CN1329776C - Silver halide photographic emulsion and silver halide sensitive material using such emulsion - Google Patents
Silver halide photographic emulsion and silver halide sensitive material using such emulsion Download PDFInfo
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- CN1329776C CN1329776C CNB001362224A CN00136222A CN1329776C CN 1329776 C CN1329776 C CN 1329776C CN B001362224 A CNB001362224 A CN B001362224A CN 00136222 A CN00136222 A CN 00136222A CN 1329776 C CN1329776 C CN 1329776C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a silver halide photographic emulsion containing grains. The grains contained in the emulsion have a variation coefficient of distribution of an equivalent-circle diameter of all the grains of 40% or less, and 50% or more in number of all the grains in the emulsion satisfy the requirements below: silver iodobromide or silver bromochloroiodide tabular grains having (111) faces as major surfaces; the equivalent-circle diameter is 3.5 mum or more and a thickness is 0.25 mum or less; and a distance between twin planes of the tabular grain is 0.016 mum or less.
Description
The application is based on following Japanese patent application and requires their right of priority: 11-246491 number and 2000-193162 number of application on June 27th, 2000 of the application on August 31st, 11-230895 number 1 of the application on August 17th, 11-216972 number 1 of application on July 30th, 1999, the whole contents of these patented claims is incorporated herein by reference at this.
The present invention relates to have ISO and the silver emulsion of pressure character and the photographic silver halide material that uses this emulsion through improving.
The manufacture method and the operation technique of sheet silver halide particle are disclosed in the 4th, 434, and 226,4,439,520,4,414,310,4,433,048,4,414,306 and 4,459, in No. 353 United States Patent (USP)s (hereinafter referred to as USP).The known advantage of platy shaped particle is the improvement of light sensitivity/graininess relation, comprises the raising of the sense colour efficiency that obtains by spectral sensitizing dye.
Carried out the character that various researchs improve the platy shaped particle with these advantages.
USP5,219,720 disclose the technology of raising light sensitivity/graininess ratio, and it is to reduce to have (111) face as the distance between the twin plane of the platy shaped particle of first type surface.
Japanese Patent Application Publication (hereinafter referred to as JP-A-)-6-273869 discloses and has improved the technology of making stability, wherein is to use low-molecular-weight gelatin in the nucleation step that forms platy shaped particle.
On the other hand, along with silver emulsion has higher light sensitivity, than the silver emulsion that more needed proof pressure in the past.Generally, known when having various pressure to be applied on the silver halide photographic sensitive material, its photograph character also changes.For example, when in the manufacturing of photosensitive silve halide material or be loaded on carry in the camera during, when perhaps photographic material is crooked, all can on this sensitive photographic material, produce pressure, cause ashing increase or light sensitivity to reduce, this is a problem in actual the use.Particularly, when crooked photosensitive material, the equal circle diameter of platy shaped particle becomes increasing, and thickness thins down, the reduction of easier generation ashing and light sensitivity.Therefore, be starved of the particle that light sensitivity can be increased simultaneously and improve force resistance.
For example, JP-A-6-27564 and JP-A-6-258745 disclose following technology: the position of introducing highdensity dislocation line and limiting dislocation line, and the silver iodide between the particle are evenly distributed.In addition, the technology of the long-pending ratio of (100) surface area that for example in JP-A-2-298935 and 8-334850, discloses the control platy shaped particle and all surface.
But, in these patented claims, all do not describe and use the emulsion that comprises following particle, described particle has big equal circle diameter and thinner grain thickness, have high (100) surface area ratio long-pending with all surface, and having the high density dislocation line of introducing in the marginal portion of particle, the distribution of the agi content between the particle is uniform in addition.
Equally, JP-A-8-95181 discloses the technology that increases the light sensitivity in the small size zone.But the technology that increases the light sensitivity of the sheet silver halide particle in the large scale zone does not still also have maturation, and this technology is at realize that be very important ISO for being at war with digital camera in the future.Therefore, be starved of the technology of super-sens.
The purpose of this invention is to provide and in the large scale zone, comprise platy shaped particle, have the silver halide photographic emulsions that high photographic sensitivity and resistance to pressure improve greatly, the photosensitive silve halide material that uses this emulsion also is provided.
The objective of the invention is to realize by silver halide photographic emulsions of in following embodiment 1-20, describing and the photosensitive silve halide material that uses this emulsion.
(embodiment 1) a kind of silver halide photographic emulsions that comprise particle, wherein the distribution variation coefficent of the equal circle diameter of all particles is 40% or lower, and 50% in all amounts of particles or higher all meet the following conditions (i)-(iii):
(i) iodine silver bromide or bromine chlorosulfonylation silver strip shape particle have (111) face as first type surface;
(ii) equal circle diameter is 3.5 μ m or higher, and thickness is 0.25 μ m or lower, and
(iii) the distance between the twin plane of platy shaped particle is 0.016 μ m or lower.
The emulsion that (embodiment 2) described in embodiment 1, wherein, the distribution variation coefficent of the thickness of all particles is 40% or lower, and the distribution variation coefficent of the distance between the twin plane of all particles is 40% or lower.
The emulsion that (embodiment 3) described in embodiment 1, wherein, platy shaped particle except that above-mentioned condition (i)-(iii), also meet the following conditions (iv) and (v):
(iv) the content range of silver iodide is 0.7I-1.3I, and wherein I represents than (specific) agi content (mol%), and 0.3＜I＜20, and
(v) each particle is at marginal portion existence ten or more a plurality of dislocation line.
The emulsion that (embodiment 4) described in embodiment 3, wherein, condition scope (iv) is 0.8I-1.2I.
The emulsion that (embodiment 5) described in embodiment 3, wherein platy shaped particle except that above-mentioned condition (i)-(also meet the following conditions v) (vi):
(vi) dislocation line only is confined to the edge part office of particle basically.
The emulsion that (embodiment 6) described in embodiment 5, wherein, platy shaped particle except that satisfy condition (i)-(also meet the following conditions vi) (vii):
(vii) there is the electron capture zone.
The emulsion that (embodiment 7) described in embodiment 6, wherein, the average surface content of iodine of all particles is 5mol% or lower.
The emulsion that (embodiment 8) described in embodiment 6 or 7, wherein, each platy shaped particle has 10 or more a plurality of dislocation line, and the length of every line is 0.05D or higher, and wherein D represents equal circle diameter.
The emulsion that (embodiment 9) described in embodiment 1, wherein, the variation factor of the range distribution between the twin plane of all particles is 40% or lower, and uses low-molecular-weight oxidized gelatin to prepare emulsion during the nucleation step.
The emulsion that (embodiment 10) described in embodiment 3, wherein, platy shaped particle further meet the following conditions (viii):
(viii) the mean value of the long limit of all particles/minor face ratio is 1.4 or lower.
The emulsion that (embodiment 11) described in embodiment 3, wherein, (dislocation line quantity v) is that each particle is 30 or more to condition, and 80% in all amounts of particles or mostly are platy shaped particles with the dislocation line that is confined to the edge part office basically, and the ratio of (100) surface area and side surface area is 40% or bigger.
The emulsion that (embodiment 12) described in embodiment 3, wherein, platy shaped particle except that condition (i)-((ix) also meets the following conditions v):
(ix) average silver iodide content of marginal portion is than the high 2mol% of average silver iodide content of core or more.
The emulsion that (embodiment 13) described in any of embodiment 1-12, wherein, emulsion prepares by use three kinds of gelatin when particle forms at least.
The emulsion that (embodiment 14) described in any of embodiment 1-13, wherein, emulsion prepares by adding crystal behavior controlling agent during forming at particle.
The emulsion that (embodiment 15) described in any of embodiment 1-14, wherein, the distribution coefficient of the equal circle diameter of all particles is 25% or lower.
The emulsion that (embodiment 16) described in any of embodiment 1-15, wherein, condition equal circle diameter and thickness (ii) is respectively 3.5 μ m or bigger and 0.15 μ m or lower.
The emulsion that (embodiment 17) described in any of embodiment 1-15, wherein, condition equal circle diameter and thickness (ii) is respectively 4.0 μ m or bigger and 0.15 μ m or lower.
The emulsion that (embodiment 18) described in any of embodiment 1-15, wherein, condition equal circle diameter and thickness (ii) is respectively 4.0 μ m or bigger and 0.10 μ m or lower.
The photosensitive silve halide material that has sensitive emulsion layer on (embodiment 19) a kind of carrier, described emulsion layer comprise as implementing one of scheme 1-18 described silver halide magenta-sensitive emulsion.
The material that (embodiment 20) described in embodiment 19, wherein, this material comprises at least one and feels blue silver halide emulsion layer, at least one green silver halide emulsion layer and at least one red sensing coppering silver emulsion layer on carrier, and at least one red sensing coppering silver emulsion layer at least one is more farther than at least one green silver halide emulsion layer at least one apart from the distance of carrier.
Below emulsion of the present invention will be described.
In the present invention, platy shaped particle is the silver halide particle with two relative and parallel (111) first type surfaces.Platy shaped particle of the present invention has a twin plane or two or more parallel twin planes.Twin plane is that the ion at all lattice-site places therein has (111) face on two sides of mirror.
When observing on this platy shaped particle from the direction perpendicular to the first type surface of particle, it has the shapes such as triangle of triangle, square, hexagon, middle brachymemma, and each shape all has parallel outside surface.
The equal circle diameter of platy shaped particle and thickness are to use transmission electron microscope to obtain by clone method.That is to say that equal circle diameter is to calculate with the diameter of a circle (equal circle diameter) that area equates with the projected area of each independent particle.Thickness is by the length computation of the shade of duplicate.
The equal circle diameter of all particles and distribution coefficient thereof, and the thickness of all particles and distribution coefficient thereof all be with respect to 1000 or more a plurality of particle use the value that obtains by said method to determine.
In platy shaped particle of the present invention, the total projection area 50% or mostly be that equal circle diameter is that the particle of 3.5 μ m or bigger, preferred 4.0-10 μ m produces.If this diameter is lower than 3.5 μ m, can not realize ISO.If this diameter surpasses 10 μ m, improve light sensitivity by the increase size and reached to greatest extent.
In platy shaped particle of the present invention, 50% in all amounts of particles or mostly be that thickness is 0.25 μ m or lower, preferred 0.15 μ m or lower, more preferably 0.1 μ m or lower particle.
If thickness surpasses 0.25 μ m, be difficult to realize advantage by the platy shaped particle super-sens.
In emulsion of the present invention, 50% in all particles or mostly be aspect ratio be 14 or bigger, more preferably 23 or bigger, and most preferably 26 or bigger platy shaped particle.Aspect ratio is the value that obtains divided by thickness with equal circle diameter.
Emulsion of the present invention is preferably monodispersed.In the present invention, the distribution variation coefficent of the equal circle diameter of the projected area of all silver halide particles is preferably 40% or lower, and more preferably 30% or lower, and most preferably be 25% or lower.The variation factor of equal circle diameter is the value that obtains divided by average equal circle diameter by the distribution standard deviation with the equal circle diameter of single silver halide particle.
When the chemical sensitization silver halide particle, if having heterogeneity between these particles, then particle is difficult to sensitizing best.This has reduced photographic sensitivity.By this point, the thickness of platy shaped particle is preferably monodispersed.
Equally, the aspect ratio along with platy shaped particle increases the absolute value reduction of its thickness.Dissolve easily side with particle of little thickness absolute value.When forming edge dislocation matrix shape particle, the density of dislocation line reduces in the particle of its side dissolving.Platy shaped particle with polydispersion thickness is not preferred, increases because have the frequency of particle of the side of easy dissolving.From then on angle is seen, grain thickness is preferably monodispersed.The variation in thickness coefficient is preferably 40% or lower, and more preferably 30% or lower, and most preferably 20% or lower.
In preferred all amounts of particles of distance between the particles used in the present invention twin plane 50% or more mostly be 0.016 μ m or lower, 0.014 μ m or lower more preferably, and most preferably be 0.012 μ m or lower.In the platy shaped particle with three or more twin planes, the distance between distance two twin planes farthest is the distance between the twin plane.
Distance between the twin plane can obtain by the ultra-thin sections with the transmission electron microscope observation particle.In instructions of the present invention, 50% or the distance that has between 0.016 μ m or the lower twin plane of all amounts of particles is meant more is measuring 1000 or during more a plurality of particle, and 500 or more a plurality of particle have 0.016 μ m or lower distance.The coefficient of the distance between the twin plane also can by measure 1000 or the distance of more a plurality of particles obtain.
The distribution of the distance between the twin plane of platy shaped particle is also preferably monodispersed with respect to the homogeneity between the particle.This can further help the optimum chemical sensitizing of particle.
When forming edge dislocation type particle, the homogeneity of side is important, because it is directly relevant with the homogeneity of edge dislocation.The variation factor of the distance between the twin plane of platy shaped particle is preferably 40% or lower, and more preferably 30% or lower.
Have (111) face and have the shapes such as triangle of hexagon, triangle or middle brachymemma usually, and have three-fold symmetry as the sheet silver halide particle of first type surface.In these six limits, be long limit/minor face ratio with ratio from the length of side sum of the minor face of minor face to the three from the length of side sum on the long limits of longest edge to the three.
The long limit of platy shaped particle/minor face compares with respect to the homogeneity between the particle also preferably near 1.This further helps the optimum chemical sensitizing of particle.
When forming edge dislocation type particle, approach dislocation line density in the marginal portion of leg-of-mutton particle in shape and be significantly less than shape and approach density in hexagonal particle.From then on angle is seen, the long limit of particle/minor face ratio is preferably near 1.The mean value of the long limit of particle/minor face ratio is preferably 1.4 or lower.
Preparing platy shaped particle of the present invention is to be used in combination following three steps basically: nucleation, maturation and growth.Though at USP 4,797,354 and JP-A-2-838 in the method (content of these documents is incorporated herein by reference at this) described can be used for reference to preparation platy shaped particle of the present invention various conditions that must these methods of change.
In the nucleation step of core of the present invention, can use USP 4 effectively, 713,320 and 4,942, the gelatin of describing in 120 with little methionine content, and as USP 4,914, the high pBr of 014 described usefulness carries out nucleation, nucleation at short notice described in JP-A-2-222940 then, the content of these documents is incorporated herein by reference at this.In maturation shaped like chips grain emulsion of the present invention step, sometimes can be effectively as USP 5,254,453 is described in the presence of low concentration alkali or as USP5,013, the 641 described maturation of when high pH, carrying out, the content of these documents is incorporated herein by reference at this.
Its molecular weight decomposes the gelatin that reduces and has low protecting colloid ability for silver halide particle with enzyme.If further reduce the protecting colloid ability by oxidation processes, the adsorbability that then can understand silver halide became low, and if when nucleation, use this gelatin, the possibility that twin produces can not be controlled well.But, experimentally verified, though use molecular weight be 15000 low molecular weight gelatine oxidation processes is proceeded to methionine content is 3.4 μ mol/g, still can keep necessary protecting colloid ability.
Use this gelatin can allow to use oxidized gelatin to carry out three and re-add nucleation, and this helps single formation that disperses thin particle.Re-adding the time of adding gelatin between the nucleation period three can be between the nucleation period by interpolation silver salt solution and halide solution.
The molecular weight of low-molecular-weight oxidized gelatin is preferably 40000 or lower, and more preferably 30000 or lower, and most preferably be 20000 or lower.
The methionine content of gelatin is preferably 10 μ mol/g, and 4 μ mmol/g more preferably.
When preparation platy shaped particle of the present invention, preferably use at USP 5,147,771,5,147,772,5,147,773,5,171,659,5,210,031 and 5,252, the platy shaped particle forming method of the use polyoxy olefin(e) compound of describing in 453, the content of these documents is incorporated herein by reference at this.
In the present invention, the bromide sliver content of emulsion grain is preferably 80mol% or higher, and 90mol% or higher more preferably.
Equally, agi content is preferably 1-20mol% in emulsion grain of the present invention, 2-15mol% more preferably, and most preferably be 3-10mol%.The agi content that is lower than 1mol% is not preferred, because be difficult to be enhanced the also effect of best inherent light sensitivity of dyestuff absorption.The agi content that surpasses 20mol% neither be preferred, because developing powder can reduce usually.
In the present invention, silver chloride content is preferably 0-20mol%, 0-15mol% more preferably, and most preferably be 0-7mol%, and can select according to application target.
In emulsion of the present invention, suppose that specific agi content is Imol% (0.3＜I＜20), then agi content is the 100-50% that the silver halide particle of 0.7I-1.3I preferably accounts for total particle quantity, 100-80% more preferably, and most preferably be 100-90%.If this number percent outside above-mentioned scope, then is difficult to obtain effect of the present invention.
In addition, in emulsion of the present invention, agi content is the 100-50% that the silver halide particle of 0.8I-1.2I preferably accounts for total particle quantity, 100-80% more preferably, and most preferably be 100-90%.
The value of specific agi content I can be the arbitrary value in 0.3＜I＜20 scopes, promptly, the mean value when measuring the agi content of individual particle.
This relate to emulsion of the present invention " specific agi content (Imol%) " be get approach when emulsion forms the average silver iodide content that calculates value as specific agi content.I surpasses 0.3mol% but the particular value that is lower than 20mol%.Measure the agi content of one group of specific emulsion grain that the specific emulsion layer with photosensitive silve halide material separates, make particle as much as possible drop in the scope of 0.7I-1.3I, can make this value specific thus.Generally, this value approaches the arithmetic mean of agi content of described group specific emulsion grain.In fact average silver iodide content in the time of can setting the I value for preparation or the average silver iodide content that records.
The agi content of single emulsion grain can be measured by the composition of analyzing each particle with the X-ray microanalyzer.
This measuring method for example is described in the European patent 147,868.
The surperficial agi content of emulsion of the present invention is preferably 5mol% or lower, 4mol% or lower more preferably, and most preferably be 3mol% or lower.The surperficial agi content that surpasses 5mol% is not preferred, suppresses and the chemical sensitization inhibition because can take place to develop.The surface agi content can be measured with ESCA (being also referred to as XPS) method (emission X ray, spectral measurement is from the photoelectron of particle surface appearance then).
Emulsion grain of the present invention mainly is made up of (111) face and (100) face.(111) the face ratio that accounts for the whole surface of emulsion grain of the present invention is at least 70%.
In emulsion grain of the present invention, the part that (100) face occurs is the side of platy shaped particle.(111) face area that occupies the emulsion grain surface and the ratio that (100) face occupies the area of particle surface is at least 3%, and more preferably 4% or higher, and most preferably be 5% or higher.If this ratio drops on outside the above-mentioned scope, then be difficult to obtain effect of the present invention.(100) ratio of face can be controlled with reference to JP-A-2-298935 or JP-A-8-334850, and the content of these documents is incorporated herein by reference at this.(100) ratio of face can the method for the absorption dependence difference between (111) and (100) face calculate when using the absorption sensitizing dye, promptly, T.Tani, and J.Imaginig Sci., the methods of descriptions in 29 165 (1985).
In emulsion grain of the present invention, the total number of particles amount 80% or mostly be wherein the area of (100) face in the particle side than be preferably 25% or higher, more preferably 40% or higher, and most preferably 50% or higher platy shaped particle.(100) area of face in the platy shaped particle side is than calculating by the method for describing among the JP-A-8-334850 for example.
That is to say, making Cub is that (111) face occupies the area on emulsion grain surface and the ratio that (100) face occupies the area of particle surface, then the area of (100) face in the platy shaped particle side than Ecud is: Cub * (ECD+2t)/2t, wherein ECD is average equal circle diameter (μ m), and t is average particle thickness (μ m).
More specifically, (100) ratio is to control by the pH during control pAg, halogen composition, ag halide solvent concentration and the silver halide particle formation, perhaps uses with the compound of following formula (I) representative and controls.
Formula I:YO (CH
2CH
2O)
m(CH (CH
3) CH
2O)
p(CH
2CH
2O)
nY
In formula (I), Y represent hydrogen atom ,-SO
3M or-COBCOOM, M represents hydrogen atom, alkali metal atom, ammonium or has 5 or the ammonium that replaces of the alkyl of carbon atom still less, the B representative is used to form the chain or the cyclic group of organic dibasic acid, and m and n represent the integer of 0-50 respectively, and p represents the integer of 1-100.
Platy shaped particle of the present invention preferably has dislocation line in granule interior.Below will be described in and introduce dislocation line in the platy shaped particle.
Dislocation line is a tilting zone and the not linear lattice imperfection at the interface between the tilting zone on the crystal inclined-plane.Dislocation line in the silver halide crystal has been described: (1) C.R.Berry, J.Appl.Phys., 27,636 (1956) in following document for example; (2) C.R.Berry, D.C.Skilman, J.Appl.Phys., 35,2165 (1964); (3) J.F.Hamilton, Phot.Sci.Eng., 11,57 (1967); (4) T.Shiozawa, J.Soc.Photo.Sci., 34,16 (1971); And (5) T.Shiozawa, J.Soc.Phot.Sci.Jap., 35,213 (1972).Dislocation line can or use the direct observational method of low temperature transmission electron microscope to analyze by X-ray diffraction method.In using the direct observational method of transmission electron microscope, from emulsion, extract silver halide particle carefully, be not applied to the pressure that can produce dislocation line in the particle, this silver halide particle is placed on is used for the online of electron microscope observation then.The damage (as shine (print out)) of cooling sample to prevent that electron ray from producing observed with transmission beam method then.
In the case, along with the increase of grain thickness, then more be difficult to from wherein seeing through electron ray.Therefore, use high-pressure type electron microscope (thickness for 0.25 μ m uses 200kV or bigger), can more clearly observe particle.
At G.C.Famell, R.B.Flint, J.B.Chanter, J.Phot.Sci. has described the influence of dislocation line contrast phase character in 13,25 (1965).The document shows that in having the big sheet silver halide particle of big aspect ratio, the position and the defective in the particle that form latent image nuclear are closely related.For example, USP4,806,461,5,498,516,5,496,694,5,476,760 and 5,567,580 and JP-A-4-149541 and 4-149737 (these documents are incorporated herein by reference at this) in described by control and be introduced in the silver halide particle technology of introducing dislocation line.Compare with the platy shaped particle that does not have dislocation line, the platy shaped particle of introducing dislocation line by above-mentioned patent therein has excellent photographic property, as light sensitivity and resistance to pressure.In the present invention, the preferred emulsion of in these patents, describing that uses.
In the present invention, dislocation line is preferably as follows and is introduced in the platy shaped particle.That is to say, go up the silver halide phase that oriented growth comprises silver iodide, form silver halides shell then, introduce dislocation line thus at platy shaped particle (being also referred to as host grain) as substrate.
The agi content of host grain is preferably 0-15mol%, more preferably 0-12mol%, and 0-10mol% most preferably.But this agi content can be used for selecting according to actual making.It is not preferred that agi content surpasses 15mol%, because can reduce developing powder usually.
Agi content on host grain in the silver halide phase composition of oriented growth is preferably high as far as possible.Though the silver halide of oriented growth can be in silver iodide, iodine silver bromide, bromine chlorosulfonylation silver and the silver iodochloride any one mutually, preferably silver iodide or iodine silver bromide, and silver iodide more preferably.If silver halide is the iodine silver bromide mutually, silver iodide (iodide ion) content 1-45mol% preferably then, more preferably 5-45mol%, and 10-45mol% most preferably.This agi content is preferably high as far as possible, introduces the necessary mismatch of dislocation line to form.But 45mol% is the solid solution limit of iodine silver bromide.
Be formed on the 2-15mol% that this high agi content phase of oriented growth is added on the host grain halogen quantity is preferably the silver amount of host grain, more preferably 2-10mol%, and 2-5mol% most preferably.If halogen quantity is lower than 2mol%, then be difficult to introduce dislocation line.If halogen quantity surpasses 15mol%, then reduce developing powder.
This high agi content is preferably the 5-60mol% of the silver amount that forms the whole particle behind the particle mutually, more preferably 10-50mol%, and 20-40mol% most preferably.The amount that is lower than 5mol% or surpasses 60mol% is not preferred, because be difficult to by introducing the dislocation line super-sens.
Equally, this high agi content can form on the optional position of host grain mutually, that is to say that it can cover host grain or only form on concrete position.Preferably this controls the position of dislocation line mutually by selecting concrete position and oriented growth.
In the present invention, this high agi content most preferably is formed on the side and/or the bight of host's platy shaped particle mutually.In this forms, can freely select add the ionic strength of halid composition and adding method and temperature, pAg, solvent strength, gelatin concentration and reaction solution.High agi content in the particle can be measured with electron microscope by the analysis of for example describing in JP-A-7-219102 mutually.
On host grain, form high agi content phase time when in the present invention, can preferably use for example following method: add water-soluble iodate thing solution such as potassium iodide separately or with water-soluble silver salt solution such as silver nitrate; Add the silver halide that comprises silver iodide with fine grain form; Perhaps at USP5, the method for describing in 498,516 or 5,527,664, these documents are incorporated herein by reference at this, wherein discharge iodide ion by the reaction with alkalescence or nucleopilic reagent by the iodide ion releasing agent.
The high agi content of oriented growth on the host grain mutually after, introduce dislocation line when forming silver halides shell beyond host's platy shaped particle.Though the composition of this silver halides shell can be in silver bromide, iodine silver bromide and the bromine chlorosulfonylation silver any one, preferably silver bromide or iodine silver bromide.
If silver halides shell is the iodine silver bromide, the content of silver iodide 0.1-12mol% preferably then, more preferably 0.1-10mol%, and most preferably be 0.1-3mol%
If this agi content is lower than 0.1mol%, then be difficult to reach the advantage that strengthens dyestuff absorption and promote to develop.If agi content surpasses 12mol%, reduce developing powder usually.
Growth during this silver halides shell used silver amount be preferably the l0-50mol% of total particle silver amount, and more preferably 20-40mol%.
In the method for aforesaid introducing dislocation line, temperature is preferably 30-80 ℃, and more preferably 35-75 ℃, and most preferably 35-60 ℃.Temperature is controlled at the low temperature or the high temperature above 80 ℃ that are lower than 30 ℃ all needs efficient manufacturing installation, and this is not favourable for making.In above-mentioned dislocation line introducing method, pAg is preferably 6.4-10.5.
If platy shaped particle, observed dislocation line position and quantity can obtain by using electron microscope that particle is taken a picture on the direction perpendicular to the particle first type surface.Dislocation line preferably is introduced in the platy shaped particle of the present invention, be confined to as much as possible in the marginal portion of particle.In the present invention, the marginal portion is meant the neighboring area of platy shaped particle.More specifically, in the distribution of silver iodide by platy shaped particle edge to center, the marginal portion is that wherein agi content surpasses or be lower than some some zone in addition of the average silver iodide content of whole particle when being observed by the edge for the first time.
In the present invention, preferably in the marginal portion of platy shaped particle, introduce dislocation line with high density.The marginal portion of platy shaped particle preferably has 10 or more dislocation line, and more preferably 30 or more, and most preferably 50 or more.If intensive existence of dislocation line or mutual the intersection, the dislocation line quantity in impossible sometimes each particle of accurate Calculation.Even in this case, can be for example 10,20 or 30 dislocation lines calculating dislocation lines of unit with 10 lines roughly also.
The distribution of the dislocation line amount between the platy shaped particle of the present invention is preferably uniform with respect to the homogeneity between the particle.In emulsion of the present invention, the platy shaped particle that comprises 10 or more dislocation line in each particle in the marginal portion preferably account for the total number of particles amount 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more.If this ratio is lower than 50%, then be difficult to obtain ISO.
Equally, in the present invention, the sheet silver halide particle that comprises 30 or more dislocation lines in each particle preferably account for the total number of particles amount 50% or higher, and more preferably 80% or higher.
In addition, in platy shaped particle of the present invention, the introducing position of also wishing dislocation line is uniform.In emulsion of the present invention, wherein the dislocation line sheet silver halide particle that only is confined to the marginal portion of particle preferably account for the total number of particles amount 50% or more, more preferably 60% or more, and most preferably 80% or more.
In instructions of the present invention, " only being confined to the grain edges part " is meant the part beyond the particle-removing marginal portion, and promptly the particle core does not comprise 5 or more dislocation line.The particle core is the interior zone that is surrounded by fringe region when observing particle perpendicular to the direction of the first type surface of particle.
For obtaining comprising the quantity of dislocation line proportion of particles and dislocation line in the present invention, preferred at least 100 particles of Direct observation, more preferably 200 particles, and the dislocation line of 300 particles most preferably.
In emulsion of the present invention, the total number of particles amount 50% or mostly be that the average silver iodide content of wherein grain edges part is than the preferred high 2mol% of the average silver iodide content of particle core, more preferably 4mol%, and the platy shaped particle of 5mol% most preferably.
Agi content in the platy shaped particle can be by for example obtaining with electron microscope in the method operational analysis described in the JP-A-7-219102.
In addition, platy shaped particle of the present invention has the electron capture zone.The electron capture zone is that the concentration of wherein electron capture centralization compound (be designated hereinafter simply as " electron capture " center " or " metal complex ") is 1 * 10
-5-1 * 10
-3The local silver of mol/mol and account for the part of the 5-40% of particle volume.The concentration at electron capture center is more preferably 5 * 10
-5-5 * 10
-4The local silver of mol/mol.The term " mol/mol local silver " that is used to limit the electron capture centre concentration is meant the electron capture center with respect to the concentration of the silver amount of adding simultaneously in the compound as the electron capture center.
Electron capture centre concentration in the electron capture zone must be uniform.Be meant that evenly the electron capture center is introduced in electron capture center in the particle with respect to the silver-colored amount of per unit with fixed amount, and used nitrate is introduced in the electron capture center particle simultaneously and forms with in the reaction vessel when adding particle and form.Halogen solution also adds simultaneously.Add as the form that the compound at electron capture center can aqueous solution.Perhaps, also can prepare and add and wherein add or be adsorbed with fine grained as the compound at electron capture center.
The electron capture zone can be present in any position of particle.Equally, can in particle, there be two or more electron capture zones.
Forming necessary electron capture center, electron capture zone represents in order to following formula:
Formula I:{M (CN)
X1L
(6-x1)}
N+
Formula II:{M (CN)
X2L
(4-x2)}
N+
Formula III: { ML1
X2X
(6-2x3)}
N+
Formula IV:{ML1
(6-3i) * 1/3L2
iX
(6-3i) * 1/3}
11+
Wherein M represents any metal or metallic ion, and L representative have chain or cyclic hydrocarbon as the compound of parent or some carbon in this precursor structure or hydrogen atom by the compound of other atoms or atomic radical displacement.L can be identical or different compound.The organic compound of L1 representative and metal or the coordination of metallic ion bidentate, and the organic compound of L2 representative and metal or the coordination of metallic ion tri-dentate.X represents chemical substance arbitrarily.X1 represents the integer of 0-6, and x2 represents the integer of 0-4, and x3 represents 2 or 3, i and represent 1 or 2.
Formula V:{L '
nM (L (ML '
m)
j)
k}
p
Wherein M represents metal or metallic ion arbitrarily, and M can be identical or different metallics.L is a crosslinking ligand, and representative can crosslinked two or more metals or the organic compound of metallic ion.L represents the micromolecule of non-electric charge, and it is H
2O, NH
3, CO, N
2, NO
2, CO
2, SO
2, SO
3, N
2H
4, O
2Or PH
3, organic compound arbitrarily, perhaps inorganic anion arbitrarily, they can be identical or different chemical substances.N represents the integer of 1-5, and m represents the integer of 0-5, and j represents the integer of 1-4, and k represents 1 or bigger integer, and p represents the electric charge of whole complex.
When the octahedra complex that in silver halide particle, mixes 6 coordination valences during as adulterant, as described in many lists of references, J.Phs.:Condens.Matter 9 (1997) 3227-3240 and patent disclosures for example, the part hypothesis of silver halide particle in particle with [AgX
6]
5-(X-=halide ion) is doped the agent displacement as a unit.Therefore, if the molecular dimension of complex to be mixed is excessive, this complex might be not suitable as adulterant.Equally, in the electric charge deviation-5 of complex to be mixed o'clock, complex is disadvantageous for this displacement.Consider that from the angle of using molecular model if complex to be mixed has 5 or 6 membered ring compounds as part, this complex might surpass the size of the permute unit in the silver halide particle.But, should be taken into account that complex might be able to be incorporated in the silver halide particle, this is because appearance strain slightly in lattice or complex molecule.
The preferred example of part is such as can be by removing H
+And the compound with negative charge, as pyrroles, pyrazoles, imidazoles, triazole and tetrazolium.Also preferably use the derivant of these compounds as part.Substituent example in the derivant is hydrogen atom preferably; replacement or unsubstituted alkyl are (as methyl; ethyl; n-pro-pyl; isopropyl; normal-butyl; the tert-butyl group; hexyl; octyl group; the 2-ethylhexyl; dodecyl; cetyl; uncle's octyl group; isodecyl; iso stearyl; the dodecyloxy propyl group; trifluoromethyl; with the mesyl amino methyl); thiazolinyl; alkynyl; aralkyl; naphthenic base (as cyclohexyl and 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl); replacement or unsubstituted aryl are (as phenyl; p-methylphenyl; to anisyl; rubigan; 4-tert-butyl-phenyl and 2; the 4-diamino-phenyl); halogen (fluorine; chlorine; bromine and iodine); cyano group; nitro; sulfydryl; hydroxyl; alkoxy is (as methoxyl; butoxy; methoxy ethoxy; dodecyloxy; with 2-ethylhexyl oxygen base); aryloxy group is (as phenoxy group; to toloxyl; to chlorophenoxy; 4-tert-butyl group phenoxy group); the alkyl sulfenyl; artyl sulfo; acyloxy; sulfonyl oxygen base; replacement or unsubstituted amino are (as amino; methylamino; dimethylamino; anilino-; with the methylphenylamine base); the ammonio base; the carbonyl amide group; sulfoamido; ketonic oxygen base amino; sulfonyl oxygen base amino; the urea groups that replaces is (as 3-methyl urea groups; 3-phenyl urea groups and 3; 3-dibutyl urea groups); the sulfo-urea groups; acyl group (as formoxyl and acetyl group); the ketonic oxygen base; replacement or unsubstituted carbamyl are (as the ethyl carbamyl; the dibutylamine formoxyl; dodecyloxy propyl group carbamyl; 3-(2,4-two-t-amino-benzene oxygen) propyl group carbamyl; the piperidino carbonyl; and morpholinyl carbonyl), thiocarbonyl; thiocarbamoyl; sulfonyl, sulfinyl, sulfonyl oxygen base; sulfamoyl; sulfino, sulfano base, carboxylic acid or its salt; sulfonic acid or its salt, and phosphonic acids or its salt.
The central metal at electron capture of the present invention center does not have concrete restriction.But having four-coordination structure or hexa-coordinate structure around the metal is preferred as the metal of coordination structure.Also preferably do not have the not metal or the metallic ion of sharing electron, perhaps the metal that its all stable tracks are filled up by electronics when the d of metal track produces the fission of part field.In other metallic ions, positive divalence (+2) metallic ion is preferred.The particularly preferred metallic ion that is to use earth alkali metal, iron (II), nail (II), osmium (II), zinc, cadmium and mercury.Most preferably use the metallic ion of magnesium, iron (II), nail (II) and zinc.
The concrete instance of metal complex of the present invention as shown below.But compound of the present invention is not limited to these examples.
{Fe(CN)
6}
3- {Fe(CN)
5F}
3-
{Fe(CN)
4F
2}
3- {Fe(CN)
5Cl}
3-
{Fe(CN)
4Cl
2}
3- {Fe(CN)
5Br}
3-
{Fe(CN)
4Br
2}
3- {Fe(CN)
5(SCN)}
3-
{Fe(CN)
5(SCN)}
3- {Fe(CN)
5(NO)}
3-
{Fe(CN)
5(H
2O)}
2- {Fe(CN)
6}
4-
{Fe(CN)
5F}
4- {Fe(CN)
4F
2}
4-
{Fe(CN)
5Cl}
4- {Fe(CN)
4Cl
2}
4-
{Fe(CN)
5Br}
4- {Fe(CN)
4Br
2}
4-
{Fe(CN)
5(SCN)}
4- {Fe(CN)
5(SCN)}
4-
{Fe(CN)
5(NO)}
4- {Fe(CN)
5(H
2O)}
3-
{Fe(CN)
5(PZ)}
3- {Fe(CN)
4(PZ)
2}
2-
{Fe(CN)
5(Im)}
3- {Fe(CN)
4(Im)
2}
2-
{Fe(CN)
5(trz)}
3- {Fe(CN)
4(trz)
2}
2-
{Ru(CN)
6}
4- {Ru(CN)
5F}
4-
{Ru(CN)
4F
2}
4- {Ru(CN)
5Cl}
4-
{Ru(CN)
4Cl
2}
4- {Ru(CN)
5Br}
4-
{Ru(CN)
4Br
2}
4- {Ru(CN)
5I}
4-
{Ru(CN)
4I
2}
4- {Ru(CN)
5(SCN)}
4-
{Ru(CN)
5(SCN)}
4- {Ru(CN)
5(NO)}
4-
{Ru(CN)
5(H
2O)}
3- {Ru(CN)
4(PZ)
2}
2-
{Ru(CN)
5(PZ)}
3- {Ru(CN)
4(Im)
2}
2-
{Ru(CN)
5(Im)
2}
3- {Ru(CN)
4(trz)
2}
2-
{Ru(CN)
5(trz)}
3-
{Re(CN)
5F}
4- {Re(CN)
6}
4-
{Re(CN)
5Cl}
4- {Re(CN)
4F
2}
4-
{Re(CN)
5Br}
4- {Re(CN)
4Cl
2}
4-
{Re(CN)
5I}
4- {Re(CN)
4Br
2}
4-
{Re(CN)
4I
2}
4-
{Os(CN)
6}
4- {Os(CN)
5F}
4-
{Os(CN)
4F
2}
4- {Os(CN)
5Cl}
4-
{Os(CN)
4Cl
2}
4- {Os(CN)
5Br}
4-
{Os(CN)
4Br
2}
4- {Os(CN)
5I}
4-
{Os(CN)
4I
2}
4- {Os(CN)
5(SCN)}
4-
{Os(CN)
5(SCN)}
4- {Os(CN)
5(NO)}
4-
{Os(CN)
5(H
2O)}
3- {Os(CN)
4(PZ)
2}
2-
{Os(CN)
5(PZ)}
3- {Os(CN)
4(Im)
2}
3-
{Os(CN)
5(Im)}
3- {Os(CN)
4(trz)}
2-
{Os(CN)
5(trz)}
3-
{Ir(CN)
5Cl}
3- {Ir(CN)
6}
3-
{Ir(CN)
5Br}
3- {Ir(CN)
4Cl
2}
3-
{Ir(CN)
5I}
3- {Ir(CN)
4Br
2}
3-
{Ir(CN)
5(NO)}
3- {Ir(CN)
4I
2}
3-
{Ir(CN)
5(H
2O)}
2-
{Pt(CN)
4}
2- {Pt(CN)
4Cl
2}
2-
{Pt(CN)
4Br
2}
2- {Pt(CN)
4I
2}
2-
{Au(CN)
4}
- {Au(CN)
2Cl
2}
2-
In above-mentioned metal complex, Pz=pyrazoles, Im=imidazoles, trz=triazole.
(M＝Mg
2+，Mn
2+，Fe
2+，Ru
2+， (M＝Mg
2+，Mn
2+，Fe
2+，Ru
2+，
Co
2+，Ni
2+，Cu
2+，Zn
2+，Cd
2+) Co
2+，Ni
2+，Cu
2+，Zn
2+，Cd
2+)
(M＝Mg
2+，Mn
2+，Fe
2+，Ru
2+， (M＝Mg
2+，Mn
2+，Fe
2+，Ru
2+，
Co
2+，Ni
2+，Cu
2+，Zn
2+，Cd
2+) Co
2+，Ni
2+，Cu
2+，Zn
2+，Cd
2+)
(M＝Mg
2+，Mn
2+，Fe
2+，Ru
2+， (M＝Mg
2+，Mn
2+，Fe
2+，Ru
2+，
Co
2+，Ni
2+，Cu
2+，Zn
2+，Cd
2+) Co
2+，Ni
2+，Cu
2+，Zn
2+，Cd
2+)
(M＝Mg
2+，Mn
2+，Fe
2+，Ru
2+， (M＝Mg
2+，Mn
2+，Fe
2+，Ru
2+，
Co
2+，Ni
2+，Cu
2+，Zn
2+，Cd
2+) Co
2+，Ni
2+，Cu
2+，Zn
2+，Cd
2+)
(M＝Mg
2+，Mn
2+，Fe
2+，Ru
2+， (M＝Mg
2+，Mn
2+，Fe
2+，Ru
2+，
Co
2+，Ni
2+，Cu
2+，Zn
2+，Cd
2+) Co
2+，Ni
2+，Cu
2+，Zn
2+，Cd
2+)
(M＝Mg
2+，Mn
2+，Fe
2+，Ru
2+， (M＝Mg
2+，Mn
2+，Fe
2+，Ru
2+，
Co
2+，Ni
2+，Cu
2+，Zn
2+，Cd
2+) Co
2+，Ni
2+，Cu
2+，Zn
2+，Cd
2+)
(M＝Mg
2+Mn
2+，Fe
2+，Ru
2+， (M＝Mg
2+，Mn
2+，Fe
2+，Ru
2+，
Co
2+，Ni
2+，Cu
2+，Zn
2+，Cd
2+) Co
2+，Ni
2+，Cu
2+，Zn
2+，Cd
2+)
(M＝Mg
2+，Mn
2+，Fe
2+，Ru
2+， (M＝Mg
2+，Mn
2+，Fe
2+，Ru
2+，
Co
2+，Ni
2+，Cu
2+，2n
2+，Cd
2+) Co
2+，Ni
2+，Cu
2+，Zn
2+，Cd
2+)
Me=methyl Pro=propyl group
(following identical)
[M(bpy)
3]
2+ [M(phen)
3]
2+
M＝Fe
2+，Ru
2+，Co
2+ M＝Fe
2+，Ru
2+，Co
2+
Bpy=2,2 '-dipyridine phen=1, the 10-phenanthroline
[M(py)
6]
2+ [M(trpy)
2]
2+
M＝Fe
2+，Ru
2+，Co
2+ M＝Fe
2+，Ru
2+，Co
2+
Py=pyridine trpy=2,2 ': 5 ', the 2-terpyridyl
[M(bpy)
2L
2]
n+ [M(bpy)
2LL]
n+
M＝Fe
2+，Ru
2+，Co
2+ M＝Fe
2+，Ru
2+，Co
2+
Bpy=2,2 '-dipyridine bpy=2,2 '-dipyridine
n＝2，1，0 n＝2，1，0
[M(bpy)
2L]
2+
M＝Fe
2+，Ru
2+，Co
2+
Bpy=2,2 '-dipyridine
[ML
2]
2+
M＝Fe
2+，Ru
2+，Co
2+
[M(bpy)(phen)
2]
2+ [M(bpy)(phen)(py)]
2+
M＝Fe
2+，Ru
2+，Co
2+ M＝Fe
2+，Ru
2+，Co
2+
bpy＝2，2′-bipyridine bpy＝2，2′-bipyridine
Phen=1,10-phenanthroline phen=1,10-phenanthroline
The py=pyridine
[M(bpy)(py)(en)]
2+ [M(bpy)(py)(NH
3)]
2+
M＝Fe
2+，Ru
2+，Co
2+ M＝Fe
2+，Ru
2+，Co
2+
Bpy=2,2 '-dipyridine bpy=2,2 '-dipyridine
Py=pyridine py=pyridine
The en=ethylenediamine
[M(bPy)(trpy)L]
2+
M＝Fe
2+，Ru
2+，Co
2+
Bpy=2,2 '-dipyridine
Trpy=2,2 ': 5 ' 2 "-terpyridyl
L＝Cl-，CN-，NH
3
M＝Pe
2+，Ru
2+；P＝P(OMe)
3，P(OEt)
3
H
+Can be added on each part that is preferred among the present invention or and remove from part.
In the present invention, complex molecule dissociates from counterion fully, and is present in the aqueous solution with negative ion or cationic form.Therefore, counterion is not important for photograph character.When complex molecule is a negative ion and when forming salt with kation, this balance cation is alkali metal ion preferably, as sodion, potassium ion, rubidium ion or cesium ion, ammonium ion, or the alkyl phosphate ion of representing with following formula VI, they all are dissolved in the water easily, and are fit to the precipitation silver emulsion.
Formula VI:{NR
1R
2R
3R
4}
+
R wherein
1, R
2, R
3And R
4Representative is selected from any substituting group in following group: methyl, ethyl, propyl group, isopropyl and normal-butyl.Particularly, preferred R wherein
1, R
2, R
3And R
4Be identical substituent tetramethyl quaternary ammonium ion, tetraethyl quaternary ammonium ion, tetrapropyl quaternary ammonium ion and tetra-n-butyl quaternary ammonium ion.Also preferably use pyrazoles father-in-law kation or imidazolium kation, wherein H
+Be added in not on the nitrogen-atoms with as the part coordination of balance cation.
If complex molecule is kation and forms salt with negative ion, then this balance anion preferably halogen ion, nitrate ion, cross chlorate ions, tetrafluoro boric acid ion, hexafluoro phosphonic acids ion, tetraphenyl borate ion, hexafluorosilicic acid ion or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid negative ion, be applicable to the precipitation silver emulsion.If use strong coordination anion such as cyano group ion, sulfo-cyano group ion, nitrite ion or oxalic ion as balance anion, then this balance anion might cause part and exchange reaction as the halogen ion of the part of complex very much, makes the The Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes that can not keep complex of the present invention.Therefore, preferably do not use these negative ion.
Metal complex of the present invention can synthesize with several method.For example, having pyrazoles or imidazoles can be by making with the perchlorate or the tetrafluoro boric acid reactant salt of each metal in anhydrous solvent as the pyrazoles of part or imidazoles as magnesium complex, iron complex and the Zn complex of part.As the synthetic example of reality, the synthetic method of these complexs is described in Rec.Trav.Chim., in 1969,88,1451.Equally, ruthenium-triazole complex can be by with reference at Inorg.Chim.Acta 1983,71, and the reaction of ruthenium-triazole complex of describing in 155 is synthesized.
In emulsion of the present invention, the average surface content of iodine of all particles is preferably 5mol% or lower.The surface content of iodine is to measure by ESCA (being also referred to as XPS) method (wherein launch X ray, spectral measurement is from the photoelectron of particle surface appearance then).In the present invention, surperficial content of iodine is 4mol% or lower more preferably, and most preferably is 3mol% or lower.
In addition, platy shaped particle of the present invention has 10 or more dislocation line, and with respect to equal circle diameter D, its length is preferably 0.05D or bigger, and 0.1D or bigger more preferably.
Dislocation line can be introduced by the description of embodiment among reference example such as the JP-A-3-175440, and the content of the document is incorporated herein by reference at this.Dislocation line can be introduced on the marginal portion or only be introduced near the particle bight.Further preferably by using the iodide releasing agent described in JP-A-6-258745 to introduce dislocation line, the content of the document is incorporated herein by reference at this.
For increasing the length of dislocation line especially, preferably use the crystalline phase controlling agent.Partly be not called core if wherein introduce the platy shaped particle of dislocation line, and the platy shaped particle of wherein introducing dislocation line partly is called shell, then the length of dislocation line can by make with following formula (VII) or (VIII) represented crystalline phase controlling agent be present in the shell part and control.
In formula (VII) with (VIII), A
1, A
2, A
3And A
4The necessary non-metal atom group of nitrogen heterocyclic ring is finished in representative, and these A
1, A
2, A
3And A
4Can be identical or different.B represents the divalence coupling group.M represents 0 or I.R
1And R
2Represent alkyl respectively.X
-Represent negative ion.N represents 0 or 1.When intramolecular salt, n is 0.
Formula (VII) and (VIII) will describe in more detail following.
Each A
1, A
2, A
3And A
4Representative is used to finish nitrogenous heterocyclic non-metal atom group, can comprise oxygen atom, nitrogen-atoms or sulphur atom, but and fused benzene rings.By A
1, A
2, A
3And A
4The heterocycle that forms can have substituting group, and these substituting groups can be identical or different.Described substituent ion is alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, thiazolinyl, halogen atom, acyl group, alkoxy carbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, sulfo group, carboxyl, hydroxyl, alkoxy, aryloxy group, amide group, sulfamoyl, carbamyl, urea groups, amino, sulfonyl, cyano group, nitro, sulfydryl, alkyl sulfenyl and artyl sulfo.A
1, A
2, A
3And A
4Preferred example be 5-or 6-unit's ring (as pyridine ring, imidazole ring, thiazole ring, oxazole ring, pyrazine ring and pyrimidine ring).Preferred example is a pyridine ring.
B represents the divalence coupling group.The divalence coupling group is one of following group or combination: alkylidene, arlydene, alkenylene ,-SO
2-,-SO-,-O-,-S-,-CO-and-N (R
3)-(R
3Represent alkyl, aryl or hydrogen atom).B is alkylidene and alkenylene preferably.
R
1And R
2Represent the alkyl of 1-20 carbon atom respectively.R
1And R
2Can be identical or different.Alkyl represent is substituted or is unsubstituted alkyl, and substituting group can be similar to A
1, A
2, A
3And A
4Substituting group.R
1And R
2Preferably represent the alkyl of 4-10 carbon atom respectively, and the alkyl of the aryl that more preferably is substituted or is unsubstituted replacement.
X-represents negative ion.Its example is chlorion, bromide ion, iodide ion, nitrate ion, sulfate ion, p-toluenesulfonic acid root and oxalate.N represents 0 or 1.If molecule inner salt, then n is 0.
Formula (VII) or (VIII) concrete instance of the compound of representative is as follows, but the invention is not restricted to this.
Formula (VII) or (VIII) examples of compounds of representative can be with reference to the description of JP-A-2-32, the content of the document is incorporated herein by reference at this.
In the present invention, formula (VII) or (VIII) addition of the compound of representative can be that every mol silver halide is 10
-5-3 * 10
-1Mol, and most preferably 2 * 10
-4-1 * 10
-1Mol.
Also can use the represented crystal behavior controlling agent of following formula (IX).
R wherein
1Represent alkyl, thiazolinyl or aralkyl, R
2, R
3, R
4, R
5And R
6Represent hydrogen atom maybe can replace the group of hydrogen atom respectively.R
2And R
3, R
3And R
4, R
4And R
5, and R
5And R
6Can condense.X
-Represent balance anion.
Below formula (IX) will be described in more detail.In formula (IX), R
1Represent straight chain, branch or the cyclic alkyl (as methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, the tert-butyl group, n-octyl, positive decyl, n-hexadecyl, cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl) of 1-20 carbon atom, the thiazolinyl of 2-20 carbon atom (as allyl, 2-butenyl group or 3-pentenyl), the perhaps aralkyl of 7-20 carbon atom (as benzyl or phenethyl).R
1Each group of representative can be substituted.Substituent example is following R
2-R
6The group that can replace of representative.
R
2, R
3, R
4, R
5And R
6Can be identical or different, and represent hydrogen atom maybe can replace the group of hydrogen atom respectively.The example of the group that can replace is as follows.
Halogen atom is (as fluorine atom; the chlorine atom; and bromine atoms); alkyl is (as methyl; ethyl; n-pro-pyl; isopropyl; the tert-butyl group; n-octyl; cyclopentyl; and cyclohexyl); thiazolinyl is (as allyl; 2-butenyl group and 3-pentenyl); alkynyl (as propinyl and 3-pentynyl); aralkyl (as benzyl and phenethyl); aryl is (as phenyl; naphthyl and 4-aminomethyl phenyl); heterocyclic group is (as pyridine radicals; furyl; imidazole radicals; piperidyl; and morpholinyl); alkoxy is (as methoxyl; ethoxy; and butoxy); aryloxy group (as phenoxy group and 2-naphthoxy); amino (as unsubstituted amino; dimethylamino; ethylamino; and anilino-); acyl amino (as acetyl-amino and benzoyl-amido); urea groups is (as unsubstituted urea groups; N-methyl urea groups; with N-phenyl urea groups); urethane groups (the amino and phenyloxycarbonyl amino of methoxycarbonyl); sulfuryl amino (as methyl sulphonyl amino and phenyl sulfonyl amino); sulfamoyl is (as unsubstituted sulfamoyl; N; N-dimethylamino sulfonyl; with N-phenyl sulfamoyl base); carbamyl is (as unsubstituted carbamyl; N; N-dimethylamino formoxyl; with N-phenylamino formoxyl); sulfonyl (as mesyl and tosyl); sulfinyl (as methyl sulfinyl and phenyl sulfinyl); alkoxy carbonyl (as methoxycarbonyl and ethoxy carbonyl); aryloxy carbonyl (as phenyloxycarbonyl); acyl group is (as acetyl group; benzoyl; formoxyl; and valeryl); acyloxy (as acetoxyl group and benzoyl oxygen base); the amidophosphoric acid base is (as N; N-diethylamide phosphoric acid); alkyl sulfenyl (as methyl mercapto and ethyl sulfenyl); artyl sulfo (as the phenyl sulfenyl); cyano group; sulfo group; carboxyl; hydroxyl; phosphono; nitro; sulfino; ammonio base (as trimethyl ammonio), phosphorus father-in-law base, and diazanyl.These groups can further be substituted.If there are two or more substituting groups, these substituting groups can be identical or different.
R
2And R
3, R
3And R
4, R
4And R
5, and R
5And R
6Can condense and form quinoline ring, isoquinoline ring or acridine ring.X
-Represent balance anion.The example of this balance anion is halogen ion (chlorion and bromide ion), nitrate ion, sulfate ion, p-toluenesulfonic acid ion and trifluoromethane sulfonic acid ion.
In formula (IX), R
1Preferably represent aralkyl, and R
2, R
3, R
4, R
5And R
6In at least one represent aryl.In formula (IX), R
1, R
4And X
-More preferably represent aralkyl, aryl and halogen ion respectively.
The concrete instance of the compound of formula (IX) representative as shown below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
In the present invention, the addition of the compound of formula (IX) representative can be that every mol silver halide is 10
-5-10
-1Mol, and especially preferably 2 * 10
-4-1 * 10
-1Mol.
In addition, can use with the represented crystal behavior controlling agent of following formula (X).
Wherein X represents sulphur atom or oxygen atom, is preferably sulphur atom.5 or 6 yuan of necessary atomic radicals of heterocycle are finished in the Q representative.Its example is thiazolidine-2-thio-ketone ring, 4-thiazoline-2-thioketones ring, 1,3,4-Thiadiazoline-2-thioketones ring, benzothiazole quinoline-2-thioketones ring, benzoxazoles quinoline-2-thioketones ring.
R
0Represent alkyl (as methyl, ethyl, propyl group, butyl or octyl group), thiazolinyl (as allyl), aralkyl (as benzyl or phenethyl), aryl (as phenyl) or heterocyclic group (as pyridine radicals).
Q or R
0The heterocycle of representative can be unsubstituted or further replacement.This substituting group can suitably be selected from following group: halogen atom, alkyl, aryl, alkoxy, aryloxy group, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, amide group, acyl group, sulfamoyl, carbamyl, urea groups, alkoxycarbonyl amino, aryl-amino-carbonyl, alkoxy carbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, amino carbonyl sulfenyl, alkyl-carbonyl sulfenyl, aryl carbonyl sulfenyl, cyano group, hydroxyl, sulfydryl, carboxyl, sulfo group, nitro, amino, alkyl sulfenyl, artyl sulfo and heterocyclic group.
The concrete instance of the compound of used in the present invention formula (X) expression is as follows.But scope of the present invention also not only is confined to these examples.
Compound for formula (X) expression also can use the compound of describing in JP-A-1-155332, the document is incorporated herein by reference at this.
In the present invention, the addition of the represented compound of formula (X) can be that every mol silver halide is 2 * 10
-5-3 * 10
-1Mol, and especially preferably 2 * 10
-4-3 * 10
-1Mol.
Can also use the crystal behavior controlling agent of formula (XI) expression in addition.
Wherein the Z representative is used for forming with C=N the atomic radical of the heterocycle of 6 atoms, and it is selected from carbon atom and nitrogen-atoms.R is the amino substituting group (as hydrocarbon or alkyl) of hydrogen, unit price or is connected 5 or 6 former heterocycles on 6 yuan of heterocycles that are made of Z.
The example of the compound of this formula (XI) representative is USP4, disclosed amino azepine indenes in 400,463, at USP4,713,323 and 4, disclosed 4-amino-pyrazol [3,4-d] pyrimidine also in 804,621, at USP5, disclosed xanthine in 178,998, and USP5, disclosed Triaminopyrimidine in 185,239, these patents are incorporated herein by reference at this.In the present invention, the addition of the compound of formula (XI) representative is that every mol silver halide is 10
-5-3 * 10
-1Mol, and most preferably be 2 * 10
-4-10
-1Mol.
The compound of formula (VII)-(XI) representative has the function of selective adsorption on (111) face rather than (100) face, and (111) face in the stabilisation of halogenated silver particle thus.Because during hull shape becomes, have crystal behavior controlling agent (having (111) face selectivity), so can obtain platy shaped particle of the present invention.Used controlling agent only has this (111) selective adsorption among the present invention, and therefore used compound is not limited to above-mentioned formula.
Used in the present invention (111) face selectivity crystal behavior control action can easily be found by following method of testing.That is to say, when 75 ℃ use down bone gelatin that conventional base handles as dispersion medium and the nitrate that uses to have silver electrode and potassium bromide and saturated calomel electrode under+90mV, carry out particle when forming as contrast electrode by controlled pair of gunite, can be had the cubic silver bromide grain of (100).When adding (111) crystal behavior controlling agent during particle forms, (111) face begins to appear in the cube, forms the tetrakaidecahedron (bight is round sometimes).This tetrakaidecahedron becomes octahedron, and wherein all faces all are (111).This clearly illustrates that the effect of (111) crystal behavior controlling agent.
If there is not aforesaid (111) face selectivity crystal behavior controlling agent, the dislocation line that is formed in core/shell interface stops platy shaped particle growth in a lateral direction.Therefore, platy shaped particle is only grown on thickness direction.Though still do not know the inhibiting reason of the cross growth of this dislocation line, reduce the projected area of shell part by this effect inevitably with dislocation line.If for the ratio that increases the shell part hour produces a dislocation line at core, then platy shaped particle just can not carry out cross growth at the part place that produces dislocation line, thus particle without any use on thickness direction, grow.Consequently, the aspect ratio of platy shaped particle descends.This makes the fine characteristic of platy shaped particle of utilizing become impossible.But this problem can solve by disclosed technology in instructions of the present invention.That is to say, in core, behind the generation dislocation line, during hull shape becomes, allow above-mentioned crystal behavior controlling agent to exist with (111) face adsorptive selectivity.Even this makes that platy shaped particle also can cross growth when having dislocation line to exist.This might be because crystal behavior controlling agent optionally is adsorbed on the first type surface of platy shaped particle, this first type surface is (111) surface, suppressed the growth on thickness direction significantly, and horizontal growth rate becomes higher than the growth rate on the thickness direction.Therefore,, can prepare the platy shaped particle that contains dislocation, wherein comprise the projected area height of the shell of dislocation line, and have big aspect ratio by using disclosed in this manual technology.
In addition, in the present invention, preferably during forming, uses particle at least three kinds of gelatin.More specifically, when nucleation, use the low-molecular-weight oxidized gelatin, use modified gelatin such as phthalic acid gelatin or trimellitic acid gelatin at granuloplastic initial period, and during hull shape becomes, use unmodified gelatin or high molecular gelatin.
It is normally known to add dissimilar gelatin in core segment.But it is very wonderful that discovery can improve graininess greatly by interpolation gelatin during becoming at hull shape.The addition scope of each gelatin is that every g silver is 0.1-50g.
Emulsion of the present invention and other photographic emulsions that can use with emulsion of the present invention can be by the method preparations of describing in the following document: for example, and P.Glafkides, Chimie et PhysiquePhotographique, Paul Montel, 1967; G.F.Duffin, Photographic EmulsionChemistry, Focal Press, 1966; And people such as V.L.Zelikman, Making and CoatingPhotographic Emulsion, Focal Press, 1964.That is to say, can use in acid system, neutral method and the ammonia process any one.When the reaction by soluble silver salt and solubility haloid forms particle, can use in the combination of single gunite, two gunite and these methods any one.Also can use the method (so-called reverse pair of gunite) that when having excessive silver ion to exist, forms particle.As a type in two gunitees, can use the pAg of the liquid phase that will be used to produce silver halide to keep constant method, promptly so-called controlled pair of gunite.This method can obtain wherein, and crystal is the almost uniform silver emulsion of conventional shape and particle size.
In some cases, preferably utilize following method: the silver halide particle that will form by precipitation is added on emulsion and prepares in the reaction vessel of usefulness, and at USP4,334,012,4,301,241 and 4, the method of describing in 150,994, the content of these documents is incorporated herein by reference at this.These silver halide particles can be used as crystal seed, and also are effective when providing with the form of silver halide with growth.Under latter event, the preferred emulsion that adds with low particle size.The total amount of emulsion can disposablely be added, and perhaps can distinguish and repeatedly add emulsion, perhaps adds continuously.In addition, also be effective sometimes for modified surface adds the particle with several different halogens compositions.
By the halogen conversion method transform great majority or only part transform the method that the halogen of silver halide particle forms and be disclosed in for example USP3,477,852 and 4, in 142,900, European patent (hereinafter referred to as EU) 273,429 and 273,430 and Deutsches Reichs-Patent 3, in 819,241, the content of these documents is incorporated herein by reference at this.This method is effective particle forming method.For being converted into more not diffluent silver salt, can add solubility halogen or silver halide particle.This conversion can be once, repeatedly separately or carry out continuously.
Except the method for adding soluble silver salt and haloid with constant density and constant rate of speed, as the particle growth method, also preferably using concentration wherein or speed is the particle formation method that changes, as BrP (below be also referred to as GB) 1,469,480 and USP 3,650,757 and 4,242, the method of describing in 445, the content of these documents is incorporated herein by reference at this.Increase concentration or flow linear function as the time of interpolation, quadratic function or the silver halide amount of providing of complicated function more can be provided.If according to circumstances need, the also preferred amount that reduces silver halide.In addition, when interpolation has the multiple soluble silver salt that different solutions forms, add and have the multiple solubility haloid that different solutions is formed, perhaps increase wherein a kind of salt and the method that reduces other salt also is effective.
The mixer that is used for the reaction solution of soluble silver salt and solubility haloid can be selected from the container that following document is described: USP 2,996, and 287,3,342,605,3,415,650 and 3,785,777 and Deutsches Reichs-Patent 2,556,885 and 2,555,364, the content of these documents is incorporated herein by reference at this.
Ag halide solvent is to be used for promoting maturation.It is for example, known that to have excessive halogen ion in reaction vessel be in order to promote maturation.Also can use other maturing agents.The total amount of these maturing agents can be blended in the dispersion medium that is positioned in the reaction vessel before adding silver salt and haloid, perhaps can be introduced in the reaction vessel simultaneously with interpolation haloid, silver salt and deflocculant.Perhaps, maturing agent can independent adding in the step of adding haloid and silver salt.
The example of maturing agent is an ammonia, thiocyanate (as potassium thiocyanate and ammonium sulfocyanate), and the organic thioether compound is (for example at USP3,574,628,3,021,215,3,057,724,3,038,805,4,276,374,4,297,439,3,704,130 and 4,782,013 and JP-A-57-104926 in the compound described), thione compounds is (for example at JP-A-53-82408, JP-A-55-77737 and USP4, four substituting thioureidos of describing in 221,863, and the compound of in JP-A-53-144319, describing), the sulfhydryl compound of in JP-A-57-202531, describing that can promote the silver halide particle growth, and amines (for example JP-A-54-100717).
Advantageously use gelatin as the protective colloid in the preparation emulsion of the present invention or as the bonding agent that is used for other hydrophilic colloid layers.But, also can replace gelatin to use other hydrophilic colloid.
The example of hydrophilic colloid is albumen such as gelatine derivative, the graft polymer of gelatin and other high polymers, albumin and casein; Cellulose derivative is as hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and sulfate cellulose; Sugar derivatives is as mosanom and starch derivative; And various synthetic water wettability high polymers, as homopolymer or multipolymer, as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) part acetal, poly N-vinyl pyrrolidone, polyacrylic acid, polymethylacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl imidazol and polyvinyl pyrazoles.
The example of gelatin is Bull.Soc.Sci.Photo.Japan.No.16, the gelatin that the gelatin of describing in the 30th page (1966) with lime treatment, oxidized gelatin and enzyme are handled.In addition, also can use the hydrolysate or the enzyme decomposition product of gelatin.
Preferably wash emulsion of the present invention with water with desalination, be dispersed in then in the protective colloid of new system.Though wash temperature can be used for selecting according to specifically making, and is preferably 5-50 ℃.Though the pH of washing also can be used for selecting according to concrete making, and is preferably 2-10, and 3-8 more preferably.The pAG of washing is preferably 5-10, but also can be used for selecting according to concrete making.Washing methods can be selected from following method: dialysis, centrifuging, coagulative precipitation and the ion-exchange of bar washing, use semipermeable partition.Coagulative precipitation can be selected from following method: the method for using method, the method with an organic solvent of sulfate, the method for using water-soluble polymers and use gelatine derivative.
As USP3,772,031 is described, and the method for adding chalcogen compound during preparing emulsion also is useful sometimes.Except that S, Se and Te, can there be cyanate, thiocyanate, selenocyanic acid, carbonate, phosphonate and acetate.
When forming silver halide particle of the present invention, can carry out at least a following sensitizing at any time point place that makes the silver emulsion process: chalcogen compound sensitizing comprises sulphur sensitizing and selenium sensitizing; Noble metal sensitizing comprises golden sensitizing and palladium sensitizing; And reduction sensitization.Preferred two or more different process for increasing sensitivity that use.Change the time of carrying out chemical sensitization, can prepare several dissimilar emulsions thus.The emulsion type is divided into: chemical sensitization nuclear is embedded in the type of granule interior, its be embedded in particle surface than the type in the shallow portion, with and be formed on type on the particle surface.In emulsion of the present invention, the position of chemical sensitization nuclear can be used for selecting according to specifically making.But, preferably form chemical sensitization nuclear near surface.
The chemical sensitization that can preferably carry out in the present invention is chalcogen compound sensitizing, noble metal sensitizing or their combination.This sensitizing can be by using as T.H.James, The Theory of thePhotographic Process, and the 4th edition, the active gelatin described in the Macmillan, 1997, the 67-76 pages or leaves carries out.As study open (Research Disclosure) the 120th and roll up in April, 1974,12008; Research discloses the 34th volume, in June, 1975,13452; USP2,642,361,3,297,446,3,772,031,3,857,711,3,901,714,4,266,018 and 3,904,415 and GB1,315, described in 755, also can use following any material to carry out sensitizing: sulphur, selenium, tellurium, gold, palladium, platinum and iridium perhaps are used in combination multiple described sensitizer, condition is that pAg is 5-10, and pH is 5-8, and temperature is 30-80 ℃.In noble metal sensitizing, can use the salt of noble metal as gold, palladium, platinum and iridium.Particularly, preferred golden sensitizing, palladium sensitizing or their combination.
In golden sensitizing, can use compound known, as gold chloride, potassium chloroaurate, thiocyanic acid gold potassium, aurosulfo and Auric selenide.Palladium compound is meant the divalence or the quaternary salts of palladium.Preferred palladium compound is to use R
2PdX
6Or R
2PdX
4Expression, wherein R represents hydrogen atom, alkali metal atom or ammonium, and X represents halogen atom, as chlorine, bromine or iodine atom.
More specifically, palladium compound K preferably
2PdCl
4, (NH
4)
2PdCl
6, Na
2PdCl
4, (NH
4)
2PdCl
4, Li
2PdCl
4, Na
2PdCl
6Or K
2PdBr
4Preferred gold compound and palladium compound and thiocyanate or selenocyanate are used in combination.
The example of sulphur sensitizer is hypo, ghiourea group compound, thiocyanic acid based compound and at USP3, the sulfocompound of describing in 857,711,4,266,018 and 4,054,457.Chemical sensitization also can be carried out when having so-called chemical sensitization auxiliary agent to exist.The example of useful chemical sensitization auxiliary agent is the compound such as azepine indenes, azepine pyridazine and aza-pyrimidine, known they be can suppress ashing and the compound of super-sens in chemical sensitization.The example of chemical sensitization auxiliary agent and improver is described in USP2, and 131,038,3,411,914 and 3,554,757 and JP-A-58-126526 and G.F.Duffin, Photographic Emulsion Chemistry is in the 138-143 page or leaf.
For emulsion of the present invention, also preferably carry out golden sensitizing.The amount of gold sensitizer is that every mol silver halide is 1 * 10
-4-1 * 10
-7Mol, and more preferably 1 * 10
-5-5 * 10
-7Mol.The preferred amounts of palladium compound is that every mol silver halide is 1 * 10
-3-5 * 10
-7Mol.The preferred amounts of sulfo-cyano compound or seleno cyano compound is that every mol silver halide is 5 * 10
-2-1 * 10
-6Mol.
With respect to silver halide particle of the present invention, the amount of sulphur sensitizer is that every mol silver halide is 1 * 10
-4-1 * 10
-7Mol, and more preferably 1 * 10
-5-5 * 10
-7Mol.
Selenium sensitizing is a preferred process for increasing sensitivity for emulsion of the present invention.Known selenium compound can be used in the selenium sensitizing.The concrete instance of selenium compound is colloidal metal selenium, selenourea (as N, N-dimethyl selenourea and N, N-diethyl selenourea), selenium ketone compounds and selenium substituted acid amide compounds.In some cases, preferably with sulphur sensitizing and noble metal sensitizing in one or both combinations carry out selenium sensitizing.
Preferably during particle formed, particle formed afterwards but before the chemical sensitization, perhaps carries out reduction sensitization during the silver emulsion chemical sensitization.
The reduction sensitization that carries out can be selected from following method in the present invention: the method for adding the reduction sensitization agent in silver emulsion, wherein particle is growth or a ripe so-called silver-colored ripe method in the low pAg environment of 1-7 at pAg, and wherein particle is growth or a ripe so-called high pH maturation method in the high pH environment of 8-11 at pH.Two or more said methods also capable of being combined.
The method of adding the reduction sensitization agent preferably can meticulous adjusting reduction sensitization level.The known example of reduction sensitization agent is stannous chloride, ascorbic acid and derivant thereof, amine and polyamines, hydrazine derivate, formamidine sulfinic acid, silane compound and borane compound.In reduction sensitization of the present invention, optionally use above-mentioned reduction sensitization agent or use the above-claimed cpd of two or more types together.Preferably the compound as the reduction sensitization agent is stannous chloride, thiourea dioxide, dimethyamine borane and ascorbic acid and derivant thereof.Though the selection of the addition of reduction sensitization agent must meet creating conditions of emulsion, suitable amount is that every mol silver halide is 10
-7-10
-2Mol.
The reduction sensitization agent is dissolved in water or organic solvent as in alcohol, polyvalent alcohol, ketone, ester and the acid amides, can for example during particle forms, adds the reduction sensitization agent thus.The reduction sensitization agent can be added in the reaction vessel in advance, but preferably the place of suitable time during particle forms adds the reduction sensitization agent.Also can in advance the reduction sensitization agent be added in the solution of water soluble silver salt or alkaline halide, use this solution precipitation silver halide particle thus.Also preferably during particle growth, add the solution of reduction sensitization agent several times, perhaps continuous long-time in its solution of interpolation.
In the manufacture process of emulsion of the present invention, the preferred oxygenant that uses silver.The oxygenant of silver is meant to have the compound that argent is converted into the effect of silver ion.Concrete compounds effective be can as silver halide particle forms with the chemical sensitization process in the very thin silver-colored particle of accessory substance be converted into the compound of silver ion.The silver ion that produces can form the silver salt that is insoluble in the water, and as silver halide, silver sulfide or silver selenide, silver salt perhaps soluble in water is as nitrate.
The oxygenant of silver can be inorganic or organism.The example of inorganic oxidizer is that ozone, hydrogen peroxide and addition product thereof are (as NaBO
2H
2O
23H
2O, 2NaCO
33H
2O
2, Na
4P
2O
72H
2O
2, and 2Na
2SO
4H
2O
22H
2O), peracid salt is (as K
2O
2O
8, K
2C
2O
6, and K
2P
2O
8), cross oxygen complex (as K
2[Ti (O
2) C
2O
4] 3H
2O, 4K
2SO
4Ti (O
2) OHSO
42H
2O and Na
3[VO (O
2) (C
2H
4)
2] 6H
2O), permanganate is (as KMnO
4), oxyacid such as chromate are (as K
2Cr
2O
7), halogen such as iodine and bromine, perhalide (as potassium metaperiodate), the salt of high-valency metal (as six cyano group ferrous acid (II) potassium), and thiosulfonate.
The example of organic oxidizing agent is quinone such as paraquinones, organic peroxide such as peracetic acid and benzylhydroperoxide, and the compound (as N-bromine succinimide, toluene-sodium-sulfonchloramide and chloramine B) that discharges reactive halogen.
Preferred oxidant of the present invention is the inorganic oxidizer of ozone, hydrogen peroxide and addition product thereof, halogen, thiosulfonate and the organic oxidizing agent of quinones.The oxygenant that is used in combination above-mentioned reduction sensitization agent and silver is a preferred embodiment.Adding the method for oxygenant can select from following method: use the method for oxygenant after carrying out reduction sensitization, perhaps opposite order is perhaps in the identical time use oxygenant and the method for reduction sensitization agent.These methods all can be carried out when particle forms step or chemical sensitization step.
Used in the present invention photographic emulsion can comprise all cpds, with the ashing in the photographic process that prevents manufacture process or photosensitive material, perhaps stablizes photograph character.Useful compound is the material that is known as anti-fogging agent or stabilizing agent, for example thiazole compound such as benzothiazole father-in-law salt, nitro glyoxaline compound, the nitrobenzimidazole compounds, the chloro benzimidazole compounds, bromobenzene and glyoxaline compound, the thyroidan compounds, the mercaptobenzothiazoler compounds, mercaptobenzimidazole compounds, dimercaptothiodiazole compounds, the aminotriazole(ATA) compounds, benzotriazole compound, nitrobenzene and triazolam compounds, and mercapto-tetrazole compounds (particularly 1-phenyl-5-mercapto-tetrazole); Sulfhydryl miazines compounds; The mercapto-triazine compounds; Thione compounds such as oxazoline thioketones; The azepine indene compounds is as benzotriazole compounds, purine compounds (particularly (1,3,3a, 7) purine of hydroxyl replacement) and pentaaza indene compounds.
For example, can use at USP3,954,474 and 3,982,947 and JP-B-52-28660 in the compound described.A preferred compound is described in JP-A-63-212932.As required, anti-fogging agent and stabilizing agent can add at any time, before forming as particle, during and afterwards, during washing with water, between the dispersed phase after the washing, before the chemical sensitization, during and afterwards, and before coating.Anti-fogging agent and stabilizing agent can add during preparation emulsion, prevent effect and stabilization to realize its original ashing.In addition, anti-fogging agent and stabilizing agent can be used for various purposes, as the setting of the crystal behavior of control particle, the solubleness that reduces particle size, reduction particle, control chemical sensitization and control dyestuff.
Desirable being used for from performance the present invention, photographic emulsion of the present invention preferably carries out spectral sensitization with at least a methine dyes etc.The example of useful dyestuff comprises cyanine dyes, portion's cyanine dye, compound cyanine dyes, composite part cyanine dye, holopolar cyanine dyes, hemicyanine dye, styryl dye and half oxonol dye.Useful especially dyestuff is those dyestuffs that belong to cyanine dyes, portion's cyanine dye and composite part cyanine dye.Usually any nuclear as basic heteronucleus all is applicable to these dyestuffs in cyanine dyes.The example of these nuclears applicatory comprises pyrrolin nuclear, oxazoline nuclear, thiazoline nuclear, pyrrole nucleus, oxazole nucleus, thiazole nucleus, selenazoles (selenazole) nuclear, imidazole nucleus, tetrazolium nuclear and pyridine nucleus; The nuclear that comprises the above-mentioned nuclear that condenses with the aliphatic hydrocrbon ring; And the nuclear that comprises the above-mentioned nuclear that condenses with the aromatic hydrocarbon ring, as indolenine nuclear, benzo indolenine nuclear, indole nucleus, benzoxazole nucleus, aphthoxazoles nuclear, benzothiazole nucleus, aphthothiazoles nuclear, benzo selenazole nucleus, benzimidazole nucleus and quinoline nuclei.These are endorsed has at least one substituting group on its carbon atom.
Any 5 or 6 yuan of heteronucleus all can be used as the nuclear with ketone methylene structure and are applicable to portion's cyanine dye or composite part cyanine dye, described heteronucleus for example are pyrazolin-5-one nuclear, thiohydantoin nuclear, 2-thiazolidine-2,4-diketone nuclear, thiazolidine-2,4-diketone nuclear, rhodanine nuclear and thiobarbituric acid nuclear.
These spectral sensitizing dyes can be used alone or in combination.Spectral sensitizing dye is used in combination usually to obtain hypersensitivity.Its representational example is described in the following document: USP2,688,545,2,977,229,3,397,060,3,522,052,3,527,641,3,617,293,3,628,964,3,666,480,3,672,898,3,679,428,3,703,377,3,769,301,3,814,609,3,837,862 and, 4,026,707 and GB 1,344,281 and 1,507,803 and JP-B-43-4938 and 53-12375 and JP-A-52-110618 and 52-109925.
With above-mentioned spectral sensitizing dye, emulsion of the present invention can interpolation itself have the dyestuff of spectral sensitization effect or does not absorb visible irradiation basically and show as the material of supersensitization.
Emulsion can add spectral sensitizing dye in any time in the process of the known useful emulsion of preparation.Though the stage between the most normally before chemical sensitization is finished and applied adds, spectral sensitizing dye also can be as USP3,628,969 and 4,225, add simultaneously with chemical sensitizer described in 666, and carry out spectral sensitization and chemical sensitization thus simultaneously.Perhaps, described in JP-A-58-113928, spectral sensitization carried out before chemical sensitization, and spectral sensitizing dye also can add before silver halide particle precipitation is finished, and began spectral sensitization thus.In addition, as USP4, described in 225,666, above-claimed cpd can that is to say before adding in batches, added a part of compound before chemical sensitization, and remaining compound adds after chemical sensitization.Also have, can any stage during silver halide particle forms add spectral sensitizing dye, as USP4, method of describing in 183,756 and other method.
The addition of spectral sensitizing dye is that every mol silver halide is 4 * 10
-6-8 * 10
-3Mol.If the preferred silver halide particle size of 0.2-1.2 μ m, then 5 * 10
-5-2 * 10
-3Addition be effective.
In photosensitive material of the present invention, only need on carrier, form at least one silver halide emulsion layer.Typical example is that the silver halide photographic sensitive material on its carrier has at least one by the photographic layer that a plurality of silver halide emulsion layers constitute, and described emulsion layer is basically to identical color sensitization but have different light sensitivity.This photographic layer comprises the unit photographic layer, and it is to one of blue light, green light and red light sensitivity.In the multilayer silver halide colour photographic sensitive material, these unit photographic layers are usually by the order setting of carrier meter according to the red, green and blue photographic layer.But, being suitable for according to concrete, this is provided with order also can be opposite, but perhaps to the photographic layer interlayer of same color sensitivity other photographic layers to the different colours sensitivity.
Can between the light-sensitive silver halide layer, form various non-photographic layers such as middle layer and as the superiors and orlop.These middle layers can comprise example colour coupler, DIR compound and mixed color inhibitor as will be described below.For a plurality of silver halide emulsion layers that constitute each unit photographic layer, as DE (Deutsche Bundespatent) 1,121,470 or GB923, described in 045 (content of these documents is incorporated herein by reference at this), the double-layer structure of high speed and low speed emulsion layer can preferably use in this order, and film speed is reduced gradually to the carrier direction.Equally, described in JP-A-57-112751,62-200350,62-206541 and 62-206543 (content of these documents is incorporated herein by reference at this), each layer can followingly be set: the low speed emulsion layer apart from carrier farthest, and high-velocity bed is nearer apart from carrier.
More specifically, from distance carrier farthest side meter, the following setting of each layer: the blue layer of low speed sense (BL)/the blue layer of sense (BH)/high speed green layer (GH)/low speed green layer (GL)/high speed felt red beds (RH)/low speed sense red beds (RL) at a high speed, the order of BH/BL/GL/BH/RH/RL, the perhaps order of BH/BL/GH/GL/RL/RH.
In addition, as described in JP-B-55-39432, the content of the document is incorporated herein by reference at this, begins each layer can be set in the following order from carrier: the blue layer/GH/RH/GL/RL of sense.Moreover as described in JP-A-56-25738 and 62-63936, the content of these documents is incorporated herein by reference at this, begins each layer can be set in the following order from carrier: the blue layer/GL/RL/GH/RH of sense.
As described in JP-B-49-15495, the content of the document is incorporated herein by reference at this, three layers can followingly be set: the silver halide emulsion layer with top high photographic sensitivity is set to the upper strata, silver halide emulsion layer with light sensitivity lower than the upper strata is set to the middle layer, and the silver halide emulsion layer with light sensitivity lower than the middle layer is set to lower floor, promptly, three have different light sensitivity the layer be provided with according to the mode that descends in proper order towards the carrier light sensitivity.As (document is incorporated herein by reference at this) as described in the JP-A-59-202464, even layer structure is to be made of three layers with different light sensitivity, these layers also can be provided with from distance carrier farthest side in the layer to a color sensitivity in the following order: middling speed emulsion layer/high-speed emulsion layer/low speed emulsion layer.
In addition, also can adopt following order: high-speed emulsion layer/low speed emulsion layer/middling speed emulsion layer or low speed emulsion layer/middling speed emulsion layer/high-speed emulsion layer.Moreover, even when forming 4 or more a plurality of layers, also can change the setting of layer as mentioned above.
For improving color rendition, as USP4,663,271,4,705,744 and 4,707,436 and JP-A-62-160448 and 63-89850 described, the content of these documents is incorporated herein by reference at this, preferred contiguous or approaching main photographic layer such as BL, GL or RL form the donor layer (CL) with middle layer effect, and this donor layer has the spectral sensitivity different with main photographic layer and distributes.
The silver halide that is used for the present invention is that agi content is 30mol% or lower iodine silver bromide, silver iodochloride or bromine chlorosulfonylation silver, and particularly preferred silver halide is that agi content is iodine silver bromide or the bromine chlorosulfonylation silver of 2-10mol%.
Be included in the crystal that the silver halide particle in the photographic emulsion has rule, as cube, octahedron or the tetrakaidecahedron, perhaps irregular crystal as sphere or flat crystal, has the crystal of crystal defect such as twin plane, perhaps their compound shape.
Silver halide can be that the bulky grain that 0.2 μ m or littler fine grained or area diameter projected are about 10 μ m is formed by particle diameter, and emulsion can be polydispersion or single emulsion that disperses.
The silver halide photographic emulsions that can be used among the present invention are to prepare in order to the method for describing in the following document: for example " I.Emulsion preparation and types ", research open (Reseach Disclosure) (RD), No. 17643 (in Dec, 1978), the 22nd and 23 page; " I.Emulsion preparationand types ", No. the 18716th, RD (in November, 1979), the 648th page; And No. the 307105th, RD (in November, 1989), the 863-865 page or leaf; P.Glafkides, " Chemie et PhisiquePhotographique ", Paul Montel, 1967; G.F.Duffin, " Photographic EmulsionChemistry ", Focal Press, 1966; And people such as V.L.Zelikman, " Making andCoating Photographic Emulsion ", Focal Press, 1964.
Also preferably at USP3, single emulsion that disperses of describing in 574,628 and 3,655,394 and GB1,413,748.
Also can use aspect ratio in the present invention is 3 or bigger platy shaped particle.Platy shaped particle can easily prepare by the method for describing in the following document: gutoff, " Photographic Science andEngineering ", the 14th volume, 248-257 page or leaf (1970); And USP 4,434,226,4,414,310,4,433,048 and 4,439,520 and GB2,112,157.
Crystal structure can be uniformly, has different halogens in portion and the superficial layer within it and forms.Perhaps, forming different silver halides can interconnect by the oriented growth joint, perhaps can be connected with massicot with compound such as the thiocyanic acid silver except that silver halide.Equally, also can use granulate mixture with various crystalline forms.
Above-mentioned emulsion can be mainly in the surface latent image type that forms latent image on the particle surface, form the internal latent image type of latent image and any in the emulsion of particle surface and the inner other types that all can form latent image in granule interior.But emulsion must be minus emulsion.Internal latent image type emulsion can be the core/shell mould internal latent image type emulsion described in JP-A-63-264740.The method for preparing this core/shell internal latent image type emulsion is described among the JP-A-59-133542.The thickness of this emulsion shell is preferably 3-40nm, and is preferably 5-20nm especially, but it can be according to developing method and difference.
Before using, it to carry out physical ripening, chemical ripening and spectral sensitization step under the silver emulsion normal condition.The adjuvant that is used for these steps is described in RD the 17643rd, 18716 and 307105, and is summarised in the table shown below.
In photosensitive material of the present invention, can mix two or more types emulsion in single layer, these emulsions can be different on the characteristic of at least a following photosensitive silver halide emulsion: particle diameter, size distribution, halogen composition, particle shape and light sensitivity.
At photosensitive silver halide emulsion layer and/or basically in the non-photosensitive hydrophilic colloid layer, also preferably use at USP4 the surperficial ashing silver halide particle of describing in 082,553, at USP4,626,498 and JP-A-59-214852 in inside ashing silver halide particle and the collargol described.Inner ashing or surperficial ashing silver halide particle are meant non-exposed portion or the exposed portion that no matter is in photosensitive material, the silver halide particle of all can evenly develop (askiatic mode).The method for preparing the silver halide particle of inner ashing or surperficial ashing is described in USP4,626,498 and JP-A-59-214852 in.The silver halide that can form the core of inner ashing core/shell type silver halide particle can have different halogens and form.As the silver halide of inner ashing or surperficial ashing, can use in silver chloride, chlorine silver bromide, bromo-iodide and the bromine chlorosulfonylation silver any one.The mean grain size of these ashing silver halide particles is preferably 0.01-0.75 μ m, and most preferably is 0.05-0.6 μ m.Particle shape can be the particle shape of rule.Though emulsion can be polydispersion emulsion, preferably single emulsion (at least 95% particle diameter that all has in ± 40% average particle size range of the weight of silver halide particle or quantity) that disperses.
In the present invention, preferably use non-sensitization fine grained silver halide.Non-sensitization fine grained silver halide preferably is made up of following silver halide particle, this silver halide for obtain dye image carry out image-type exposure during be not exposed, and during developing, be not developed basically.These silver halide particles are not ashing in advance preferably.In the fine grained silver halide, the content of silver bromide is 0-100mol%, can add silver chloride and/or silver iodide if desired.The fine grained silver halide preferably comprises the silver iodide of 0.5-10mol%.The mean grain size of fine grained silver halide (mean value of the equal circle diameter of projected area) is 0.01-0.5 μ m, more preferably 0.02-2 μ m preferably.
The fine grained silver halide can use the method identical with conventional Photoactive silver-halide to prepare.The surface of each silver halide particle must not be light sensitizing or spectral sensitization.But, silver halide particle is added on the coating solution in before, preferably add known stabilizing agent, as triazolyl compound, indyl compound, benzothiazole father-in-law based compound, sulfhydryl compound or zinc compound.Collargol can be added in the layer that comprises this fine grained silver halide particle.
The silver-colored coating amount of photosensitive material of the present invention is preferably 6.0g/m
2Or lower, and most preferably be 4.5g/m
2Or it is lower.
The photograph adjuvant that can be used among the present invention also is described among the following RD, and the content of these documents is incorporated herein by reference at this, and its relevant portion sees the following form.
| Additive types | RD17643 | RD18716 |
| 1, chemical sensitizer | The 23rd page | The 648th page (right hurdle) |
| 2, light sensitivity reinforcing agent | The same | |
| 3, spectral sensitizer and super sensitizer | The 23-24 page or leaf | The 648th page of (right hurdle)-649th page (right hurdle) |
| 4, bleaching agent | The 24th page | The 647th page (right hurdle) |
| 5, light absorber, filter dye and UV absorbing agent | The 25-26 page or leaf | The 649th page of (right hurdle)-650th page (left hurdle) |
| 6, bonding agent | The 26th page | The 651st page (left hurdle) |
| 7, plastifier and lubricant | The 27th page | The 650th page (right hurdle) |
| 8, coating auxiliary agent and surfactant | The 26-27 page or leaf | The same |
| 9, antistatic agent | The 27th page | The same |
| 10, matting agent |
| Additive types | RD307105 |
| 1, chemical sensitizer | The 866th page |
| 2, light sensitivity reinforcing agent | |
| 3, spectral sensitizer and super sensitizer | The 866-868 page or leaf |
| 4, bleaching agent | The 868th page |
| 5, light absorber, filter dye and UV absorbing agent | The 873rd page |
| 6, bonding agent | The 873-874 page or leaf |
| 7, plastifier and lubricant | The 876th page |
| 8, coating auxiliary agent and surfactant | The 875-876 page or leaf |
| 9, antistatic agent | The 876-877 page or leaf |
| 10, matting agent | The 878-879 page or leaf |
Can use various dye forming couplers in silver halide colour photographic sensitive material of the present invention, and disclosed colour coupler is particularly preferred in the following document, the content of these documents is incorporated herein by reference at this.
Yellow colour former: EP502,424A Chinese style (I) or (II) represented colour coupler; EP513, the represented colour coupler in 496A Chinese style (1) and (2) (particularly the 18th page on Y-28); The represented colour coupler of claim 1 Chinese style (I) of EP 568,037; US5, the represented colour coupler of 066,576 hurdle 1 the 45th row-55 row Chinese styles (I); The represented colour coupler of the 0008th section Chinese style of JP-A-4-274425 (I); EP498, the colour coupler of describing in the claim 1 that 381A1 is the 40th page (particularly the 18th page on D-35); EP447, the represented colour coupler of the 4th page of following formula of 969A1 (Y) (particularly being the Y-54 on Y-1 on the 17th page and the 41st page); And US4, the colour coupler (the particularly II-24 in II-17 in the 17th hurdle and the-19 and the 19th hurdle) that 476,219 the 7th hurdles the 36th row-58 row Chinese styles (II)-(IV) are represented.
Magenta colour coupler: JP-A-3-39737 (L-77 on the L-68 on the L-57 on the 11st page of hurdle, bottom right, the 12nd page of hurdle, bottom right, the 13rd page of hurdle, bottom right); [A-4]-63 among the EP 456,257 (the 134th page), [A-4]-73 and [A-4]-75 (the 139th page); EP486, M-4 and M-6 (the 26th page) and M-7 (the 27th page) in 965; M-1 among the JP-A-5-204106 (the 6th page); And the M-22 among the 0237th section of the JP-A-4-362631.
Cyan colour coupler: CX-1, CX-3, CX-4, CX-5, CX-11, CX-12, CX-14 and CX-15 (14-16 page or leaf) among the JP-A-4-204843; C-7 and C-10 among the JP-A-4-43345 (the 35th page), C-34 and C-35 (the 37th page) and (I-1) and (I-17) (42-43 page or leaf); And the claim 1 of JP-A-6-67385 Chinese style (Ia) or (Ib) representative colour coupler.
Polymkeric substance colour coupler: P-1 and P-5 among the JP-A-2-44345 (the 11st page).
Be used to form colour coupler with suitable diffusible illuminating colour, preferably at USP4,366,237, GB2,125,570, EP96,873B and DE3, those colour couplers of describing in 234,533.
Be used to proofread and correct the colour coupler of the unnecessary absorption of illuminating colour, preferred EP456, the formula of describing in the 5th page of 257A1 (CI), (CII), (CIII) or (CIV) representative has a yellow cyan colour coupler (particularly the 84th page on YC-86), at EP456, the magenta colour coupler ExM-7 (the 202nd page) that has yellow that describes among the 257A1, EX-1 (the 249th page) and EX-7 (the 251st page), at US4,833, the cyan colour coupler CC-9 that has magenta (the 8th hurdle) and the CC-13 (the 10th hurdle) that describe in 069, US4,837, (2) in 136 (in the 8th hurdle), and the colourless covering colour coupler (the particularly exemplary compounds on the 36-45 page or leaf) of formula (A) representative of describing in the claim 1 of WO92/11575.
To provide following with reaction of the developer of oxidised form and the example that discharges the compound (comprising colour coupler) of the useful compound residue of taking a picture.Development restrainer discharges compound: EP378, the formula (I) of the description on the 11st page of the 236A1, (II), (III) or (IV) compound of the representative (T-101 on the 30th page particularly, T104 on the 31st page, T-113 on the 36th page, T-131 on the 45th page, T-158 on T-144 on the 51st page and the 58th page), EP436, the compound of the 7th page of following formula of 938A2 (I) representative (particularly the 51st page on D-49), EP568, the compound of 037A Chinese style (1) representative (particularly the 11st page on (23)), and EP440,195A2 5-6 page or leaf Chinese style (I), (II) or (III) compound of representative (particularly the 29th page on I-(1)); Bleach boosters discharges compound: EP310, the compound of the formula of describing among the 5th page of the 125A2 (I) or (I ') representative (particularly the 61st page on (60) and (61)), and the compound of the claim 1 of JP-A-6-59411 Chinese style (I) representative (particularly the 7th page in (7)); Part discharges compound: US4, the compound of 555,478 claim 1 Chinese style LIG-X representative (the particularly compound of describing in the 12nd hurdle 21 row-41 row); Leuco dye discharges compound: US4, compound 1-6 in 749, the 641 3-8 hurdles; Fluorescent dye discharges compound: US4, the compound of COUP-DYE representative in 774,181 the claim 1 (the particularly compound 1-11 in the 7-10 hurdle); Development accelerant or fogging agent discharge compound: US4,656,123 the 3rd hurdle Chinese style (1), the compound of (2) or (3) representative (particularly (I-22) in the 25th hurdle), and EP450, the ExZK-2 during the 75th page of 36-38 of 637A2 is capable; The compound of released dye: US4 at first when it ruptures, the compound of 857,447 claim 1 Chinese style (I) representative (the particularly Y-1 to Y-19 among the claim 25-36).
The preferred following material of adjuvant except that colour coupler.
The P-3 of the spreading agent that is used for the oil-soluble organic compound: JP-A-62-215272, P-5, P-16, P-19, P-25, P-30, P-42, P-49, P-54, P-55, P-66, P-81, P-85, P-86 and P-93 (140-144 page or leaf); The dipping latex of oil-soluble organic compound: US4, the latex of describing in 199,363; The scavenger of the oxidation product of developer: US4,978, compound of the capable Chinese styles of 606 the 2nd hurdle 54-62 (I) representative (the particularly I-(1) in the 4-5 hurdle, I-(2), I-(6), I-(12)) and US4, the compound of the formula representative during 923,787 the 2nd hurdle 5-10 are capable (particularly the 3rd hurdle compound 1); The 4th page of capable Chinese style of 30-33 of color spot inhibitor: EP298321A (I)-(III) (particularly I-47, I-72, III-1, the III-27 in the 24-48 page or leaf); Anti-fading agent: the A-6 among the EP298321A, A-7, A-20, A-21, A-23, A-24, A-25, A-26, A-30, A-37, A-40, A-42, A-48, A-63, A-90, A-92, A-94 and A-164 (69-118 page or leaf), US5,122, II-1 to III-23 in the 444 25-38 hurdles (particularly III-10), I-1 to III-4 (particularly II-2) in the EP471347A 8-12 page or leaf, and US5, the A-1 to 48 in 139, the 931 32-40 hurdles (particularly A-39 and A-42); Reduce the colour developing reinforcing agent or prevent the material of the use amount of look pollutant: the I-1 to II-15 (particularly I-46) in the EP411324A 5-24 page or leaf; Formalin scavenger: the SCV-1 to SCV-28 (particularly SCV-8) in the EP477932A 24-29 page or leaf; H-1, H-4, H-6, H-8 and H-14 among the 17th page of film rigidizer: the JP-A-1-214845, US4,618, the compound (H-1 to H-45) of 573 13-23 hurdle Chinese style (VII)-(XII) representatives, the compound (H-1 to 76) (particularly H-14) of formula (6) representative on hurdle, bottom right among the 8th page of the JP-A-2-214852, and US3, the compound of describing in 325,287 the claim 1; The precursor of development restrainer: the compound of describing in the claim 1 of the P-24 among the JP-A-62-168139, P-37, P-39 (6-7 page or leaf) and US 5,019,492 (the particularly 28-29 in the 7th hurdle); Antiseptic and mildewproof agent: US4, the I-1 to III-43 in 923, the 790 3-15 hurdles (particularly II-1, II-9, II-10 and II-18 and III-25); Stabilizing agent and anti-fogging agent: US4, the I-1 in 923, the 793 6-16 hurdles is to (14) (particularly I-1, I-60, (2) and (13)), and US4, the compound 1-65 in 952, the 483 25-32 hurdles (particularly 36); Chemical sensitizer: triphenyl phosphorus selenide among the JP-A-5-40324 and compound 50; The dyestuff: (a-1 particularly of the a-1 to b-20 in the JP-A-3-156450 15-18 page or leaf, a-12, a-18, a-27, a-35, a-36, b-5) and the V-1 to V-23 on the 27-29 page or leaf (particularly V-1), F-I-1 to F-II-43 (particularly F-I-11 and F-II-8) on the EP 445627A 33-55 page or leaf, and the III-1 to III-36 on the EP457153A 17-28 page or leaf (particularly III-1 and III-3), the thin brilliant dispersion of Dye-1 to 124 representative among the WO88/04794, compound 1-22 (particularly compound 1) in the EP319999A 6-11 page or leaf, the Compound D-1 of EP519306A Chinese style (1)-(3) representative is to D-187 (3-28 page or leaf), US4,628, the compound 1-22 (3-10 hurdle) of 622 Chinese styles (I) representative, and US4, the compound (1) of 923,788 Chinese styles (I) representative-(31) (2-9 hurdle); UV absorbing agent: the compound (18b)-(18r) of JP-A-46-3335 Chinese style (1) representative and 101-427 (6-9 page or leaf), the compound H BT-1 to HBT-10 (the 14th page) of the compound (3) of EP520938A Chinese style (I) representative-(66) (10-44 page or leaf), formula (III) representative, and the compound (1) of EP521823A Chinese style (1) representative-(31) (2-9 hurdle).
The present invention can be used for various color sensitive materials, as routine or film colour negative, projector or TV colour reversal film, colour paper, colour positive and colour reversal photographic paper.The present invention also is applicable to the film unit of the band camera lens of describing among JP-B-2-32165 and the 3-39784.
The carrier that can suitably be used for the present invention for example is described in RD No. 17643, the 28th page; No. the 18716th, RD, page left hurdle, the 647th page of right hurdle-648, and No. the 307105th, RD, the 879th page.
In photosensitive material of the present invention, be preferably 28 μ m or littler at total film thickness, more preferably 23 μ m or littler, most preferably 18 μ m or littler, and preferred especially 16 μ m or littler with all hydrophilic colloid layers on emulsion layer one side.Film swelling speed T
1/2Be preferably 30 seconds or shorter, and more preferably 20 seconds or shorter.Film swelling speed T
1/2The needed time when being defined as thickness and reaching capacity thickness 1/2, described saturated thickness is 90% of the thickness that reaches when film is handled 3 minutes and 15 seconds with color developer under 35 ℃.Thickness is meant the thickness that (2 days) are measured under the controlled humidity condition of 25 ℃ and 55% relative humidity.T
1/2People such as available A.Green are at Photogr.Sci.Eng, and the swelling instrument of describing in the 19.2nd volume 124-129 page or leaf is measured.T
1/2Can regulate by in as the gelatin of bonding agent, adding the film rigidizer, perhaps regulate by the aging condition that changes after applying.The swelling rate is preferably 150-400%.Maximum swelling thickness under the available above-mentioned condition of swelling rate uses following equation to calculate:
(maximum swelling thickness-thickness)/thickness
Can be in photosensitive material of the present invention, preferably forming total dry film thickness on a side opposite with having emulsion layer one side is the hydrophilic colloid layer (being also referred to as backing layer) of 2-20 μ m.Backing layer preferably comprises for example above-described light absorber, filter dye, ultraviolet absorber, antistatic agent, film rigidizer, bonding agent, plastifier, lubricant, coating auxiliary agent and surfactant.The swelling rate of backing layer is preferably 150-500%.
Can develop according to the conventional method of describing in the following document according to photosensitive material of the present invention: No. the 17643rd, RD, the 28th and 29 page; No. the 18716th, RD, the 651st page of L-R hurdle, and No. the 307105th, RD, 880-881 page or leaf.
The used color negative film processing solution of the present invention below will be described.
Can in color developer of the present invention, use the compound of in hurdle, 11 pages of lower-lefts of 1 row-Di, the 9th page of right hurdle of JP-A-4-121739 4 row, describing.Color developer when carrying out washing fast especially, preferred 2-methyl-4-[N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) amino] aniline, 2-methyl-4-[N-ethyl-N-(3-hydroxypropyl) amino] aniline or 2-methyl-4-[N-ethyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) amino] aniline.
It is 0.01-0.08mol that the consumption of these color developers is preferably every liter of color developer, is more preferably 0.015-0.06mol, and most preferably is 0.02-0.05mol.The additional liquid of color developer preferably comprises 1.1-3, and doubly, particularly 1.3-2.5 is doubly to the color developer of above-mentioned concentration.
As the antiseptic of color developer, be extensive use of azanol.Higher if desired anti-corrosive properties, the preferred use has such as substituent hydroxylamine derivatives such as alkyl, hydroxy alkyl, sulfo group alkyl or carboxyalkyls.Its example is N, N-two (sulfo group ethyl) azanol, monomethyl azanol, dimethyl hydroxylamine, single ethyl azanol, diethyl hydroxylamine and N, N-two (carboxy ethyl) azanol.In these derivants, particularly preferably be N, N-two (sulfo group ethyl) azanol.Though these derivants can use with azanol, preferably use one or both these derivants to replace azanol.
The consumption of antiseptic preferably whenever is upgraded to 0.02-0.2mol, more preferably 0.03-0.15mol, and 0.04-0.1mol most preferably.Additional liquid preferably comprises 1.1-3 doubly to the antiseptic of mother liquor (can,douche solution) concentration.
Color developer comprises sulphite as preventing that color developer is oxidized to the reagent of brown.The consumption of this sulphite is preferably every liter of 0.01-0.05mol, and more preferably 0.02-0.04mol.In replenishing liquid, the working concentration of sulphite is preferably 1.1-3 doubly to above-mentioned concentration.
The pH of color developer is preferably 9.8-11.0, and more preferably 10.0-10.5.In replenishing liquid, pH is preferably set to than the high 0.1-1.0 of above-mentioned value.For stably keeping this pH, can use known buffering agent, as carbonate, phosphate, sulfosalicylate or borate.
The magnitude of recruitment of color developer is preferably every m
2Photosensitive material is 80-1300 milliliter (ml).But magnitude of recruitment is preferably littler, to reduce environmental pollution.For example, magnitude of recruitment is preferably 80-600ml, and more preferably 80-400ml.
Bromide ion concentration in the color developer is generally every liter of 0.01-0.06mol.But this bromide ion concentration is preferably set to every liter of 0.015-0.03mol, to suppress ashing and improve resolution and graininess when keeping light sensitivity.For bromide ion concentration being set in this scope, only needing to be added on according to the bromide ion that following equation calculates and replenish in the liquid, but preferably in additional liquid, do not add bromide ion.
C＝A-W/V
C wherein: replenish bromide ion concentration (mol/L) in the liquid at color developer;
A: the target bromide ion concentration (mol/L) in color developer;
W: when the colour development photosensitive material, be dissolved in 1m
2The color developer of photosensitive material in the amount (mol) of bromide ion;
V:1m
2The color developer of photosensitive material replenishes the magnitude of recruitment (L) of liquid.
When reducing magnitude of recruitment or setting high bromide ion concentration, method as super-sens, preferably use development accelerant as with 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone and 1-phenyl-2-methyl-2-methylol-3-pyrazolidone pyrazolidone compounds as representative, perhaps with 3,6-two sulfo-s-1,8-ethohexadiol are the sulfide compound of representative.
Compound of describing in hurdle, 7 pages of lower-lefts of 16 row-Di, the 4th page of hurdle, lower-left of JP-A-4-125558 6 row and washing condition are applicable to the washing fluid that has bleaching power in the present invention.This bleaching agent preferably has 150mV or higher oxidation-reduction potential.The preferred concrete instance of bleaching agent is described among JP-A-5-72694 and the 5-173312.Particularly, preferred 1,3-diaminopropanetetraacetic acid and as the iron complex salt of the compound of the 7th page of embodiment 1 of JP-A-5-173312.
Be to improve the biodegradability of bleaching agent, the preferred use at JP-A-4-251845 and 4-268552, EP 588,289, EP591,934 and JP-A-6-208213 in the compound iron complex salt described as bleaching agent.It is 0.05-0.3mol that the concentration of these bleaching agents is preferably every liter of solution with bleaching power.For reducing the pollution to environment, it is 0.1-0.15mol that this concentration is preferably every liter of solution with bleaching power.When the solution with bleaching power is bleaching liquid, preferred 0.2-1mol, the more preferably bromine of 0.3-0.8mol of adding in every liter.
Additional liquid with solution of bleaching power comprises the component with concentration of calculating by following equation basically.This feasible constant concentration that might keep in the mother liquor.
C
R＝C
T×(V
1+V
2)/V
1+C
P
C wherein
R: replenish the concentration of component in the liquid;
C
T: the concentration of component in the mother liquor (can,douche solution);
C
P: the component concentrations that consumes between flush period;
V
1: the magnitude of recruitment (ml) that has the additional liquid of bleaching power in every square metre of photosensitive material;
V
2: the amount (ml) of from prebath, carrying in every square metre of photosensitive material.
In addition, bleaching liquid preferably comprises the pH buffering agent, and more preferably comprises the dicarboxylic acids that almost is destitute of smell, as succinic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, glutaric acid, hexane diacid etc.Equally, preferably use the known bleach boosters of in No. the 17129th, JP-A-53-95630, RD and US 3,893,858, describing.
The bleaching of every square metre of photosensitive material preferred addition 50-1000ml replenishes liquid to bleaching liquid.Magnitude of recruitment is 80-500ml more preferably, and most preferably is 100-300ml, also preferably bleaching liquid is carried out aeration.
Walk to compound and the washing condition described in the 8th page of hurdle, bottom right 19 row on the 7th page of hurdle, lower-left 10 of JP-A-4-125558 and be applicable to washing fluid with photographic fixing ability.
Be to improve photographic fixing rate and keeping quality, preferred separately or together with the formula (I) described among the JP-A-6-301169 and (II) compound be added in the washing fluid with photographic fixing ability.Be to improve keeping quality, the also preferred sulfinic acid described in JP-A-1-224762 of using is as to toluenesulfinate.Be to improve desilverization characteristic, preferably use ammonium as having the solution of bleaching power or having kation in the solution of photographic fixing ability.But the amount of ammonium preferably reduces, and perhaps is zero, to reduce environmental pollution.
In bleaching, bleaching-photographic fixing and photographic fixing step, particularly preferably be the injection of carrying out in JP-A-1-309059, describing and stir.
In bleaching-photographic fixing or photographic fixing step, it is 100-1000ml that the magnitude of recruitment of additional liquid is preferably every square metre of photosensitive material, and more preferably 150-700ml most preferably is 200-600ml.
In bleaching-photographic fixing or photographic fixing step, preferred online or off-line is provided with suitable silver-colored gathering-device to collect silver.When this device is set, when washing, can reduce the silver concentration in the solution when online, therefore can reduce magnitude of recruitment.Also preferred off-line is provided with this device, to collect silver and to reuse residual solution liquid as a supplement.
Bleaching-photographic fixing or photographic fixing step can be undertaken by using a plurality of can,douches, and these jars are preferably cascade form, to form the multi-stage countercurrent system.Be the size of balance flusher, the cascade system of two jars is normally effective.Before jar be preferably 0.5 with the flush time ratio of back jar: 1-1: 0.5, and more preferably 0.8: 1-1: 0.8.
In bleaching-photographic fixing or photographic fixing step, preferably there is the free sequestrant of nonmetal complex, to improve keeping quality.As sequestrant, the biodegradable cheating agent that preferred the use mentioned when describing bleaching liquid in the past.
The content of describing in hurdle, 13 pages of bottom rights of 6 row-Di, the 12nd page of hurdle, bottom right of above-mentioned JP-A-4-125558 16 row preferably is applicable to washing and stabilizing step.For improving the security of working environment, the preferred EP504 that uses, 609 and EP519, pyrrole radicals methyl amine of describing in 190 or the N-methylpyrrole compounds of describing in JP-A-4-362943 substitute the formaldehyde in the stabilizing agent, and to make magenta colour coupler be divalence, forms the surfactant solution that does not comprise image stabilizing agent such as formaldehyde.For reducing dust attached on the magnetic recording layer that is formed on the photosensitive material, the preferred stabilizing agent of in JP-A-6-289559, describing that uses.
Every square metre of photosensitive material of the magnitude of recruitment of washings and stabilizing agent is 80-1000ml, and more preferably 100-500ml, and 150-300ml most preferably are to keep washing and stabilization when reducing environmental pollution.In with the flushing that this magnitude of recruitment carried out, for preventing the breeding of bacterium and mould, preferred known mildewproof agent such as the thiabendazole, 1 of using, 2-benzisothiazole-3-ketone and 5-chloro-2-methyl isothiazoline-3-ketone, microbiotic such as gentamicin, and by for example using ion exchange resin and by the water of deionization.It is more effective than using separately to be used in combination deionized water, mildewproof agent and microbiotic.
For the solution that is placed in washing or the stable flow container, also preferably reduce magnitude of recruitment by carrying out handling as the described reverse osmotic membrane of JP-A-3-46652, JP-A-3-53246, JP-A-3-55542, JP-A-3-121448 and JP-A-3-126030.The reverse osmotic membrane that uses in above-mentioned processing is the low pressure reverse osmotic membrane preferably.
In flushing of the present invention, particularly preferably be, proofread and correct as the disclosed evaporation of carrying out washing fluid among the Journal of Technical DisclosureNo.94-4992.Particularly, preferable methods is to use according to the formula on its 2nd page 1 to use the information of the temperature and humidity of relevant developing machine installing environment to implement to proofread and correct.Be used for evaporating the water of correction preferably by additional jar of collection of washing.In the case, preferably use deionized water as the washing supplementing water.
Preferably use the 3rd page of right hurdle the 15th among the Journal of Technical Disclosure No.94-4992 to walk to the 4th page of described irrigation of left hurdle the 32nd row in the present invention.Preferred use wherein the 3rd page of capable described film developer of right hurdle 22-28 as used developing machine in the present invention's flushing.
Carry out the object lesson of the irrigation, automatic film developer and the evaporation correcting scheme that preferably use when of the present invention and see that the 5th page of right hurdle the 11st among the Journal of Technical Disclosure No.94-4992 walks to the 7th page of right hurdle last column.
The irrigation that is used for the present invention's photographic material can provide in any form, liquid agent or concentrating agents, particle, powder, tablet, paste or the emulsion of same concentrations during for example with use.For example, JP-A-63-17453 discloses the liquid agent that is stored in the low oxygen permeability container, JP-A-4-19655 and JP-A-4-230748 disclose vacuum-packed powder, JP-A-4-221951 discloses the particle that comprises water-soluble polymers, JP-A-51-61837 and JP-A-6-102628 disclose tablet, and the open 57-5000485 of PCT country has disclosed paste.Though can suitably use above-mentioned any, from the easiness of using, the preferred liquid that has same concentrations when using that uses.
The container that is used for storing above-mentioned irrigation for example is made of any of tygon, polypropylene, Polyvinylchloride, polyethylene terephthalate and nylon or their potpourri.Can select according to needed oxygen permeability.The material of low oxygen permeability is preferred for the liquid such as the colour developing solution of easy oxidation.More specifically, the compound substance of preferred polyethylene terephthalate or tygon and nylon.Preferably, these materials are used for container with the thickness of 500-1500 μ m respectively, make that whole oxygen permeability is 20ml/m
224hrsatm or lower.
Below description is applicable to the washing fluid that is used for color reverse film of the present invention.For the color reverse film flushing, the preferred use the following specifically describes: Aztech Ltd., and Public Technology No.6 (on April 1st, 1991), the 1st page the 5th is walked to the 10th page of the 5th row, and 24 page of the 2nd row of the 15th page of eighth row to the.In the color reverse film flushing, in bathing and finally bathe, contrast comprises the image stabilizing agent.The example of preferred image stabilizing agent comprises formalin, sodium formaldehydebisulfite and N-methylol azoles.From the angle of working environment, sodium formaldehydebisulfite and N-methylol azoles are preferred, and preferred especially N-methylol triazole is as N-methylpyrrole compounds.Also preferably be applicable to the flushing of color reverse film about colour developing solution, bleaching liquid, stop bath and the washings of colour negative flushing.
Can use the irrigation E-6 that obtains by Eastman Kodak and by Fuji Photo Film Co., the irrigation CR-56 that Ltd. obtains is as the example that comprises the preferred color reverse film irrigation of above-mentioned feature.
The used colour photographic sensitive material of the present invention is suitable as the negative film that is used for advanced photographic system (hereinafter referred to as " APS ").Its example is by Fuji Photo Film Co., NEXIA A, NEXIA F or NEXIA H (being respectively ISO 200,100 and 400) that Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as " FujiFilm ") makes.These films are processed into the APS form, and with in its special-purpose magazine of packing into.These APS magazine films are put into the APS camera, for example are the Fuji FilmEpion series of representative with Epion 300Z.Colour photographic sensitive material of the present invention also is suitable for being equipped with the film of camera lens, as FUJICOLOR UTSURUNDESU (Quick Snap) the SUPER FILM of FujiFilm manufacturing.
Thus the film of Zhao Xianging in the microscale experiment chamber system by the following steps printing:
(1) accepts (accept exposed magazine film) by client;
(2) take (film being transferred to the middle magazine that is used for developing from above-mentioned magazine) apart;
(3) film development;
(4) back contact (negative film that develops is back in the original magazine);
(5) printing (on colour paper, printing C, H and three types of photos of P and index photo (the Super FA8 that preferred Fuji Film makes) continuously automatically); Then
(6) proofread and send (, sending photo then) with ID number check and correction magazine and index photo.
Said system is Fuji Film MINILABO CHAMPION SUPER FA-298, FA-278, FA-258 and FA-238 preferably.Film procnssing machine for example is FP922AL, FP562B, FP562BL, FP362B and FP3622BL, and the flushing chemicals of recommending is Fuji Color JustIt CN-16L.The example of printingout developing machine is PP3008AR, PP3008A, PP1828AR, PP1828A, PP1258AR, PP1258A, PP728AR and PP728A, and the flushing chemicals of recommending is Fuji Color Just It CP-47L.Preferred use Fuji Film DT200 or DT100 and AT200 or AT100 are respectively as the back contactor in the dismounting machine of taking step apart and the back contact procedure.
APS can appreciate with the fast music system (PHOTO JOY SYSTEM) of taking a picture, and its critical piece is Fuji Film Aladin 1000 digitized video scanners.For example, the APS magazine film that has developed directly is placed among the Aladdin 1000, or, can easily process and edit resulting digital image data then with wherein 35mm Film scanner FE-550 or tack scanner PE-550 input negative film, positive or photo image information.These data can perhaps be printed by film unit by known laboratory equipment by NC-550AL digital color printer that adopts light photographic fixing heat sensitive color print system or the PICTOROGRAPHY 3000 that adopts laser explosure thermal development transfer system.Aladdin 1000 also can directly export numerical information in floppy disk, the Zip dish, perhaps exports among the CD-R by the CD read write line.
Can appreciate photo at TV simply if the APS magazine film that has developed is put into photo player (photoplayer) AP-1 of Fuji Film manufacturing at home.The APS magazine film that has developed is put into the photo scanning instrument AS-1 that Fuji Film makes, also at full speed image information is imported in the personal computer serially.PhotovisionFV-10 that available Fuji Film makes or FV-5 are with in film, photo or the stereo article input personal computer.In addition, use Fuji Film Photo Factory application software to handle the image information that is recorded in floppy disk, Zip dish, CD-R or the hard disk on computers.The digital color printer NC-2 of the employing light photographic fixing heat sensitive color print system of being made by Fuji Film or NC-2D are suitable for the photo by the personal computer outputting high quality.
The preferred storage of using Fuji Color Pocket Album AP-5 Pop L, Ap-1 Pop L or Ap-1Pop KG or Cartridge File16 to be used for the APS film that develops.
Below use description to the magnetic recording layer among the present invention.
Suitable magnetic recording layer can be made up of any ferromagnetism iron oxide, as γ Fe
2O
3, the coated γ Fe of cobalt
2O
3, the coated magnetic iron ore of cobalt, the magnetic iron ore that comprises cobalt, ferromagnetic chromium dioxide, ferromagnetic metal, ferromagnetic alloy, hexahedron system barium ferrite, strontium ferrite, ferrous acid lead and calcium ferrite.Wherein, the γ Fe of the ferromagnetism iron oxide of preferred cobalt coating such as cobalt coating
2O
3Its configuration can be any in needle-like, the grain of rice, sphere, cube and the sheet.Specific surface area is with S
BETMeter preferably is at least 20m
2/ g, more preferably 30m
2/ g.The saturation magnetization of ferrimagnet (σ S) preferably 3.0 * 10
4To 3.0 * 10
4A/m, more preferably 4.0 * 10
4To 2.5 * 10
5A/m.The surperficial available silicon dioxide of ferromagnetic particle and/or aluminium oxide or organic material carry out surface treatment.In addition, silane coupling agent or the titanium coupling agent of describing among the surperficial available JP-A-6-161032 of particles of magnetic material handled.Moreover, can be surperficial with magnetic material inorganic or the organic material coating as use as described in JP-A-4-259911 and the 5-81652.
The bonding agent that is used for particles of magnetic material can be by any at the natural polymer described in the JP-A-4-219569 (as cellulose derivative and sugar derivatives), acid-, alkali-or Biodegradable polymeric, reaction resin, radiation curing resin, any composition in thermoset resin and thermoplastic resin and their potpourri.The Tg of above-mentioned resin is respectively-40 to 300 ℃, and weight average molecular weight range is 2000-1000000.For example, can use ethylenic copolymer as the suitable bonding resin, cellulose derivative such as cellulose diacetate, cellulose triacetate, cellulose-acetate propionate, cellulose acetate-butyrate and three cellulose propionates, acryl resin and polyvinyl acetal resin.Gelatin also is the suitable bonding resin.Wherein, particularly preferably be two (three) cellulose acetates.Can solidify by adding epoxy radicals, acridine or isocyanate crosslinking.Suitable isocyanate crosslinking comprises for example isocyanates such as inferior cresyl vulcabond, 4,4 '-methyl diphenylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexylidene diisocyanate and eylylene diisocyanate, the reaction product of these isocyanates and polyvalent alcohol (for example reaction product of 3mol inferior cresyl vulcabond and 1mol trimethylolpropane), and the polyisocyanate by the preparation of these isocyanates of condensation, these materials for example are described among the JP-A-6-59357.
In above-mentioned bonding agent, disperse the method for magnetic material to comprise and described in JP-A-6-35092, be used alone or in combination kneader, post (pin) type mill, ring ball mill.Can use at the spreading agent described in the JP-A-5-088283 and other conventional spreading agents.The thickness range of magnetic recording layer is 0.1-10 μ m, is preferably 0.2-5 μ m, more preferably 0.3-3 μ m.The weight ratio of particles of magnetic material and bonding agent is preferably 0.5: 100-60: in 100 the scope, and more preferably 1: 100-30: 100.The coating amount of particles of magnetic material is 0.005-3g/m
2, be preferably 0.01-2g/m
2, and 0.02-0.05g/m more preferably
2The transmit yellow color density of this magnetic recording layer is 0.01-0.50 preferably, 0.03-0.20 more preferably, and most preferably be 0.04-0.15.Magnetic recording layer can by coating or to be printed on the dorsal part of photograph carrier whole or use with candy strip.For example can use that gas scraper, scraper plate, air knife doctor knife coater, extruding, dipping, reverse roller, transferring roller, intaglio printing, kiss are coated with, curtain coating, spraying, dip-coating, drawdown rod or squeezing and coating use magnetic recording layer.The application of liquid of preferably in JP-A-5-341436, describing.
Magnetic recording layer also can be provided with for example has lubricity strengthen, curl regulate, the layer of antistatic, antiseized and magnetic head cleaning function, other functional layers perhaps are set, to give these functions.At least one ingredient of preferred abrasive particles is that Mohs hardness is at least 5 non-spherical inorganic particle.Non-spherical inorganic particle preferably is made up of following material: oxide is aluminium oxide, chromium oxide, silicon dioxide and titania for example, and carbonide is silit and titanium carbide for example, and adamas.The surperficial available silane coupling agent of these lapping compounds or titanium coupling agent are handled.Above-mentioned particle can be added in the magnetic recording layer, and perhaps magnetic recording layer is with particle coated (for example as protective seam or lubricating layer).The bonding agent that is used for this purpose is with above-described identical, preferably with magnetic recording layer in identical.Photosensitive material with magnetic recording layer is described in USP5,336,589,5,250,404 and 5,229,259 and 5,215,874 and EP 466,130 in.
Below use description to the polyester support among the present invention.The photosensitive material of its details and the following stated, processing, magazine and work embodiment are described in Journal of Technical DisclosureNo.94-6023 (being published on March 15th, 1994 by Japan Institute of Invention and Innovation) particularly.The polyester that is used for the present invention is made as basis by two pure and mild aromatic dicarboxylic acids.Suitable aromatic dicarboxylic acids comprises 2,6-, 1,5-, 1,4-and 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, terephthalic acid (TPA), m-phthalic acid and phthalic acid, and the example of suitable glycol comprises diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, bisphenol-A and other bisphenol compound.Resulting polymers comprises homopolymer, as polyethylene terephthalate, PEN and poly-cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate.Preferred especially 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid content is the polyester of 50-100mol%.Most preferably gather 2, the 6-(ethylene naphthalate).Their mean molecular weight is about 5000-200000.The Tg of polyester of the present invention is 50 ℃ at least, preferably is at least 90 ℃.
For suppressing curling, polyester support need be heat-treated, temperature be 40 ℃-be lower than Tg, be preferably (Tg-20 ℃) to being lower than Tg.This thermal treatment can be carried out under the steady temperature that remains within the above-mentioned scope, perhaps can carry out under cooling.The heat treatment period scope is 0.1-1500 hour, preferred 0.5-200 hour.The form that carrier can be rolled up is heat-treated, or carries out with the form of sheet.The format surface of carrier can (for example be used SnO by making the surface be irregular to improve
2, Sb
2O
5Etc. the coating of electric conductivity fine inorganic particles).In addition, wish the edge of carrier is twisted, make that only the edge is slightly high, prevent the photograph of core segment thus.Above-mentioned thermal treatment can form the back at the carrier film, carry out in any stage behind (for example using antistatic agent or lubricant) and the coating undercoat after the surface treatment, after applying backing layer.Thermal treatment is preferably carried out after using antistatic agent.
Ultraviolet absorber can be ground in the polyester.Photoconductive tube (light piping) can prevent by grind commercially available dyestuff and pigment as polyester additives in polyester, described dyestuff and pigment for example are Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, Ltd. Diaresin of Zhi Zaoing and NIPPONKAYAKU CO., the Kayaset that LTD. makes.
In the present invention, preferably carry out surface treatment, so that carrier and photosensitive material composition layer are together with each other.This surface treatment for example is surface activation process such as chemical treatment, mechanical treatment, halation discharge process, flame treatment, ultraviolet processing, high frequency processing, glow discharge processing, activating plasma processing, laser treatment, acid mixture processing or ozone Oxidation Treatment.
Photosensitive material of the present invention can have bottom at least one side in emulsion side and dorsal part.This bottom can be made up of single layer or two or more layers.Bonding agent as this bottom, it not only can be the multipolymer of making as starting material by monomer, also can be poly-cyclopropylamine, epoxy resin, grafted gelatin, NC Nitroncellulose and gelatin, wherein said monomer is selected from vinylidene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethene, butadiene, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, itaconic acid and maleic anhydride.Use resorcinol and parachlorophenol as carrier swelling compound.Gelatin hardener such as chromic salts (as chrome alum chromalum), aldehyde (as formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde), isocyanates, active halogen compound (as 2,4-two chloro-6-hydroxyl-S-triazoles), epichlorohydrin resins all can be used in this bottom.Equally, also can mix silicon dioxide, titania, fine inorganic particles or polymethyl methacrylate copolymer fine grained (0.01-10 μ m) therein as matting agent.
In addition, preferably use antistatic agent in the present invention.Suitable antistatic agent comprises polymkeric substance, cationic polymer and the anionic surfactant that contains carboxylic acid and carboxylate, sulfonate.
Most preferred antistatic agent is the fine grained that is selected from least a crystalline metal oxide in following group: ZnO, TiO
2, SnO
2, Al
2O
3, In
2O
3, SiO
2, MgO, BaO, MoO
3And V
2O
5, their specific insulation is 10
7Ω cm or lower is preferably 10
5Ω cm or lower, and particle diameter is 0.001-1.0 μ m, or their composite oxides (Sb, P, B, In, S, Si, C etc.), and the metal oxide fine particles of aerosol form or its composite oxides.Its content in photosensitive material is preferably 5-500mg/m
2, 10-350mg/m more preferably
2The ratio of electric conductivity crystalline oxide or its composite oxides and bonding agent is preferably 1/300-100/1, more preferably 1/100-100/5.
Preferred photosensitive material of the present invention has lubricity.The layer that comprises lubricant preferably is arranged on photographic layer side and the dorsal part.In kinetic friction coefficient, lubricity is preferably 0.25-0.01.Lubricity is by being that the enterprising line slip of stainless steel ball of 5mm records with the speed of 60cm/min at diameter.In this assessment,, still can obtain the value of level much at one even opposite material is replaced with the photosensitive material side.
Available lubricant in the present invention for example is the ester of polysiloxane, higher fatty acid amides, higher fatty acid slaine or higher fatty acid and higher alcohol.The example of suitable polysiloxane comprises dimethyl silicone polymer, poly-di-ethyl siloxane, polystyrene methyl siloxane and PSI.Lubricant preferably is added in the outermost layer of backing layer or emulsion layer.Preferred especially dimethyl silicone polymer and ester with chain alkyl.
The preferred matting agent that uses in photosensitive material of the present invention.Though matting agent can be used in respectively on emulsion side or the dorsal part, particularly preferably be matting agent is added on the outermost layer of emulsion side.Matting agent may be dissolved in the washing fluid or is insoluble to washing fluid, and preferably uses the combination of solubility and insolubility matting agent.For example, preferred polymethylmethacrylate, poly-(methyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid) (mol ratio of 9/1 or 5/5) and granules of polystyrene.Its particle size range is 0.8-10 μ m preferably.Preferred its has narrow size distribution, and wishes to have at least in the amounts of particles 90% to be included in 0.9-1.1 doubly in the scope of mean grain size.In addition, for strengthening extinction, the preferred 0.8 μ m or the fine grained of small particle diameter more of adding simultaneously, it for example comprises following particle: polymethylmethacrylate (0.2 μ m), poly-(methyl methacrylate/methacrylic acid) (9/1 mol ratio, 0.3 μ m), polystyrene (0.25 μ m) and cataloid (0.03 μ m).
Below use description to the film cassette among the present invention.The main material that constitutes film cassette in the present invention is metal or synthetic plastic.
The preferred example of plastics comprises polystyrene, tygon, polypropylene and polyphenylene ether.The film cassette that is used for the present invention can comprise various types of antistatic agent, and preference is as comprising carbon black, metal oxide particle, non-ionic surfactant, anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant or betaine type amphoteric surfactant and polymkeric substance.These anlistatig film cassettes are described among JP-A-1-312537 and the 1-312538.Resistance under 25 ℃, 25%RH is preferably 10
12Ω or lower.The plastic film magazine grinds adding carbon black or pigment, so that it has the shading performance usually by plastic in these plastics.The magazine size can perhaps be used for miniature camera with common 135 measure-alike, and can be advantageously the 25mm magazine diameter of present 135 sizes be reduced to 22mm or littler.The volume of cassette shell is preferably 30cm
3Or littler, 25cm more preferably
3Or it is littler.The weight of used plastics is preferably 5-15g in magazine or the cassette shell.
Magazine used among the present invention can enough turning axles be sent film.In addition, the structure of magazine should make the film leading edge be in the magazine main frame, and the film leading edge is sent according to the film transport direction by the exit portion of turning axle by magazine.These all are disclosed in USP4, in 834,306 and 5,226,613.The photographic film that is used for the present invention is referred to as still undeveloped raw material or development photographic film.Raw material can be placed in the identical new magazine with the photographic film that has developed or in the different magazines.
Embodiment
Below embodiment of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited among these embodiment.
Gelatin-1 to the gelatin-5 that is used as dispersion medium in emulsion described below has following character.
Gelatin-1: the bone collagen gelatin of making by ox bone of conventional alkali treatment.In this gelatin, do not have-NH
2Group is by chemical modification.
Gelatin-2: it is the following gelatin that makes: add phthalic anhydride and cause chemical reaction under the condition of 50 ℃ and pH9.0 in the aqueous solution of gelatin-1, remove residual phthalic acid, then the material of dry gained.In the gelatin chemical modification-NH
2The quantity ratio of group is 95%.
Gelatin-3: it is the following gelatin that makes: add trimellitic anhydride and cause chemical reaction under the condition of 50 ℃ and pH9.0 in the aqueous solution of gelatin-1, remove residual trimellitic acid, then the material of dry gained.In the gelatin chemical modification-NH
2The quantity ratio of group is 95%.
Gelatin-4: it is the following gelatin that makes: make enzyme act on gelatin-1, reduce the molecular weight of this gelatin, make that mean molecular weight is 15000, make enzyme deactivation, then the material of dry gained.In this gelatin, do not have-NH
2Group is by chemical modification.
Gelatin-5: it is by making hydrogen peroxide act on the gelatin that forms with oxidation methionine group on the gelatin-4.Methionine content is 3.4mol/g.Molecular weight is 15000, and is identical with gelatin-4.In this gelatin, do not have-NH
2Group is by chemical modification.
All above-mentioned gelatin-1 to gelatin-5 all is deionization, and is 6.0 at 35 ℃ of pH that regulate its 5% aqueous solution.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment illustrates the preparation and the coating of thick emulsion, and assessment has the depth-width ratio of this platy shaped particle of platy shaped particle of dislocation line and the variation factor of thickness distribution is different.
The preparation of emulsion A-1
Stir the aqueous solution 1300ml (first formulations prepared from solutions) that comprises 1.0g potassium bromide and 1.1g aforesaid gelatin-4 down at 35 ℃.In 30 seconds time, add aqueous solution X-1 (in 100ml, comprising the 5.2g potassium bromide) and the 4ml aqueous solution G-1 (in 100ml, comprising 8.0g aforesaid gelatin-4) of (adding 1) 18ml water solution A g-1 (silver nitrate that in 100ml, comprises 4.9g), 13.8ml with fixed rate with three gunitees.Afterwards, add the potassium bromide of 6.5g, elevate the temperature then to 75 ℃.Carry out maturing step after 12 minutes, adding 300ml aqueous solution G-2 (in 100ml, comprising 12.7g aforesaid gelatin-3).Order is added 4 of 2.1g, 5-dihydroxy-1, the thiourea dioxide of 3-disodium disulfonate monohydrate and 0.002g in 1 minute interval.
Next, in 14 minutes time, add water solution A g-2 (silver nitrate that in 100ml, comprises 22.1g) and the aqueous solution X-2 (potassium bromide that in 100ml, comprises 15.5g) of 157ml by two gunitees.The flow velocity of water solution A g-2 during accelerating to add makes that final flow rate is 3.4 times of initial flow rate.Also add aqueous solution X-2, make that the pAg of raw emulsion is 8.30 (adding 2) in the reaction vessel.Subsequently, in 27 minutes time, add water solution A g-3 (silver nitrate that in 100ml, comprises 32.0g) and the aqueous solution X-3 (in 100ml, comprising the potassium bromide of 21.5g and the potassium iodide of 1.2g) of 329ml by two gunitees.The flow velocity of water solution A g-3 during accelerating to add makes that final flow rate is 1.6 times of initial flow rate.Equally, add aqueous solution X-3, make that the pAg of raw emulsion is 8.30 (adding 3) in the reaction vessel.In addition, in 17 minutes time, add water solution A g-4 (silver nitrate that in 100ml, comprises 32.0g) and the aqueous solution X-4 (potassium bromide that in 100ml, comprises 22.4g) of 156ml by two gunitees.Add water solution A g-4 with constant flow rate.With adding aqueous solution X-4, make that the pAg of raw emulsion is 8.15 (adding 4) in the reaction vessel.
Afterwards, add 0.0025g sodium benzenethiosulfonate and 125ml aqueous solution G-3 (in 100ml, comprising 12.0g aforesaid gelatin-1) with 1 minute intervening sequences.Add the potassium bromide of 43.7g then, the pAg of raw emulsion is 9.00 in the conditioned reaction container.Add the silver iodide fine particle emulsion (comprising the 13.0g mean grain size in 100g is the silver iodide fine grained of 0.047 μ m) of 73.9g.After 2 minutes, add 249ml water solution A g-4 and aqueous solution X-4 by two gunitees.In 9 minutes time, add water solution A g-4 with fixed rate.The interpolation of aqueous solution X-4 was only carried out at 3.3 minutes, made that the pAg of raw emulsion remains on 9.00 in the reaction vessel.In remaining 5.7 minutes, do not add aqueous solution X-4, make that the pAg of raw emulsion finally is 8.4 (adding 5) in the reaction vessel.Afterwards, carry out desalination by normal flocculation.Stirring and 56 ℃ of following interpolation water, NaOH and aforesaid gelatin-1, and respectively pH and pAg are being adjusted to 6.4 and 8.6.
The eigenwert of the emulsion grain that so makes is as shown in table 1 below.
Subsequently, sequentially add sensitizing dye Exs-1, potassium rhodanide, gold chloride, sodium thiosulfate and N as described below, N-dimethyl selenourea carries out chemical sensitization to emulsion thus best.Add water-soluble sulfhydryl compound MER-1 and MER-2 as follows with 4: 1 ratios, make that total amount is that every mol silver halide is 3.6 * 10
-4Mol, thus this chemical sensitization finished.
Sensitizing dye of the present invention is as thin solid dispersions, and it is to form with the method described in the JP-A-11-52507.
For example, the thin solid dispersions of following formation sensitizing dye Exs-1.
The sodium nitrate of 0.8 weight portion and the sodium sulphate of 3.2 weight portions are dissolved in the ion exchange water of 43 weight portions, use the dissolver blade of 2000rpm rotating speed to disperse this material 20 minutes down then, obtain the thin solid dispersions of sensitizing dye Exs-1 thus at 60 ℃.
Preparation emulsion 1-B
The preparation condition of following change emulsion 1-A makes emulsion 1-B thus:
(i) pAg that (adds 2) remains on 8.44, and
(ii) the pAg that (adds 3) remains on 8.44.
The eigenwert of gained emulsion grain sees the following form shown in 1.Be similar to emulsion 1-A and also this emulsion carried out chemical sensitization.
Preparation emulsion 1-C
The preparation condition of following change emulsion 1-A makes emulsion 1-C thus:
(i) pAg that (adds 2) remains on 7.86, and
(ii) the pAg that (adds 3) remains on 7.86.
The eigenwert of gained emulsion grain sees the following form shown in 1.Be similar to emulsion 1-A and also this emulsion carried out chemical sensitization.
Preparation emulsion 1-D
The preparation condition of following change emulsion 1-A makes emulsion 1-D thus:
(i) the interpolation solution in (interpolation 2) is added on as in the described stirrer of JP-A-10-43570, and will be added in the reaction vessel by the silver bromide ultra-fine grain emulsion of discharging in this stirrer.The pAg of the feasible silver bromide ultra-fine grain emulsion that gives off of the interpolation of X-2 is 7.86.Aqueous solution X-1 also is added in the reaction vessel, makes the pAg of container remain on 7.50, and
Interpolation solution in (ii) (adding 3) is added in the aforesaid stirrer, and will be added in the reaction vessel by the silver bromide ultra-fine grain emulsion of discharging in this stirrer.The pAg of the feasible silver bromide ultra-fine grain emulsion that gives off of the interpolation of X-2 is 7.86.Aqueous solution X-1 also is added in the reaction vessel, makes the pAg of container remain on 7.50.
The eigenwert of gained emulsion grain sees the following form shown in 1.
Be similar to emulsion 1-A and also this emulsion carried out chemical sensitization.
Preparation emulsion 1-E
The preparation condition of following change emulsion 1-D makes emulsion 1-E thus:
(i) interpolation speed is increased by 6 times, but do not change addition, the interpolation time that shortens (adding 1) thus is 5 seconds, and
(ii) temperature is increased to the time lengthening to 18 minute of the maturing step that carries out after 75 ℃ after (add 1) finishes.
The eigenwert of gained emulsion grain sees the following form shown in 1.
Be similar to emulsion 1-A and also this emulsion carried out chemical sensitization.
Preparation emulsion 1-F
The preparation condition of following change emulsion 1-E makes emulsion 1-F thus:
(i) pAg in reaction vessel remains on 7.57 during (interpolation 2), and
PAg during (ii) (adding 3) in reaction vessel remains on 7.57.
The eigenwert of gained emulsion grain sees the following form shown in 1.
Be similar to emulsion 1-A and also this emulsion carried out chemical sensitization.
Preparation emulsion 1-G
The preparation condition of following change emulsion 1-D makes emulsion 1-G thus:
(i) pAg in reaction vessel remains on 7.72 during (interpolation 2), and
PAg during (ii) (adding 3) in reaction vessel remains on 7.72.
The eigenwert of gained emulsion grain sees the following form shown in 1.
Be similar to emulsion 1-A and also this emulsion carried out chemical sensitization.
Preparation emulsion 1-H
The preparation condition of following change emulsion 1-D makes emulsion 1-H thus:
(i) pAg in reaction vessel remains on 7.86 during (interpolation 2), and
PAg during (ii) (adding 3) in reaction vessel remains on 7.86.
The eigenwert of gained emulsion grain sees the following form shown in 1.
Be similar to emulsion 1-A and also this emulsion carried out chemical sensitization.
Table 1
| Emulsion | The COV of ECD (%) | ECD is that 3.5 μ m or bigger and thickness are the ratio (%) of 0.25 μ m or littler particle | Distance between the twin plane is the ratio (%) of 0.016 μ m or littler particle | Explanation |
| 1-A | 36 | 45 | 65 | Contrast |
| 1-B | 44 | 55 | 65 | Contrast |
| 1-C | 22 | 30 | 65 | Contrast |
| 1-D | 26 | 65 | 65 | The present invention |
| 1-E | 19 | 65 | 65 | The present invention |
| 1-F | 20 | 75 | 65 | The present invention |
| 1-G | 22 | 85 | 65 | The present invention |
| 1-H | 25 | 95 | 65 | The present invention |
The COV=variation factor
The ECD=equal circle diameter
Under liquid nitrogen temperature, observe each emulsion 1-A to 1-H with the 400kV transmission electron microscope.Consequently, appearance 10 or more dislocation lines in the marginal portion of any platy shaped particle.The comparative illustration of emulsion 1-D and emulsion 1-E, the average magnitude of dislocation line is slightly high in emulsion 1-E, and the particle differences of dislocation line is less in emulsion 1-E.
It should be noted that emulsion 1-A to 1-G adds 4 before immediately (add 2) in above-mentioned emulsion preparation process, 5-dihydroxy-1,3-disulfonic acid disodium monohydrate and carry out reduction sensitization.
Should also be noted that emulsion 1-A to 1-H carries out spectral sensitization by add sensitizing dye Exs-1 in the chemical sensitization step in the emulsion preparation process.This makes that these emulsions are respectively green silver halide emulsion, and its spectral sensitivity is maximum under the 550nm wavelength.
There is the cellulose triacetate thin-film carrier of undercoat under the coating condition shown in the table 2, to apply, forms sample 101-108 thus with emulsion 1-A to 1-H.
Table 2: emulsion coating condition
(1) emulsion layer
Emulsion ... various emulsions (silver 1.63 * 10
-2Mol/m
2)
Colour coupler (2.26 * 10
-3Mol/m
2)
Tricresyl phosphate (1.32g/m
2)
Gelatin (3.24g/m
2)
(2) protective seam
2,4-two chloro-6-hydroxyls-s-triazine sodium salt (0.08g/m
2)
Gelatin (1.80g/m
2)
These samples carry out film sclerosis 14 hours under 40 ℃, the condition of 70% relative humidity.The gained sample exposed 1/100 second by SC-50 gelatin light filter (it is Fuji Photo Film Co., the long wavelength light transmitting filter that Ltd. makes, its cutoff wavelength is 500nm) and continuous wedge.Below will describe the development of these samples, its development density is measured by green filter, with assessment photograph character.
The FP-350 negative film developing machine that uses Fuji Photo Film to make washes (replenishing liquid measure until the accumulation of each solution is 3 times of mother liquor tank volume) to the gained sample by the following method.
Purging method
| Step | Time | Temperature | Magnitude of recruitment * |
| Colour development | 2 minutes 45 seconds | 38℃ | 45ml |
| Bleaching | 1 minute 00 second | 38℃ | 20ml |
| The bleaching liquid overflow is sent in bleaching-fixing tank fully | |||
| Blix | 3 minutes 15 seconds | 38℃ | 30ml |
| Washing | 40 seconds | 35℃ | By (2) to (1) convection current |
| Washing (2) | 1 minute 00 second | 35℃ | 30ml |
| Stable | 40 seconds | 38℃ | 20ml |
| Dry | 1 minute 15 seconds | 55℃ | |
*Magnitude of recruitment is with the wide sample of the 35mm of the 1.1m value representation of (being equivalent to the effect of 24 Ex. films).
Shown in washing fluid composed as follows.
Color developer
| Form | Jar solution (g) | Replenish liquid (g) |
| Diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (DTPA) | 1.0 | 1.1 |
| 1-hydroxy ethylene-1, the 1-di 2 ethylhexyl phosphonic acid | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| Sodium sulphite | 4.0 | 4.4 |
| Sal tartari | 30.0 | 37.0 |
| Potassium bromide | 1.4 | 0.7 |
| Potassium iodide | 1.5mg | - |
| Hydroxylamine sulfate | 2.4 | 2.8 |
| 4-[N-ethyl-N-(beta-hydroxy ethyl) amino]-2-aminotoluene sulfate | 4.5 | 5.5 |
| Add and add water to | 1.0L | 1.0 |
| PH (regulating) with potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid | 10.05 | 10.10 |
Bleaching liquid
| Form | Jar solution and additional liquid phase are with (g) |
| The ferric ammonium ethylene diamine tetraacetate dihydrate | 120.0 |
| Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate | 10.0 |
| Ammonium bromide | 100.0 |
| Ammonium nitrate | 10.0 |
| Bleach boosters (CH 3) 2N-CH 2CH 2-S-S-CH 2-CH 2-N(CH 3) 2·2HCl | 0.005mol |
| Ammoniacal liquor (27%) | 15.0ml |
| Add and add water to | 1.0L |
| PH (regulating) with ammoniacal liquor and nitric acid | 6.3 |
Bleaching-fixing bath
| Form | Jar solution (g) | Replenish liquid (g) |
| The ferric ammonium ethylene diamine tetraacetate dihydrate | 50.0 | - |
| Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate | 5.0 | 2.0 |
| Sodium sulphite | 12.0 | 20.0 |
| Thiosulfuric acid aqueous ammonium (700g/L) | 240.0ml | 400.0ml |
| Ammoniacal liquor (27%) | 6.0ml | - |
| Add and add water to | 1.0L | 1.0L |
| PH (regulating) with ammoniacal liquor and acetate | 7.2 | 7.3 |
Washings
Tap water is delivered in the mixed bed column, and this column filling has H type strong-acid cation-exchange resin (Amberlite IR-120B: can be from Rohm ﹠amp; Haas Co. obtains) and OH type alkalescence anion-exchange resin (Amberlite IR-400), the concentration of calcium and magnesium is set at 3mg/l or lower.Subsequently, add the sodium sulphate of the isocyanuric acid dichloride sodium 0.15g/l of 20mg/l.The pH scope of solution is 6.5-7.5.
Stabilizing agent
| Form | Jar solution and additional liquid phase are with (g) |
| SPTS | 0.03 |
| The single nonylplenyl ether (average degree of polymerization 10) of polyoxyethylene-p- | 0.2 |
| Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate | 0.05 |
| 1,2, the 4-triazole | 1.3 |
| 1,4-two (1,2,4-triazol-1-yl methyl) piperazine | 0.75 |
| Add and add water to | 1.0L |
| PH | 8.5 |
The results are shown in shown in the following table 3.Light sensitivity is represented with the relative value of the inverse of the needed exposure of density that reaches ashing density+0.2.Sample 102,104 and 105 contrast show, for super-sens, with the distribution variation coefficent of equal circle diameter be set at 40% or lower be important.It also discloses, and from the contrast of sample 105 and 108 as can be seen, equal circle diameter is that 3.5 μ m or higher, thickness are that 0.35 μ m or lower proportion of particles are high more, and the light sensitivity of this emulsion is just high more.The light sensitivity of sample 101 is assumed to be 100.
Table 3
| Sample | Light sensitivity | Explanation |
| 101 | 100 | Contrast |
| 102 | 102 | Contrast |
| 103 | 79 | Contrast |
| 104 | 107 | The present invention |
| 105 | 118 | The present invention |
| 106 | 122 | The present invention |
| 107 | 125 | The present invention |
| 108 | 129 | The present invention |
Embodiment 2
This embodiment explanation has the preparation of the sheet emulsion of dislocation line, thick emulsion coating and assessment, and wherein the variation factor of distance changes between distance between the twin plane and the twin plane.
Preparation emulsion 2-A
The preparation condition of emulsion 1-E among the following change embodiment 1 makes emulsion 2-A thus:
(i) temperature of (first solution) remains on 25 ℃, and
(ii) the addition of Ag-1, X-1 and G-1 becomes 14.4,10.9 and 3.2ml respectively, but the interpolation time of (adding 1) does not change.
The eigenwert of gained emulsion grain sees the following form shown in 4.
Be similar to emulsion 1-A and also this emulsion carried out chemical sensitization.
Preparation emulsion 2-E
The preparation condition of emulsion 1-E among the following change embodiment 1 makes emulsion 2-E thus:
(i) temperature of (first solution) remains on 15 ℃, and
(ii) the addition of Ag-1, X-1 and G-1 becomes 10.8,8.2 and 2.4ml respectively, but the interpolation time of (adding 1) does not change.
The eigenwert of gained emulsion grain sees the following form shown in 4.
Be similar to emulsion 1-A and also this emulsion carried out chemical sensitization.
Preparation emulsion 2-J and 2-K
The preparation condition of emulsion 1-E among the following change embodiment 1 makes emulsion 2-J thus:
(i) temperature of (first solution) remains on 55 ℃.
The eigenwert of gained emulsion grain sees the following form shown in 4.
Be similar to emulsion 1-A and also this emulsion carried out chemical sensitization.
The preparation condition of emulsion 1-E among the following change embodiment 1 makes emulsion 2-K thus:
(i) temperature of (first solution) remains on 65 ℃.
The eigenwert of gained emulsion grain sees the following form shown in 4.
Be similar to emulsion 1-A and also this emulsion carried out chemical sensitization.
Table 4
| Emulsion | The COV of ECD (%) | ECD is that 3.5 μ m or bigger and thickness are the ratio (%) of 0.25 μ m or littler particle | Distance between the twin plane is the ratio (%) of 0.016 μ m or littler particle | Explanation |
| 1-E | 19 | 65 | 65 | The present invention |
| 2-A | 19 | 65 | 75 | The present invention |
| 2-E | 19 | 65 | 90 | The present invention |
| 2-J | 19 | 65 | 45 | Contrast |
| 2-K | 19 | 65 | 30 | Contrast |
The COV=variation factor
The ECD=equal circle diameter
Under liquid nitrogen temperature, observe each emulsion 2-A, E, J and K with the 400kV transmission electron microscope.Consequently, appearance 10 or more dislocation lines in the marginal portion of any platy shaped particle.1-E compares with emulsion, observes more highdensity dislocation line in emulsion 2-A, and it is higher to observe the density of dislocation line in emulsion 2-E.
It should be noted that emulsion 2-A, E, J and K add 4 before immediately (add 2) in above-mentioned emulsion preparation process, 5-dihydroxy-1,3-disulfonic acid disodium monohydrate and thiocarbamide and carry out reduction sensitization.
Should also be noted that emulsion 2-A, E, J and K carry out spectral sensitization by add sensitizing dye Exs-1 in the chemical sensitization step in the emulsion preparation process.This makes that these emulsions are respectively green silver halide emulsion, and its spectral sensitivity is maximum under the 550nm wavelength.
According to the same program among the embodiment 1,, form sample 201-205 by with emulsion 1E and 2-A, E, J and K coating carrier.In addition, assess photographic property according to the mode identical with embodiment 1.The result is as shown in table 5 below.Light sensitivity is represented (light sensitivity of assumes samples 205 is 100) with the relative value of the inverse of the needed exposure of density that reaches ashing density+0.2.
Table 5
| Sample | Light sensitivity | Explanation |
| 201 | 135 | The present invention |
| 202 | 145 | The present invention |
| 203 | 165 | The present invention |
| 204 | 105 | Contrast |
| 205 | 100 | Contrast |
As can be seen, when the distance between the twin plane is 0.016 μ m or littler proportion of particles when surpassing 50%, increase photographic sensitivity very significantly.
Embodiment 21
Preparation emulsion 21-A
The preparation condition of emulsion 1-D among the following change embodiment 1 makes emulsion 21-A thus:
(i) potassium iodide of interpolation 0.3g in (first solution), and
(ii) suitably reduce Ag-1, X-1 in (adding 1) and the addition of G-1.
Preparation emulsion 21-B
The preparation condition of emulsion 1-D among the following change embodiment 1 makes emulsion 21-B thus:
(i) used gelatin-4 in (first solution) is become gelatin-5, and addition is become 2.5g from 1.1g, and
(ii) used gelatin-4 becomes gelatin-5 among the G-1 that will (add 1).
The eigenwert of gained emulsion grain sees the following form shown in 6.
These emulsions are carried out the similar chemical sensitization with emulsion 1-A.
Table 6
| Emulsion | 21-A | 1-D | 21-B |
| The COV of ECD (%) | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| ECD is that 3.5 μ m or bigger and thickness are the ratio (%) of 0.25 μ m or littler particle | 65 | 65 | 65 |
| Distance between the twin plane is the ratio (%) of 0.016 μ m or littler particle | 65 | 65 | 65 |
| The COV of thickness (%) | 47 | 38 | 28 |
| The COV of twin plane distance (%) | 49 | 36 | 26 |
| Explanation | The present invention | The present invention | The present invention |
The COV=variation factor
The ECD=equal circle diameter
Emulsion 21-A and 21-B carry out spectral sensitization by add sensitizing dye Exs-1 in the chemical sensitization step in the emulsion preparation process, make that these emulsions are respectively green silver halide emulsion, and its spectral sensitivity is maximum under the 550nm wavelength.
According to the same program among the embodiment 1,, form sample 2101-2103 by with emulsion 1-D, 21-A and 21-B coating carrier.In addition, assess photographic property according to the mode identical with embodiment 1.The result is as shown in table 7 below.Light sensitivity represents that with the relative value of the inverse of the needed exposure of density that reaches ashing density+0.2 wherein the light sensitivity of assumes samples 2101 is 100.
Table 7
| Sample | Light sensitivity | Explanation |
| 2101 | 100 | The present invention |
| 2102 | 130 | The present invention |
| 2103 | 140 | The present invention |
Can obviously find out from table 7, the distribution coefficient of thickness and the distribution coefficient of the distance between the twin plane all are set at 40% or lower, can significantly increase photographic sensitivity.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment is preparation, thick emulsion coating and the assessment that explanation has the sheet emulsion of dislocation line, wherein uses low-molecular-weight oxidized gelatin in the nucleation step.
Preparation emulsion 3-A
The preparation condition of following change emulsion 1-H prepares emulsion 3-A thus:
(i) make the pAg during (add 2) remain on 8.44, and
(ii) make the pAg during (add 3) remain on 8.44.
The average particle thickness of gained emulsion is 0.10 μ m.Even increase pAg, also do not observe the reduction of thickness.The eigenwert of emulsion grain is as shown in table 8 below.
This emulsion also is similar to emulsion 1-A and carries out chemical sensitization.
Preparation emulsion 3-B
The preparation condition of following change emulsion 1-H prepares emulsion 3-B thus:
(i) replace gelatin-4 in (first solution) with gelatin-5, and will measure and become 2.5g by 1.1g,
(ii) with the gelatin-4 among the G-1 of gelatin-5 replacement (adding 1); And
(iii) the maturation time that is increased to after 75 ℃ of temperature is set at 3 minutes.
The average particle thickness of gained emulsion is 0.09 μ m, so do not observe the reduction of thickness.The eigenwert of emulsion grain is as shown in table 8 below.
This emulsion also is similar to emulsion 1-A and carries out chemical sensitization.
Table 8
| Emulsion | 1-H | 3-A | 3-B | |
| ECD | Mean value *(μm) | 4.45 | 4.48 | 4.70 |
| COV(％) | 25 | 42 | 23 | |
| Thickness | Mean value *(μm) | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.09 |
| COV(％) | 31 | 32 | 35 | |
| Distance between the twin plane | Mean value *(μm) | 0.012 | 0.012 | 0.013 |
| COV(％) | 25 | 25 | 29 | |
| Explanation | The present invention | Contrast | The present invention | |
The COV=variation factor
The ECD=equal circle diameter
*In=all amounts of particles 50% or the mean value of more particles
Under liquid nitrogen temperature, observe each emulsion 3-A and 3-B with the 400kV transmission electron microscope.Consequently, appearance 10 or more dislocation lines in the marginal portion of any platy shaped particle.
It should be noted that emulsion 2-A and 3-B add 4 before immediately (add 2) in above-mentioned emulsion preparation process, 5-dihydroxy-1,3-disulfonic acid disodium monohydrate and thiourea dioxide and carry out reduction sensitization.
Should also be noted that emulsion 2-A and 3-B carry out spectral sensitization by add sensitizing dye Exs-1 in the chemical sensitization step in the emulsion preparation process.This makes that these emulsions are respectively green silver halide emulsion, and its spectral sensitivity is maximum under the 550nm wavelength.
According to the same program among the embodiment 1,, form sample 301-303 by with emulsion 1-H, 3-A and 3-B coating carrier.In addition, assess photographic property according to the mode identical with embodiment 1.The result is as shown in table 9 below.Light sensitivity is represented (light sensitivity of assumes samples 301 is 100) with the relative value of the inverse of the needed exposure of density that reaches ashing density+0.2.
Table 9
| Sample | Light sensitivity | Explanation |
| 301 | 100 | The present invention |
| 302 | 87 | Contrast |
| 303 | 109 | The present invention |
The pAg of interpolation 2 and interpolation 3 among the emulsion 1-H though raise, the thickness of particle does not still reduce, and emulsion becomes polydisperse (emulsion 3-A).Therefore, light sensitivity reduces.On the contrary, by using low-molecular-weight oxidized gelatin, grain thickness successfully reduces, and keeps monodispersity simultaneously, and this makes emulsion have ISO.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment explanation has the preparation of dislocation line and long limit/sheet emulsion that the minor face ratio is different, thick emulsion coating and assessment.
Long limit/minor face the ratio of emulsion 1-B among the measurement embodiment 1 and the platy shaped particle of 1-C is found to be respectively 1.8 and 1.2.
Preparation emulsion 4-A
Emulsion 1-D (add 2) and the change application in (interpolation 3) in the preparation condition of the emulsion 1-A of embodiment 1, are prepared emulsion 4-A thus.The long limit of platy shaped particle/minor face ratio is 1.2.The eigenwert of this emulsion is as shown in table 10.
Preparation emulsion 4-B
The preparation condition of following change emulsion 4-A prepares emulsion 4-B thus:
(i) pAg during (adding 2) is remained on 7.57, and
PAg during (ii) will (adding 3) remains on 7.57.
The long limit of gained platy shaped particle/minor face ratio is 1.4.
The eigenwert of this emulsion is as shown in table 10.
This emulsion also is similar to emulsion 1-A and carries out chemical sensitization.
Table 10
| Emulsion | 1-B | 1-C | 4-A | 4-B | |
| ECD | Mean value *(μm) | 3.43 | 2.73 | 3.41 | 3.61 |
| COV(％) | 44 | 22 | 22 | 25 | |
| Thickness | Mean value *(μm) | 0.17 | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.15 |
| COV(％) | 48 | 31 | 35 | 37 | |
| The ratio of long limit and minor face | 1.8 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.4 | |
| Explanation | Contrast | Contrast | The present invention | The present invention | |
The COV=variation factor
The ECD=equal circle diameter
*In=all amounts of particles 50% or the mean value of more particles
Under liquid nitrogen temperature, observe each emulsion 4-A and 4-B with 400 kV transmission electron microscopes.Consequently, appearance 10 or more dislocation lines in the marginal portion of any platy shaped particle.
It should be noted that emulsion 4-A and 4-B add 4 before immediately (add 2) in above-mentioned emulsion preparation process, 5-dihydroxy-1,3-disulfonic acid disodium monohydrate and thiourea dioxide and carry out reduction sensitization.
Should also be noted that emulsion 4-A and 4-B carry out spectral sensitization by add sensitizing dye Exs-1 in the chemical sensitization step in the emulsion preparation process.This makes that these emulsions are respectively green silver halide emulsion, and its spectral sensitivity is maximum under the 550nm wavelength.
According to the same program among the embodiment 1,, form sample 401-404 by with emulsion 1-B, 1-C, 4-A and 4-B coating carrier.In addition, assess photographic property according to the mode identical with embodiment 1.The result is as shown in table 11 below.Obviously as can be seen, grow limit/minor face than approach 1 and the particle of embodiment according to the invention have ISO.
Table 11
| Sample | Light sensitivity | Explanation |
| 401 | 100 | Contrast |
| 402 | 87 | Contrast |
| 403 | 118 | The present invention |
| 404 | 116 | The present invention |
Embodiment 5
Be equipped with silver emulsion H-5a, H-5b to H-5h in order to the below legal system.
The manufacture method of emulsion H-5a
When the emulsion 1-A of preparation embodiment 1, before carrying out chemical sensitization, increase to add the step of TAZ-1, and will initially be added on the combination that sensitizing dye in the chemical sensitization becomes Exs-1, Exs-4 and Exs-5.Basically prepare emulsion H-5a in the same manner with emulsion 1-A, but above difference is arranged.The use amount of sensitizing dye Exs-1, Exs-4 and Exs-5 is respectively 5.50 * 10 in every mol silver halide
-4, 1.30 * 10
-4With 4.65 * 10
-5Mol.
The manufacture method of emulsion H-5b to H-5h
When the emulsion 1-B to 1-H of preparation embodiment 1, before carrying out chemical sensitization, increase to add the step of TAZ-1, and will initially be added on the combination that sensitizing dye in the chemical sensitization becomes Exs-1, Exs-4 and Exs-5.Basically prepare emulsion H-5b to H-5h in the same manner with emulsion 1-B to 1-H respectively, but above difference is arranged.The use amount of sensitizing dye is identical with emulsion H-5a.
The manufacture method of emulsion D
Comprise the low molecular weight gelatine of 31.7g O-phthalic acidifying and the aqueous solution 42.2L of 31.7g potassium bromide 35 ℃ of following vigorous stirring, wherein the ratio of O-phthalic acidifying is 97%.Add in 1 minute time by two gunitees and to comprise the aqueous solution 1583ml of 316.7g silver nitrate and to comprise the 221.5g potassium bromide and the aqueous solution 1583ml of the gelatin-4 of 52.7g embodiment 1.Add the 52.8g potassium bromide after the interpolation immediately, in 2 minutes time, add the aqueous solution 2581ml that comprises the aqueous solution 2485ml of 398.2g silver nitrate and comprise the 291.1g potassium bromide with two gunitees then.Add the 44.8g potassium bromide after the interpolation immediately.Afterwards, temperature is increased to 40 ℃, with ripe material.After the maturation, add the gelatin-2 of 923g amber acidifying and the potassium bromide of 79.2g, add aqueous solution 15974ml and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 5103g silver nitrate with two gunitees in 10 minutes time then, accelerate flow velocity simultaneously, making final flow rate is 1.4 times of initial flow rate.During adding, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remains on 9.90.
After washing with water, add the gelatin-1 of embodiment 1, and pH and pAg are adjusted to 5.7 and 8.8 respectively, then silver amount in every kg emulsion and gelatin amount are adjusted to 131.8g and 64.1g respectively, prepare crystal seed emulsion thus.
Comprise the gelatin-2 of 46g embodiment 1 and the aqueous solution 1211ml of 1.7g potassium bromide 75 ℃ of following vigorous stirring.After adding the crystal seed emulsion of 9.9g, add the modified silicon oil (L7602 is made by Nippon Uniker K.K.) of 0.3g.Adding sulfuric acid, is 5.5 with pH regulator, adds aqueous solution and the kbr aqueous solution that 67.6ml comprises the 7.0g silver nitrate with two gunitees in 6 minutes time then, accelerates flow velocity simultaneously, and making final flow rate is 5.1 times of initial flow rate.During adding, the pAg of raw emulsion remains on 8.15 in the reaction vessel.Add sodium benzenethiosulfonate and the 2mg thiourea dioxide of 2mg, add aqueous solution and the kbr aqueous solution that 328ml comprises the 105.6g silver nitrate with two gunitees in 56 minutes time then, accelerate flow velocity simultaneously, making final flow rate is 3.7 times of initial flow rate.During adding, add the silver iodide fine particle emulsion that particle diameter is 0.037 μ m simultaneously with the flow velocity of accelerating, make that agi content is 27mol%.Simultaneously, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remains on 8.60.In 22 minutes time, add aqueous solution and the kbr aqueous solution that 121.3ml comprises the 45.6g silver nitrate with two gunitees.During adding, the pAg of raw emulsion remains on 7.60 in the reaction solution.Temperature is increased to 82 ℃, adds potassium bromide, and the pAg of raw emulsion in the solution container is adjusted to 8.80, adds above-mentioned potassium iodide fine particle emulsion according to the weight of potassium iodide with the amount of 6.33g.
In 16 minutes time, add the aqueous solution 206.2ml that comprises the 66.4g silver nitrate after the interpolation immediately.When 5 minutes of adding, the pAg of raw emulsion remains on 8.80 in the reaction vessel.After washing with water, add the gelatin-1 of embodiment 1, and under 40 ℃, pH and pAg are adjusted to 5.8 and 8.7 respectively.After adding TAZ-1, temperature is increased to 60 ℃.After adding sensitizing dye ExS-2 and ExS-3, add potassium thiocyanate, gold chloride, sodium thiosulfate and N, N-dimethyl selenourea is to carry out chemical sensitization best.When chemical sensitization finishes, add compound 3 and 4 as follows." best chemical sensitization " is meant that the addition of each sensitizing dye and compound is 10 for every mol silver halide
-1To 10
-8Mol.
The manufacture method of emulsion E
Comprise the gelatin-4 of 0.96g embodiment 1 and the aqueous solution 1192ml of 0.9g potassium bromide 40 ℃ of following vigorous stirring.In 30 seconds time, add the aqueous solution 37.5ml that comprises the aqueous solution 37.5ml of 1.49 silver nitrates and comprise the 1.05g potassium bromide by two gunitees.After adding the 1.2g potassium bromide, temperature is increased to 75 ℃, with ripe material.After the maturation, add the gelatin-3 of 35g embodiment 1, and with pH regulator to 7.Add the thiourea dioxide of 6mg.Add aqueous solution 116ml and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 29g silver nitrate with two gunitees, accelerate flow velocity simultaneously, making final flow rate is 3 times of initial flow rate.During adding, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remains on 8.15.Added aqueous solution 440.6ml and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 110.2g silver nitrate with two gunitees in 30 minutes, accelerate flow velocity simultaneously, making final flow rate is 5.1 times of initial flow rate.During adding, silver iodide fine particle emulsion used among the preparation emulsion D adds with the speed of accelerating simultaneously, makes that agi content is 15.8mol%.Simultaneously, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remains on 7.85.
In 3 minutes time, add aqueous solution 96.5ml and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 24.1g silver nitrate with two gunitees.During adding, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remains on 7.85.After adding the ethylenebis dithiocarbamate sodium sulfonate of 26mg, temperature is increased to 55 ℃, adds kbr aqueous solution, and the pAg of raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is adjusted to 9.80.According to the weight of potassium iodide, add above-mentioned silver iodide fine particle emulsion with the amount of 8.5g.In 5 minutes time, add the aqueous solution 228ml that comprises the 57g silver nitrate after the interpolation immediately.During adding, use kbr aqueous solution that the pAg of raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is adjusted to 8.75 when adding end.Wash gained emulsion with water, carry out chemical sensitization according to the mode identical then with emulsion D.
The manufacture method of emulsion F
Comprise the gelatin-2 of 1.02g embodiment 1 and the aqueous solution 1192ml of 0.9g potassium bromide 35 ℃ of following vigorous stirring.In 9 seconds time, add the aqueous solution 42ml that comprises the aqueous solution 42ml of 4.47 silver nitrates and comprise the 3.16g potassium bromide by two gunitees.After adding the 2.6g potassium bromide, temperature is increased to 63 ℃, with ripe material.After the maturation, add gelatin-3 and the l8.5g sodium chloride of 42.1g embodiment 1.Behind pH regulator to 7.2, add the dimethyamine borane of 8mg.Add aqueous solution 203ml and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 26g silver nitrate with two gunitees, accelerate flow velocity simultaneously, making final flow rate is 3.8 times of initial flow rate.During adding, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remains on 8.65.Added aqueous solution 440.6ml and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 110.2g silver nitrate with two gunitees in 24 minutes, accelerate flow velocity simultaneously, making final flow rate is 5.1 times of initial flow rate.During adding, silver iodide fine particle emulsion used among the preparation emulsion D adds with the speed of accelerating simultaneously, makes that agi content is 2.3mol%.Simultaneously, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remains on 8.50.
After adding the 1N thiocyanic acid aqueous solutions of potassium of 10.7ml, in 2 minutes 30 seconds time, add aqueous solution 153.5ml and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 24.1g silver nitrate with two gunitees.During adding, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remains on 8.05.Add kbr aqueous solution, the pAg of raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is adjusted to 9.25.According to the weight of potassium iodide, add above-mentioned silver iodide fine particle emulsion with the amount of 6.4g.In 45 minutes time, add the aqueous solution 404ml that comprises the 57g silver nitrate after the interpolation immediately.During adding, using kbr aqueous solution is 8.65 with the pAg of raw emulsion in the reaction vessel adding when finishing.Wash gained emulsion with water, carry out chemical sensitization according to the mode identical then with emulsion D.
The manufacture method of emulsion G
In preparation emulsion F, the silver nitrate addition between the nucleation period is increased by 2.3 times.When final interpolation 404ml comprises the aqueous solution of 57g silver nitrate, use kbr aqueous solution that the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is adjusted to 6.85.Except that above-mentioned difference, prepare this emulsion according to the method identical basically with emulsion F.
The manufacture method of emulsion H-a
Basically according to preparing emulsion H-a with the similar mode of emulsion G, but the temperature during nucleation becomes 35 ℃.
The manufacture method of emulsion I-a
To comprise the gelatin-4 of 0.75g embodiment 1 and the aqueous solution 1200ml of 0.9g potassium bromide and remain under 39 ℃, be 1.8 o'clock vigorous stirring at pH then.In 16 seconds time, add the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the aqueous solution of 1.85g silver nitrate and comprise the 1.5mol% potassium iodide by two gunitees.During adding, keep excessive potassium bromide concentration consistently.Temperature is increased to 54 ℃, with ripe material.After the maturation, add the gelatin-2 of 20g embodiment 1.Behind pH regulator to 5.9, add the potassium bromide of 2.9mg.In 53 minutes time, add aqueous solution 288ml and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 27.4g silver nitrate with two gunitees.During adding, adding particle diameter simultaneously is the silver iodide fine particle emulsion of 0.03 μ m, and making agi content is 4.1mol%.Simultaneously, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remains on 9.40.After adding the 2.5g potassium bromide, added aqueous solution and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 87.7g silver nitrate with two gunitees in 63 minutes, accelerate flow velocity simultaneously, making final flow rate is 1.2 times of initial flow rate.During adding, above-mentioned silver iodide fine particle emulsion adds simultaneously, makes that agi content is 10.5mol%.Simultaneously, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remains on 9.50.In 25 minutes time, add aqueous solution 132ml and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 41.8g silver nitrate with two gunitees.Regulate the interpolation of potassium bromide, make that the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is 8.15 adding when finishing.Regulating pH is 7.3, adds the 1mg thiourea dioxide then.
Add potassium bromide, the pAg of raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is adjusted to 9.50, according to the weight of potassium iodide, add above-mentioned silver iodide fine particle emulsion then with the amount of 8.78g.In 10 minutes time, add the aqueous solution 609ml that comprises the 63.3g silver nitrate after the interpolation immediately.When 6 minutes of adding, use kbr aqueous solution that the pAg of raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is remained on 9.50.Wash gained emulsion with water, add the gelatin-1 of embodiment 1, respectively pH and pAg are adjusted to 6.5 and 8.2 then.Gained emulsion carries out chemical sensitization according to the mode identical with emulsion H-a basically.What note is that the use amount of sensitizing dye ExS-1, ExS-4 and ExS-5 is respectively 1.08 * 10 for every mol silver halide
-3Mol, 2.56 * 10
-4Mol and 9.16 * 10
-5Mol.
The manufacture method of emulsion I-b
Basically according to preparing emulsion I-b with the similar mode of emulsion I-a, difference is, the amount that comprises the silver iodide fine particle emulsion that adds immediately before the final solution 609ml of silver nitrate in interpolation is 5.73g according to the KI weight change, and the quantitative change that is included in the silver nitrate in the 609ml final solution is 66.4g.
The manufacture method of emulsion J
The aqueous solution 1200ml that will comprise gelatin-4,0.9g potassium bromide, 0.175g potassium iodide and the 0.2g used modified silicon oil in preparation emulsion D of 0.70g embodiment 1 remains under 33 ℃, is 1.8 o'clock vigorous stirring at pH then.In 9 seconds time, add the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the aqueous solution of 1.8g silver nitrate and comprise the 3.2mol% potassium iodide by two gunitees.During adding, keep excessive potassium bromide concentration consistently.Temperature is increased to 62 ℃, with ripe material.After the maturation, add the gelatin-3 of 27.8g embodiment 1.Behind pH regulator to 6.3, add the potassium bromide of 2.9mg.In 37 minutes time, add aqueous solution 270ml and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 27.58g silver nitrate with two gunitees.During adding, adding particle diameter simultaneously is the silver iodide fine particle emulsion of 0.008 μ m, and making agi content is 4.1mol%.In another chamber with magnetic coupling induction stirrer described in JP-A-10-43570, the aqueous solution of the gelatin of mix embodiment 1-4, silver nitrate aqueous solution and potassium iodide aqueous solution only prepare described silver iodide fine particle emulsion thus before interpolation.Simultaneously, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remains on 9.15.After adding the 2.6g potassium bromide, added aqueous solution and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 87.7g silver nitrate with two gunitees in 49 minutes, accelerate flow velocity simultaneously, making final flow rate is 3.1 times of initial flow rate.During adding, above-mentioned silver iodide fine particle emulsion adds simultaneously with the flow velocity of accelerating, and makes that agi content is 7.9mol%.Simultaneously, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remains on 9.30.After adding the thiourea dioxide of 1mg, in 20 minutes time, add aqueous solution 132ml and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 41.8g silver nitrate with two gunitees.Regulate the interpolation of potassium bromide, make that the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is 7.90 adding when finishing.Temperature is increased to 78 ℃, and after regulating pH and being 9.1, adds potassium bromide, and the pAg of raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is adjusted to 8.70.According to the weight of potassium iodide, used silver iodide fine particle emulsion when being added on preparation emulsion D with the amount of 5.73g.In 4 minutes time, add the aqueous solution 321ml that comprises the 66.4g silver nitrate after the interpolation immediately.When 2 minutes of adding, the pAg of raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is remained on 8.70.Wash gained emulsion with water, carry out chemical sensitization according to the mode identical basically then with emulsion H-a.What note is that the use amount of sensitizing dye ExS-1, ExS-4 and ExS-5 is respectively 1.25 * 10 for every mol silver halide
-3Mol, 2.85 * 10
-4Mol and 3.29 * 10
-5Mol.
The manufacture method of emulsion K
The aqueous solution that will comprise gelatin-1,6.2g potassium bromide and the 0.46g potassium iodide of 17.8g embodiment 1 45 ℃ of following vigorous stirring.In 45 seconds time, add the aqueous solution that comprises the aqueous solution of 11.85g silver nitrate and comprise the 3.8g potassium bromide by two gunitees.Temperature is increased to 63 ℃, adds the gelatin-1 of 24.1g embodiment 1 then, with ripe material.After maturation, in 20 minutes time, add aqueous solution and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 133.4g silver nitrate with two gunitees, make that final flow rate is 2.6 times of initial flow rate.During adding, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is remained on 7.60.During after beginning to add 10 minutes, also add the K of 0.1mg
2IrCl
6After adding 7g sodium chloride, in 12 minutes, add aqueous solution and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 45.6g silver nitrate with two gunitees.During adding, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remains on 6.90.From adding in 6 minutes after beginning, add the aqueous solution that 100ml comprises the 29mg potassium ferrocyanide.After adding the 14.4g potassium bromide, according to the weight of potassium iodide, used silver iodide fine particle emulsion when being added on preparation emulsion D with the amount of 6.3g.In 11 minutes time, add aqueous solution and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 42.7g silver nitrate immediately after the interpolation by two gunitees.During adding, the pAg of raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is remained on 6.90.Gained emulsion washes with water, carries out chemical sensitization according to the mode identical with emulsion H-a basically then.What note is that the use amount of sensitizing dye ExS-1, ExS-4 and ExS-5 is respectively 5.79 * 10 for every mol silver halide
-4Mol, 1.32 * 10
-4Mol and 1.52 * 10
-5Mol.
The manufacture method of emulsion L
Basically prepare emulsion L according to the method identical, but nucleation temperature becomes 35 ℃ with emulsion K.What note is that the use amount of sensitizing dye ExS-1, ExS-4 and ExS-5 is respectively 9.66 * 10 for every mol silver halide
-4Mol, 2.20 * 10
-4Mol and 2.54 * 10
-5Mol.
The manufacture method of emulsion M
To comprise the gelatin-4 of 0.75g embodiment 1 and the aqueous solution 1200ml of 0.9g potassium bromide and remain under 39 ℃, be 1.8 o'clock vigorous stirring at pH then.In 16 seconds time, add the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the aqueous solution of 0.34 g silver nitrate and comprise the 1.5mol% potassium iodide by two gunitees.During adding, keep excessive potassium bromide concentration consistently.Temperature is increased to 54 ℃, with ripe material.After the maturation, add the gelatin-2 of 20g embodiment 1.Behind pH regulator to 5.9, add the potassium bromide of 2.9mg.After adding the thiourea dioxide of 3mg, in 58 minutes time, add aqueous solution 288ml and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 28.8g silver nitrate with two gunitees.During adding, adding particle diameter simultaneously is the silver iodide fine particle emulsion of 0.03 μ m, and making agi content is 4.1mol%.Simultaneously, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remains on 9.40.After adding the 2.5g potassium bromide, added aqueous solution and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 87.7g silver nitrate with two gunitees in 69 minutes, accelerate flow velocity simultaneously, making final flow rate is 1.2 times of initial flow rate.During adding, above-mentioned silver iodide fine particle emulsion adds simultaneously with the flow velocity of accelerating, and makes that agi content is 10.5mol%.Simultaneously, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remains on 9.50.
In 27 minutes time, add aqueous solution 132ml and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 41.8g silver nitrate with two gunitees.Regulate the interpolation of potassium bromide, make that the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is 8.15 adding when finishing.After adding the sodium benzenethiosulfonate of 2mg, add potassium bromide, the pAg of raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is adjusted to 9.50, then according to the weight of potassium iodide, used silver iodide fine particle emulsion when being added on preparation emulsion D with the amount of 5.73g.In 11 minutes time, add the aqueous solution 609ml that comprises the 66.4g silver nitrate after the interpolation immediately.When 6 minutes of adding, make with kbr aqueous solution that the pAg of raw emulsion remains on 9.50 in the reaction vessel.After washing with water, add gelatin, under 40 ℃, pH and pAg are adjusted to 6.5 and 8.2 respectively then.Add TAZ-1 then, and temperature is increased to 56 ℃.Add sensitizing dye ExS-1 and ExS-6.Afterwards, add potassium thiocyanate, gold chloride, sodium thiosulfate and N, N-dimethyl selenourea is so that emulsion is ripe and carry out best chemical sensitization.When chemical sensitization finishes, add MER-1 and MER-3.What note is that the use amount of sensitizing dye ExS-1 and ExS-6 is respectively 3.69 * 10 for every mol silver halide
-4Mol and 8.19 * 10
-4Mol.
The manufacture method of emulsion N
To comprise the gelatin-2 of 0.38g embodiment 1 and the aqueous solution 1200ml of 0.9g potassium bromide and remain under 60 ℃, be 2 o'clock vigorous stirring at pH then.Add in 30 seconds time by two gunitees and to comprise the aqueous solution of 1.03g silver nitrate and to comprise the 0.88g potassium bromide and the aqueous solution of 0.09g potassium iodide.After the maturation, add the gelatin-3 of 12.8g embodiment 1.Behind pH regulator to 5.9, add the potassium bromide of 2.99mg and the sodium chloride of 6.2g.In 39 minutes, in 39 minutes time, add aqueous solution 60.7ml and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 27.3g silver nitrate with two gunitees.During adding, make the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remain on 9.05.Added aqueous solution and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 65.6g silver nitrate with two gunitees in 46 minutes, accelerate flow velocity simultaneously, making final flow rate is 2.1 times of initial flow rate.During adding, used silver iodide fine particle emulsion adds simultaneously with the flow velocity of accelerating in preparation emulsion D, makes that agi content is 6.5mol%.Simultaneously, the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel remains on 9.05.
After adding the thiourea dioxide of 1.5mg, in 16 minutes time, add aqueous solution 132ml and the kbr aqueous solution that comprises the 41.8g silver nitrate with two gunitees.Regulate the interpolation of potassium bromide, make that the pAg of the raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is 7.70 adding when finishing.After adding the sodium benzenethiosulfonate of 2mg, add potassium bromide, the pAg of raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is adjusted to 9.80.According to the weight of potassium iodide, add above-mentioned silver iodide fine particle emulsion with the amount of 6.2g.In 10 minutes time, add the aqueous solution 300ml that comprises the 88.5g silver nitrate after the interpolation immediately.Add kbr aqueous solution, making the pAg of raw emulsion in the reaction vessel is 7.40 adding when finishing.After washing with water, add the gelatin-1 among the embodiment 1, pH and pAg are adjusted to 6.5 and 8.2 respectively.Add TAZ-1 then, and temperature is increased to 58 ℃.Add sensitizing dye ExS-7, ExS-8 and ExS-9.Afterwards, add K
2IrCl
6, potassium thiocyanate, gold chloride, sodium thiosulfate and N, N-dimethyl selenourea is so that emulsion is ripe and carry out best chemical sensitization.When chemical sensitization finishes, add MER-1 and MER-3.
The manufacture method of emulsion O
When preparation emulsion N, the amount of the silver nitrate that adds between the nucleation period, potassium bromide and potassium iodide becomes 1.96g, 1.67g and 0.172g respectively.Also the temperature with chemical sensitization becomes 61 ℃ by 58 ℃.Except that above-mentioned difference, prepare emulsion O according to the method identical basically with emulsion N.
The manufacture method of emulsion P
The aqueous solution 1200ml that will comprise the gelatin-4 of 4.9g embodiment 1 and 5.3g potassium bromide is 40 ℃ of following vigorous stirring.In 1 minute time, add the aqueous solution 36ml that comprises the aqueous solution 27ml of 8.75g silver nitrate and comprise the 6.45g potassium bromide by two gunitees.Temperature is increased to 75 ℃, adds the aqueous solution that 21ml comprises the 6.9g silver nitrate then in 2 minutes.After order is added the 1N NaOH of 26g ammonium nitrate and 56ml, make the material maturation.After the maturation, with pH regulator to 4.8.Add aqueous solution 438ml that comprises the 141g silver nitrate and the aqueous solution 458ml that comprises the 102.6g potassium bromide with two gunitees, accelerate flow velocity simultaneously, making final flow rate is 4 times of initial flow rate.Temperature is reduced to 55 ℃, adds aqueous solution 240ml that comprises the 7.1g silver nitrate and the aqueous solution that comprises the 6.46g potassium iodide by two gunitees in 5 minutes time.After adding the 7.1g potassium bromide, add the sodium benzenethiosulfonate of 4mg and the K of 0.05mg
2IrCl
6In 8 minutes, add aqueous solution 177ml that comprises the 57.2g silver nitrate and the aqueous solution 223ml that comprises the 40.2g potassium bromide by two gunitees.After gained emulsion washes with water, carry out chemical sensitization according to the mode identical basically then with emulsion N.
The manufacture method of emulsion Q and R
Basically prepare emulsion Q and R according to the method identical with L respectively, but carry out chemical sensitization according to the mode identical basically with emulsion O with emulsion K.
The eigenwert of above-mentioned silver emulsion is summarised in the following table 12.Content of iodine is following detects with XPS on the surface.Promptly, with sample 1.33 * 10
-6Be cooled to-115 ℃ in Pa or the lower vacuum, be used as the MgK α irradiation of detecting x-ray then, wherein the voltage of x-ray source is 8kV, and the X ray electric current is 20mA, measures Ag3d5/2, Br3d and I3d5/2 electronics thus.With the integrated intensity at light sensitivity peak that factor correction is surveyed, then by these light sensitivity than gauging surface content of iodine.What note is, has observed dislocation line described in JP-A-3-237450 with high-voltage electron microscope in the silver halide particle of emulsion G, H-a, I-a, I-b and J-R.
| Emulsion | ECD *1 (μm) COV *2 (％) | Thickness (μ m) COV (%) | Depth-width ratio COV (%) | Sheet | Twin plane distance (μ m) COV (%) | (111) the ratio * 3 of platy shaped particle | (100) face ratio *4 | AgI content (mol %) COV (%) | AgCl content (mol %) | Surfaces A gI content (mol %) |
| D | 1.98 23 | 0.198 28 | 10 35 | 51 | 0.014 32 | 92 | 23 | 15 17 | 0 | 4.3 |
| E | 1.30 25 | 0.108 27 | 12 38 | 111 | 0.013 30 | 93 | 22 | 11 16 | 0 | 3.6 |
| F | 1.00 27 | 0.083 26 | 12 37 | 145 | 0.012 30 | 93 | 18 | 4 8 | 1 | 1.8 |
| G | 0.75 31 | 0.075 18 | 10 29 | 133 | 0.010 27 | 91 | 33 | 4 8 | 2 | 1.9 |
| H- a | 2.01 18 | 0.161 18 | 12.5 25 | 78 | 0.011 | 99 | 23 | 3.9 5 | 0 | 6.1 |
| I-a | 1.54 26 | 0.077 18 | 20 33 | 260 | 0.013 26 | 99 | 23 | 8.4 8 | 0 | 6.2 |
| I-b | 1.54 26 | 0.077 18 | 20 33 | 260 | 0.013 26 | 99 | 23 | 7 7 | 0 | 2.5 |
| J | 1.08 18 | 0.072 15 | 15 19 | 208 | 0.008 22 | 97 | 23 | 6 5 | 0 | 2.0 |
| K | 0.44 16 | 0.220 13 | 2 9 | 9 | 0.013 18 | 90 | 38 | 3 6 | 2 | 1.0 |
| L | 0.33 17 | 0.165 13 | 2 12 | 12 | 0.013 18 | 88 | 42 | 3 6 | 2 | 1.0 |
| M | 2.25 31 | 0.107 19 | 21 34 | 197 | 0.013 33 | 99 | 20 | 7.2 7 | 0 | 2.4 |
| N | 2.38 20 | 0.138 20 | 17 23 | 125 | 0.013 19 | 98 | 23 | 5 6 | 1 | 1.6 |
| O | 1.83 17 | 0.122 20 | 15 22 | 123 | 0.012 19 | 98 | 23 | 5 6 | 1 | 1.8 |
| P | 0.84 17 | 0.120 18 | 7 19 | 58 | 0.013 16 | 99 | 25 | 3 7 | 0 | 2.7 |
| Q | 0.44 17 | 0.220 13 | 2 12 | 9 | 0.013 18 | 88 | 42 | 2 6 | 2 | 1.0 |
| R | 0.33 17 | 0.165 13 | 2 12 | 12 | 0.013 18 | 88 | 46 | 1 6 | 2 | 0.5 |
*1) ECD=equal circle diameter
*2) COV=variation factor
*3) ratio (%) that has the total projection area of the platy shaped particle of (111) interarea and all particles.
*4) ratio (%) of (100) face and total side surface
1, carrier
The carrier that following formation is used in the present embodiment.
Dry 100 weight portions poly-2, P.326 6-(ethylene naphthalate) polymkeric substance and 2 weight portions (are made by Ciba-Geigy Co.) as the Tinuvin of ultraviolet absorber, 300 ℃ of following fusions, then by extruding in the T-die head.The gained material is 3.3 times of 140 ℃ of following longitudinal stretchings, 3.3 times of 130 ℃ of following cross directional stretchs, 250 ℃ of following heat fixations 6 seconds, makes thick PEN (PEN) film of 90 μ m thus then.Note, in this PEN film, add indigo plant, magenta and the weld (I-1, the I-4, I-6, I-24, I-26, I-27 and the II-5 that in Journal of Technical Disclosure No.94-6023, describe) of appropriate amount.This PEN film is wrapped on the stainless steel core that diameter is 20cm, heat-treated under 110 ℃ 48 hours then, the carrier that manufactures has the anti-crimpiness of height.
2, the coating of undercoat
Two surfaces of above-mentioned carrier are carried out halation discharge, UV discharge and glow discharge and are handled.Afterwards, each surface of carrier applies (10ml/m with base coat solution
2, use the coating rod), this base coat solution is by 0.1g/m
2Gelatin, 0.01g/m
2Alpha-sulfo two-2-ethylhexyl sodium succinate, 0.04g/m
2Salicylic acid, 0.2g/m
2Parachlorophenol, 0.012g/m
2(CH
2=CHSO
2CH
2CH
2NHCO)
2CH
2, and 0.02g/m
2Polyamide-based-chloropropylene oxide polycondensation product form, when stretching, at high temperature on a side, form undercoat thus.Under 115 ℃, carry out dry 6 minutes (all rollers in the arid region and travelling belt all are 115 ℃).
3, the coating of backing layer
On a surface of the carrier of undercoat coating, applying antistatic layer, magnetic recording layer and sliding layer, they composed as follows as backing layer.
The coating of 3-1, antistatic layer
Surface 0.2g/m
2Mean grain size is the dispersion (secondary agglomeration particle diameter=0.08 μ m) and the 0.05g/m of the particulate powders (is 5 Ω cm than resistance) of tin oxide-antimony oxide compound substance of 0.005 μ m
2Gelatin, 0.02g/m
2(CH
2=CHSO
2CH
2CH
2N HCO)
2CH
2, 0.05g/m
2Polyoxyethylene nonylphenol (degree of polymerization is 10) and resorcinol are applied.
The coating of 3-2, magnetic recording layer
Use the excellent coated surfaces of coating, wherein use 0.06g/m
2(specific surface is 43m with the cobalt-gamma-iron oxide of poly-(degree of polymerization is 15) oxygen ethene-propoxyl group trimethoxy silane (the 15 weight %) coating of 3-
2/ g, main shaft 0.14 μ m, countershaft 0.03 μ m, saturation magnetization 89Am
2/ kg, Fe
2+/ Fe
3+=6/94, handle with aluminium oxide that contains 2 weight % iron oxide and monox on the surface) and 1.2g/m
2Diacetyl cellulose (iron oxide disperses with opening kneader and sand mill), and use 0.3g/m
2C
2H
5C (CH
2OCONH-C
6H
3(CH
3) NCO)
3As rigidizer, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone form the thick magnetic recording layer of 1.2 μ m thus as solvent.Add 10mg/m
2Silica dioxide granule (0.3 μ m) as matting agent, add 10mg/m then
2Gather the aluminium oxide (0.15 μ m) of (degree of polymerization is 15) polyoxyethylene-propoxyl group trimethoxy silane (15 weight %) coating as brilliant polish with 3-.Under 115 ℃, carry out dry 6 minutes (all rollers in the arid region and travelling belt all are 115 ℃).The colour density increase DB that measures magnetic recording layer with X-ray (blue filter) is about 0.1.The saturation magnetic moment of magnetic recording layer, coercive force and verticality are respectively 4.2Am
2/ kg, 7.3 * 10
4A/m and 65%.
The coating of 3-3, sliding layer
Diacetyl cellulose (25mg/m is used on the surface then
2) and C
6H
13CH (OH) C
10H
20COOC
40H
81(compound a, 6mg/m
2)/C
50H
101O (CH
2CH
2O)
16H (compound b, 9mg/m
2) potpourri coating.What note is, this potpourri is in fusion in dimethylbenzene/propylene monomethyl ether (1/1) under 105 ℃, at room temperature topples over then and is dispersed in the propylene monomethyl ether (10 times amounts).Afterwards, the gained potpourri is configured as dispersion (mean grain size is 0.01 μ m) in acetone before interpolation.Add 15mg/
2Silica dioxide granule (0.3 μ m) as matting agent, add 15mg/ then
2Gather the aluminium oxide (0.15 μ m) of (degree of polymerization is 15) oxygen ethene-propoxyl group trimethoxy silane (15 weight %) coating as brilliant polish with 3-.Under 115 ℃, carry out dry 6 minutes (all rollers in the arid region and travelling belt all are 115 ℃).The gained sliding layer has excellent characteristic, and kinetic friction coefficient is 0.06 (the stainless steel hard sphere of 5mm diameter, load 100g, speed 6cm/min), and coefficient of static friction is 0.07 (clip method).Kinetic friction coefficient between emulsion surface (as described below) and the sliding layer is also very excellent, is 0.12.
4, the coating of photographic layer
On away from the carrier surface on aforesaid backing layer one side, apply a plurality of layers, form sample, make sample 501 thus as the colour negative photosensitive material with following composition.
The composition of photographic layer
The used following classification of principal ingredient in each layer, but its use is not limited to following particular compound.
| ExC: cyan colour coupler | UV: ultraviolet absorber |
| ExM: magenta colour coupler | HBS: high boiling organic solvent |
| ExY: yellow colour coupler | H: gelatin hardener |
(in the following description, particular compound all has the numeral of following behind its symbol.The structural formula of these compounds as shown below).The numeral unit of each component is g/m
2Coating amount.The coating amount of silver halide shows with the scale of silver.
Ground floor (the first anti-halation layer)
| The black collargol | Silver 0.155 |
| Iodine silver bromide emulsion T | Silver 0.01 |
| Gelatin | 0.87 |
| ExC-1 | 0.002 |
| ExC-3 | 0.002 |
| Cpd-2 | 0.001 |
| HBS-1 | 0.004 |
| HBS-2 | 0.002 |
The second layer (the second anti-halation layer)
| The black collargol | Silver 0.066 |
| Gelatin | 0.407 |
| ExM-1 | 0.050 |
| ExF-1 | 2.0×10 -3 |
| HBS-1 | 0.074 |
| Solid disperse dye ExF-2 | 0.015 |
| Solid disperse dye ExF-3 | 0.020 |
The 3rd layer (middle layer)
| Iodine silver bromide emulsion S | 0.020 |
| ExC-2 | 0.022 |
| Polyethyl acrylate latex | 0.085 |
| Gelatin | 0.294 |
The 4th layer (low speed magenta-sensitive emulsion layer)
| Iodine silver bromide emulsion R | Silver 0.065 |
| Iodine silver bromide emulsion Q | Silver 0.258 |
| ExC-1 | 0.109 |
| ExC-3 | 0.044 |
| ExC-4 | 0.072 |
| ExC-5 | 0.011 |
| ExC-6 | 0.003 |
| Cpd-2 | 0.025 |
| Cpd-4 | 0.025 |
| HBS-1 | 0.17 |
| Gelatin | 0.80 |
Layer 5 (middling speed magenta-sensitive emulsion layer)
| Iodine silver bromide emulsion P | Silver 0.21 |
| Iodine silver bromide emulsion O | Silver 0.62 |
| ExC-1 | 0.14 |
| ExC-2 | 0.026 |
| ExC-3 | 0.020 |
| ExC-4 | 0.12 |
| ExC-5 | 0.016 |
| ExC-6 | 0.007 |
| Cpd-2 | 0.036 |
| Cpd-4 | 0.028 |
| HBS-1 | 0.16 |
| Gelatin | 1.18 |
Layer 6 (high speed magenta-sensitive emulsion layer)
| Iodine chlorine silver bromide emulsion N | Silver 1.47 |
| ExC-1 | 0.18 |
| ExC-3 | 0.007 |
| ExC-6 | 0.029 |
| ExC-7 | 0.010 |
| ExY-5 | 0.008 |
| Cpd-2 | 0.046 |
| Cpd-4 | 0.077 |
| HBS-1 | 0.25 |
| HBS-2 | 0.1 2 |
| Gelatin | 2.12 |
Layer 7 (middle layer)
| Cpd-1 | 0.089 |
| Solid disperse dye ExF-4 | 0.030 |
| HBS-1 | 0.050 |
| Polyethyl acrylate latex | 0.83 |
| Gelatin | 0.84 |
The 8th layer (layer of intermediate imagery effect is provided to the sense red beds)
| Iodine silver bromide emulsion M | Silver 0.560 |
| Cpd-4 | 0.030 |
| ExM-2 | 0.096 |
| ExM-3 | 0.028 |
| ExY-1 | 0.031 |
| ExG-1 | 0.006 |
| HBS-1 | 0.085 |
| HBS-3 | 0.003 |
| Gelatin | 0.58 |
The 9th layer (low speed green-sensitive emulsion layer)
| Iodine silver bromide emulsion L | Silver 0.39 |
| Iodine chlorine silver bromide emulsion K | Silver 0.28 |
| Iodine silver bromide emulsion J | Silver 0.35 |
| ExM-2 | 0.36 |
| ExM-3 | 0.045 |
| ExG-1 | 0.005 |
| Cpd-3 | 0.010 |
| HBS-1 | 0.28 |
| HBS-3 | 0.01 |
| HBS-4 | 0.27 |
| Gelatin | 1.39 |
The tenth layer (middling speed green-sensitive emulsion layer)
| Iodine silver bromide emulsion I-a | Silver 0.45 |
| ExC-6 | 0.009 |
| ExM-2 | 0.031 |
| ExM-3 | 0.029 |
| ExY-1 | 0.006 |
| ExM-4 | 0.028 |
| ExG-1 | 0.005 |
| HBS-1 | 0.064 |
| HBS-3 | 2.1×10 -3 |
| Gelatin | 0.44 |
Eleventh floor (high speed green-sensitive emulsion layer)
| Iodine silver bromide emulsion I-a | Silver 0.30 |
| Iodine silver bromide emulsion H-a | Silver 0.69 |
| ExC-6 | 0.004 |
| ExM-1 | 0.016 |
| ExM-3 | 0.036 |
| ExM-4 | 0.020 |
| ExM-5 | 0.004 |
| ExY-5 | 0.003 |
| ExM-2 | 0.013 |
| ExG-1 | 0.005 |
| Cpd-4 | 0.007 |
| HBS-1 | 0.18 |
| Polyethyl acrylate latex | 0.099 |
| Gelatin | 1.11 |
Floor 12 (Yellow filter layer)
| Yellow colloidal silver | Silver 0.01 |
| Cpd-1 | 0.16 |
| Solid disperse dye ExF-6 | 0.153 |
| Oil-soluble dyes ExF-5 | 0.010 |
| HBS-1 | 0.082 |
| Gelatin | 1.057 |
The 13 layer (low speed blue-sensitive emulsion layer)
| Iodine silver bromide emulsion G | Silver 0.18 |
| Iodine silver bromide emulsion E | Silver 0.20 |
| Iodine chlorine silver bromide emulsion F | Silver 0.07 |
| ExC-1 | 0.041 |
| ExC-8 | 0.012 |
| ExY-1 | 0.035 |
| ExY-2 | 0.71 |
| ExY-3 | 0.10 |
| ExY-4 | 0.005 |
| Cpd-2 | 0.10 |
| Cpd-3 | 4.0×10 -3 |
| HBS-1 | 0.24 |
| Gelatin | 1.41 |
The 14 layer (high speed blue-sensitive emulsion layer)
| Iodine silver bromide emulsion D | Silver 0.75 |
| ExC-1 | 0.013 |
| ExY-2 | 0.3 1 |
| ExY-3 | 0.05 |
| ExY-6 | 0.062 |
| Cpd-2 | 0.075 |
| Cpd-3 | 1.0×10 -3 |
| HBS-1 | 0.10 |
| Gelatin | 0.91 |
The 15 layer (first protective seam)
| Iodine silver bromide emulsion S | Silver 0.30 |
| UV-1 | 0.21 |
| UV-2 | 0.13 |
| UV-3 | 0.20 |
| UV-4 | 0.025 |
| F-18 | 0.009 |
| F-19 | 0.005 |
| F-20 | 0.005 |
| HBS-1 | 0.12 |
| HBS-4 | 5.0×10 -2 |
| Gelatin | 2.3 |
The 16 layer (second protective seam)
| H-1 | 0.40 |
| B-1 (diameter 1.7 μ m) | 5.0×10 -2 |
| B-2 (diameter 1.7 μ m) | 0.15 |
| B-3 | 0.05 |
| S-1 | 0.20 |
| Gelatin | 0.75 |
Removing said components is, for improving storage stability, flushable property, resistance to pressure, antibiotic and mildew resistance, antistatic behaviour and screening characteristics, each layer can comprise W-1 to W-5, B-4 to B-6, F-1 to F-18, molysite, lead salt, golden salt, palladium salt, platinum salt, iridium salt, ruthenium salt and rhodium salt.In addition, with respect to every mol silver halide, can the 8th and the coating solution of eleventh floor in add 8.5 * 10 respectively
-3G and 7.9 * 10
-3The calcium of g, it is the form of calcium nitrate aqueous solution.
The preparation of organic solid disperse dyes
Disperse ExF-3 in order to following method.In the pot mill of 700ml, put into the 5% pair of Octylphenoxy Ethoxyethane sulfonic acid soda water solution of water, 3ml of 21.7ml and 5% pair of Octylphenoxy polyoxyethylene ether (degree of polymerization 10) of 0.5g, in this mill, add dyestuff ExF-3 and the 500ml zirconia ball (diameter 1mm) of 5.0g then.Content disperseed 2 hours.This dispersion prepares by the BO type vibromill that uses Chuo Koki K.K. to make.From mill, take out dispersion, be added into then in 12.5% aqueous gelatin solution of 8g.Filter out zirconia ball, obtain the gelatin dispersion of dyestuff.The mean grain size of thin dye granule is 0.44 μ m.
According to above identical method, make solid dispersions ExF-4.The mean grain size of this thin dye granule is respectively 0.45 μ m.Use EP549, the described microdeposit dispersion method of the embodiment of 489A is disperseed ExF-2.Its mean grain size is 0.06 μ m.
In order to following method dispersing solid dispersion ExF-6.
The water of 4.0kg and the 3%W-2 aqueous solution of 376g are added in the moist cake of ExF-6 of 2800g, and this cake comprises 18% water, stirs the gained material then, and formation concentration is 30% ExF-6 slurries.Next, with the 1700ml mean grain size be the ULTRA VISO MILL (UVM-2) of the zirconia ball filling Imex K.K. manufacturing of 0.5mm.Make above-mentioned slurries by passing through in this mill, ground these slurries thus 8 hours, the circumferential speed of this mill is about 10m/sec, and loading is 0.5L/min.
The solid fine dispersions of preparation sensitizing dye
Sensitizing dye of the present invention is the solid fine dispersions form according to the method preparation of JP-A-11-52507.
For example, be prepared as follows the solid fine dispersions of sensitizing dye ExC-1.
The sodium nitrate of dissolving 0.8 weight portion and the sodium sulphate of 3.2 weight portions in the ion exchange water of 43 weight portions.The sensitizing dye ExC-1 that adds 13 weight portions therein makes its dispersion with the dissolver blade then under 60 ℃ and 2000rpm, obtain the solid dispersions of sensitizing dye ExC-1.
The compound that is used to form each layer is as follows.
The HBS-1 tricresyl phosphate
HBS-2 di-n-butyl phthalic acid ester
HBS-4 three (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
X/y=10/90 (weight ratio)
Mean molecular weight: about 35,000
X/y=40/60 (weight ratio)
Mean molecular weight: about 20,000
Mean molecular weight: about 750,000
X/y=70/30 (weight ratio)
Mean molecular weight; About 17,000
Mean molecular weight; About 10,000
Preparation sample 502-509
Replace emulsion J-a and H-a in the eleventh floor with emulsion H-5a to H-5h, prepare sample 502-509 thus.
These samples carry out film sclerosis 14 hours under 40 ℃, the condition of 70% relative humidity.The gained sample exposed 1/100 second by SC-39 gelatin light filter (it is Fuji Photo Film Co., the long wavelength light transmitting filter that Ltd. makes, its cutoff wavelength is 390nm) and continuous wedge.The as described below development of FP-360B automatic film developer of using Fuji Photo Film to make.Notice that this developing machine re-constructs, make the overflow solution of bleaching bath can not be carried in next the bath, but all these all are disposed in the waste liquid tank.The FP-360B developing machine is equipped with the evaporation compensated device of describing in Journal ofTechnical Disclosure No.94-4992.
Below will describe development step and washing fluid forms.
Purging method
| Step | Time | Temperature | Magnitude of recruitment * | Tank volume |
| Colour development | 3 minutes 5 seconds | 37.8℃ | 20ml | 11.5L |
| Bleaching | 50 seconds | 38.0℃ | 5ml | 5L |
| Photographic fixing (1) | 50 seconds | 38.0℃ | - | 5L |
| Photographic fixing (2) | 50 seconds | 38.0℃ | 8ml | 5L |
| Washing | 30 seconds | 38.0℃ | 17ml | 3L |
| Stable (1) | 20 seconds | 38.0℃ | - | 3L |
| Stable (2) | 20 seconds | 38.0℃ | 15ml | 3L |
| Dry | 1 minute 30 seconds | 60℃ |
*Magnitude of recruitment is with the wide sample of the 35mm of the 1.1m value representation of (being equivalent to the effect of 24 Ex. films).
Stabilizing agent and stop bath are according to the order convection current of (2) to (1), and all washings overflows all are introduced in the fixing bath (2).What note is, the amount that is carried into developer in the blanching step, is carried into the bleaching liquid in the photographic fixing step and is carried into the fixer in the washing step is respectively 2.5ml, 2.0ml and 2.0ml for the wide photosensitive material of the 35mm of 1.1m.Each intersection time is 6 seconds, and this time was included in the processing time of various processes.
The open area that is used for the above-mentioned developing machine of color developer and bleaching liquid is respectively 100cm
2And 120cm
2, and the open area that is used for other solution is about 100cm
2
Shown in washing fluid composed as follows.
Color developer
| Form | Jar solution (g) | Replenish liquid (g) |
| Diethylene triamine pentacetic acid (DTPA) | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Catechol-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Sodium sulphite | 3.9 | 5.3 |
| Sal tartari | 39.0 | 39.0 |
| Disodium-N, N-two (2-sulfonic group ethyl) azanol | 1.5 | 2.0 |
| Potassium bromide | 1.3 | 0.3 |
| Potassium iodide | 1.3mg | - |
| 4-hydroxyl-6-methyl isophthalic acid, 3,3a, the 7-purine | 0.05 | - |
| Hydroxylamine sulfate | 2.4 | 3.3 |
| 2-methyl-4-[N-ethyl-N-(beta-hydroxy ethyl) amino]-aniline sulfate | 4.5 | 6.5 |
| Add and add water to | 1.0L | 1.0L |
| PH (regulating) with potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid | 10.05 | 10.18 |
Bleaching liquid
| Form | Jar solution (g) | Replenish liquid (g) |
| 1,3-diaminopropanetetraacetic acid iron ammonium dihydrate | 113 | 170 |
| Ammonium bromide | 70 | 105 |
| Ammonium nitrate | 14 | 21 |
| Succinic acid | 34 | 51 |
| Maleic acid | 28 | 42 |
| Add and add water to | 1.0L | 1.0L |
| PH (regulating) with ammoniacal liquor | 4.6 | 4.0 |
Fixer (1) jar solution
5: 95 (V/V) potpourris of above-mentioned bleaching tank solution and following fixing tank solution, pH is 6.8. fixer (2)
| Form | Jar solution (g) | Replenish liquid (g) |
| Thiosulfuric acid aqueous ammonium (750g/L) | 240ml | 720ml |
| Imidazoles | 7 | 21 |
| First thiosulfonic acid ammonium | 5 | 15 |
| First sulfo-sulfinic acid ammonium | 10 | 30 |
| Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid | 13 | 39 |
| Add and add water to | 1L | 1L |
| PH (regulating) with ammoniacal liquor and acetate | 7.4 | 7.45 |
Washings
Tap water is delivered in the mixed bed column, and this column filling has H type strong-acid cation-exchange resin (Amberlite IR-120B: can be from Rohm ﹠amp; Haas Co. obtains) and OH type alkali anion exchange resins (Amberlite IR-400), the concentration of calcium and magnesium is set at 3mg/l or lower.Subsequently, add the isocyanuric acid dichloride sodium of 20mg/l and the sodium sulphate of 0.15g/l.The pH scope of solution is 6.5-7.5.
Stabilizing agent
| Form | Jar solution and additional liquid phase are with (g) |
| SPTS | 0.03 |
| The single nonylplenyl ether (average degree of polymerization 10) of polyoxyethylene-p- | 0.2 |
| 1,2-benzisothiazole-3-ketone sodium | 0.10 |
| Disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate | 0.05 |
| 1,2, the 4-triazole | 1.3 |
| 1,4-two (1,2,4-triazole-1-ylmethyl) piperazine | 0.75 |
| Add and add water to | 1.0L |
| pH | 8.5 |
Use the green filter density measurement, thus the photographic property of the sample that assessment is so handled.Light sensitivity is represented with the relative value of the inverse of the needed exposure of fuchsin density that reaches ashing density+0.2.The result is as shown in table 13.The advantage of the present invention that shows with the multilayer sample is similar to the individual layer sample.
Table 13
| Sample | Light sensitivity | Explanation |
| 502 | 100 | Contrast |
| 503 | 101 | Contrast |
| 504 | 89 | Contrast |
| 505 | 103 | The present invention |
| 506 | 109 | The present invention |
| 507 | 110 | The present invention |
| 508 | 1112 | The present invention |
| 509 | 115 | The present invention |
Embodiment 6
The manufacture method of emulsion H-6A
When the emulsion 2-A of preparation embodiment 2, before carrying out chemical sensitization, add TAZ-1, will initially be added on the composition that sensitizing dye in the chemical sensitization becomes Exs-1, Exs-4 and Exs-5 then.Except that above difference, prepare emulsion H-6A according to the method identical basically with emulsion 2-A.The consumption of sensitizing dye Exs-1, Exs-4 and Exs-5 is 5.50 * 10 for every mol silver halide
-4Mol, 1.30 * 10
-4Mol and 4.65 * 10
-5Mol.
The manufacture method of emulsion H-6E, J and K
When preparation emulsion 2-E, the J of embodiment 2 and K, before carrying out chemical sensitization, add TAZ-1, will initially be added on the combination that sensitizing dye in the chemical sensitization becomes Exs-1, Exs-4 and Exs-5 then.The consumption of each sensitizing dye is identical with above-mentioned emulsion H-6A.
Emulsion H-5a with in emulsion H-5e and H-6A, E, J and the K alternative embodiment 5 forms sample 601-605 thus, then according to method assessment their photographic property identical with embodiment 5.Gained the results are shown in Table 14.Light sensitivity is represented (light sensitivity of sample 601 is 100) with the relative value of the inverse of the needed exposure of density that reaches ashing density+0.2.Obtain and the similar result of individual layer sample.
Table 14
| Sample | Light sensitivity | Explanation |
| 601 | 135 | The present invention |
| 602 | 145 | The present invention |
| 603 | 165 | The present invention |
| 604 | 105 | Contrast |
| 605 | 100 | Contrast |
Embodiment 7
The manufacture method of emulsion H-7a
When the emulsion 3-A of preparation embodiment 3, before carrying out chemical sensitization, add TAZ-1, will initially be added on the combination that sensitizing dye in the chemical sensitization becomes Exs-1, Exs-4 and Exs-5 then.Except that above difference, prepare emulsion H-7a according to the method identical basically with emulsion 3-A.The consumption of sensitizing dye Exs-1, Exs-4 and Exs-5 is 5.50 * 10 for every mol silver halide
-4Mol, 1.30 * 10
-4Mol and 4.65 * 10
-5Mol.
The manufacture method of emulsion H-7b
When the emulsion 3-B of preparation embodiment 3, before carrying out chemical sensitization, add TAZ-1, will initially be added on the combination that sensitizing dye in the chemical sensitization becomes Exs-1, Exs-4 and Exs-5 then.Except that above difference, prepare emulsion H-7b according to the method identical basically with emulsion 3-A.The consumption of each sensitizing dye is identical with above-mentioned emulsion H-7a.
Emulsion H-5a with in emulsion H-6K, H-7a and the H-7b alternative embodiment 5 forms sample 701-703 thus, then according to method assessment their photographic property identical with embodiment 5.Gained the results are shown in Table 15.Light sensitivity is represented (light sensitivity of sample 701 is 100) with the relative value of the inverse of the needed exposure of density that reaches ashing density+0.2.
Table 15
| Sample | Light sensitivity | Explanation |
| 701 | 100 | Contrast |
| 702 | 92 | Contrast |
| 703 | 105 | The present invention |
Embodiment 8
The manufacture method of emulsion H-8a
When the emulsion 4-A of preparation embodiment 4, before carrying out chemical sensitization, add TAZ-1, will initially be added on the combination that sensitizing dye in the chemical sensitization becomes Exs-1, Exs-4 and Exs-5 then.Except that above difference, prepare emulsion H-8a according to the method identical basically with emulsion 4-A.The consumption of sensitizing dye Exs-1, Exs-4 and Exs-5 is 5.50 * 10 for every mol silver halide
-4Mol, 1.30 * 10
-4Mol and 4.65 * 10
-5Mol.
The manufacture method of emulsion H-8b
When the emulsion 4-B of preparation embodiment 4, before carrying out chemical sensitization, add TAZ-1, will initially be added on the combination that sensitizing dye in the chemical sensitization becomes Exs-1, Exs-4 and Exs-5 then.Except that above difference, prepare emulsion H-8b according to the method identical basically with emulsion 4-B.The consumption of each sensitizing dye is identical with above-mentioned emulsion H-8a.
Emulsion H-5a with in emulsion H-5b, H-5c, H-8a and the H-8b alternative embodiment 5 forms sample 801-804 thus, then according to method assessment their photographic property identical with embodiment 5.Gained the results are shown in Table 16.Light sensitivity is represented (light sensitivity of sample 801 is 100) with the relative value of the inverse of the needed exposure of density that reaches ashing density+0.2.
Table 16
| Sample | Light sensitivity | Explanation |
| 801 | 100 | Contrast |
| 802 | 94 | Contrast |
| 803 | 109 | The present invention |
| 804 | 107 | The present invention |
In the various embodiments described above, the sample that is compared all is identical aspect graininess.Therefore, each sample with ISO is excellent on the ratio of light sensitivity/graininess.
Embodiment 9
Preparation emulsion
Emulsion 9-A
Stir the aqueous solution 1300ml (first formulations prepared from solutions) that comprises 0.5g potassium bromide and 1.1g aforesaid gelatin-4 down at 35 ℃.In 30 seconds time, add aqueous solution X-1 (in 100ml, comprising the 5.2g potassium bromide) and the 8.5ml aqueous solution G-1 (in 100ml, comprising 8.0g aforesaid gelatin-4) of (adding 1) 35ml water solution A g-1 (silver nitrate that in 100ml, comprises 4.9g), 27ml with fixed rate with three gunitees.Afterwards, add the potassium bromide of 6.5g, elevate the temperature then to 75 ℃.Carry out maturing step after 20 minutes, adding 300ml aqueous solution G-2 (in 100ml, comprising 12.7g aforesaid gelatin-3).
Next, in 14 minutes time, add water solution A g-2 (silver nitrate that in 100ml, comprises 22.1g) and the aqueous solution X-2 (potassium bromide that in 100ml, comprises 15.5g) of 157ml by two gunitees.During adding, accelerate the flow velocity of water solution A g-2, make that final flow rate is 3.4 times of initial flow rate.Also add aqueous solution X-2, make that the pAg of raw emulsion is 8.1 (adding 2) in the reaction vessel.Subsequently, in 27 minutes time, add water solution A g-3 (silver nitrate that in 100ml, comprises 32.0g) and the aqueous solution X-3 (in 100ml, comprising the potassium bromide of 21.5g and the potassium iodide of 1.2g) of 329ml by two gunitees.During adding, accelerate the flow velocity of water solution A g-3, make that final flow rate is 1.6 times of initial flow rate.Also add aqueous solution X-3, make that the pAg of raw emulsion is 8.0 (adding 3) in the reaction vessel.In addition, in 17 minutes time, add water solution A g-4 (silver nitrate that in 100ml, comprises 32.0g) and the aqueous solution X-4 (potassium bromide that in 100ml, comprises 22.4g) of 156ml by two gunitees.Add water solution A g-4 with constant flow rate.Also add aqueous solution X-4, make that the pAg of raw emulsion is 7.7 (adding 4) in the reaction vessel.Afterwards, add the aqueous solution G-3 (in 100ml, comprise 12.0g and describe aforesaid gelatin-1) of 125ml.
Afterwards, temperature is reduced to 55 ℃, and in 2 minutes, adds the 0.3M potassium iodide aqueous solution (adding 5) of 160ml.After 1 minute, add sodium benzenethiosulfonate and K with the form of solution
2IrCl
6, with respect to total silver amount of particle, their amount is respectively 2 * 10
-6Mol/mol silver and 5 * 10
-9Mol/mol.After 1 minute, in 9 minutes time, (in l00ml, comprise 22.4g potassium bromide and 1 * 10 by two gunitees interpolation 249ml water solution A g-4 and aqueous solution X-5
-5[the Ru (trz) of mol
6]
4-(trz=1,2,4-triazole)).Add water solution A g-4 with fixing speed.The interpolation of aqueous solution X-5 makes that the pAg of raw emulsion remains on 8.0 in the reaction vessel, and makes pAg finally be adjusted to 7.8 (adding 6).Afterwards, carry out desalination by normal flocculation.Stirring and 56 ℃ of following interpolation water, NaOH and aforesaid gelatin-1, and respectively pH and pAg are being adjusted to 6.4 and 8.6.
In the emulsion of gained, the projected area of all particles 99% or mostly be to have the sheet iodine silver bromide grain of (111) face as first type surface.
Subsequently, sequentially add sensitizing dye Exs-1 to Exs-3, potassium rhodanide, gold chloride, sodium thiosulfate and N as described below, N-dimethyl selenourea carries out chemical sensitization to emulsion thus best.Add water-soluble sulfhydryl compound MER-1 and MER-2 as follows with 4: 1 ratios, make that total amount is that every mol silver halide is 3.6 * 10
-4Mol, thus this chemical sensitization finished.Optimum chemical sensitizing is meant light sensitivity the highest when carrying out exposure in 1/100 second.
The sensitizing dye Exs-1 that is used for green-sensitive emulsion
The sensitizing dye Exs-2 that is used for green-sensitive emulsion
The sensitizing dye Exs-3 that is used for green-sensitive emulsion
The sensitizing dye that is used for green-sensitive emulsion is Exs-1: Exs-2: Exs-3 is with 77: 20: 3 potpourri of mol ratio
Emulsion 9-B
Prepare emulsion 9-B according to the method identical with emulsion 9-A, but following change (adding 5).Promptly, substitute in 2 minutes the 0.3M potassium iodide aqueous solution that adds 160ml, add the emulsion that comprises 0.048mol silver iodide (silver iodide particle diameter=0.05 μ m), ripe then gained material 10 minutes.
Emulsion 9-C
Prepare emulsion 9-B according to the method identical with emulsion 9-A, but following change (adding 5).Promptly, substitute the 0.3M potassium iodide aqueous solution that in 2 minutes, adds 160ml temperature being reduced to after 55 ℃, temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, add then comprise 0.048mol to the aqueous solution of iodacetyl sodium sulfanilate as the iodide ion releasing agent.Afterwards, in 1 minute, add the 0.8M sodium sulfite aqueous solution of 60ml with fixing flow velocity.PH is being controlled to be in 9.0, is producing iodide ion.After 2 minutes, make temperature in 15 minutes, be increased to 55 ℃, then pH is reduced to 5.5.
Emulsion 9-D to 9-S
By changing particle formation condition in (first formulations prepared from solutions) and (adding 1) to (adding 4) (pAg, interpolation speed, gelatine type and amount and provide silver and halogen by the ultra-fine silver halide particle of continuous interpolation, this ultra-fine silver halide particle is to prepare in another stirring mixer outside reaction vessel simultaneously), preparation has the substrate particle emulsion of different equal circle diameters and thickness.Afterwards, following carrying out from the step of (adding 5) beginning is with preparation platy shaped particle emulsion 9-D to 9-S.
For emulsion 9-D, 9-H, 9-L and 9-P, carry out from the step of (adding 5) beginning according to the method identical with emulsion 9-A.
For emulsion 9-E and 9-I, carry out from the step of (adding 5) beginning according to the method identical with emulsion 9-B.
For emulsion 9-F, 9-J, 0-M and 9-Q, carry out from the step of (adding 5) beginning according to the method identical with emulsion 9-C.
For emulsion 9-G and 9-K, carry out from the step of (adding 5) beginning according to the method identical, but pAg remains on 8.9 in (adding 6) with emulsion 9-B, rather than 8.0.
For emulsion 9-N and 9-R, carry out from the step of (adding 5) beginning according to the method identical, but pAg remains on 7.4 in (adding 6) with emulsion 9-C, rather than 8.0.
For emulsion 9-O and 9-S, carry out from the step of (adding 5) beginning according to the method identical with emulsion 9-C, but by adding HO (CH before (adding 2)
2CH
2O)
m(CH (CH
3) CH
2)
19.8(CH
2CH
2O
n) H (m+n=9.77) long grain in next life, and afterwards in (add 6) pAg remain on 7.4, rather than 8.0.
When these emulsions of preparation, the interpolation speed of silver nitrate aqueous solution and silver halide aqueous solution should be controlled according to the critical growth rate of silver halide particle, and prevents owing to Ostwald is ripe maturation or polydispersion again.
Table 17 has shown the particle characteristics of gained emulsion 9-A to 9-B emulsion.In these emulsions, the equal circle diameter variation factor of all particles all is 35%, and the variation in thickness coefficient of all particles all is 34%.In addition, the twin plane distance is that 0.016 μ m or littler particle account for 70% of all particles.
With iterative method 1000 particles are carried out transmission electron microscope and measure, obtain coating of particles in the emulsion thus.In addition, use the analysis electron microscope described in JP-A-7-219102, the agi content of measuring when the beam-to-beam spacing of 50nm in 20 particles of every kind of emulsion distributes.Consequently, the zone of grain edges part is about 0.10-0.25 μ m.In these emulsions any, the average silver iodide content of grain edges part is than the high 2.0mol% of average silver iodide content of particle core or more.
In addition, with high pressure (accelerating potential 400kV) electron microscope, according to the method for describing in this instructions measure 200 particles in each emulsion (-10 ° ,-5 °, 0 ° ,+5 ° and+each particle is observed at 5 sample inclination angles such as 10 °), observe position, density and the distribution of dislocation line thus.
By using EP147, the method for the EPMA that describes in 868 is measured 200 particles, thereby obtains intergranular agi content distribute (I=average silver iodide content).
(100) face ratio in the platy shaped particle side is calculated by the method for describing in JP-A-8-334850 and this instructions.
(measuring the feature of the emulsion grain in following examples with similar method)
Table 17
| Emulsion | The ECD of platy shaped particle; DC 1 | The thickness of platy shaped particle (μ m): th | Coating of particles 2 | Have 10 or the proportion of particles (%) of more a plurality of dislocation lines in the edge part office |
| 9-A | 3.30 | 0.206 | It or not the particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.25 μ m | 76 |
| 9-B | 3.30 | 0.206 | It or not the particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.25 μ m | 91 |
| 9-C | 3.30 | 0.206 | It or not the particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.25 μ m | 100 |
| 9-D | 3.47 | 0.187 | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.25 μ m | 49 |
| 9-E | 3.47 | 0.187 | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.25 μ m | 85 |
| 9-F | 3.47 | 0.187 | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.25 μ m | 100 |
| 9-G | 3.47 | 0.187 | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.25 μ m | 61 |
| 9-H | 3.93 | 0.146 | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | 38 |
| 9-I | 3.93 | 0.146 | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | 67 |
| 9-J | 3.93 | 0.146 | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | 92 |
| 9-K | 3.93 | 0.146 | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | 60 |
| 9-L | 4.14 | 0.131 | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | 33 |
| 9-M | 4.14 | 0.131 | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | 58 |
| 9-N | 4.14 | 0.131 | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | 81 |
| 9-O | 4.14 | 0.131 | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | 95 |
| 9-P | 4.75 | 0.100 | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.10 μ m | 19 |
| 9-Q | 4.75 | 0.100 | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.10 μ m | 50 |
| 9-R | 4.75 | 0.100 | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.10 μ m | 70 |
| 9-S | 4.75 | 0.100 | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.10 μ m | 86 |
Table 17 (continuing)
| Emulsion | Have 30 or the proportion of particles (%) of more dislocation lines in the marginal portion | The proportion of particles (%) that dislocation line is only arranged in the marginal portion basically | Agi content is the proportion of particles of 0.7I-1.3 I 3 | Agi content is the proportion of particles of 0.8I-1.2I | (100) ratio of face and total side surface |
| 9-A | 61 | 50 | 57 | 43 | 31 |
| 9-B | 70 | 73 | 93 | 79 | 31 |
| 9-C | 100 | 95 | 98 | 89 | 31 |
| 9-D | 31 | 32 | 56 | 42 | 28 |
| 9-E | 67 | 61 | 90 | 77 | 28 |
| 9-F | 95 | 93 | 94 | 85 | 28 |
| 9-G | 42 | 44 | 89 | 82 | 21 |
| 9-H | 22 | 27 | 53 | 40 | 25 |
| 9-I | 53 | 49 | 86 | 73 | 25 |
| 9-J | 84 | 83 | 92 | 83 | 25 |
| 9-K | 36 | 43 | 82 | 74 | 20 |
| 9-L | 19 | 22 | 49 | 37 | 20 |
| 9-M | 33 | 41 | 85 | 72 | 20 |
| 9-N | 62 | 71 | 92 | 82 | 25 |
| 9-O | 83 | 85 | 92 | 81 | 40 |
| 9-P | 8 | 7 | 41 | 33 | 18 |
| 9-Q | 26 | 31 | 80 | 70 | 18 |
| 9-R | 51 | 59 | 90 | 80 | 25 |
| 9-S | 71 | 81 | 91 | 80 | 40 |
1:ECD=equal circle diameter (μ m)=DC
2: account in all particles 50% or many coating of particles
3:I represents average iodine content
The formation of sample application and assessment
Form and the assessment sample application according to the method identical with embodiment 1.
The result of photographic property is as shown in table 18 below.Light sensitivity is represented (light sensitivity of sample 901 is 100) with the relative value of the inverse of the needed exposure of density that reaches ashing density+0.2.
Resistance to pressure records by stressed experiment is following: by the crooked unexposed film sample of sample core as fulcrum, wherein bending direction oppositely becomes hexagonal angle with the emulsion surface opposite, continues 30 seconds with fixed pressure.After the development, pressure mark and the pressure desensitization (based on sample 901) of visual inspection in the sweep of sample.
Comparison shows that of sample 902-919 and sample 901, in the marginal portion of platy shaped particle, introduce highdensity dislocation line according to the present invention with big equal circle diameter and little thickness limitedly, make the agi content homogeneous between the particle, and improve the ratio of (100) face area in the particle side, can obtain having the emulsion of ISO and resistance to pressure raising.
Table 18
| Sample | Emulsion | Relative sensitivity | The pressure ashing | The pressure desensitization | Explanation |
| 901 | 9-A | 100 | △ | △ | Contrast |
| 902 | 9-B | 105 | ○ | ○ | Contrast |
| 903 | 9-C | 110 | ◎ | ◎ | The present invention |
| 904 | 9-D | 110 | × | × | The present invention |
| 905 | 9-E | 129 | ○ | △ | The present invention |
| 906 | 9-F | 135 | ◎ | ◎ | The present invention |
| 907 | 9-G | 117 | △ | × | The present invention |
| 908 | 9-H | 120 | ×× | × | The present invention |
| 909 | 9-I | 151 | ○ | ○ | The present invention |
| 910 | 9-J | 166 | ◎ | ○ | The present invention |
| 911 | 9-K | 123 | ○ | × | The present invention |
| 912 | 9-L | 120 | ×× | ×× | The present invention |
| 913 | 9-M | 132 | × | × | The present invention |
| 914 | 9-N | 182 | ○ | △ | The present invention |
| 915 | 9-O | 191 | ◎ | ○ | The present invention |
| 916 | 9-P | 117 | ×× | ×× | The present invention |
| 917 | 9-Q | 132 | △ | × | The present invention |
| 918 | 9-R | 209 | ◎ | △ | The present invention |
| 919 | 9-S | 224 | ◎ | ○ | The present invention |
The visual inspection assessment (representing) of pressure ashing and pressure desensitization with relative value:
Good ← ◎, zero, △, *, * * → poor
Embodiment 10
The preparation of emulsion 10-A to 10-O and assessment
Control the addition of iodide ion in (adding 3) among the above-mentioned emulsion 9-C, the use amount of iodide ion releasing agent and sodium sulphite in (adding 5), and the pAg that keeps during (adding 6), prepare emulsion 10-A to 10-C thus, they have the average silver iodide content of different particle cores and the average silver iodide content relation of grain edges part.
Control the particle formation condition of emulsion 9-F, 9-J, 9-O and 9-S similarly, preparation emulsion 10-D to 10-F, 10-G to I, 10-J to 10-L and 10-M to 10-O, they have the average silver iodide content of different particle cores and the average silver iodide content relation of grain edges part.
In above-mentioned emulsion; all particles 50% or mostly be that agi content is the platy shaped particle of 0.7I-1.3I; wherein I is average silver iodide content (mol%); each particle only comprises 10 or more a plurality of dislocation line basically in the marginal portion of particle, and the ratio of (100) face in the particle side is 25% or higher.The variation factor that the equal circle diameter of all particles distributes is 40% or lower.
Table 19 has shown the particle characteristics of these emulsions.Use these emulsions to form sample application 1001-1015, assess according to the method identical then with embodiment 1.This result also is shown in Table 19.
Table 19
| Sample | Emulsion | Account for 50% or higher coating of particles in all particles | The grain edges part is poor with the average silver iodide content of core | Relative sensitivity | The pressure ashing | The pressure desensitization |
| 1001 | 10-A | The particle of DC＜3.5 μ m and th＞0.25 μ m | High 1.8mol% or more | 100 | × | △ |
| 1002 | 10-B | The particle of DC＜3.5 μ m and th＞0.25 μ m | High 2.2mol% or more | 105 | ○ | △ |
| 1003 | 10-C | The particle of DC＜3.5 μ m and th＞0.25 μ m | High 4.0mol% or more | 110 | ◎ | ◎ |
| 1004 | 10-D | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.25 μ m | High 1.8mol% or more | 110 | × | × |
| 1005 | 10-E | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.25 μ m | High 2.2mol% or more | 132 | ◎ | ○ |
| 1006 | 10-F | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.25 μ m | High 4.0mol% or more | 138 | ◎ | ○ |
| 1007 | 10-G | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | High 1.8mol% or more | 132 | × | × |
| 1008 | 10-H | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | High 2.2mol% or more | 166 | ◎ | ○ |
| 1009 | 10-I | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | High 4.0mol% or more | 182 | ◎ | ○ |
| 1010 | 10-J | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | High 1.8mol% or more | 145 | ×× | ×× |
| 1011 | 10-K | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | High 2.2mol% or more | 191 | ○ | △ |
| 1012 | 10-L | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | High 4.0mol% or more | 209 | ◎ | △ |
| 1013 | 10-M | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.10 μ m | High 1.8mol% or more | 162 | ×× | ×× |
| 1014 | 10-N | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.10 μ m | High 2.2mol% or more | 224 | ○ | △ |
| 1015 | 10-O | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.10 μ m | High 4.0mol% or more | 234 | ◎ | △ |
The DC=equal circle diameter
Th=thickness
The visual inspection assessment (representing) of pressure ashing and pressure desensitization with relative value:
Good ← ◎, zero, △, *, * * → poor
Shown in table 19, if according to the present invention in the emulsion in the grain edges of the platy shaped particle part average silver iodide content than the high 2mol% of average silver iodide content of particle core or more, and this particle has big equal circle diameter and little thickness, then can improve light sensitivity and resistance to pressure significantly.
Embodiment 11
The preparation of emulsion 11-A to 11-O and assessment
Control the particle formation condition of above-mentioned emulsion 9-C, 9-F, 9-J, 9-O and 9-S, can make emulsion 11-A to 11-O, they have different equal circle diameter distribution variation coefficents.
In above-mentioned emulsion; all particles 50% or mostly be that agi content is the platy shaped particle of 0.7I-1.3I; wherein I is average silver iodide content (mol%); each particle only comprises 10 or more a plurality of dislocation line basically in the marginal portion of particle, and the ratio of (100) face in the particle side is 25% or higher.The average silver iodide content of grain edges part is than the high 2mol% of average silver iodide content of particle core.
Table 20 has shown the particle characteristics of these emulsions.Use these emulsions to form sample application 1101-1115, assess according to the method identical then with embodiment 1.This result also is shown in Table 20.
Table 20
| Sample | Emulsion | Account for 50% or higher coating of particles in all particles | The COV that the ECD of all particles distributes | Relative sensitivity | The pressure ashing | The pressure desensitization | Explanation |
| 1101 | 11-A | The particle of DC＜3.5 μ m and th＞0.25 μ m | 35 | 100 | △ | △ | Contrast |
| 1102 | 11-B | The particle of DC＜3.5 μ m and th＞0.25 μ m | 45 | 98 | × | × | Contrast |
| 1103 | 11-C | The particle of DC＜3.5 μ m and th＞0.25 μ m | 20 | 102 | ○ | ○ | Contrast |
| 1104 | 11-D | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.25 μ m | 35 | 129 | ○ | ○ | The present invention |
| 1105 | 11-E | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.25 μ m | 45 | 117 | △ | × | Contrast |
| 1106 | 11-F | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.25 μ m | 30 | 138 | ◎ | ◎ | The present invention |
| 1107 | 11-G | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | 35 | 162 | ○ | ○ | The present invention |
| 1108 | 11-H | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | 45 | 148 | △ | × | Contrast |
| 1109 | 11-I | The particle of DC＞3.5 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | 20 | 174 | ◎ | ◎ | The present invention |
| 1110 | 11-J | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | 35 | 186 | ○ | △ | The present invention |
| 1111 | 11-K | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | 45 | 166 | × | ×× | Contrast |
| 1112 | 11-L | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.15 μ m | 20 | 204 | ◎ | ○ | The present invention |
| 1113 | 11-M | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.10 μ m | 35 | 219 | ○ | △ | The present invention |
| 1114 | 11-N | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.10 μ m | 45 | 195 | × | ×× | Contrast |
| 1115 | 11-O | The particle of DC＞4.0 μ m and th＜0.10 μ m | 20 | 229 | ◎ | ○ | The present invention |
COV=variation factor (%)
The DC=equal circle diameter
Th=thickness
The visual inspection assessment (representing) of pressure ashing and pressure desensitization with relative value:
Good ← ◎, zero, △, *, * * → poor
Shown in table 20, be 40% or bigger if having the equal circle diameter distribution variation coefficent according to platy shaped particle of the present invention of big equal circle diameter and little thickness in the emulsion, then can significantly improve light sensitivity and resistance to pressure.
Embodiment 12
The emulsion of the 11th layer of sample 501 among the embodiment 5 is become emulsion 9-A, 9-F, 9-J, 9-O and 9-S, form sample 1201-1205 thus.
Measure the density of respectively washing sample with green filter, to assess its photographic property.Light sensitivity is represented with the relative value of the inverse of the needed exposure of fuchsin density that reaches ashing density+0.15.Carry out the experimental evaluation fuchsin density part identical, with the assessment resistance to pressure with embodiment 9.
The results are shown in Table shown in 21.
Be similar to the result among the embodiment 9, advantage of the present invention also is very significant in the colour negative multilayer.Assess among the embodiment 9 other emulsions of preparation similarly, and find in the colour negative multilayer, to have the mutual relationship identical with embodiment 9.
Table 21
| Sample | Emulsion | Relative sensitivity | The pressure ashing | The pressure desensitization | Explanation |
| 1201 | 9-A | 100 | × | △ | Contrast |
| 1202 | 9-F | 132 | ○ | ○ | The present invention |
| 1203 | 9-J | 158 | ○ | ○ | The present invention |
| 1204 | 9-O | 178 | ○ | ○ | The present invention |
| 1205 | 9-S | 204 | ○ | △ | The present invention |
The visual inspection assessment (representing) of pressure ashing and pressure desensitization with relative value:
Good ← zero, △, * → poor
Embodiment 13
Form following sample by the sample among the embodiment 12 1201.
(sample 1301) is identical with sample 1201, but following variation is arranged.
(1) emulsion in the high speed green-sensitive emulsion layer becomes the emulsion 9-A among the embodiment 9.
(2) emulsion in the high speed magenta-sensitive emulsion layer becomes the emulsion 9-A (wherein sensitizing dye becomes 40: 2: 58 potpourris of Exs-7, Exs-8 and Exs-9) among the embodiment 9.
(sample 1302) is identical with sample 1201, but following variation is arranged.
(1) emulsion in the high speed green-sensitive emulsion layer becomes the emulsion 9-S among the embodiment 9.
(2) emulsion in the high speed magenta-sensitive emulsion layer becomes the emulsion 9-S (wherein sensitizing dye becomes 40: 2: 58 potpourris of Exs-7, Exs-8 and Exs-9) among the embodiment 9.
(sample 1303) is identical with sample 1302, but following variation is arranged.
(1) high speed magenta-sensitive emulsion layer is between high speed green-sensitive emulsion layer and the middling speed green-sensitive emulsion layer.
(2) middle layer (not containing dyestuff) is arranged between the high speed magenta-sensitive emulsion layer and upper and lower adjacent layer thereof that moves in (1).
Handle these samples 1301-1303 according to the method identical, assess the photographic property of these samples thus with embodiment 12.(it should be noted that with red filter and measure fuchsin density, and light sensitivity is represented with the relative value of the inverse of the needed exposure of fuchsin density that reaches ashing density+0.15.)
The result is summarised in the table 22.As can be seen from Table 22, in the layer of sample 1301 was provided with, the platy shaped particle emulsion with granule thickness was used in high speed green-sensitive emulsion layer and the high speed magenta-sensitive emulsion layer, and the rising of emulsion speed is not gratifying in the high speed magenta-sensitive emulsion layer.On the contrary, in preferred layer of the present invention is provided with (wherein at least one red sensing coppering silver emulsion layer is more farther than at least one green silver halide emulsion layer apart from carrier), emulsion speed raises, and has strengthened advantage of the present invention.
The numeral laboratory system " FRONTIER " that uses Fuji Photo Film is by scanning negative film, the image that the negative film of the sample 1303 of packing into forms.These images carry out digitized video and handle (eliminate graininess, and strengthen sharpness by the color rendering of Fuji Photo Film colour negative " SUPER 400 ") in station, export with laser printer then.Consequently, obtain having very high-quality image photo.
Table 22
| Sample | Light sensitivity (cyan) | Relative sensitivity (magenta) | The pressure ashing | The pressure desensitization | Explanation | ||
| Cyan | Pinkish red | Cyan | Pinkish red | ||||
| 1301 | 100 | 100 | △ | × | × | △ | Contrast |
| 1302 | 138 | 204 | ○ | ○ | × | ○ | The present invention |
| 1303 | 204 | 182 | ○ | ○ | ○ | ○ | The present invention |
Cyan and pinkish red light sensitivity are that the cyan of assumes samples 501 and pinkish red light sensitivity are respectively 100 relative values.
The visual inspection assessment (representing) of pressure ashing and pressure desensitization with relative value:
Good ← zero, △, * → poor
Embodiment 14
The preparation of emulsion A-1
Stir the aqueous solution 1300ml (first formulations prepared from solutions) that comprises 0.5g potassium bromide and 1.1g aforesaid gelatin-4 down at 35 ℃.In 30 seconds time, add aqueous solution X-1 (in 100ml, comprising the 5.2g potassium bromide) and the 8.5ml aqueous solution G-1 (in 100ml, comprising 8.0g aforesaid gelatin-4) of (adding 1) 38ml water solution A g-1 (silver nitrate that in 100ml, comprises 4.9g), 29ml with fixed rate with three gunitees.Afterwards, add the potassium bromide of 6.5g, elevate the temperature then to 75 ℃.Temperature was carried out maturing step 12 minutes after raising, and added 300ml aqueous solution G-2 (comprising 12.7g aforesaid gelatin-3 in 100ml).Add 4 of 2.1g, 5-dihydroxy-1, the thiourea dioxide of 3-disulfonic acid disodium monohydrate and 0.002g with 1 minute intervening sequences subsequently.
In 14 minutes time, add water solution A g-2 (silver nitrate that in 100ml, comprises 22.1g) and the aqueous solution X-2 (potassium bromide that in 100ml, comprises 15.5g) of 157ml by two gunitees.During adding, accelerate the flow velocity of water solution A g-2, make that final flow rate is 3.4 times of initial flow rate.Add aqueous solution X-2, make that the pAg of raw emulsion is 8.3 (adding 2) in the reaction vessel.Subsequently, in 27 minutes time, add water solution A g-3 (silver nitrate that in 100ml, comprises 32.0g) and the aqueous solution X-3 (in 100ml, comprising the potassium bromide of 21.5g and the potassium iodide of 1.2g) of 329ml by two gunitees.During adding, accelerate the flow velocity of water solution A g-3, make that final flow rate is 1.6 times of initial flow rate.Add aqueous solution X-3, make that the pAg of raw emulsion is 8.3 (adding 3) in the reaction vessel.In addition, in 17 minutes time, add water solution A g-4 (silver nitrate that in 100ml, comprises 32.0g) and the aqueous solution X-4 (potassium bromide that in 100ml, comprises 22.4g) of 156ml by two gunitees.Add water solution A g-4 with constant flow rate.Also add aqueous solution X-4, make that the pAg of raw emulsion is 8.3 (adding 4) in the reaction vessel.
Afterwards, add the aqueous solution G-3 (in 100ml, comprising 12.0g aforesaid gelatin-1) of 0.0025g sodium benzenethiosulfonate and 125ml with 1 minute interval.Add the 43.7g potassium bromide subsequently, make the pAg of raw emulsion in the reactor be set at 9.00, add the silver iodide fine particle emulsion (comprising the 13.0g mean grain size among the 100g is the thin silver iodide particle of 0.047 μ m) of 73.9g again.After 2 minutes, in 9 minutes time, add 249ml water solution A g-4 and aqueous solution X-4 by two gunitees.In 9 minutes time, add water solution A g-4 with fixing speed.The interpolation of aqueous solution X-4 was only carried out at 3.3 minutes, make that the pAg of raw emulsion remains on 9.00 in the reaction vessel, and all the other did not add in 5.7 minutes, and made the pAg of raw emulsion in the reaction vessel finally be adjusted to 7.8 (adding 5).Afterwards, carry out desalination by normal flocculation.Stirring and 56 ℃ of following interpolation water, NaOH and aforesaid gelatin-1, and respectively pH and pAg are being adjusted to 6.4 and 8.6.
In the emulsion of gained, 50% in all particles or mostly be that equal circle diameter is 3.5 μ m or bigger platy shaped particle, the thickness of this particle is 0.25 μ m or littler, average silver iodide content is 3.94mol%, and comprises (111) face as parallel first type surface.The lip-deep agi content XPS measuring of silver halide particle is 2.1mol%.The equal circle diameter variation factor of all particles is 24%, and the variation factor of the thickness of all particles is 33%.The twin plane distance is that 0.016 μ m or littler particle account for 50% or more.Represent average silver iodide content with I, then 80% of platy shaped particle or more in the scope of 0.8I-1.2I.
Subsequently, sequentially add sensitizing dye Exs-1 to Exs-3, potassium rhodanide, gold chloride, sodium thiosulfate and N as described below, N-dimethyl selenourea carries out chemical sensitization to emulsion thus best.Add water-soluble sulfhydryl compound MER-1 and MER-2 as follows with 4: 1 ratios, make that total amount is that every mol silver halide is 3.6 * 10
-4Mol, thus this chemical sensitization finished.When the addition of Exs-l is 5.3 * 10 for every mol silver halide
-4During mol, this emulsion (A-1) can carry out chemical sensitization best.
The preparation of emulsion (A-2) to (A-6)
The preparation of emulsion (A-2)
During particle formed, total silver amount of 90-95% consumed in the interpolation 5 of emulsion (A-1), with respect to the silver amount of this moment with 1 * 10
-6The amount of mol/mol silver is added the aqueous solution of potassium ferrocyanide.During adding, pAg remains on 7.3.Except that above-mentioned difference, prepare emulsion (A-2) according to the method identical with emulsion (A-1).
The preparation of emulsion (A-3)-(A-6)
Change the addition of emulsion (A-2) Central Asia potassium ferricyanide aqueous solution, prepare the emulsion shown in the table 23 (A-3)-(A-6) thus.
Under liquid nitrogen temperature, observe each emulsion (A-1) to (A-6) with the 400kV transmission electron microscope.Consequently, appearance 10 or more dislocation lines in the marginal portion of any platy shaped particle.The average length of dislocation line is 0.06 with the equal circle diameter ratio.In addition, dislocation line only is confined to the marginal portion basically.
It should be noted that emulsion (A-1) to (A-6) is to add 4 immediately before (add 2) in above-mentioned emulsion preparation process, 5-dihydroxy-1,3-disulfonic acid disodium monohydrate and carry out reduction sensitization.
Should also be noted that emulsion (A-1) to (A-6) carries out spectral sensitization by add sensitizing dye Exs-1 in the chemical sensitization step in the emulsion preparation process.This makes that these emulsions are respectively green silver halide emulsion, and its spectral sensitivity is maximum under the 550nm wavelength.These emulsions are according to the method coating identical with embodiment 1 and handle.
The results are shown in shown in the following table 23 of photographic property.Light sensitivity is represented (light sensitivity of sample 1401 is 100) with the relative value of the inverse of the needed exposure of density that reaches ashing density+0.2.
Table 23
| Sample | Emulsion | ECD * μm | Thickness * μm | Electronics triggers the concentration (the local silver of mol/mol) at center ** | Light sensitivity | Explanation |
| 1401 | A-1 | 3.7 | 0.23 | 0 | 100 | Contrast |
| 1402 | A-2 | 3.7 | 0.23 | 1×10 -6 | 105 | Contrast |
| 1403 | A-3 | 3.7 | 0.23 | 5×10 -5 | 110 | The present invention |
| 1404 | A-4 | 3.7 | 0.23 | 1×10 -4 | 140 | The present invention |
| 1405 | A-5 | 3.7 | 0.23 | 5×10 -4 | 140 | The present invention |
| 1506 | A-6 | 3.7 | 0.23 | 5×10 -3 | 110 | The present invention |
The ECD=equal circle diameter
*In all particles 50% or more granose value
*Wherein exist electronics to trigger that electronics triggers the concentration at center in the zone at center
Sample 1401 shows with the contrast of sample 1402-1406, forms electron capture of the present invention zone, can obtain high-speed emulsion.But the dependence of electron capture centre concentration makes that to select suitable electron capture centre concentration be very important in order to obtain ISO.
Embodiment 15
The preparation of emulsion B-1a to B-11b and emulsion B-21a to B-31b
Change prepares emulsion thus at the addition of the silver iodide fine particle emulsion of (adding 5) interpolation in 2 minutes before of emulsion (A-1) to (A-4).Change the particle growth condition, thereby can prepare emulsion with different equal circle diameters and thickness.In the emulsion of gained, in all particles 50% or have 3.5 μ m or bigger equal circle diameter and 0.25 μ m or littler thickness more.Emulsion meets the restrictive condition in the embodiment of the present invention 1.The characteristic of these emulsions is shown in table 24 and 25.Assess these samples according to the method identical with embodiment 1.The result also is shown in table 24 and 25.
Table 24
| Sample | Emulsion | ECD/μm * | Thickness/μ m * | Electronics causes the concentration (the local silver of mol/mol) at center: * * | Surface content of iodine (mol%) | Light sensitivity * * * | Explanation |
| 1501 a 1501 b 1502 a 1502 b 1503 a 1503 b 1504 a 1504 b 1505 a 1505 b | B-1 a B-1 b B-2 a B-2 b B-3 a B-3 b B-4 a B-4 b B-5 a B-5 b | 4.8 4.8 4.3 4.3 3.7 3.7 3.2 3.2 2.8 2.8 | 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 | 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 | 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 | 100 160 100 155 100 150 100 110 100 110 | Contrast contrast contrast of the present invention of the present invention |
| 1506 a 1506 b 1507 a 1507 b 1508 a 1508 b 1509 a 1509 b 1510 a 1510 b 1511 a 1511 b | B-6 a B-6 b B-7 a B-7 b B-8 a B-8 b B-9 a B-9 b B-10 a B-10 b B-11 a B-11 b | 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 | 0.33 0.33 0.28 0.28 0.23 0.23 0.18 0.18 0.13 0.13 0.08 0.08 | 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 | 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 | 100 110 100 115 100 150 100 160 100 165 100 170 | Contrast contrast contrast contrast is of the present invention |
The ECD=equal circle diameter
*In all particles 50% or more granose value
*Wherein exist electronics to trigger that electronics triggers the concentration at center in the zone at center
* *Light sensitivity with the sample b at electronics triggering center is to suppose that the light sensitivity that does not have electronics to trigger the sample a at center is 100 relative value
Table 25
| Sample | Emulsion | ECD/μm * | Thickness/μ m * | Electronics causes the concentration (the local silver of mol/mol) at center: * * | Surface content of iodine (mol%) | Light sensitivity * * * | Explanation |
| 1521 a 1521 b 1522 a 1522 b 1523 a 1523 b 1524 a 1524 b 1525 a 1525 b | B-21 a B-21 b B-22 a B-22 b B-23 a B-23 b B-24 a B-24 b B-25 a B-25 b | 4.8 4.8 4.3 4.3 3.7 3.7 3.2 3.2 2.7 2.7 | 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 | 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 | 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 | 100 130 100 127 100 125 100 105 100 105 | Contrast contrast contrast of the present invention of the present invention |
| 1526 a 1526 b 1527 a 1527 b 1528 a 1528 b 1529 a 1529 b 1530 a 1530 b 1531 a 1531 b | B-26 a B-26 b B-27 a B-27 b B-28 a B-28 b B-29 a B-29 b B-30 a B-30 b B-31 a B-31 b | 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 | 0.33 0.33 0.28 0.28 0.23 0.23 0.18 0.18 0.13 0.13 0.08 0.08 | 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 0 1×10 -4 | 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 6.1 | 100 105 100 105 100 125 100 130 100 132 100 135 | Contrast contrast contrast contrast is of the present invention |
The ECD=equal circle diameter
*In all particles 50% or more granose value
*Wherein exist electronics to trigger that electronics triggers the concentration at center in the zone at center
* *Light sensitivity with the sample b at electronics triggering center is to suppose that the light sensitivity that does not have electronics to trigger the sample a at center is 100 relative value
The sample 1501-1511 that has the emulsion preparation of low surperficial content of iodine (2.4mol%) by use at first, below will be described.
Shown in table 24, when equal circle diameter was 3.2 μ m or littler (sample 1504 and 1505) not within the scope of the present invention, though also can be observed by introducing the advantage of electron capture district super-sens, effect was very little.Yet,, come the effect of super-sens very big by introducing the electron capture district when equal circle diameter is 3.7 or when bigger (sample 1501-1503) within the scope of the invention.Thickness for particle also is like this.That is to say that effect is less when (sample 1506 and 1507) outside the scope of the invention, but within the scope of the present invention when (sample 1508 and 1511), promptly thickness is 0.25 μ m or littler, described effect is very big.
On the other hand, as shown in Table 25, in the sample 1521-1531 that tests according to the method identical as the emulsion of 6.1mol% with using surperficial content of iodine, the effect in electron capture district occurs within the scope of the invention very bigly, as sample 1501-1511.But the effect degree of super-sens is littler than sample 1501-1511.Therefore, in large-size flaky particle of the present invention, suppress surperficial content of iodine and be 5mol% or lower might be very important.
Embodiment 16
Prepare emulsion C-1 according to the method identical, but added crystal behavior controlling agent as follows in 1 minute before (the adding 5) of emulsion (A-4) with emulsion (A-4).Also add crystal behavior controlling agent, prepare emulsion C-2 to C-4 thus in the interstage of (adding 5).
In addition, change the particle growth condition, preparation has the emulsion of different equal circle diameters and thickness thus.In these emulsions, the equal circle diameter variation factor is 40% or littler, and equal circle diameter is 3.5 μ m or bigger and thickness be 0.25 μ m or littler particle account for all amounts of particles 50% or more.According to the method identical these emulsions are carried out best after ripening, and assess its photographic property with embodiment 1.The results are shown in Table shown in 26.
Table 26
| Sample | Emulsion | ECD/ μm * | Thickness μ m * | Electronics causes the concentration (the local silver of mol/mol) at center: * * | Surface content of iodine (mol%) | Dislocation line length | Light sensitivity * * * | Explanation |
| 1601 1602 1603 1604 1605 | C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 | 4.8 | 0.23 | 1×10 -4 | 2.4 | 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.15 | 100 100 150 170 170 | The present invention of the present invention |
| 1611 1612 1613 1614 1615 | C-6 C-7 C-8 C-9 C-10 | 3.7 | 0.23 | 1×10 -4 | 2.4 | 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.15 | 100 100 145 165 165 | The present invention of the present invention |
| 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 | C-11 C-12 C-13 C-14 C-15 | 3.2 | 0.23 | 1×10 -4 | 2.4 | 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.15 | 130 100 110 120 120 | Contrast contrast contrast contrast contrast |
| 1631 1632 1633 1634 1635 | C-16 C-17 C-18 C-19 C-20 | 2.7 | 0.23 | 1×10 -4 | 2.4 | 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.10 0.15 | 100 105 110 110 110 | Contrast contrast contrast contrast contrast |
The ECD=equal circle diameter
*In all particles 50% or more granose value
*Wherein exist electronics to trigger that electronics triggers the concentration at center in the zone at center
* *The light sensitivity of sample 1601-1605 is that the light sensitivity of assumes samples 1601 is 100 relative value
The light sensitivity of sample 1611-1615 is that the light sensitivity of assumes samples 1611 is 100 relative value
The light sensitivity of sample 1621-1625 is that the light sensitivity of assumes samples 1621 is the relative value of 1O0
The light sensitivity of sample 1631-1635 is that the light sensitivity of assumes samples 1631 is 100 relative value
The contrast of sample 1601-1605 or sample 1611-1615 shows that when the length of dislocation line was 0.0.5 with respect to equal circle diameter, photographic property improved greatly.On the contrary, among the sample 1621-1625 and 1631-1635 of the particle outside containing the scope of the invention, because the performance change that dislocation line length causes is very little.That is to say that just bigger when having only within the scope of the present invention by increasing raising that dislocation line length obtains photographic sensitivity, wherein equal circle diameter is 3.7 μ m or bigger.
Embodiment 17
Change the particle formation condition of emulsion A-4, prepare the emulsion with different equal circle diameter variation factors as shown in Table 27 thus.According to the method assessment photographic property identical with embodiment 1.The results are shown in Table shown in 27.
Table 27
| Sample | Emulsion | ECD (μm) * | COV of ECD(％) | Thickness (μ m) * | Electronics causes the concentration (the local silver of mol/mol) at center: * * | Surface content of iodine (mol%) | Dislocation line length | Light sensitivity | Explanation |
| 1701 1702 1703 1704 1705 1706 | D-1 D-2 D-3 D-4 D-5 D-6 | 3.7 | 55 45 38 30 24 19 | 0.23 | 1×10 -4 | 2.4 | 0.07 | 100 102 145 150 160 165 | Of the present invention of the present invention |
| 1711 1712 1713 1714 1715 1716 | D-7 D-8 D-9 D-10 D-11 D-12 | 3.2 | 55 45 38 30 24 19 | 0.23 | 1×10 -4 | 2.4 | 0.07 | 100 101 103 103 104 104 | Contrast contrast contrast contrast contrast contrast |
| 1721 1722 1723 1724 1725 1726 | D-13 D-14 D-15 D-16 D-17 D-18 | 2.7 | 55 45 38 30 24 19 | 0.23 | 1×10 -4 | 2.4 | 0.07 | 100 102 103 103 104 105 | Contrast contrast contrast contrast contrast contrast |
ECD=equal circle diameter COV=variation factor
*In all particles 50% or more granose value
*Wherein exist electronics to trigger that electronics triggers the concentration at center in the zone at center
* *The light sensitivity of sample 1701-1706 is that the light sensitivity of assumes samples 1701 is 100 relative value
The light sensitivity of sample 1711-1716 is that the light sensitivity of assumes samples 1711 is 100 relative value
The light sensitivity of sample 1721-1726 is that the light sensitivity of assumes samples 1721 is 100 relative value
Not among the sample 1711-1716 and sample 1721-1726 within the scope of the invention, even change the equal circle diameter variation factor, performance change is also very little at equal circle diameter.But, among the sample 1701-1706 within equal circle diameter is in the scope of the invention, when the equal circle diameter variation factor is 40% or more hour, advantage of the present invention can embody very significantly.
Embodiment 18
The formation of sample 1802-1807
The emulsion that use makes in embodiment 14 (A-1) to (A-6) is replaced emulsion I-a and the H-b in the 11th layer, forms sample 1802-1807 thus.
Assess these samples according to the method identical with embodiment 5.
Measure the density of respectively washing sample by green filter, to assess its photographic property.Light sensitivity is shown in Table 28 with the relative value ecbatic of the inverse of the needed exposure of fuchsin density that reaches ashing density+0.2.
Table 28
| Sample | Emulsion | ECD * μm | Thickness * μm | Electronics triggers the concentration (the local silver of mol/mol) at center ** | Light sensitivity | Explanation |
| 1802 | A-1 | 3.7 | 0.23 | 0 | 100 | Contrast |
| 1803 | A-2 | 3.7 | 0.23 | 1×10 -6 | 105 | Contrast |
| 1804 | A-3 | 3.7 | 0.23 | 5×10 -5 | 110 | The present invention |
| 1805 | A-4 | 3.7 | 0.23 | 1×10 -4 | 140 | The present invention |
| 1806 | A-5 | 3.7 | 0.23 | 5×10 -4 | 140 | The present invention |
| 1807 | A-6 | 3.7 | 0.23 | 5×10 -3 | 120 | The present invention |
The ECD=equal circle diameter
*In all particles 50% or more granose value
*Wherein exist electronics to trigger that electronics triggers the concentration at center in the zone at center
Be similar to the result of embodiment 14, even advantage of the present invention also is significant in the colour negative multilayer.
Also be evaluated among the embodiment 14 other emulsions of preparation similarly, even and in the colour negative multilayer, also find to have similar mutual relationship.
Though described the present invention with the reference implementation scheme, scope of the present invention never only limits to these concrete descriptions, except as otherwise noted.Scope of the present invention should be carried out wideer explanation in the spirit and scope of claims.
Claims (19)
1, a kind of silver halide photographic emulsions that comprise particle, it is to be 15 by use molecular weight during the nucleation step, 000-40,000 oxidized gelatin preparation, wherein, the distribution variation coefficent of the equal circle diameter of all particles is 40% or lower, and 50% in all amounts of particles or higher all meet the following conditions (i)-(iii):
(i) iodine silver bromide or bromine chlorosulfonylation silver strip shape particle have (111) face as first type surface;
(ii) equal circle diameter is 3.5-10 μ m, and thickness is 0.077-0.25 μ m, and
(iii) the distance between the twin plane of platy shaped particle is 0.008-0.016 μ m, and its variation factor is 16-40%.
2, emulsion as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the distribution variation coefficent of the thickness of all particles is 40% or lower, and the distribution variation coefficent of the distance between the twin plane of all particles is 40% or lower.
3, emulsion as claimed in claim 1, wherein, platy shaped particle also meet the following conditions (iv) and (v):
(iv) the content range of silver iodide is 0.7I-1.3I, and wherein I represents the average silver iodide content when preparing that calculates with molar percentage, and 0.3＜I＜20, and
(v) each particle is at marginal portion existence ten or more a plurality of dislocation line.
4, emulsion as claimed in claim 3, wherein, condition scope (iv) is 0.8I-1.2I.
5, emulsion as claimed in claim 3, wherein, platy shaped particle also meet the following conditions (vi):
(vi) dislocation line only is confined to the edge part office of particle.
6, emulsion as claimed in claim 5, wherein, platy shaped particle also meet the following conditions (vii):
(vii) there is the electron capture zone.
7, emulsion as claimed in claim 6, wherein, the average surface iodide content of all particles is 5mol% or lower.
8, emulsion as claimed in claim 6, wherein, each platy shaped particle has 10 or more a plurality of dislocation line, and the length of every line is 0.05D or higher, and wherein D represents equal circle diameter.
9, emulsion as claimed in claim 3, wherein, platy shaped particle further meet the following conditions (viii):
(viii) the mean value of the long limit of all particles/minor face ratio is 1.4 or lower.
10, emulsion as claimed in claim 3, wherein, (dislocation line quantity v) is that each particle is 30 or more to condition, in all amounts of particles 80% or mostly are platy shaped particles with the dislocation line that is confined to the edge part office, and the ratio of (100) surface area and side surface area is 40% or bigger.
11, emulsion as claimed in claim 3, wherein, platy shaped particle also meet the following conditions (ix):
(ix) average silver iodide content of marginal portion is than the high 2mol% of average silver iodide content of core or more.
12, emulsion as claimed in claim 6, wherein, emulsion prepares by use three kinds of gelatin when particle forms at least.
13, emulsion as claimed in claim 6, wherein, emulsion prepares by adding crystal behavior controlling agent during forming at particle.
14, emulsion as claimed in claim 6, wherein, the distribution coefficient of the equal circle diameter of all particles is 25% or lower.
15, emulsion as claimed in claim 6, wherein, condition equal circle diameter and thickness (ii) is respectively 3.5 μ m or bigger and 0.15 μ m or lower.
16, emulsion as claimed in claim 6, wherein, condition equal circle diameter and thickness (ii) is respectively 4.0 μ m or bigger and 0.15 μ m or lower.
17, emulsion as claimed in claim 6, wherein, condition equal circle diameter and thickness (ii) is respectively 4.0 μ m or bigger and 0.10 μ m or lower.
18, have the photosensitive silve halide material of sensitive emulsion layer on a kind of carrier, described emulsion layer comprises silver halide photographic emulsions as claimed in claim 1.
19, material as claimed in claim 18, wherein, this material comprises at least one and feels blue silver halide emulsion layer, at least one green silver halide emulsion layer and at least one red sensing coppering silver emulsion layer on carrier, and at least one red sensing coppering silver emulsion layer at least one is more farther than at least one green silver halide emulsion layer at least one apart from the distance of carrier.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000193162A JP4102004B2 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2000-06-27 | Silver halide photographic emulsion and silver halide photographic light-sensitive material using the same |
| JP193162/2000 | 2000-06-27 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1331432A CN1331432A (en) | 2002-01-16 |
| CN1329776C true CN1329776C (en) | 2007-08-01 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB001362224A Expired - Fee Related CN1329776C (en) | 2000-06-27 | 2000-12-14 | Silver halide photographic emulsion and silver halide sensitive material using such emulsion |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5219720A (en) * | 1990-05-14 | 1993-06-15 | Eastman Kodak Company | Silver halide grains having small twin-plane separations |
| US5496694A (en) * | 1993-03-02 | 1996-03-05 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material |
| US5498516A (en) * | 1992-05-14 | 1996-03-12 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material |
| JPH08334850A (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 1996-12-17 | Konica Corp | Silver halide photographic emulsion and silver halide color photographic sensitive material |
| CN1153561A (en) * | 1995-03-29 | 1997-07-02 | 伊斯曼柯达公司 | Tabular grain emulsions contg. restricted high iodide surface phase |
-
2000
- 2000-12-14 CN CNB001362224A patent/CN1329776C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5219720A (en) * | 1990-05-14 | 1993-06-15 | Eastman Kodak Company | Silver halide grains having small twin-plane separations |
| US5498516A (en) * | 1992-05-14 | 1996-03-12 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material |
| US5496694A (en) * | 1993-03-02 | 1996-03-05 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material |
| CN1153561A (en) * | 1995-03-29 | 1997-07-02 | 伊斯曼柯达公司 | Tabular grain emulsions contg. restricted high iodide surface phase |
| JPH08334850A (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 1996-12-17 | Konica Corp | Silver halide photographic emulsion and silver halide color photographic sensitive material |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1331432A (en) | 2002-01-16 |
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