CN1324441C - Chinese-character 'Hanzheng code' encode method and its keyboard - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a 'Hanzheng code' Chinese character coding method and a keyboard thereof. The method is a novel computer Chinese character input method according to the configuration rule and writing strokes of Chinese characters by utilizing a specially designed keyboard to input Chinese characters. The present invention is characterized in that 25 English letter keys (except Z) on a computer keyboard are divided into five areas according to five basic strokes of a horizontal stroke, a vertical stroke, a left-falling stroke, a dot stroke and a Henggou stroke of Chinese characters; each area has five positions of a horizontal stroke, a vertical stroke, a left-falling stroke, a dot stroke and a Hengzhe stroke; Chinese characters are respectively corresponding to an area number and a position number according to a writing stroke combination to obtain a code. The present invention excellently represents the development, the change, the configuration rule and the cognition and the writing habits of Chinese characters, and conforms to relevant language and character standards of China with the characteristics of being concise, easy to learn, rapid and practical.

Description

A kind of computer Chinese input method

Technical field

A kind of computer Chinese input method, particularly a kind of configuration rule and stroke writing thereof according to Chinese character utilize the keyboard of particular design to carry out the novel computer input method of Chinese character that Chinese character is imported.

Background technology

Computer Chinese character input technology can be divided into keyboard technique and non-keyboard technology from the angular divisions of instrument.The core of keyboard technique is a Hanzi coding scheme.It can be interpreted as rule and the method that Chinese character and computer keyboard are connected simply.According to the rationality of this contact, it can be divided into reasonable sign indicating number and unreasonable sign indicating number again.Reasonable sign indicating number is divided into two classes again, and a class is the pronunciation according to Chinese character, centers on the sound sign indicating number that the Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet is encoded; One class is the font style characteristic according to Chinese character, the font code of encoding around the configuration unit (parts) of Chinese character.It is introduced that the various Hanzi coding schemes of having invented at present have nearly thousand kinds, what wherein have practical value has hundreds of, and finishes only tens kinds of Application and Development.Various general Hanzi coding schemes have his own strong points, and limitation is also respectively arranged.For the sound sign indicating number, the Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet is a kind of phonetic symbol system of Chinese character, and itself can not spell out Chinese character, does not have essential inner link with character cultural.Only according to phonetic, Chinese are difficult to understand, and the foreigner does not understand that more its science, rationality still await further perfect.Simultaneously, the become literate existence of difference and a large amount of phonetically similar words (speech) of the limitation of quantity and pronunciation of people is the obstacle that the sound sign indicating number can't be gone beyond.For font code, it thinks that Chinese character is made up of parts, must determine earlier parts to be fixed on the corresponding key position then.Yet for the understanding of parts (choose and classify), academia is difficult to reach common understanding always, the result is different people, different views, each Xingqi thing, even phenomenon of tearing open firmly estranged appearred, not only disturbed the correct understanding of people, and the middle and primary schools' character learning and the education of writing have been produced negative effect character cultural.Simultaneously, parts are chosen lack of standardization and cause thus quantitative than big-difference (not waiting) from tens～hundreds of, cause big difficulty for study and use., first chaotic situation flourishing first for encode Chinese characters for computer, numerous computer users, hacker, scholar expert, state functionaries all have ever made active responding, and cognitive consonance---and encode Chinese characters for computer will be moved towards standard.Target is set, how make great efforts, problem still, why? the first, because specific historical background, the matter of utmost importance that the research of encode Chinese characters for computer originally faces is how can Chinese character and " enter " computing machine.Regrettably, from then on the research in this field but break through pragmatistic limitation never again and rise to cultural layer.We think, Hanzi coding scheme that any and character cultural intension lack essential connection is real success at last all.Correct thinking, Hanzi coding scheme at first should be the reflection and the embodiment of character cultural intension, be to the succession of character cultural and develop, and the practicality problem should also will inevitably be derived from by the cultural connotation and the vitality of Chinese character itself, and is directly proportional with the degree of depth that the character cultural intension is understood.Second, then be absorbed in thinking mistaken ideas in concrete research: Chinese character is split as parts, unit construction, and to become Chinese character be a reversible process, and this process is pervasive (being suitable for all Chinese characters), thereby the subject matter of standard Chinese character coding is exactly the standard Chinese character component parts.We think that this process is reversible but not pervasive, realize that the standardization of whole Hanzi components is difficult to accomplish.Illustrate." car pusher " (tractor) splits into parts, and unit construction becomes car load, and the function and the character of " car pusher " are constant.As the ways and means of understanding things, " living ox " (cattle on the hoof) also can be decomposed into different ingredients, but but must not be combined into a first-born ox with these different ingredients.The hard work of doing like this, what obtain can only be dead ox.Represent pictographic character with Sheng Niu, car pusher is represented phonogram, and these mistaken ideas are conspicuous.Different Chinese character constitutes different, and same component part role, residing status in different Chinese characters is different with aspect, and " parts " are different because of word, with the single standard weighing apparatus calmly different objects obviously lose science and rationality.In fact, perhaps declaring publicly by the end fruit with the research of the long-pending two thousand years of classification for the standard of Hanzi component: though standardization necessity of Hanzi component is not absolute, some problem can only be held and understanding from macroscopic view.If the standardization that really realized the parts of whole Chinese characters in a day is arranged, I think that must be to turn to cost with the loss of character cultural information and the common customs of Chinese character civilization.Say as the person with foresight: but the road, road very the road name can the name very the name.At the problem and shortage that the active computer input method of Chinese character exists, it is very necessary studying a kind of novel computer Chinese input method.

Summary of the invention

In view of existing problem in the above-mentioned prior art, the objective of the invention is to develop a kind of computer Chinese input method of desirable standard.This method is based on the following understanding to Chinese character: (1) Chinese character is an ideograph, has shape, sound, adopted three elements, and in three elements, body is the fundamental mark of Chinese character, is the sole mode of its existence, is the most basic key element; (2) as ideograph, the configuration of Chinese character is clocklike, understanding for this rule, the most authoritative is that " six scripts " said, be pictograph, self-explanatory characters, understanding, ideophone, metaideophone, make use of (because of metaideophone, make use of and do not produce new font, usually do not consider from the angle of configuration), wherein pictographic character is the configuration basis of Chinese character, phonogram is the main body of Chinese character, according to relevant scholar's statistics, in the merchant of the Yin Dynasty inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells, phonogram accounts for 27.24%, in the lesser seal character, promptly rise to 87.39%, then reach more than 90% (after the Song dynasty no change) again to the Song dynasty regular script; (3) existing architectonical Chinese character the earliest is the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells, develop into present simplified Chinese character from the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells, Chinese character has passed through the differentiation of five kinds of bodies,---inscription on ancient bronze objects---seal character---lishu---regular script that is the inscriptions on bones or tortoise shells, be divided into two stages of ancient Chinese prose and modern script traditionally, first, gold, seal character are the ancient Chinese prose stage, person in servitude, pattern are the modern script stage, ancient, the most important difference of modern script is the strokeization that the modern script lishu has been realized Chinese character all night, and finally finalize the design in regular script, basic stroke is summarised as five kinds of horizontal, vertical, left, points, discount.This method can satisfy three requirements: (1) is designed around the configuration rule of Chinese character; (2) based on pictographic character, be that main body is established disassembly principle with the phonogram; (3) with the stroke be the unit input of encoding.

A kind of computer Chinese input method of the present invention, be that space configuration rule according to Chinese character is split as block with Chinese character, then according to the stroke writing of each block, utilize keyboard to carry out the Chinese character input, belong to a kind of not fixing computer Chinese input method of radical.Its step is as follows:

A, carry out reverse fractionation, split pithy formula and be according to the space configuration rule of Chinese character:

Commissure is not separated to loose and is torn the form-pronunciation-meaning piece open and do not destroy

Generally tear open and do one or two polynary understandingly tear open successively;

The fractionation pithy formula is described as follows:

(1) according to the space structure of Chinese character relation, the Chinese character of the structure interval that has living space is split as block, to commissure together, do not have the Chinese character in space structure gap not split;

(2) pictographic character does not split, directive (quantity is few, but a hundred or so) generally also should not split, have only phonogram and associative compounds to split.Phonogram can only be split as two parts, associative compounds can be split as three parts above have only tens;

(3), only need to grasp a principle in actual use according to the profiling characteristic of Chinese character: general Chinese character or do not tear open, or be split as two parts;

(4) for configuration unit more than two-part Chinese character (associative compounds), split successively by sequential write, as crowd, product, doubt etc.;

B, determine code symbols: get preceding two of each block, be combined as following 25 kinds of code symbols by sequential write according to five kinds of basic strokes of Chinese character:

One Shu one Pie one Dian one Ya one by one

Shu one Shu Shu Shu Pie Shu Dian Shu Ya

Pie one Pie Shu Pie Pie Pie Dian Pie Ya

Dian one Dian Shu Dian Pie Dian Dian Dian Ya

Ya Yi Ya Shu Ya Pie Ya Dian Ya Ya

C, with on 25 kinds of code symbols and the keyboard except that Z 25 English alphabet keys of particular zones corresponding, pithy formula is:

One Shu Pie Dian Ya combination position, back, district coordinate earlier gets

Pithy formula is described as follows:

(2) 25 English alphabet keys of computer keyboard except that Z are divided into five districts, respectively with one, Shu, Pie, Dian, Ya indicate; Every region and five-position, also respectively with one, Shu, Pie, Dian, Ya indicate, the corresponding area code of the first stroke of every kind of stroke combination, second corresponding item, thereby make the corresponding a kind of combination of an English alphabet as follows:

(2) single is drawn in each district and all gets transverse presentation, and its corresponding relation is:

One---G, Shu---H, Pie---T, Dian---Y, Ya---N.

D, carry out Chinese character when input, the encode Chinese characters for computer input rule of establishment is:

Four 1 and end (, two, three, end)

Three tail sign indicating numbers are sat visitor's (one, two, three, three tails)

Two first earlier multiple tail sign indicating numbers (one, two, one tail, two tails)

Monolithic head and the tail cabrage is (initial and end, tail, tail) repeatedly

The encode Chinese characters for computer input rule is described as follows:

(1) Chinese character has only four parts to form at most, encodes successively by sequential write, as doubting---an ancient type of spoon, Shi, , Shu are encoded to QTCB (it is several that this type of Chinese character has only urgently, doubts etc., and mostly be secondary encode);

(2) be split as the Chinese character of three parts, last part replenishes a tail sign indicating number, but seldom uses in actual applications, and only standing tall and upright,---FFFH, prosperous---WWWG etc. are several;

(3) for being split as two-part Chinese character, each replenishes a tail sign indicating number every part;

(4) for the Chinese character that can not split, an additional tail sign indicating number (have only this class suffix sign indicating number commonly used, but negligible amounts), the folded again tail sign indicating number of using;

(5) first sign indicating number code taking principle:

Preceding two the discrete repeated codes of first codeword block have displacement

First sign indicating number code taking principle is described as follows:

(a). " block " is meant and splits the part that the back forms;

(b). for discrete repeated code, 16 blocks have been carried out displacement, (get pictograph) except that " Qe ", area code all remains unchanged:

Annotate: “ 亅 " be considered as rolling over;

(6): tail sign indicating number code taking principle:

Tail codeword block end is got disassembly principle and will be kept firmly in mind

Monolithic is seen two at pen end, feature end from configuration earlier

The explanation of tail sign indicating number code taking principle:

When (a) getting the tail sign indicating number,, must defer to disassembly principle, get the coding of last block if block is still detachable, as:---mouthful, Ah, Ah---Fu, can, be encoded to KBKA; Fort---guarantor, soil, protect---Ren, slow-witted is encoded to RFK; Circle---mouthful, Yuan, the member---mouth, shellfish are encoded to LKLM etc.;

(b) monolithic comprise the Chinese character that can not split and split after the part that can not split again, if the configuration relation is obvious and non-intersect, can get by the configuration relation,---mouthful, foot---ends etc. as Gu;

(c) be hard to tell or do not have structural relation, or get feature or get the end pen or get end two:

---get by feature, as:

Song, blood, ware---Shu Shu

Inferior, upright — — Ha already,

Four, west---youngster

---get end pen, as:

Horse, bird, fish, basis, silk, volume---one

In, half, towel, ox, string, rich, Wei---Shu

, lance, corpse, less, drag,---Pie

Shoot a retrievable arrow, too, sunset, just, ask, penta, long, I, ball---Dian

Crust, also, thing, sheet, the present, bow, gas, beggar, village, — — Ya

---get end two, as:

Wood, last---Pie Dian greatly,

(d) difficult suffix sign indicating number is composed of compatible code.

A kind of computer Chinese input method provided by the present invention has following characteristics: (1) culture: embodied the development differentiation and the configuration rule of Chinese character, met the cognition and the writing style of Chinese character.(2) standardization:, follow the relevant spoken and written languages standard of country based on simplified Chinese character.(3) practicality: simple and clear easily, practical fast.The primary school Chinese level, time half a day can be grasped; Average every word is no more than two keys.Structure interval by Chinese character splits, fixing radical not, " straining the meaning of the word "; Five kinds of basic strokes by Chinese character are encoded, and do not need special knowledge and memory; The high frequency word is preferential, meets Chinese character teaching and use habit; With the speech is the basic unit that imports, and meets the language and thought custom.The value of a kind of computer Chinese input method provided by the present invention embodies: (1) science, practicality, computer input method for Chinese character efficiently; Cleared away " Chinese character input " obstacle that computing machine enters family.(2) the new approach of correct understanding Chinese character; Middle and primary schools' character learning and the good assistant who writes and educate.(3) new science, the structure of the indexing system of Chinese Characters and Chinese dictionary and encyclopedia arrangement system efficiently.

Embodiment

Specific embodiments of the invention are as follows, undertaken by following operation steps according to above stated specification:

The first step is carried out reverse fractionation according to word-building law to Chinese character

[pithy formula]

Commissure is not separated to loose and is torn the form-pronunciation-meaning piece open and do not destroy

Generally tear open and do one or two polynary understandingly tear open successively

Second step was determined code symbols: get preceding two of each block, be combined as following 25 kinds of code symbols according to five kinds of basic strokes of Chinese character by sequential write:

One Shu one Pie one Dian one Ya one by one

Shu one Shu Shu Shu Pie Shu Dian Shu Ya

Pie one Pie Shu Pie Pie Pie Dian Pie Ya

Dian one Dian Shu Dian Pie Dian Dian Dian Ya

Ya Yi Ya Shu Ya Pie Ya Dian Ya Ya

The 3rd step with on 25 kinds of code symbols and the keyboard except that Z 25 English alphabet keys of particular zones corresponding, pithy formula is:

One Shu Pie Dian Ya combination position, back, district coordinate earlier gets

Keyboard Designing is:

The Chinese character input of the 4th step:

1, individual character input:

[pithy formula]

Four 1 and end (, two, three, end)

Three tail sign indicating numbers are sat visitor's (one, two, three, three tails)

Two first earlier multiple tail sign indicating numbers (one, two, one tail, two tails)

Monolithic head and the tail cabrage is (initial and end, tail, tail) repeatedly

(1) first sign indicating number code taking method:

[pithy formula]

Preceding two the discrete repeated codes of first codeword block have displacement

(2) tail sign indicating number code taking method:

Tail codeword block end is got disassembly principle and will be kept firmly in mind

Monolithic is seen two at pen end, feature end from configuration earlier

The explanation of tail sign indicating number code taking principle:

When (a) getting the tail sign indicating number,, must defer to disassembly principle, get the coding of last block if block is still detachable, as:---mouthful, Ah, Ah---Fu, can, be encoded to KBKA; Fort---guarantor, soil, protect---Ren, slow-witted is encoded to RFK; Circle---mouthful, Yuan, the member---mouth, shellfish are encoded to LKLM etc.;

(b) monolithic comprise the Chinese character that can not split and split after the part that can not split again, if the configuration relation is obvious and non-intersect, can get by the configuration relation,---mouthful, foot---ends etc. as Gu;

(c) be hard to tell or do not have structural relation, or get feature or get the end pen or get end two:

Get by feature, as:

Song, blood, ware---Shu Shu

Inferior, upright — — Ha already,

Four, west---youngster

An end feature is obviously got the end pen, as:

Sweet, tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches, white, horse, bird, fish, tricky, this, silk, volume---one

In, half, towel, bifurcation, ox, string, rich, Wei---Shu

, lance, corpse, less, drag, family---Pie

Shoot a retrievable arrow, too, sunset, just, ask, penta, long, I, ball---Dian

Also, thing, generation, die, sheet, the present, bow, gas, beggar, village,, crust — — Ya

End two order of strokes observed in calligraphy prefaces are significantly got two at end, as:

Wood, last---Pie Dian greatly,

[notes] use for convenient:

(1) Lv, Rolling, mouth, mouth, Chi, door, Http, Rui, it, initial and end sign indicating number such as Si is identical;

(2) difficult suffix sign indicating number is composed of compatible code.

2, phrase input:

Speech is the textural element of sentence, is the base unit in the linguistic organization.Hanzheng code selects surplus the speech 80,000, can reach more than 90% the coverage rate of general article.

[pithy formula]

Two words are respectively got preceding two yard 1, one 2,21,22

Each end of three words appends one 1,21,31,32

Four word homogeneous unbiased one 1,21,31,41

Multiword 1 and end one 1,21,31, end 1

3, brevity code input

According to relevant expert's statistics, to the coverage rate of general article, preceding 500 everyday characters are 80%, and preceding 900 everyday characters are 90%, and preceding 1350 everyday characters are 95%, and preceding 2500 everyday characters are 99%.We press the usage frequency of Chinese character, establish 25 of one-level brevity codes, 625 of secondary brevity codes, and three is thousands of, and one～two key can reach about 80% to the coverage rate of general article; One～triple bond can reach more than 95%.Input method: brevity code+space bar

[one-level brevity code]

Get first sign indicating number of Chinese character, have 25.

The one-level brevity lists

[secondary brevity code]

Get Chinese character preceding two yards, have 25 * 25=625.The secondary brevity code does not need special memory, and a GPRS high frequency principle of priority is used repeatedly, understands naturally, and once you form a habit, it comes natural to you.

[three]

Get the preceding trigram of Chinese character.

[notes]

1, about inquiry code "? ": under the Hanzheng code input state, when meeting difficulty, available "? " replace coding.

2, about " Z " key: be discrete repeated code, last coding of some non-common words replaces with " Z ", and when normal encoding can not find out, last coding changed " Z " into and gets final product.

3, about compatible code: for looking after custom and convenient the use, some word has coding more than two.

4, all order of strokes observed in calligraphys all are as the criterion with " the Modern Chinese general words normative stroke order " of national language literal on the 7th council and Press and Publication Administration issue April in 1997.

[input example]

The important breakthrough of computer keyboard input in Chinese technology

The right way of Chinese character input

The Hanzheng code input method

1, press the word input:

The important breakthrough of computer keyboard input in Chinese technology

PF?THT?SE?TNGC?EL K YX AWHJ WWWW?AFAC?SYY?R?THHH?DW?UDW?DVK

The right way of Chinese character input

OC UX?AWHJ?WWWW?PP FH WPG

The Hanzheng code input method

OC FH?DNK?AWHJ WWWW OF

2, press the speech input:

The important breakthrough of computer keyboard input in Chinese technology

PTSE?TNEL?KHYX?AWWW?AFSY?R?THDW?UDDV

The right way of Chinese character input

OCUX?AWWW?PP?FHWP

The Hanzheng code input method

OFDN?AWOF

Claims (1)

1. computer Chinese input method, it is characterized in that: the space configuration rule according to Chinese character is split as block with Chinese character, then according to the stroke writing of each block, utilize keyboard to carry out the Chinese character input, belong to a kind of not fixing computer Chinese input method of radical.Its step is as follows:

A, carry out reverse fractionation, split pithy formula and be according to the space configuration rule of Chinese character:

Commissure is not separated to loose and is torn the form-pronunciation-meaning piece open and do not destroy

Generally tear open and do one or two polynary understandingly tear open successively;

The fractionation pithy formula is described as follows:

(1) according to the space structure of Chinese character relation, the Chinese character of the structure interval that has living space is split as block, to commissure together, do not have the Chinese character in space structure gap not split;

(2) pictographic character does not split, and directive quantity is few, but a hundred or so, generally also should not split, have only phonogram and associative compounds to split.Phonogram can only be split as two parts, associative compounds can be split as three parts above have only tens;

(3), only need to grasp a principle in actual use according to the profiling characteristic of Chinese character: general Chinese character or do not tear open, or be split as two parts;

(4) for configuration unit more than two-part Chinese character, promptly associative compounds splits successively by sequential write, as crowd, product, doubt etc.;

B, determine code symbols: get each block preceding two, be combined as following 25 kinds of code symbols by sequential write according to five kinds of basic strokes of Chinese character:

One Shu one Pie one Dian one Ya one by one

Shu one Shu Shu Shu Pie Shu Dian Shu Ya

Pie one Pie Shu Pie Pie Pie Dian Pie Ya

Dian one Dian Shu Dian Pie Dian Dian Dian Ya

Ya Yi Ya Shu Ya Pie Ya Dian Ya Ya

C, with on 25 kinds of code symbols and the keyboard except that Z 25 English alphabet keys of particular zones corresponding, pithy formula is:

One Shu Pie Dian Ya combination position, back, district coordinate earlier gets

Pithy formula is described as follows:

(1) 25 English alphabet keys of computer keyboard except that Z are divided into five districts, respectively with one, Shu, Pie, Dian, Ya indicate; Every region and five-position, also respectively with one, Shu, Pie, Dian, Ya indicate, the corresponding area code of the first stroke of every kind of stroke combination, second corresponding item, thereby make the corresponding a kind of combination of an English alphabet as follows:

(2) single is drawn in each district and all gets transverse presentation, and its corresponding relation is:

One---G, Shu---H, Pie---T, Dian---Y, Ya---N.

D, carry out Chinese character when input, the encode Chinese characters for computer input rule of establishment is:

Four 1 and the end one, two, three, the end

Three tail sign indicating numbers are sat visitor's one, two, three, three tails

Two first earlier tail sign indicating number one, two, one tail, two tails again

Monolithic head and the tail cabrage change initial and end, tail, tail

The encode Chinese characters for computer input rule is described as follows:

(1) Chinese character has only four parts to form at most, encodes successively by sequential write, as doubting---and an ancient type of spoon, arrow, マ, Shu, be encoded to QTCB, it is several that this type of Chinese character has only urgently, doubts etc., and mostly be secondary and encode;

(2) be split as the Chinese character of three parts, last part replenishes a tail sign indicating number, but seldom uses in actual applications, and only standing tall and upright,---FFFH, prosperous---WWWG etc. are several;

(3) for being split as two-part Chinese character, each replenishes a tail sign indicating number every part;

(4) for the Chinese character that can not split, replenish a tail sign indicating number, have only this class suffix sign indicating number commonly used, but negligible amounts, the folded again tail sign indicating number of using;

(5) first sign indicating number code taking principle:

Preceding two the discrete repeated codes of first codeword block have displacement

First sign indicating number code taking principle is described as follows:

(a). " block " is meant and splits the part that the back forms;

(b). for discrete repeated code, 16 blocks have been carried out displacement, except that " justice ", got its pictograph, area code all remains unchanged:

Annotate: “ 亅 " be considered as rolling over;

(6): tail sign indicating number code taking principle:

Tail codeword block end is got disassembly principle and will be kept firmly in mind

Monolithic is seen two at pen end, feature end from configuration earlier

The explanation of tail sign indicating number code taking principle:

When (a) getting the tail sign indicating number,, must defer to disassembly principle, get the coding of last block if block is still detachable, as:---mouthful, Ah, Ah---Fu, can, be encoded to KBKA; Fort---guarantor, soil, protect---Ren, slow-witted is encoded to RFK; Circle---mouthful, Yuan, the member---mouth, shellfish are encoded to LKLM etc.;

(b) monolithic comprise the Chinese character that can not split and split after the part that can not split again, if the configuration relation is obvious and non-intersect, can get by the configuration relation,---mouthful, foot---ends etc. as Gu;

(c) be hard to tell or do not have structural relation, or get feature or get the end pen or get end two:

---get by feature, as:

Song, blood, ware---Shu Shu

Inferior, upright — — Ha already,

Four, west---youngster

---get end pen, as:

Horse, bird, fish, basis, silk, volume---one

In, half, towel, ox, string, rich, Wei---Shu

, lance, corpse, less, drag,---Pie

Shoot a retrievable arrow, too, sunset, just, ask, penta, long, I, ball---Dian

Crust, also, thing, sheet, the present, bow, gas, beggar, village, — — Ya

---get end two, as:

Wood, last---Pie Dian greatly,

(d) difficult suffix sign indicating number is composed of compatible code.