CN1321904C - 采用紫外线辐射对水进行消毒的装置 - Google Patents
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Abstract
采用紫外线辐射对流管中的水(5)进行消毒,其中所述流管(10)对紫外线起流体填充光导向作用,并且所述紫外线通过全内反射作用在所述流管中传播。
Description
发明背景
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用强紫外线照射来打断有毒化合物中的化学键并且使病原体失活的水净化系统。该方法也可以应用于任一流体传输,包括净化空气。这些系统可以用于净化含有天然出现的毒素的流体,或者是含有由于战争中使用生化试剂而产生的毒素的流体。
背景技术
首次将紫外(UV)低压水银蒸汽放电灯应用于水消毒的是在1901年法国马赛。然而,直到1955年,对饮用水的UV消毒法才在欧洲被广泛应用。那时候在瑞士、奥地利和挪威都安装有UV消毒装置。在发现氯化过程中能形成卤代烃之后,UV消毒在大多数欧洲国家得到普及。
1916年8月29日公开的美国专利1196481描述了一种用水银蒸汽灯产生足量的紫外光(通常波长为254nm)来净化水质的方法。这种建立在延长电弧连续工作水银灯的UV效能上的基本方法,随着时间的推移而完善,例如Ellner在1965年5月4日公开的美国专利3182193,Maarschalkerweerd在1984年11月13日公开的美国专利4482809,Moyher在1991年12月3日公开的美国专利5069782,Tiede在1995年2月28日公开的美国专利5393419,以及Anderson在2000年8月8日公开的美国专利6099799。许多后来的技术在商业适用性方面有所进步,例如通过使用隔板、UV透明线圈、和控制紊流度来提高UV剂量的统一性;在给定体积之内通过增加灯的数目来提高用于更高流速的UV强度;以及通过使用特氟纶(Teflon)涂覆、擦拭机构、和增加紊流度来改善维护。
在先技术的UV水消毒系统使水体暴露于UV射线下,这样射线透过水体,撞击反射面,经反射后再透过水体。反射面吸收了大量的射线。长久以来,人们一直认为应提高这种系统的效率。
发明简述
本发明是一种用于对水或其它流体进行消毒的装置和方法,引导水从管的一端穿过,而高强度灯发出的紫外线(UV)能量从另一端穿过该管。所述水或其他流体,作为流体光导管的核心,而管周围的气隙起到低折射率包层的作用。所述管本身由非UV吸收材料构成,如UV级熔融石英玻璃。有利地是,基于全内反射(TIR)的光导管技术的运用,确保了所有射入的UV射线分散在水中。优选地,所述管的横截面为多边形的,已知该技术能使光导管中的光通量达到最大的均匀度。
本发明的实施例具有多个区域,可以有效地并以最高实际效率对处于较宽范围内的水吸收系数进行处理。依照本发明的一个方面,通过一个同心环绕于水流管的一部分的UV级管道系统限定三个区域中的一个,而其他区域被限定在这些管和外部封闭管之间。
本发明还提供一种用于消毒流体的装置,该装置包括:流体管,它具有入口、出口和壁,待净化的流体在该壁中流动,在所述流体管壁中流动的流体的折射率大于所述流体管壁的折射率;紫外线能量源,它通过光学传输窗将紫外线辐射引导入所述流体管内的流体中,紫外线辐射通过所述流体和所述流体管壁的折射率之差引起的全内反射在所述流体光导管内被导向。
在上述装置中,优选的是,所述流体管壁包括被空气所包围的UV级熔融玻璃。
附图简述
附图的简要说明
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例利用紫外线(UV)对水进行消毒的装置。
图2是图1中UV消毒装置的截面图。
图3是图1中UV消毒装置中的光导管照射区,显示了利用全内反射(TIR)原理如何容纳紫外线。
附图中主要元件的附图标记表
下面是附图中主要元件的附图标记顺序表。
5 流体(将被消毒的)
10 流体入口管
11 入口端(流体入口管)
12 出口端(流体入口管)
13 内表面(流体入口管)
14 外表面(流体入口管)
15 同心间隙(入口管和光学包层管之间)
20 光学包层管
30 流体盛装容器
31 紫外线反射镜(流体盛装容器的内表面)
32 气隙(流体盛装容器)
33 内管(流体盛装容器的)
35 紫外线入射孔
36 下部紫外线窗口表面
37 上部紫外线窗口表面
40 高强度紫外线灯
50 流体出口管
71 第一UV光线(离开下紫外线窗口表面)
72 第二UV光线(离开流体)
73 第三UV光线(进入流体入口管内表面)
74 第四UV光线(离开流体入口管内表面)
75 第五UV光线(进入流体)
100 光导管(由流体、流体入口管和同心间隙形成)
1 入射角(在流体入口管内表面处折射)
2 内部反射角(在流体入口管外表面处反射)
发明描述
本发明的实施方式
图1给出了本发明的紫外线(UV)水消毒装置的基本构造,包括作为中央光导管的流体入口管10,环绕在流体入口管10下部并形成同心间隙15的光学包层管20,流体盛装容器30,流体出口管50,以及诸如闪光灯等的高强度UV灯40。
再参见图2,流体盛装容器30包含一个设计作为紫外线反射镜31的内表面;例如,所述流体盛装容器可以用铝制成,其内表面可以是抛光的铝。将要被消毒的流体5,例如水,通过入口端11进入流体入口管10。所述流体入口管10可以用例如UV级熔融石英来制造。
流体5从流体入口管10流向高强度UV灯40,并在出口端12处离开流体入口管10。接着,流体5撞击构成流体盛装容器30下端一部分的紫外(UV)线窗口下表面36。然后,流体5改变方向流至位于所述流体盛装容器30上端的流体出口管50。
流体5容纳在流体盛装容器30中。所述流体盛装容器30包括内管33,内管33可用UV级熔融石英来制造,并且包含在一外部铝壳之中,所述外部铝壳具有构成UV反射镜31的反射内表面,在外壳和内管33之间具有气隙32。然后外管30的两端分别通过下部紫外线窗口表面36和紫外线窗口上表面37封闭。
所述紫外线(UV)水消毒装置优选为垂直方向,这样流体5大致呈活塞流式流动,并且所述流体出口管50位于或靠近最高点的位置,从而可以快速有效地除去不希望产生的气泡。流体5中的气泡可以形成UV的散射位点从而使系统效率降低。这些UV散射位点导致UV以小于最优角度传播,所述最优角度使得流体盛装容器内壁表面产生反射,即当由铝管制成时紫外线反射镜31具有大约86%的反射。没有这些UV散射点,所有的反射由于光导管的全内反射(TIR)作用而接近于无损耗,因此,紫外线大部分散逸在流体5中。
接下来参见图3,光导管100区域由诸如水等的流体5,诸如UV级熔融石英管等的流体入口管10,以及诸如气隙或真空间隙的同心间隙15组成。为了实现光导管100的作用,所述同心间隙15与流体5液压地分隔开。光导管工作的基础是,同心间隙的折射率应小于流体5的折射率。在光谱的UV区域所述熔融石英和水的折射率见下表1。
熔融石英UV级(SiO2) | 水 | ||
波长(nm) | 折射率 | 波长(nm) | 折射率 |
170 | 1.615 | 172 | 1.568 |
185 | 1.575 | 185 | 1.492 |
200 | 1.550 | 200 | 1.452 |
214 | 1.534 | 215 | 1.427 |
280 | 1.494 | 280 | 1.379 |
302 | 1.487 | 305 | 1.370 |
436 | 1.467 | 450 | 1.344 |
546 | 1.460 | 550 | 1.336 |
656 | 1.456 | 650 | 1.331 |
表1-熔融石英和水的折射率
如表1所示,在光谱的紫外(UV)部分水具有比UV级石英玻璃低的折射率。
如图2所示,高强度紫外线灯40发出紫外线(UV),通过紫外线射入孔35进入下部紫外线窗口表面36。第一UV光线71离开下部紫外线窗口表面,通过折射改变方向,并进入流体5中形成第二UV光线72。第二UV光线72以入射角1撞击与流体5接触的流体入口管10的内表面13上,其中入射角1的测量与内表面13的曲面法线相关。当第二UV光线72进入流体入口管10的侧壁时,通过折射改变方向并以新的内部反射角2改变传播方向,形成第三UV光线73。
角2的值是入射角1、流体5以及构成流体入口管10的材料的折射率的函数,所述材料例如UV级石英。第三UV光线73继续通过流体入口管10的材料并撞击与同心间隙15接触的所述流体入口管的外表面14。当流体入口管10的材料和同心间隙15的折射率达到Snell定律中定义的特定条件时,第三UV光线73就反射回所述流体入口管10的侧壁,形成第四UV光线74。同心间隙15的折射率由所述同心间隙中所含物质决定,或者如果所述同心间隙15没有任何物质的话由真空折射率所决定。
本发明的一个特点是光导管100区域至少为流体入口管10长度的一部分。因此,根据流体5、构成流体入口管10的材料、以及同心间隙15的折射率,入射角2应限制在预定范围内。本发明的优选实施例中,流体入口管10由UV级石英玻璃构成,将要被消毒的流体5为水,同心间隙15中是真空。
其它实施例
其它实施例应不脱离本发明的实质和范围。例如,在此描述的方法不仅可以应用于水流,还可应用于其它需要净化的流体,如可呼吸的空气。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于消毒流体的装置,所述装置包括:
流体管,它具有入口、出口和壁,待净化的流体在该壁中流动,在所述流体管壁中流动的流体的折射率大于所述流体管壁的折射率;
紫外线能量源,它通过光学传输窗将紫外线辐射引导入所述流体管内的流体中,所述紫外线辐射通过所述流体和所述流体管壁的折射率之差引起的全内反射在所述流体光导管内被导向。
2.权利要求1所述的消毒流体的装置,其中,
a.所述流体管还包括一个运送需要进行消毒的流体(5)的流体入口管(10),所述流体具有第一折射率,所述流体入口管由具有第二折射率的材料构成,并包括入口端(11),远侧相对的出口端(12),与所述流体接触的内表面(13),以及外表面(14);
b.所述流体管还包括一个位于所述流体入口管外表面周围的光学包层管(20),在所述流体入口管和所述光学包层管之间限定了一个同心间隙(15),其中所述同心间隙具有第三折射率;
c.所述流体管还包括一个围绕在所述流体入口管和所述光学包层管周围的流体盛装容器(30),其中所述流体入口管的一部分延伸自所述流体盛装容器,并且所述同心间隙与所述流体盛装容器液压分隔开;
d.所述光学传输窗包括一个安装在所述流体盛装容器上并构成其一部分的紫外线射入孔(35);
e.所述紫外线能量源包括一个发射紫外线的高强度紫外线灯(40),所述紫外线穿过所述紫外线射入孔并以一范围的入射角撞击所述流体入口管的所述内表面;通过所述折射率,使得基本上所有的紫外线通过沿着由所述同心间隙所限制的所述入口管部分的全内反射传播;以及
f.所述流体管还包括一个延伸自所述流体盛装容器的流体出口管(50)。
3.如权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述同心间隙包含真空。
4.如权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述同心间隙包含选自以下组的气体:干燥空气、氮气、以及氩气。
5.如权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述同心间隙包含选自以下组的干净固体:玻璃、树脂玻璃、以及丙烯酸。
6.如权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述被消毒的流体是饮用水。
7.如权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述被消毒的流体是可呼吸的空气。
8.如权利要求2所述的装置,其中所述流体入口管和所述光学包层管都具有多边形的横截面。
9.如权利要求2所述的装置,其中位于所述流体盛装容器中的所述流体入口管的一部分延伸通过所述光学包层管的一端。
10.如权利要求1所述的装置,其中,所述流体管壁包括被空气所包围的UV级熔融玻璃。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US33017401P | 2001-10-17 | 2001-10-17 | |
US60/330,174 | 2001-10-17 | ||
US10/268,567 | 2002-10-09 | ||
US10/268,567 US6773584B2 (en) | 2001-10-17 | 2002-10-09 | Apparatus for disinfecting water using ultraviolet radiation |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN1571758A CN1571758A (zh) | 2005-01-26 |
CN1321904C true CN1321904C (zh) | 2007-06-20 |
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CNB028204786A Expired - Fee Related CN1321904C (zh) | 2001-10-17 | 2002-10-15 | 采用紫外线辐射对水进行消毒的装置 |
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US (1) | US6773584B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2258660A3 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP4371813B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100961090B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1321904C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2002335007C1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0213348A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2463995C (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2405586T3 (zh) |
IL (2) | IL161466A0 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA04003587A (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2003033413A1 (zh) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP4371813B2 (ja) | 2009-11-25 |
CA2463995A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
AU2002335007C1 (en) | 2006-08-10 |
IL161466A0 (en) | 2004-09-27 |
IL161466A (en) | 2006-10-31 |
CA2463995C (en) | 2011-01-25 |
EP2258660A3 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
EP1444168B1 (en) | 2013-03-20 |
EP1444168A1 (en) | 2004-08-11 |
KR20040045846A (ko) | 2004-06-02 |
US6773584B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 |
EP2258660A2 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
ES2405586T3 (es) | 2013-05-31 |
CN1571758A (zh) | 2005-01-26 |
BRPI0213348A2 (pt) | 2017-03-28 |
WO2003033413A1 (en) | 2003-04-24 |
MXPA04003587A (es) | 2004-07-23 |
US20030089670A1 (en) | 2003-05-15 |
AU2002335007B2 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
KR100961090B1 (ko) | 2010-06-07 |
JP2005506180A (ja) | 2005-03-03 |
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