical antenna 38 plays unipolar component.Helical antenna 38 is worked with normal mode (axial mode).For example, the height of helical antenna is 10mm, and diameter is about 5mm.Helical antenna 38 is electrically connected with planar inverted-F antenna 2 at tie point 3.Make the impedance of helical antenna 38 equal the impedance of half-wavelength unipole antenna at the tie point place.
This antenna has shown the essentially identical directivity of antenna assembly directivity with first embodiment shown in Figure 1.In addition, under operating frequency, the height of helical antenna 38 is about 10mm, so that can reduce the size of the antenna assembly of this embodiment.In addition, can substitute planar inverted-F antenna 2 with inverse-F antenna 24, as shown in Figure 8.
＜the seven embodiment 〉
Fig. 9 is the side cross-sectional views of portable radio communication device that contains the antenna assembly of with good grounds the 7th embodiment.Antenna assembly according to the 7th embodiment has and the essentially identical structure of the 6th example structure.Different is, and helical antenna 39 is arranged to is arranged on the vertical direction on dull and stereotyped 6 planes, ground along the minor face (thickness direction of shell) or the helical antenna 39 of parallel hexahedron shell 40.
In operation, if helical antenna 39 does not exist and radio wave is only received or emission by planar inverted-F antenna 2, planar inverted-F antenna 2 has reduced antenna performance very near metal platform 41 so that the electricity between planar inverted-F antenna 2 and the metal platform 41 interacts so.In this case, PAG reduces for example about-20dB.
On the other hand, in the antenna assembly of present embodiment, helical antenna 39 is arranged on the direction perpendicular to ground dull and stereotyped 6 and metal platform 41 surfaces.So, helical antenna 39 is with normal mode work and show high radiation character, so that PAG brings up to-13dB.
＜the eight embodiment 〉
Figure 10 is the perspective view according to the antenna assembly of the 8th embodiment.
Antenna assembly according to the 8th embodiment has and the essentially identical structure of first example structure.That is, antenna assembly 1 is connected to microstrip line antenna 42, the latter regulate input impedance with the position of distributing point 43a and with unipole antenna 1 as combined antenna work.In other words, planar inverted-F antenna 2 is substituted by microstrip line 42.
Being about of microstrip line antenna 42 is half-wavelength (75mm), wide about 15mm.One end of microstrip line antenna 42 is connected to unipole antenna 1 at tie point 3 places.Feed part 43 is connected to distributing point 43a, separates a preset distance with tie point 3.In addition, according to distributing point 43a and at voltage on the microstrip line 43 be distance adjustment input impedance between zero the no-voltage point 64 (but this point demonstration maximum current).
In Figure 10, dotted line and arrow show the CURRENT DISTRIBUTION of half-wavelength microstrip line 42 and unipole antenna 1.The directivity that comprises the combined antenna of half-wavelength microstrip line antenna 42 and unipole antenna 1 be different from first embodiment (Fig. 1) directivity (Fig. 3) and the Z direction and-Z direction upper offset.If the width b of half-wavelength microstrip line antenna 42 is broadened, bandwidth is widened, because the electricity volume of antenna becomes big.For example, the described planar inverted-F antenna 2 of Fig. 1 has the bandwidth (the bandwidth ratio is 5%) of 100MHz.On the other hand, the bandwidth of half-wavelength microstrip line antenna 42 is about 150MHz (the bandwidth ratio is 7.5%).
As mentioned above, unipole antenna 1 is connected provide antenna assembly with half-wavelength microstrip line antenna 42, thereby high antenna performance is provided, but also wide bandwidth is provided according to the 8th embodiment.
Can use microstrip line antenna 42 among the embodiment in front.That is, microstrip line antenna 42 can alternate figures 5A and 5B described in the 3rd embodiment in planar inverted-F antenna 2.In addition, the planar inverted-F antenna 2 among the 4th embodiment of microstrip line antenna 42 described in can alternate figures 6, the inverse-F antenna 24 among the 5th embodiment described in Fig. 7, the planar inverted-F antenna 2 among the 6th embodiment described in Fig. 8.
＜the nine embodiment 〉
Figure 11 is the perspective view according to the antenna assembly of the 9th embodiment.Antenna assembly according to the 9th embodiment has and the essentially identical structure of first example structure.Different is that folded monopole antenna 44 has substituted unipole antenna 1.
Folded monopole antenna 44 has half-wavelength (75mm), and the one end is connected to planar inverted-F antenna 2 at tie point 3 places.The 44a of first of folded monopole antenna 44 is arranged to along (directly) edge 6a of rectangular shape ground flat board 6.The second portion 44b of unipole antenna 44 is arranged to along the neighboring edge 6b of ground flat board 6, and wherein 44a of first and second portion 44b have vertical relation.Be about 5mm apart from g between the edge 6a on the 44a of first of unipole antenna 44 and ground dull and stereotyped 6.Unipole antenna 44 is installed in the shell 60.
Figure 12 is a curve chart, shows the directivity of the described antenna assembly of Figure 11 on vertical XZ plane.In Figure 12, solid line is represented perpendicular polarization component 45 and dotted line is represented horizontal polarization component 46.Only improved the average level of perpendicular polarization component from the directivity of planar inverted-F antenna 2, therefore, the radiation of horizontal plane (XY plane) is enhanced.
Under the communication condition shown in Figure 21 A to 21C with this antenna assembly, folded monopole antenna 44 can be near user's head.Yet antenna assembly is arranged in a relative side of loud speaker, thereby the influence of human body to the radiation characteristic of antenna assembly eliminated in this arrangement.
If antenna assembly is used in the wireless data terminal, as portable radio communication device, for example the user is placed on wireless data terminal in the chest pocket.The orientation of the shell of wireless data terminal is not constant.That is, in the situation of prior art shown in Figure 19, perhaps inverse-F antenna is near human body, and perhaps opposite side is near human body.If inverse-F antenna is near human body, PAG is about-8dB so.
On the other hand, the PAG of antenna assembly shown in Figure 11 is improved because not the direction of pipe shell how folded monopole antenna 44 keeps clear of human body.Therefore, the PAG of wireless data terminal is about-6dB, so be better according to the antenna assembly of the 9th example as wireless data terminal.This embodiment can be applicable to the 5th embodiment shown in Figure 7.That is, unipole antenna 44 can substitute unipole antenna 35 (38).
＜the ten embodiment 〉
Figure 13 is the perspective view according to the antenna assembly of the tenth embodiment.Antenna assembly according to the tenth embodiment has and the essentially identical structure of the 9th example structure.Different is that inverse-F antenna 24 substitutes planar inverted-F antenna 2.
Figure 14 is a curve chart, shows antenna assembly shown in Figure 13 directivity on vertical XZ plane.In Figure 14, solid line is represented perpendicular polarization component 47, and dotted line is represented horizontal polarization component 48.Only the directivity of 2 inverse-F antennas 24 has improved the average level of perpendicular polarization component from the plane, and therefore, the radiation of horizontal plane (XY plane) is enhanced.
Under the communication condition as shown in figure 21 with this antenna assembly, folded monopole antenna 44 can be near user's head.Yet antenna assembly is arranged in a relative side of loud speaker, thereby the influence of human body to the radiation characteristic of antenna assembly eliminated in this arrangement.
If antenna assembly is used in the wireless data terminal, as portable radio communication device, for example the user is placed on wireless data terminal in the chest pocket.The orientation of the shell of wireless data terminal is not constant.That is, perhaps inverse-F antenna is near human body, and perhaps opposite side is near human body.If inverse-F antenna is near human body, PAG is about-8dB so.
On the contrary, the PAG of antenna assembly shown in Figure 13 is improved, because the direction of pipe shell is not how, folded monopole antenna 44 keeps clear of human body.Therefore, the PAG when being used in wireless data terminal is about-6dB, so be better according to the antenna assembly of the 9th example as wireless data terminal.
＜the ten one embodiment 〉
Figure 15 is the perspective view according to the antenna assembly of the 11 embodiment.Structure according to the structure of the antenna assembly of the 11 embodiment and the tenth embodiment is basic identical.Different is that folded monopole antenna 49 is formed on the printed circuit board (PCB) 36.Have on the printed circuit board (PCB) 36 that the unipole antenna 49 of half-wavelength forms, an end of inverse-F antenna 24 is connected to and connects nose circle 50 or be in contact with it.The other end of inverse-F antenna 24 is connected to the ground flat board 37 that is formed on the printed circuit board (PCB) 36.
In the mill, unipole antenna 49, dull and stereotyped 37 and feed part 25 be formed on the printed circuit board (PCB) 36.Yet inverse-F antenna 24 is installed on the printed circuit board (PCB) 36, as shown in Figure 15.Therefore, manufacture process obtains simplifying.
In addition, planar inverted-F antenna 2 can substitute inverse-F antenna 24.
＜the ten two embodiment 〉
Figure 16 A and 16B are the sectional views according to the antenna assembly of the 12 embodiment.Antenna assembly according to the 12 embodiment has and the essentially identical structure of the 3rd example structure shown in Fig. 5 A and the 5B.Different is contact 54 further contacts with contact 53 at unipole antenna 51 upper ends.
When being contained in unipole antenna 54 in the shell 60, contact 53 contacts with the contact 54 of planar inverted-F antenna 2.Yet antenna assembly is worked in the mode identical with antenna assembly shown in Figure 11 under this condition.Therefore, if the portable radio communication device that contains the antenna assembly of with good grounds present embodiment is placed in the chest pocket, can provide high PAG.
As mentioned above, when unipole antenna 51 was extended, in mode same as shown in Figure 1, unipole antenna 51 was connected with planar inverted-F antenna 2.In addition, in the time of in unipole antenna 51 is pushed into shell 60, with same way as shown in Figure 11, unipole antenna 51 is connected with planar inverted-F antenna 2, thereby can automatically change antenna performance according to service condition (position).
Inverse-F antenna 24 can substitute planar inverted-F antenna 2.Microstrip line antenna 42 can substitute planar inverted-F antenna 2.
In the above-described embodiments, the printed patterns that is formed on the medium substrate is provided for planar inverted-F antenna 2, inverse-F antenna 24 and half-wavelength microstrip line antenna.
As mentioned above, according to antenna assembly of the present invention, its wavelength is connected to its size on the ground flat board corresponding to a point of the microstrip line antenna of operating frequency corresponding to an end of the unipole antenna of operating frequency.Regulate distributing point at no-voltage point, so that the required input impedance to be provided.The combined antenna that comprises unipole antenna and microstrip line (inverse-F antenna) antenna demonstrates suitable directivity and emission effciency.
In the above-described embodiments, can use the unipole antenna shown in Fig. 1,4,6,7 and 10 to substitute helical antenna 38.
Claims (39)
1. antenna assembly is characterized in that described device comprises:
Microstrip line antenna on the ground flat board, its size is corresponding to the operating frequency of described antenna assembly; And
Its length is corresponding to the unipolar component of described operating frequency, and an end of described unipolar component is electrically connected to a point of described planar microstrip wire antenna, and described microstrip line antenna has a distributing point, and it and described point have a preset distance.
2. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described microstrip line antenna comprises inverse-F antenna, and it is included on the relative side of described point, with described distributing point one distance is arranged, be used for the short conductors of ground connection.
3. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described unipolar component comprises unipole antenna.
4. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that further comprising: the sliding bearing device that is used for the described unipole antenna of sliding bearing;
Switching device; And
Have a through hole and contain the shell of described inverse-F antenna, described unipole antenna, described switching device and sliding bearing device, wherein work as and disconnect being electrically connected of a described end and described some when described unipole antenna is included in the described shell with described sliding bearing device basically when described unipole antenna is electrically connected to described point by described through hole described switch when described shell extends with a described end with described sliding bearing device.
5. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that further comprising: the sliding bearing device that is used for the described unipole antenna of sliding bearing;
Switching device; And
Have a through hole and contain the shell of described inverse-F antenna, described unipole antenna, described switching device and sliding bearing device, wherein work as the other end that is electrically connected described unipole antenna when described unipole antenna is included in the described shell with described sliding bearing device basically when described unipole antenna is electrically connected to described point by described through hole described switch when described shell extends with a described end with described sliding bearing device.
6. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that further comprising: in response to switch-over control signal, the switching device shifter that a described end is electrically connected with described point or disconnects from described electricity is to provide described inverse-F antenna and to contain diversity operation between the combined antenna of described inverse-F antenna and unipole antenna.
7. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that further comprising: the communication conditions checkout gear, and be used to utilize described antenna assembly to detect communication conditions, produce described switch-over control signal according to described communication conditions.
8. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that further comprising printed circuit board (PCB), has to make described point be coupled to the printed patterns of a described end.
9. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described unipole antenna comprises a part of arranging along the dull and stereotyped straight edge in described ground with preset distance.
10. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that further comprising printed circuit board (PCB), and wherein said unipole antenna is formed on the described printed circuit board (PCB).
11. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described unipolar component comprises helical antenna.
12. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that further comprising the shell that is essentially parallelepiped shape that is used to comprise described inverse-F antenna and described helical antenna, wherein said helical antenna is arranged along the shortest one side of described parallelepiped shape.
13. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described microstrip line antenna comprises planar inverted-F antenna, and it is included on the relative side of described point, with described distributing point one distance is arranged, be used for the short conductors of ground connection.
14. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described unipolar component comprises unipole antenna.
15. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that further comprising:
The sliding bearing device that is used for the described unipole antenna of sliding bearing;
Switching device; And
Have a through hole and contain the shell of described planar inverted-F antenna, described unipole antenna, described switching device and sliding bearing device, wherein by described through hole described switch when described shell extends a described end is electrically connected to described point with described sliding bearing device when described unipole antenna, and when described unipole antenna is included in the described shell with described sliding bearing device basically being electrically connected of the described end of electric disconnection and described point.
16. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, further comprises: the sliding bearing device that is used for the described unipole antenna of sliding bearing;
Switching device; And
Have a through hole and contain the shell of described inverse-F antenna, described unipole antenna, described switching device and sliding bearing device, wherein work as the other end that is electrically connected described unipole antenna when described unipole antenna is included in the described shell with described sliding bearing device basically when described unipole antenna is electrically connected to described point by described through hole described switch when described shell extends with a described end with described sliding bearing device.
17. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 14, it is characterized in that further comprising, the switching device shifter that a described end is electrically connected with described point or disconnects from described electricity in response to switch-over control signal is to provide described planar inverted-F antenna and to contain diversity operation between the combined antenna of described planar inverted-F antenna and unipole antenna.
18. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 17 is characterized in that, further comprises the communication conditions checkout gear, is used to utilize described antenna assembly to detect communication conditions, produces described switch-over control signal according to described communication conditions.
19. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that further comprising printed circuit board (PCB), has to make described point be coupled to the printed patterns of a described end.
20. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that, described unipole antenna comprises a part of arranging along the dull and stereotyped straight edge in described ground with preset distance.
21. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 14 is characterized in that further comprising printed circuit board (PCB), wherein said unipole antenna is formed on the described printed circuit board (PCB).
22. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described unipolar component comprises helical antenna.
23. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 22, it is characterized in that further comprising the shell that is essentially parallelepiped shape that is used to comprise described planar inverted-F antenna and described helical antenna, wherein said helical antenna is arranged along the shortest one side of described parallelepiped shape.
24. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the described half-wavelength that is of a size of.
25. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, described unipolar component comprises unipole antenna.
26. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 25 is characterized in that further comprising:
The sliding bearing device that is used for the described unipole antenna of sliding bearing;
Switching device; And
Have a through hole and contain the shell of described microstrip line antenna, described unipole antenna, described switching device and sliding bearing device, wherein work as described unipole antenna being electrically connected of the described end of electric disconnection and described point when being included in the described shell basically with described sliding bearing device when described unipole antenna will a described end be electrically connected to described point with described sliding bearing device by described through hole described switch when described shell extends.
27. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 25 is characterized in that further comprising:
The sliding bearing device that is used for the described unipole antenna of sliding bearing;
Switching device; And
Have a through hole and contain the shell of described microstrip line antenna, described unipole antenna, described switching device and sliding bearing device, wherein work as the other end that is electrically connected described unipole antenna when described unipole antenna is included in the described shell with described sliding bearing device basically when described unipole antenna is electrically connected to described point by described through hole described switch when described shell extends with a described end with described sliding bearing device.
28. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that, the switching device shifter that a described end is electrically connected with described point or disconnects from described electricity in response to switch-over control signal is to provide described planar inverted-F antenna and to contain diversity operation between the combined antenna of described planar inverted-F antenna and unipole antenna.
29. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 28 is characterized in that, further comprises the communication conditions checkout gear, is used to utilize described antenna assembly to detect communication conditions, produces described switch-over control signal according to described communication conditions.
30. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 25 is characterized in that, further comprises printed circuit board (PCB), has the printed patterns that described point is coupled to a described end.
31. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 24 is characterized in that, described unipolar component comprises helical antenna.
32. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 31, it is characterized in that further comprising the shell that is essentially parallelepiped shape that is used to comprise described planar inverted-F antenna and described helical antenna, wherein said helical antenna is arranged along the shortest one side of described parallelepiped shape.
33. a portable radio communication device, it comprises:
Antenna assembly, it comprises:
Microstrip line antenna on the ground flat board, its size is corresponding to the operating frequency of described antenna assembly; With
Its length is corresponding to the unipolar component of described operating frequency, and an end of described unipolar component a bit is electrically connected with described planar microstrip wire antenna, and described microstrip line antenna has a distributing point, with described point one preset distance is arranged;
Reception and emitter with described antenna assembly communication are provided; And
The shell that contains described reception and emitter and described antenna assembly.
34. portable radio communication device as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, described microstrip line antenna comprises inverse-F antenna, and it is included on the relative side of described point, with described distributing point one distance is arranged, be used for the short conductors of ground connection.
35. portable radio communication device as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, described microstrip line antenna comprises planar inverted-F antenna, and it is included on the relative side of described point, with described distributing point one distance is arranged, be used for the short conductors of ground connection.
36. portable radio communication device as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, the described half-wavelength that is of a size of.
37. portable radio communication device as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, described unipolar component comprises unipole antenna.
38. portable radio communication device as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, described unipolar component comprises helical antenna.
39. antenna assembly as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the position of described distributing point is to be determined by the distance that the no-voltage from the microstrip line antenna is lighted.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000252071A JP2002064324A (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2000-08-23 | Antenna device |
| JP252071/00 | 2000-08-23 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1339849A true CN1339849A (en) | 2002-03-13 |
| CN1265501C CN1265501C (en) | 2006-07-19 |
Family
ID=18741381
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB011047674A Expired - Fee Related CN1265501C (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2001-02-23 | Antenna device and portable radio communication device |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6452558B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1182727B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002064324A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1265501C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2334721C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60127905T2 (en) |
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| US6166694A (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 2000-12-26 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Printed twin spiral dual band antenna |
| JP2000036702A (en) * | 1998-07-21 | 2000-02-02 | Hitachi Ltd | Radio terminal |
| JP2000114856A (en) * | 1998-09-30 | 2000-04-21 | Nec Saitama Ltd | Reversed f antenna and radio equipment using the same |
| FI112986B (en) * | 1999-06-14 | 2004-02-13 | Filtronic Lk Oy | Antenna Design |
| US6225951B1 (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2001-05-01 | Telefonaktiebolaget L.M. Ericsson | Antenna systems having capacitively coupled internal and retractable antennas and wireless communicators incorporating same |
-
2000
- 2000-08-23 JP JP2000252071A patent/JP2002064324A/en active Pending
-
2001
- 2001-01-25 US US09/768,254 patent/US6452558B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-01-31 DE DE60127905T patent/DE60127905T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-31 EP EP01102271A patent/EP1182727B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-08 CA CA002334721A patent/CA2334721C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-02-23 CN CNB011047674A patent/CN1265501C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100459291C (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2009-02-04 | 西门子公司 | Broadband planar inverted F antenna |
| CN1937318B (en) * | 2006-10-12 | 2010-11-10 | 上海交通大学 | Reverse-F-like multi frequency antenna unit and low-coupling multi antenna comprising same |
| CN101165968B (en) * | 2006-10-20 | 2011-11-30 | 光宝科技股份有限公司 | Omnidirectional super broad-band antenna suitable for plug-and-play transmission device |
| CN102044740A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2011-05-04 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Antenna device and mobile terminal |
| CN102044740B (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2014-05-28 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Antenna device and mobile terminal |
| CN102299401A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2011-12-28 | 北京理工大学 | Signal interference antenna device |
| CN102299401B (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2013-07-03 | 北京理工大学 | Signal interference antenna device |
| CN104051853A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-09-17 | 宏碁股份有限公司 | Communication apparatus |
| CN104300234A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2015-01-21 | 联想(北京)有限公司 | Antenna device, electronic equipment and method for controlling antenna device |
| CN107925166A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2018-04-17 | 高通股份有限公司 | Half paster antenna of elevation radiation short connection type |
| JP2018530213A (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2018-10-11 | クアルコム，インコーポレイテッド | Low angle radiation short half patch antenna |
| CN107925166B (en) * | 2015-09-02 | 2020-09-25 | 高通股份有限公司 | Elevation angle radiation short-circuit type semi-patch antenna |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1265501C (en) | 2006-07-19 |
| CA2334721C (en) | 2003-10-07 |
| EP1182727A2 (en) | 2002-02-27 |
| US6452558B1 (en) | 2002-09-17 |
| US20020041256A1 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
| CA2334721A1 (en) | 2002-02-23 |
| JP2002064324A (en) | 2002-02-28 |
| DE60127905T2 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
| EP1182727A3 (en) | 2003-08-13 |
| DE60127905D1 (en) | 2007-05-31 |
| EP1182727B1 (en) | 2007-04-18 |
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Granted publication date: 20060719 Termination date: 20140223 |