CN1332967A

CN1332967A - Biological agonist (BAY-2) for preventing and eliminating blue mold and grey mould of fruit and vegetable being picked up and technical use method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN1332967A
Application number: CN 01118646
Authority: CN
Inventors: 田世平; 范青
Original assignee: Institute of Botany of CAS
Current assignee: Institute of Botany of CAS
Priority date: 2001-06-06
Filing date: 2001-06-06
Publication date: 2002-01-30

Abstract

The present invention relates to an antagonist microzyme for safely, non-toxically and effectively controlling fruit and vegetable post-harvest main diseases of penicillium expansum link and botrytis cinerae pers: Fr. Said antagonistic microzyme is obtained by separation on the wound of peach fruit, and is identified by CABIBioscience Identification Services, and is a Cryptococcus albidus (Saito) Skinner. Said microzyme has no pathogenicity (H13/00/YC7 CABI Bioscience Identification Services), and can be safety used for biocontrolling post-harvest diseases of fruits and vegetables. Said microzyme can be combined with conventional post-harvest treatment measures, such as chemical sterilizing agent, calcium treatment and cold storage and air conditioning treatment to use.

Description

A kind of biological antagonistic bacterium (BAY-2) and technology using method of preventing and treating main disease such as postharvest fruit and vegetable mould and grey mold

The present invention relates to a kind of antagonist and technology using method of preventing and treating main disease such as postharvest fruit and vegetable mould and grey mold, belong to the biological agent technical field.

China is first big country of fruit and vegetable production and selling in the world.Since 1993, the fruit gross yield surpasses Brazil, the U.S. and India and has leapt to since the No. 1 in the world, just advance with the speed that increases every year about 10%, the gross yield of fruit in 2000 reaches 7,500 ten thousand tons, and (wherein apple accounts for 38.5%, pears account for 11.9%, oranges and tangerines account for 17.9%, and grape accounts for 7.8%), become one of main pillar of developing rural economy.Because the grown place of fruit is all away from the city, and the maturing stage is also concentrated relatively, need the disparities between supply and demand that certain storage and haul-cycle time regulates market.Yet a large amount of back losses (as rotting nutrition and moisture loss) of adopting usually take place.Although cause that the reason that the fruit and vegetable food quality worsens is a lot, it is most important reason that the disease that is caused by pathogenic microorganism is rotted.

Disease such as mould and grey mold is the main disease that causes the loss of rotting after gardening product is adopted, and causes rotting with a toll of multi-million dollar of fruits and vegetables every year.The fresh fruit of vegetables of developed country is because of being lost in about 15-24% of rotting after adopting to cause, and developing country is relatively poor owing to lacking refrigerating equipment and sanitary condition, and the loss of postharvest fruit and vegetable is up to 50%.The rotten loss of the annual fruit and vegetable of China after adopting is just up to 30,000,000,000 yuan according to statistics.Explanation thus, postharvest fruit and vegetable is very huge because of the loss of rotting to be caused.

Postharvest fruit and vegetable is rotten mainly owing to the pathogenic effects of pathogenic microorganism, and the main method of control postharvest disease is to use chemical bactericide.Though chemical bactericide has killed pathogen, many beneficial microbes have also been killed.Simultaneously, use chemical bactericide to make many germs produce pesticide resistance for a long time and reduced the protection effect of medicament it.For reaching the diseases prevention purpose, have only the dosage that strengthens medication, this has not only increased the cost of diseases prevention, and remains in the health that the chemical pesticide on the fruit and vegetable food is threatening human body, and pollution of ecological environment.The new method of seeking the substituted chemistry bactericide is extremely urgent, and adopting the artifact control has become one of effective ways that replace existing chemical bactericide.Biological control is exactly to utilize the antagonism that exists between the biology, selects the microorganism that fruits and vegetables do not work the mischief is prevented and treated the disease fungus that causes that fruit and vegetable food rots.In the screening of diseases biological control of postharvest fruits and vegetables antagonism bacterium, not only will select has obvious inhibition effect antagonism bacterium to these diseases, simultaneously, also will consider the other factors that might influence the microorganism antagonistic ability.

Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of antagonist and technology of preparing that main disease such as postharvest fruit and vegetable mould and grey mold is had positive preventive and therapeutic effect.

Another object of the present invention provides application and the using method of a kind of Cryptococcus albidus in the fruit and vegetable diseases prevention.

The technical method of general at present control postharvest disease is to use chemical bactericide.Though use chemical bactericide to kill pathogen, also killed many beneficial microbes.Simultaneously, use chemical bactericide that many germs are developed immunity to drugs to it for a long time and reduced the protection effect of medicament.Simultaneously, for reaching the consumption that the diseases prevention purpose strengthens chemical pesticide, not only increased the cost of diseases prevention in the production, the chemical pesticide that remains on the fruit and vegetable food is also threatening human beings'health and pollution of ecological environment.Patent of the present invention provides the antagonist of the chemical bactericide that can replace control postharvest fruit and vegetable main disease, and technology of preparing and using method are:

1. an antagonist (BAY-2) of preventing and treating main disease such as postharvest fruit and vegetable mould and grey mold is that wound from the peach fruit separates acquisition, can effectively prevent and treat the antagonistic yeast of main disease such as fruits and vegetables mould and grey mold, the Latin of this bacterium is by name: Cryptococcusalbidus (Saito) Skinner.

2, it is characterized in that: the separation of BAY-2 and screening technique: separate the antagonism bacterium from peach fruit wound, separate the single bacterium colony of acquisition with dilution-plate method, the single bacterium colony that obtains is cultivated, screened promptly by " in vitro " and " in vivo " bacteriostatic test again.

3,10 of BAY-2 ⁶-10 ¹⁰CFU/mL suspension can suppress the generation of main disease such as mould and grey mold in the fruit storage fully, and its control efficiency is not subjected to the influence of reserve temperature.

4, BAY-2 suspension can be used with the chemical pesticide of low concentration, with consumption and the residual hazard of minimizing on fruit and vegetable food that reduces chemical pesticide.

Through above-mentioned preparation and technical method, scientific and reasonable, active ingredient height, the generation of main disease such as penicilliosis and gray mold in suppressing fully to preserve, the steady quality of fruit and vegetable food, basic not pollution and residual.

Disease such as grey mold and mould is the main disease of postharvest fruit and vegetable duration of storage, and pathogen can be infected by wound and natural opening, also can directly invade fruit.Because ash arrhizus bacteria and mould germ are stronger to the endurance of low temperature, also can grow and cause that at the low temperature below 0 ℃ product causes a disease, and the reserve temperature of fruits and vegetables is generally about 0 ℃, so to the harm maximum of apple, pears, grape, peach fruit and victual, usually giving to produce, gray mold and penicilliosis etc. bring very tremendous loss economy.And the postharvest fruit and vegetable germ produced pesticide resistance to many chemical agents (TBZ) etc., and the sick ability that presses down of these traditional bactericidal agents is descended greatly.Our the present invention that studies have shown that has following characteristics: (1) uses A Bidasi Cryptococcus stoste, or cooperates with chemical bactericide, can prevent and treat the generation that apple is adopted the back soft rot effectively.(2) low temperature that postharvest fruit and vegetable is commonly used and controlled atmosphere storage environment do not influence the sick effect that presses down of this antagonism bacterium.(3) element that has additional nutrients can also improve the biological power of this antagonism bacterium and press down sick power.(4) use this antagonism bacterium to prevent and treat main disease such as postharvest fruit and vegetable mould and grey mold, can reduce the consumption of chemical pesticide and the residual hazard on fruit and vegetable food, protecting health and preventing the pollution of the environment all very important.Simultaneously, also help the foreign exchange earning of China's high-quality fruit and vegetable food, economic benefit and social benefit very are remarkable.

Claims

1, a kind of biological antagonistic bacterium (BAY-2) of preventing and treating main disease such as postharvest fruit and vegetable mould and grey mold is that wound from the peach fruit separates acquisition, can effectively prevent and treat the antagonistic yeast of main disease such as postharvest fruit and vegetable mould and grey mold, the Latin of this bacterium is by name: Cryptococcusalbidus (Saito) Skinner.

2, the separation of according to claim 1 it is characterized in that: BAY-2 and screening technique: the antagonism bacterium that separates from peach fruit wound, separate the single bacterium colony of acquisition with dilution-plate method, to obtain single bacterium colony and cultivate, screen promptly by " in vitro " and " in vivo " bacteriostatic test again.

3, according to claim 1,2 described, 10 of BAY-2 ⁶-10 ¹⁰CFU/mL suspension can suppress the generation of main disease such as mould and grey mold during the fruit vegetables storing fully, and its control efficiency is not subjected to the influence of reserve temperature.

4, can be used with the chemical pesticide of low concentration according to claim 1,2,3 described BAY-2 suspension, can reduce consumption 10-20 times of chemical pesticide and reduce the residual hazard of agricultural chemicals on fruit and vegetable food.