A kind of processing method of long material in composite bamboo-timber structure
Technical field the present invention relates to the processing method of a kind of processing method of composite bamboo-timber structure material, particularly a kind of long material in composite bamboo-timber structure.
The forest reserves poorness of background technology China, and economic growth has fast strengthened the demand to woodwork.For the needs people that adapt to economic growth just actively seek wood substitutes to satisfy the growing life requirement of the people.Abroad, as Europe, the United States, the day wooden integrated timber of extensive use and laminated timber in building trade.The bamboo wood integrated timber is better than similar wood-based product with the composite construction plate property, is domestic bamboo converted products newly developed in recent years, once the market favor occurring being subjected to.But the product that is used for building trade, length there is special requirement, its normalized length is generally 4m, 6m, 9m, 15m, 20m (is generally 4m and 6m as the purlin span, 9m is also arranged), and common furniture is generally 2.44m (being suitable for 4 feet * 8 feet specification hot presses of common breadth) with normalized length of material.Because 4 feet * 8 feet specification hot presses of common breadth generally can't be produced the long material greater than 2.44m, bring the in short supply of bigger difficulty and market supply for long material production.At present, the continuous flat method hot pressing unit of producing long material is arranged abroad, the import equipment price is in several hundred million units, and extremely expensive, domestic medium-sized and small enterprises generally can't be accepted.The long material of domestic required wooden building structure is badly in need of exploitation and is substituted long section product of import and production method generally by import.The long material of external similar wooden building structure mainly contains wooden integrated timber, laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and gummed beam.
Laminated timber year consumption figure in the whole world 1987 was 350,000 m
3, 1998 annual growths to 76, ten thousand m
3, the North America is increasing with annual 20% speed.According to Finland RAUTE WOODNEWS2000: whole world wood-based plate output LVL (laminated timber) in 1987 350000 m
3, MDF (medium density fibre board (MDF)) 3,380,000 m
3, oriented wood chipboard 5,470,000 m
3, particieboard 4,740 ten thousand m
3, glued board 5,060 ten thousand m
3, sawn timber 50,500 ten thousand m
3, fiberboard 1,620 ten thousand m
3, after 10 years, nearly 3 times of LVL growth rate, MDF increases by 2.4 times, and oriented wood chipboard increases by 1.8 times, and particieboard increases by 0.3 times, and glued board increases by 0.15 times, sawn timber and fiberboard output negative growth.Expect 2005, LVL is expected to develop into 4,500,000 m
3, development potentiality is huge.
Application number is 02102921.0 patent of invention " a kind of plates of solid wood is the composite board of surface layer ", having introduced a kind of is surface layer with the plates of solid wood, the centre of backing material plate and surface layer accompanies the composite board of fiberboard, has overcome general composite board and has been easy to generate shortcomings such as deformation, delamination and surface layer cracking.
Application number is 20139084.3 patent of invention " a kind of composite board and production method thereof ", has introduced a kind of waterproof, protection against the tide, etch-proof composite board and production method thereof that is formed by cloth and adhesive layer gummed.
" China and foreign countries' technical information " the 4th phase in 1996 has been delivered the good one piece of article " composite bamboo-timber structure glued board " of Tongling Vehicle Factory of Ministry of Railways button heart, introduced a kind of composite bamboo-timber structure glued board, bamboo chip that is about to process and batten are arranged with the odd-level structure in length and breadth by symmetry principle.Hot pressing and curing form.For the intensity of saving timber and improving material provides a kind of method.But this method can only be produced short material.The process equipment of domestic existing common breadth also all generally is used to produce≤sheet material or the square bar of the common breadth of 2440mm, can't be used to process the long material of architectural a large amount of uses, as I-girder, pillar etc.
Summary of the invention the objective of the invention is to explore a kind of processing method of long material in composite bamboo-timber structure.The length of described long material is generally 4880mm~20000mm.
The processing method of a kind of long material in composite bamboo-timber structure of the present invention is characterized in that comprising following method:
1, integrating bamboo sheet preparation, comprise radially subdivision bamboo chip, mitered piece together longly, edge-on be coated with that splicing is wide, hot pressing, saw limit, fixed thick sanding, finger pieces together long; Its thickness is decided because of bamboo wood, and length is pieced together wide width to required long material base according to the length fixed length of required long material base;
2, the preparation of bamboo silk integrated timber, comprise bunchy bamboo silk, drying, impregnation, drier, along fiber mat formation, hot pressing, saw limit, fixed thick sanding; Its thickness is 6~8mm, and width is the width of required long material base, and length is according to the length fixed length of required long material base;
3, long central layer preparation is peeled into veneer with small dimension wood, and dry also mitered is pieced together length after putting in order, finishing is pieced together wide; Its thickness is 1.5~2.5mm, and length is pieced together wide width to required long material base according to the length fixed length of required long material base;
4, lack central layer preparation, it is wide to get the isometric veneer assembly of length and required long material base width, and piecing together wide width is 1/8~1/2 of required long material base length;
5, compound assembly is delivered on the roller assembly platform integrating bamboo sheet as bottom earlier; Repave core formed of wood; And then spread bamboo silk integrated timber and become the middle level; So, repeat said method and spread core formed of wood, middle level and core formed of wood, spread integrating bamboo sheet at last and do the top layer, the thickness of spreading behind the top layer is required long material base thickness, and the stitching position of each layer staggers at length direction;
6, glue laminated, the method for employing cold-hot-cold continuous glue laminated; By preceding cold press, hot press, back cold press be close to roller workbench then and form cold-hot-cold pressure unit, and with its scope of operation accent on same horizontal plane; Long material base behind the compound assembly is fed to cold-hot-cold pressure unit with the speed of 200~800mm/ second, be introduced into before the cold press precompressed, enter hot press hot pressing again, after enter the back cold press cold pressing, the long material base of front end fills vacancies in order of precedence; The upward pressure plate of unit by this rhythm open simultaneously, simultaneously closed, etc. the power pressurization, and keep working continuously, glue laminated goes out continuous long material; Hot pressing time is 40~60 seconds/mm by the THICKNESS CALCULATION of long material base, and unit pressure is 2.0~2.6Mpa, and hot pressing temperature is 110~140 ℃; The pressure plare of hot press is equipped with steam heater, by steam hot pressing; Cold press adopts the pressure plare with medium channel, forces cold water circulation normal temperature to be colded pressing by water pump.
Advantage of the present invention: method of the present invention both can be produced long sheet material, can produce long square bar again.Integrating bamboo sheet is in top layer and bottom, and textural association is set up the middle level more than 5 layers, has the good characteristics of the big intensity of hardness.Wooden material is as sandwich layer, and it is strong to have gummed power, can reduce the advantage of density.Particularly adopt cold-hot-cold glue platen press, preceding cold press can play the preformer effect and stop rear end heating platen heat transferred precompressed slab; Back cold press is discharging after the long material base cooling typing of compression moulding synchronously, can prevent the torsional deformation of long material base after the high temperature step-down effectively, also can stop hot pressing temperature to pressing the influence of long material embryo.In hot pressing, apply spray and steam processing, can adopt the method for Unseal type uperize: steam Kong Xiangchang material base by spray and spray high-temperature steam, become heat transmission medium, steam penetrates long material base to long material base diffusion inside, convection current fast under pressure, meets long material base simultaneously and produces condensation reaction, the long material base that the condensation heat that is discharged makes this section fast and thermally equivalent, its central temperature rises in the short time more than 120 ℃ at the utmost point, thereby quickens to solidify, and effectively shortens hot pressing time.
According to processing method of the present invention, the expensive import of the alternative cover of employing conventional equipment is spliced continuously, concora crush special equipment processing long material in composite bamboo-timber structure, can reduce the price of long material in composite bamboo-timber structure greatly, it be had ready conditions substitute a large amount of construction timbers.The Stability Analysis of Structures of long material in composite bamboo-timber structure, the tool fire protecting performance.Stability is better than laminated wood and solid wood, and the fire resistance and the ratio of strength to weight all are better than steel.Can be used for construction timber in a large number,, even be used to length and reach the 20m building element as the joist truss purlin of 4m~9m, members such as I-girder, pillar, window frame, stair.Can also be used for non-construction timber, as bridge, vehicle (platform floor), boats and ships, furniture, sleeper etc.
Obvious through optimization of orthogonal test continuous hot pressing process effect, and detect through physical and mechanical property test and to reach expected result (seeing Table 1).
Table 1 long material in composite bamboo-timber structure physical property detects index
Performance indications |
Vertical MOR (Mpa) |
Longitudinal modulus of elasticity (Mpa) |
Glue-line shear strength (Mpa) |
Detected value |
108.9 |
9170 |
6.41 |
Annotate: for examination long material specification 4880mm * 915mm * 17mm, test specimen 730 * 165 * 17mm, moisture content 6.5%, by the orthogonal test selection process: hot pressing temperature is that 110 ℃, pressure are 2.6Mpa, time to be 16min, the two-sided modification urea-formaldehyde glue that is coated with, and the glue amount is 240g/m
2
The mechanical performance index of long material in composite bamboo-timber structure and wooden structures wood property can index comparison shows that, compare with external advanced index, be better than top grade sawn timber, gummed beam, near or reach top quality laminated veneer lumber index (seeing Table 2).
The long wood property of table 2 long material in composite bamboo-timber structure and wooden structures can compare
Classification |
Vertical MOR (Mpa) |
Longitudinal modulus of elasticity (Mpa) |
Glue-line shear strength (Mpa) |
Long material in composite bamboo-timber structure |
108.9 |
9170 |
6.41 |
Top grade sawn timber T30 |
11 |
7000 |
1.0 |
Gummed beam L40 |
14 |
8400 |
1.2 |
Laminated veneer lumber |
18 |
10000 |
1.7 |
Annotate: wooden structures material index source Finland standard in the table.Long material in composite bamboo-timber structure specification: 4880mm * 915mm * 17mm; Top grade sawn timber T30 refers to long 6m, thick 150mm, wide 225mm; Gummed beam L40 refers to long 30m, thick 150mm, wide 2m; Laminated veneer lumber specification: long 6~20m, wide 200~600mm, thick 150~350mm.
The cold press test effect shows that warpage, twisted phenomena do not take place range estimation sheet material.Detection is crooked, all within permissible value, promptly angularity is less than 1% for torsional deformation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the long material block diagram of multicomputer accessory processing;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of seven layers of long material in composite bamboo-timber structure;
Fig. 3 is the front elevational schematic of the pressure plare of hot press;
Fig. 4 is the schematic top plan view of the pressure plare of hot press.
The specific embodiment now is illustrated in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in order fully to disclose the processing method of a kind of long material in composite bamboo-timber structure of the present invention.
Embodiment one: a kind of processing method of seven layers of long material in composite bamboo-timber structure may further comprise the steps:
1, the preparation of integrating bamboo sheet:
Be that convenient processing is sawn into mao bamboon the mao bamboon section of 2m or 2.5m earlier, with broken bamboo machine ready mao bamboon Duan Jing radially subdivision flatten into bamboo chip, and drying for standby; Bamboo chip is grown assembly machine mitered assembly growing to 2.5~5m with mitered; Deliver to again on the bamboo wood jigsaw machine piece together wide.Piecing together wide process is to send the edge-on single spreading of bamboo chip to bamboo wood jigsaw machine machinery again to piece together wide.Piecing together wide and mitered pieces together and longly will notice that when gluing glue-spread should form complete sclerosis glue-line in whole glue-line both sides by the sizing material that pressurization is extruded and be advisable; Hot pressing then, saw limit, fixed thick, sand remove tabasheer.Required long material base length surpasses 5m, and it is long to adopt finger to piece together, and the integrating bamboo sheet end face that is about to length and is 2.5~5m is processed into finger tenon shape on finger joint machine, and be coated with gluing for the finger tenon and deliver on the continuous assembly lead aircraft, be one through the embedding of heating roll-in phase; Be handled easily, the thickness of integrating bamboo sheet is decided because of bamboo wood, and its width is the width of required long material base, and its length is according to the length fixed length of required long material base;
2, the preparation of bamboo silk integrated timber:
With the short material of non-specification subdivision well-thought-out plan silk on wire dissecting machine of mao bamboon, bunchy is tied up, again with bunchy bamboo silk drying, impregnation, drier back by the bamboo tow along machine direction orienting spreading on spreading machine, hot-forming then, saw limit, fixed thick sanding.The thickness of bamboo silk integrated timber is generally 6~8mm, and its width is the width of required long material base, and its length is according to the length fixed length of required long material base.
3, the preparation of long central layer:
The preparation method of long central layer: material between the fresh cut shirt directly is peeled into veneer with peeler.Deposit than bole if adopt, then answer boiling softening, 70~90 ℃ of boiling temperatures, rotary-cut immediately before uncolled.The thickness that veneer is general is 1.5~2.5mm, and width and length are accepted or rejected by material, dry through putting in order after, mitered piece together long and the finishing assembly wide, mitered method and bamboo chip mitered are roughly the same.The width of long central layer is the width of required long material base, and length is according to the length fixed length of required long material base.
Described length fixed length according to required long material base is promptly when required long material base length is in 10m, for the direct length of the long material base of finger assembly growing to of integrating bamboo sheet, bamboo silk integrated timber; Then adopt mitered to piece together the length of growing to long material base for long central layer.When the length of required long material base surpasses 10m, can when compound assembly, piece together the length of growing to required long material base again;
4, lack the preparation method of central layer: get the isometric veneer of length and required long material base width and piece together widely, piecing together wide width is 1/8~1/2 of required long material base length.
5, compound assembly: seven layers of long material in composite bamboo-timber structure as shown in Figure 2, adopt the balanced combination of symmetrical structure: top layer 8 is an integrating bamboo sheet, core formed of wood 9 is the layer of wood lamination, middle level 10 is a bamboo silk integrated timber, core formed of wood 11 is the layer of wood lamination, middle level 12 is a bamboo silk integrated timber, and core formed of wood 13 is the layer of wood lamination, and bottom 14 is an integrating bamboo sheet.
When the curtailment of used integrating bamboo sheet, bamboo silk integrated timber, long central layer, can on portable continuously long assembly machine 1 as shown in Figure 1, respectively integrating bamboo sheet, bamboo silk integrated timber finger be pieced together the length of the required long material base of long, long central layer mitered assembly growing to earlier.When equipment is installed, make the high 6~12cm of level of the follow-up roller assembly of the table plane aspect ratio platform 3 of portable continuously long assembly machine 1, be convenient to the assembly blanking.
Compound assembly is operated on the roller assembly platform 3 and carries out: earlier with integrating bamboo sheet as bottom; Repave the short central layer of double spread, the wood grain of short central layer is vertical with bamboo fibre; Spread long central layer then, repave the short central layer of double spread, the wood grain of short central layer is vertical with the wood grain of the long central layer of wood; And then spread the long central layer of wood, spread the short central layer of double spread again by described method; Crisscross symmetrical lay like this constitutes core formed of wood 13, and its thickness is 4~6mm; On the short central layer of double spread, spread bamboo silk integrated timber then and become middle level 12; So, repeat said method and spread core formed of wood 11, middle level 10 and core formed of wood 9, after integrating bamboo sheet 8 was spread on the top layer, its gross thickness was the thickness of required long material base, and the thickness of seven layers of long material in composite bamboo-timber structure is generally 30-33mm.The assembly principle of the compound long material of bamboo wood is that top layer and bottom are integrating bamboo sheet, and the middle level is a bamboo silk integrated timber, clips core formed of wood between two bamboo woods, and total number of plies is an odd number.For avoiding stress to concentrate, the stitching position of each layer should stagger at length direction.
6, glue laminated: adopt cold-hot-cold continuous glue laminated.As shown in Figure 1, be respectively cold-hot- cold pressure unit 4 and 5 in 2 dashed rectangle.Cold-hot-cold pressure unit 4 is made up of preceding cold press 4-1, hot press 4-2, back cold press 4-3 and the roller workbench 4-4 that is close to then.During Installation and Debugging the scope of operation of the said equipment and roller assembly platform 3 is transferred on same horizontal plane.
Hot press 4-2 adopts homemade BY614x8/9 type single-layer hot press, and the last lower pressure plate structure of hot press is identical, and Fig. 3 is the front elevational schematic of hot press pressure plare, and Fig. 4 is the schematic top plan view of hot press pressure plare.As shown in Figure 4, just be provided with medium channel 16 in the pressure plare of hot press originally and communicated, adopted Steam Heating with jet chimney.When processing thicker long material, require to increase spray and steam processing, spray be need set up and passage 15 and several spray steaming holes 17 steamed, spray is steamed passage 15 and is connected spray steaming hole 17 and jet chimney; Steam was squeezed into to spray from spray steaming passway 18 and is steamed passage 15 when spray was steamed, and steamed hole 17 by several sprays and sprayed to long material base, reached the purpose that long material base is heated.As shown in Figure 3, spray is steamed passway 18 between pressure plare working face and medium channel mouth 19, i.e. it is not connected and not on a horizontal plane that passage 15 and medium channel 16 are steamed in spray, has autonomous system of one's own; Spray is steamed passage 15 and is laid near the pressure plare working faces, is 9mm apart from the working face of pressure plare.The flow direction of steam such as the direction of arrow of Fig. 4.Preceding cold press 4-1 and back cold press 4-3 adopt homemade BY814x8/4 type preformer, and with preceding cold press and the back cold press last lower pressure plate all change into the pressure plare that is drilled with medium channel in the plate that uses on the hot press, cold medium is a cold water, forces cold water circulation realization normal temperature to be colded pressing by water pump.
Cold-hot-when cold continuous glue laminated unit was worked, the length of long material base charging was by the limit switch adjustment, and each charging length is generally 2.5m; The rear end of cold press 4-1 before first limit switch is located at, second limit switch is located at the rear end of hot press 4-2, and the 3rd limit switch is located at the rear end of back cold press, and the 4th limit switch is located on the roller workbench 4-4, and each limit switch is at a distance of 2.5m; The rest may be inferred, establishes 1 limit switch every 2.5m on roller workbench 4-4 afterwards, until the length of long material base.
The course of work of cold-hot-cold continuous glue laminated is as follows: when the compound long material base of the good bamboo of assembly wood is sent to cold-hot-cold pressure unit, the upward pressure plate of three forcing presses opens, the cross drive chain that is installed on the roller assembly platform 3 makes the compound long material base of bamboo wood with the 600mm/ speed charging of second, when feed end touches limit switch A1, stop charging immediately, the then upward pressure plate closing of three forcing presses and pressurization, its unit pressure is 2.0~2.6Mpa, and be 22 minutes promptly closed pressing time of the intermittent time of charging; The upward pressure plate opens afterwards, the charging again of long material base, when touching limit switch A2, feed end stops, the then upward pressure plate closing of three forcing presses and pressurization, its unit pressure is 2.0~2.6Mpa, the intermittent time of charging, closed hot pressing and the closure time of colding pressing were all 22 minutes, and hot pressing temperature is 110~140 ℃.The full course of work is controlled by cyclelog, setup parameter is the each closure of the upward pressure plate of three forcing presses and pressurizeed 22 minutes that the upward pressure plate of pressure unit is opened afterwards, and the upward pressure plate is opened and put in place after 5~10 seconds, the charging of long material base, when feed end shake-up limit switch, then conveyer stops, and charging stops, the upward pressure plate closing of pressure unit is also pressed above-mentioned parameter work, finish a work period, long material base has moved 2.5m backward, and the long material base of front end fills vacancies in order of precedence.Work continuously again and again by this rhythm, glue laminated goes out continuous long material.
Assembly production overall process as shown in Figure 1.Produce for convenience and increase work efficiency, usually by continuous long the assembly and the assembly ability, configuration 2 is overlapped or 2 cover above cold-hot-cold pressure units, to improve mass production capabilities.Disposed cold-hot-cold pressure unit 4 and cold-hot-cold pressure unit 5 among Fig. 1.The long material base that compound assembly is good on the roller assembly platform 3 is delivered to vertical roller platform 6 by vertical conveyer 2 with long material base, make long material base temporary, be sent to cold-hot- cold pressure unit 4 or 5 respectively according to rhythm of production again, cross transfer conveyer 7 and cold-hot-cold pressure unit 5 supporting uses, cold-hot-cold pressure unit 5 are by preceding cold press 5-1, hot press 5-2, back cold press 5-3 and be close to roller workbench 5-4 then and form.Like this, 2 cover cold-hot-cold pressure unit work are produced required long material in composite bamboo-timber structure.When changing the thickness of long material in composite bamboo-timber structure, suitably adjust above-mentioned parameter, can produce the long material in composite bamboo-timber structure that are fit to the different requirements of user.
Embodiment two: a kind of processing method of five layers of long material in composite bamboo-timber structure, as the embodiment one described preparation of the preparation of integrating bamboo sheet, the preparation of bamboo silk integrated timber, long central layer, preparation, compound assembly and the glue laminated of short central layer of comprising; Wherein, need to adjust following parameter: 1, seven layers of assembly are adjusted into five layers during compound assembly; The gross thickness of long material base is adjusted into 23~25mm.2, need adjust the parameter of cyclelog during glue laminated: the upward pressure plate of three forcing presses is each closed and be adjusted into 18 minutes pressing time, and need not spray and steam.