CN1327199C - Heat flux measurement pipe and method for deter mining sprinkler water delivery requirement - Google Patents

Heat flux measurement pipe and method for deter mining sprinkler water delivery requirement Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1327199C
CN1327199C CNB028098358A CN02809835A CN1327199C CN 1327199 C CN1327199 C CN 1327199C CN B028098358 A CNB028098358 A CN B028098358A CN 02809835 A CN02809835 A CN 02809835A CN 1327199 C CN1327199 C CN 1327199C
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thermoflux
heat flux
sprinkler
temperature
outer tube
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CN1509407A (en
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R·L·阿尔佩特
J·L·德里斯
L·奥尔洛夫
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FACTORY MUTUAL INSURANCE Co
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FM GLOBLE TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K17/00—Measuring quantity of heat
    • G01K17/06—Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems e.g. the quantity of heat in a transporting medium, delivered to or consumed in an expenditure device
    • G01K17/08—Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems e.g. the quantity of heat in a transporting medium, delivered to or consumed in an expenditure device based upon measurement of temperature difference or of a temperature
    • G01K17/20—Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems e.g. the quantity of heat in a transporting medium, delivered to or consumed in an expenditure device based upon measurement of temperature difference or of a temperature across a radiating surface, combined with ascertainment of the heat transmission coefficient
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K17/00—Measuring quantity of heat
    • G01K17/06—Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems e.g. the quantity of heat in a transporting medium, delivered to or consumed in an expenditure device
    • G01K17/08—Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems e.g. the quantity of heat in a transporting medium, delivered to or consumed in an expenditure device based upon measurement of temperature difference or of a temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/50—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating flash-point; by investigating explosibility

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)

Abstract

A device (1) is provided for measuring heat flux from a test material exposed to a flame. The device is comprised of an elongate element (10) defining a passageway (14) for a fluid, a fluid flowing through the passageway (14), means for measuring the rate of water flow through the passageway, and a plurality of temperature-sensing elements (22a-22g) positioned along the passageway and within the elongate element. The temperature-sensing elements are spaced from one another longitudinally with respect to the passageway. A method of evaluating fire hazards of materials in standard tests is provided which comprises measuring heat flux distribution in test fires at the moment when sprinklers would have sensed the fire and be activated, and determining the rate of sprinkler water delivery rate that will absorb the heat flux, thus controlling spread of the fire.

Description

Determine the method for sprinkler discharge
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of definite sprinkler output so that the method for controlling fires.The present invention also relates to a kind of device of measuring thermoflux, especially with the test of fire-fighting, material combustion with determine that the sprinkler output is relevant.
Background technology
Store the fire of expression often by suppressing or control the required sprinkler water supply flow velocity of this material combustion to obtain sign by a given material.The current techniques that is used to characterize fire is to test repeatedly, wherein: ignition-material; Allow that the burning increase is detected by sprinkler up to it; The sprinkler startup is supplied water to the fire place then.Water supply density, promptly the sprinkler output of per unit floor area systematically increases up to the output that reaches the control burning.Must carry out standard testing many times with same material, determine the required sprinkler output of control incendiary material burning.These repeated tests have consumed a large amount of manpowers and material, and are therefore very expensive and consuming time.
According to the chemical rate of heat release of burning and the thermoflux of sending, the seriousness of assessment fire and disaster.Thermoflux is defined as the energy conveying capacity of per unit surface area.Generally, the thermoflux unit of using: kilowatt/square metre or Btu (BTU)/square foot per minute represent.In the many scientific domains that comprise many material combustion tests, the measurement of thermoflux is very important.The thermoflux of sending by incendiary material can play igniting or combustion-supporting near the effect of material.In a known proving installation, gas range is placed test material in the bottom of two parallel panels and between it on this panel, for example fire proofing such as polyurethane insulating material.The thermoflux that records in this parallel panel test provides valuable information at test material aspect the reaction of burner flame.
Effective instrument and equipment of measuring at present thermoflux needs could use after complexity, the installation consuming time, and in very serious fire hazard environment, it also is not enough to bear use repeatedly.Traditional testing tool comprises water-cooled thermoflux meter usually, and it needs to install separately, for example is directly installed on the panel of bearing test material.Between the operating period, these instrument are exposed in the flame.Before test and afterwards, the calibration that each thermoflux meter must carry out is very consuming time, and is destroyed or impact because their sensing element is subjected to the deposition of flame impingement, coal smoke and other rough burning product easily.Thermoflux meter calibrating constant when calibrating after the test produces the uncertainty of measuring thus because impact is drifted about.In addition, the thermoflux meter is independent water-cooled and installation, so that observe flame by the hole of boring in material and the supporting structure.This has increased the time and the expense of test procedure, and the installable thermoflux measuring station quantity of strict restriction.In some combustion testing structure, commodity classification for example, owing to be difficult to protect water cooling pipeline and electric wiring in height disaster place, it is unpractiaca that the thermoflux meter is installed.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of cheap, device that easy-on is used to measure heat flux distribution.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of straightforward procedure of measuring heat flux distribution.
Another purpose of the present invention provides the device of the heat flux distribution of a kind of durable measurement gas range or combustion testing device.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of according to the aflame thermoflux measurement result estimation of test fire hazard degree methods.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method of estimating the combustion fuel total heat transfer according to the heat flux measurements of space distribution.Total heat transfer is defined as thermoflux and receives the product of the area of this thermoflux.Generally, the unit of total heat transfer be kilowatt or BTU (Btu)/minute.
A further object of the present invention provides the Method for Area that a kind of calculating is conducted heat to material.
Another purpose of the present invention provides the combustion fuel total heat transfer that a kind of basis records, the method for the discharge that the sprinkler of definite control burning is required.
A further object of the present invention is to comprise a single test, and it can determine to control the known materials required discharge of necessary sprinkler of burning.
Particularly, the present invention proposes a kind of method of determining to control from least one sprinkler the required sprinkler discharge of burning, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Measure the space heat flux distribution of incendiary material in the test burning;
Calculate the available heat flux q of incendiary material 0And
Calculating absorbs the sprinkler water discharge capacity of the required per unit exposed material area that conducts heat by the water evaporation m w n = q 0 / L , Wherein L is the required heat of ev u quality water;
Described method also comprises: the sprinkler discharge of the per unit floor area that the calculation control material combustion is required D = m w n a f = q 0 a f / L , A wherein fIt is the exposed material area of per unit floor area.
In addition, implement the measurement of described heat flux distribution with at least one or a plurality of thermoflux measuring tube, described measuring tube comprises: one limits the extended part of fluid passage; A kind of fluid of the described passage of flowing through; Measure the equipment of described fluid flow; And a plurality of temperature-sensing elements, it is along described passage and be positioned at described extended part and settle, and described temperature-sensing element vertically separates each other with respect to described passage.
Described extended part comprises outer tube, is positioned at the inner core of outer tube and the spiral rib on the inner core, and it is spirality that wherein said spiral rib snugly meshes described outer tube so that limit described passage.
Described temperature-sensing element has lead, and it passes the top that described passage extends lengthwise into described extended part.
Described passage is an axially extended helical duct in described extended part.
Described helical duct is narrowed down so that impel described fluid to advance in the racing spiral.
Described extended part comprises outer tube, is positioned at the inner core of outer tube and the spiral rib on the inner core, and wherein said spiral rib snugly meshes described outer tube to limit described helical duct.
Described temperature-sensing element has lead, and it passes the top that described passage extends lengthwise into described extended part.
The step of the space heat flux distribution of incendiary material comprises in the described measurement test burning: with at least one test material sample orientation; With the described sample of flame heat; Near described sample, place at least one overall elongated equipment, it limits the runner of a liquid flow, and a plurality of temperature-sensing elements in flow channel for liquids of having packed into, so that the protection temperature-sensing element is not subjected to flame from damaging; And the fluid flow of measuring the described equipment of flowing through.
Described placement step comprises: described integral device is placed on the appropriate location, and this integral device is subjected to flame impingement on this position.
Also comprise: during measuring, keep described integral device and sample to disconnect at least.
Be the method that the present invention proposes can determine to control the required sprinkler discharge of burning, this method comprises: measure the space heat flux distribution in the combustion testing; Calculate the available heat flux that material surface receives; And calculate and utilize the vaporization required required sprinkler output of this thermoflux of energy absorption that supplies water m w n = q 0 / L , Wherein L is the required heat of ev u quality water.By reducing or eliminating multiple and increasing the needs of testing, method of the present invention has solved the problem that exists in the conventional method.Just had been found that before sprinkler detects the moment of burning the required sprinkler output of control article is directly proportional (product that is flame thermoflux and flame area) with the total heat transfer of fuel, described burning causes the sprinkler valve open and supplies water to burning place.According to the water evaporation heat, calculate proportionality constant easily, just, under the heat flux conditions that per unit applies, water converts the amount of steam to.
By the present invention, can from single test, determine the required sprinkler water yield of control material burning.Method of the present invention can be estimated material fire hazard degree according to heat flux measurements.The required sprinkler discharge of controlling in a collection of burning article such as the warehouse of article is directly proportional with the thermoflux on commodity surface.In free combustion flame, pass to the thermoflux of thermoflux measuring tube of the present invention and suppress the required discharge of fire closely related.
The thermoflux meter that is fixed on test panel that replacement is installed separately in order to measure each thermoflux of highly locating in the combustion testing, thermoflux measuring tube of the present invention or equipment are a kind of integral device, it can measure the thermoflux along its length simultaneously.Thermoflux measuring tube of the present invention is highly stable and solid, does not have moving-member, and is positioned in the proving installation easily.This thermoflux measuring tube does not need to be connected on the panel of bearing test material.On the contrary, it can only be positioned near the panel or between, for example be bearing on the wheel bracket.
This thermoflux measuring tube is a water cooling tube, and it utilizes along the last water temperature of the distance of the screw type aquaporin in water stream channel such as the pipeline and changes.Outer tube tightly is assemblied on the inner core, screw type aquaporin machine work moulding in inner core.The thermopair of measuring water temperature in the aquaporin in aquaporin is fixed on the core at intervals, and adjacent thermopair limits the aquaporin part between them.Under stable state, can determine each aquaporin heat-conducting ratio partly according to the product of water temperature difference between the quality flow that flows into or flow out this part and this part entrance and exit.Therefore, only need to measure whole quality flows and water temperature, determine the space distribution of pipe heat-transfer along passage diverse location place.The water temperature at the every part entrance and exit of thermocouple measurement aquaporin place.By forcing water between outer tube and core, to flow in the racing spiral in the ring body, guarantee that any space heterogeneity obtains balance, improve and conduct heat and the generation water temperature, this water temperature is represented the average heat transfer of each pipe section.According to water temperature and the pipeline geometry measured, use the known calculations formula can be easy to determine the thermoflux grade.
Thermoflux measuring tube of the present invention can be measured heat flux distribution from standard testing flame, estimate the fire order of severity of typical warehouse article, and the required sprinkler output of definite controlling fires.
Therefore, use the thermoflux measuring tube to measure the thermoflux space distribution in comprising the fire of test material, can determine the sprinkler output in view of the above, water will absorb thermoflux to convert steam to.When aflame thermoflux is absorbed, fire will stop to stretch and extinguishing.The method of this estimation fire must be considered multiple test according to the heat flux measurements of single test rather than as prior art, determines essential sprinkler output.
Description of drawings
Use accompanying drawing to illustrate one embodiment of the present of invention in more detail, here, identical Reference numeral is represented identical feature.
Fig. 1 is that it is positioned at the position of corrosion chamber according to thermoflux measuring tube perspective illustration of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the xsect of Fig. 1 thermoflux measuring tube, has wherein deleted a part.
Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of temperature sensor deployment scenarios in Fig. 1 thermoflux measuring tube.
Fig. 4 is the synoptic diagram of corrosion chamber, and it uses according to thermoflux measuring tube of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the diagrammatic representation of the vertical and horizontal distribution of heating power flux in Fig. 4 burning test equipment.
Fig. 6 is a sketch of representing how to determine effective thermoflux and length from the vertical and horizontal heat flux distribution of the measurement shown in Fig. 5.
Embodiment
From Fig. 1, can see, with Reference numeral 1 represent usually that according to thermoflux measuring equipment of the present invention or thermoflux measuring tube it is designed to be installed in the proving installation 4, be used for the flame characteristics of test material.Thermoflux measuring equipment 1 operates on the vertical length of proving installation 4, and proving installation 4 comprises the test sample plate 6 of gas range 2 and material to be tested.Flow through measuring water flow equipment 3 and be connected to the water inlet pipe 8 at this equipment top of cold water enter thermoflux measuring equipment 1, and hot water flows out the rising pipe 10 that is connected to this device bottom.The product that the water temperature segmentation that discharge and current produce through equipment 1 increases, the heat transfer of expression from the flame 5 of gas range 2 and material model 6 to be tested to equipment 1 distributes.From conducting heat distribution, this can obtain information about the flammability feature of model 6.
Can see that from Fig. 2 thermoflux measuring equipment 1 has core 12, it can be cylindrical usually and make with aluminium.Core 12 usefulness machined into form helicla flute, and it has been determined reduced part 20 and has prolonged core length.Be machined into and stay spiral rib 16 on the core 12, it snugly meshes the inboard of outer tube 18, and outer tube 18 defines the outside of thermoflux measuring equipment 1.Outer tube 18 can be made with steel.Reduced part 20 defines the inner radial surface of spiral aquaporin 14.Water inlet pipe 8 (Fig. 1) is connected to the top of passage 14, and rising pipe 10 (Fig. 1) is connected to the bottom of passage 14.Typically, the core external diameter is about 0.74 inch; The spacing of curling up of rib is about 0.5 inch; Rib 16 is about 0.125 inch wide; The spacing of outer tube 18 inside surfaces and core 12 reduced parts 20 is about 0.135 inch.Diagram thermocouple wire 24 extends the top and the bottom of knockout.Lead 24 parts that extend through passage 14 are not shown.
Can see that from Fig. 2 thermopair 22a-22g is positioned at along on the interval location of core spiral aquaporin 14.Illustrate thermopair among Fig. 3 and arrange synoptic diagram.Thermocouple wire passes passage 14 around core 12 spirally and arrives the channel outlet that is positioned at thermoflux measuring equipment 1 bottom, arrives the measuring position then, measures the thermopair differential voltage on this position.Usually, thermopair is the sensing element with end to end two different metal conductors, and when heating, joint produces voltage difference between two conductors.The temperature of thermocouple wire can use standard scale to determine from voltage difference.In the present invention, thermopair 22a-22g is used for measuring and flows through the water of thermoflux measuring equipment 1 in they locational separately temperature.The product of the temperature difference is the heat gain in the pipe section between these thermopairs between discharge and adjacent heat galvanic couple.This heat gain is divided by the long-pending local heat flux that draws of pipe surface between the adjacent heat galvanic couple.
Lead 24 extends up through passage 14 from thermopair 22a-22g, and passes at the top of equipment 1.For this reason, adjacent to passage 14 inlet, pass inner core 12 and form ports, lead extends through elastic plug in the port in waterproof mode.Alternatively arrange to be used for lead 24 is extended equipment.In the embodiment shown, the top to the lead 24 of each thermopair 22a-22g from thermoflux measuring equipment 1 extends through spiral aquaporin 14 downwards.Lead to each thermopair 22a-22g has different length so that hanged thermocouple junction on each position of helical duct 14, and described joint is axially offset from one another along the axis of thermoflux measuring equipment 1.Thermoflux measuring equipment 1 has 7 thermopair 22a-22g, calculates 0.5,1.5,2.5,3.5,5.5,7 and 9 foot at interval of their difference from the bottom.This provides bigger resolution at interval in the combustion zone.Illustrate among Fig. 2 and be positioned at along the locational thermopair 22a of the demonstration of helical duct 14,22f and 22g.Not shown other thermopair in Fig. 2.Other is spaced also may be useful.Thermopair 22a-22g can be the chromel-alumel thermopair of unearthed connection.According to known rule, lead 24 end points relative with thermopair 22a-22g contact are connected to the equipment that is used to write down temperature and/or calculates thermoflux.
Use electronic flow-meter 3 (shown in Fig. 1) discharge of the pipeline of flowing through to be measured as+GF+Signet8511Micro FlowSensor.As shown in fig. 1, this equipment is installed on the water inlet 8 of thermoflux measuring equipment 1.The lead of flowmeter (not shown) leads to the measuring instrument station, writes down thermocouple signal and discharge here simultaneously.Thermoflux on thermoflux measuring equipment 1 certain part is that the product of discharge, water specific heat (using unit representation: as joule/gram degree centigrade C or BTU (British thermal unit (BTU))/pound degrees Fahrenheit F) and the water temperature difference that flows into, flows out this part respectively is divided by this part external surface area of pipeline.Thereby, 7 thermocouple locations in embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 along this pipeline and paired adjacent heat galvanic couple between the corresponding position of mid point on provide 6 thermofluxs to measure.Use the computer based data-acquisition system to measure each thermoflux simultaneously.The calibration of this equipment only needs flow measurement equipment 3 to carry out initial calibration and thermopair offset voltage difference is carried out small calibration, and this calibration is derived from the prerun thermoflux is measured easily.
Thermoflux measuring equipment 1 has than minor diameter so that it does not disturb near flame or the flame air-flow, therefore guarantees that equipment itself does not change the measurement of flame thermoflux.To ring body diameter and discharge select so that: (1) guarantees the efficient heat transfer from pipeline to the water logging thermopair; (2) guarantee that the temperature difference between thermopair is enough big so that accurately measured, but just seethe with excitement really not so causing greatly before the water discharge pipe road; (3) guarantee that it will be response transition burning behavior that thermoflux is measured; (4) guarantee that the reasonable hydraulic pressure that passes pipeline falls.
Thermoflux measuring equipment 1 is processed into the solid instrument of easy Installation And Calibration, has therefore significantly reduced time and the work that is spent in the combustion testing structure is installed.It is placed in the extensive standard combustion testing of existing great majority easily.Equipment 1 is water-cooled and highly durable, does not comprise the sensing element that is exposed in the flame.
Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 illustrate the total heat transfer estimation that the method according to this invention is measured the spatial dimension of heating power flux and passed to test material.In Fig. 4, test material 31 is installed on the wall construction and lights, and subsequently, flame is along wall surface 32 diffusions.As shown in Figure 5, the heat pipe 33 and 34 adjacent with described wall provides the horizontal distribution 35 and the vertical distribution 36 of heating power flux.As selection, can use the linear array of thermoflux meter to replace heat pipe 33 and 34 to implement method of the present invention.Every area under a curve represents that thermoflux is with respect to the integration along the distance of horizontal heat pipe 33 or vertical thermal conduit 34.Calculate the total heat transfer that passes to comburant by integrating meter in the horizontal and vertical directions.Thermoflux is measured the also spatial dimension of expression burning, and promptly horizontal 35a-35b and vertical 36a-36b therefrom can release combustion surfacearea.
For the total heat transfer of simplifying test material calculates, replace measured thermoflux level or vertical distribution with available heat flux and effective width (or height).Fig. 6 represents how to calculate available heat flux q from measured heat flux distributes 0With effective width l.Use first to set the available heat flux q that can determine thermoflux 0With effective width l,
l q 0 = ∫ ‾ ∞ ∞ f ( x ) dx
Select to minimize the q of integration then 0And l
B = ∫ ‾ ∞ ∞ [ f ( x ) - q ( x ) ] 2 dx
Here f (x) is the thermoflux variable of measuring that becomes with distance, and x and q (x) are with apart from the available heat flux q that becomes 0Variable is at described width (or height) the last q of l (x)=q 0, in this width (or height) outside, q (x) equals 0.This process can be applied in the horizontal or vertical distribution.
Need to absorb thermoflux q 0The water-mass density m of per unit material surface area w nEqual q 0/ L, L is used to vaporize the heat of sprinkler water of unit mass here.The fire protection engineer uses the sprinkler discharge of per unit floor area to represent the sprinkler discharge D of needs, and unit is mm/ minute or gallon every square feet of per minute.Calculate D, need the amount of material surface area of the exposure of per unit floor area.Therefore, set a fBe the ratio of material surface area divided by relevant area of floor surface.In comprising the combustion testing structure of vertical and horizontal material surface, the most relevant with vertical surface usually.Use this definition, need the sprinkler discharge of control burning to be:
D = m w n a f = q 0 a f L
A wherein fIt is the material area of the exposure of per unit floor area.
Here suppose that sprinkler water can reach maximum exposure test material surface area.In addition, suppose that water arrives burning surface fast enough and do not dispersed by the fire plume that in big flame very, rises.
When sprinkler may detect fire and start, according to they relative fire or control the sprinkler discharge of the required per unit surface area of this fire, often test material is classified.
Though describe the present invention in detail about preferred embodiment, obviously, those skilled in the art can make amendment according to the above description and improve and not break away from more wide region of the present invention, therefore, be intended to cover all these as defined the present invention in claims and fall into modification and improvement in the true spirit scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1, a kind of method of determining to control from least one sprinkler the required sprinkler discharge of burning is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Measure the space heat flux distribution of incendiary material in the test burning;
Calculate the available heat flux q of incendiary material 0And
Calculating absorbs the sprinkler water discharge capacity of the required per unit exposed material area that conducts heat by the water evaporation m w n = q 0 / L , wherein L is the required heat of ev u quality water;
Described method also comprises: the sprinkler discharge of the per unit floor area that the calculation control material combustion is required D = m w n a f = q 0 a f / L , a wherein fIt is the exposed material area of per unit floor area.
2, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, implements the measurement of described heat flux distribution with at least one or a plurality of thermoflux measuring tube, and described measuring tube comprises:
One limits the extended part of fluid passage;
A kind of fluid of the described passage of flowing through;
Measure the equipment of described fluid flow; And
A plurality of temperature-sensing elements, it is along described passage and be positioned at described extended part and settle, and described temperature-sensing element vertically separates each other with respect to described passage.
3, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described extended part comprises outer tube, is positioned at the inner core of outer tube and the spiral rib on the inner core, and it is spirality that wherein said spiral rib snugly meshes described outer tube so that limit described passage.
4, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described temperature-sensing element has lead, and it passes the top that described passage extends lengthwise into described extended part.
5, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described passage is an axially extended helical duct in described extended part.
6, method as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described helical duct is narrowed down so that impel described fluid to advance in the racing spiral.
7, method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described extended part comprises outer tube, is positioned at the inner core of outer tube and the spiral rib on the inner core, and wherein said spiral rib snugly meshes described outer tube to limit described helical duct.
8, method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, described temperature-sensing element has lead, and it passes the top that described passage extends lengthwise into described extended part.
9, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the step of the space heat flux distribution of incendiary material comprises in the described measurement test burning:
With at least one test material sample orientation;
With the described sample of flame heat;
Near described sample, place at least one overall elongated equipment, it limits the runner of a liquid flow, and a plurality of temperature-sensing elements in flow channel for liquids of having packed into, so that the protection temperature-sensing element is not subjected to flame from damaging; And
The flow through fluid flow of described equipment of measurement.
10, method as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that, described placement step comprises: described integral device is placed on the appropriate location, and this integral device is subjected to flame impingement on this position.
11, method as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, also comprises: during measuring, keep described integral device and sample to disconnect at least.
CNB028098358A 2001-03-13 2002-03-12 Heat flux measurement pipe and method for deter mining sprinkler water delivery requirement Expired - Fee Related CN1327199C (en)

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US09/804,075 US6499357B2 (en) 2001-03-13 2001-03-13 Heat flux measurement pipe and method for determining sprinkler water delivery requirement

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CN1327199C true CN1327199C (en) 2007-07-18

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EP1409987B1 (en) 2010-06-23
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US6499357B2 (en) 2002-12-31
US20030070493A1 (en) 2003-04-17

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